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Friday, August 1
 

7:00am CDT

Speaker Ready Room
Friday August 1, 2025 7:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 7:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 1

7:30am CDT

Registration Open
Friday August 1, 2025 7:30am - 12:00pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 7:30am - 12:00pm CDT
Empire Ballroom Foyer

7:59am CDT

HEMP - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
BP

Brian Poel

Fluence
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Foster 2

7:59am CDT

INPR - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Speakers
TM

Tina McIntyre

UF/IFAS Extension
Tina McIntyre is the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Agent at the UF/IFAS Extension in Seminole County. She specializes in surface water quality and quantity, best management practices related to landscape management, and restoration of urban green spaces. Tina came to Extension after... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 10

7:59am CDT

ORGH 3 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
MB

Moriah Bilenky

Purdue University
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 11A

7:59am CDT

PUBHORT - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
LE

Lauren Errickson

Director of Rutgers Gardens & Campus Stewardship, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Foster 1

7:59am CDT

RHIZ - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Speakers
avatar for Arthur Villordon

Arthur Villordon

Professor, Louisiana State University AgCenter
No roots left behind! The sweetpotato's root system architecture integrates internal, environmental, and management determinants of storage root yield, quality, and shape attributes. Root architectural adaptations to biotic and abiotic stress variables provide insights about traits... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 12A

7:59am CDT

VSF 4 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
GS

Guo-qing Song

Michigan State University
Friday August 1, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 11B

8:00am CDT

HEMP - Differential effects of macro- and micronutrients on secondary metabolite production in drug-type (medical) cannabis
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
The medical potential of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is based on the complex chemical profile, comprising hundreds of secondary metabolites including cannabinoids, terpenoids and flavonoids. Cultivation conditions were demonstrated to affect plant development, function and production of secondary metabolites in cannabis. Understanding regulation of plant response to environmental conditions is key for development of optimal chemical profile for modern medicine. We have recently demonstrated sensitivity of the secondary metabolite profile in medical cannabis to mineral nutrition, with considerable responses to N, P, and K nutrition. Therefore, knowledge on the cannabis plant response to fertigation schemes is essential for the optimization of cultivation for production of high quality standardized material for the medical market, as well as for development of plant products containing specific desirable phytochemical profiles. In the talk, we will discuss our recent results concerning the potential of additional macronutrients and micronutrients to regulate plant development and the profile of active secondary metabolites in ‘drug-type’ medical cannabis. In pot experiments under controlled conditions, we demonstrated differential induction of changes in the cannabinoid and terpene profiles in ‘drug-type’ medical cannabis also by Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn. Furthermore, rate of uptake and deposition in the plants of individual macronutrients and micronutrients changes between the vegetative and the reproductive developmental stages, and along the reproductive phase.
Speakers
NB

Nirit Bernstein

Volcani Center
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Foster 2

8:00am CDT

INPR - Plant This Not That: Impacting Invasive Species One Flipbook At A Time
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Some invasive plants are listed as “prohibited for sale” on the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Noxious Weed List, however many invasive plants are commercially available. Plant This, Not That: A Guide to Avoiding Invasive Plant Species in Florida is a laminated, ring-bound-flipbook written to provide safe alternatives to commonly sold invasive ornamental plants. Perfect for the resident or professionals visiting or running a nursery or garden center, this relevant resource includes 22 invasive plants that are commonly available for sale along with native or Florida-Friendly alternatives. Over 1,350 copies have been sold or distributed, bringing in $14,234. Concepts from the book have been integrated into classes for landscape professionals, industry nursery owners, master gardeners and the general public. Results from the classes show 1.) 367/376 or 97.6% increased their knowledge about the impact invasive species have in Florida, 2.) 371/373 or 99.4% intend to use the information from the class to choose plants that are not invasive, and 3.) 323/344 or 93.9% of participants felt more confident they could identify invasive plant species. Follow up surveys indicated participants used hand pulling to remove invasives (85% or 51/60), avoided invasives from the book (76% or 45/59) and educated others about invasive species (75% or 44/59). Intentional efforts to widely publicize the usefulness of this guidebook and its impact in extension programming have resulted in 11 articles reaching thousands of people, 2 interviews one on NPR and another on the radio, 3 webpages, one press release published on behalf of ASHS, and one journal article in the Journal of Hort Technology.
Speakers
TM

Tina McIntyre

UF/IFAS Extension
Tina McIntyre is the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Agent at the UF/IFAS Extension in Seminole County. She specializes in surface water quality and quantity, best management practices related to landscape management, and restoration of urban green spaces. Tina came to Extension after... Read More →
Co-authors
MP

Morgan Pinkerton

UF/IFAS Extension Seminole County
SW

sandra wilson

University of Florida
Dr. Sandra Wilson is a Professor of Environmental Horticulture at the University of Florida’s main campus in Gainesville. She received B.S. and M.S. degrees from the University of Delaware and a Ph.D. in Plant Physiology from Clemson University. Dr. Wilson completed postdoctoral... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 10
  Oral presentation, Invasive Plants Research

8:00am CDT

ORGH 3 - To Roll or not to roll: for sunn hemp that is not such an easy question
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Despite its challenges, non-chemical, reduced tillage vegetable production is of continued interest among researchers and growers as a way to improve soil health. Primarily success in this production method has been use of high biomass cover crops such as cereal rye terminated with a roller crimper. However alternative cover crops should be explored to diversify reduced tillage systems and to improve nitrogen synchrony. Sunn hemp (Crotelaria juncea) is a high biomass producing legume with potential to achieve weed suppression while reducing nitrogen immobilization in non-chemical, no-till vegetable production. A two-year study was conducted at the Meigs Horticulture Facility (Meigs) in Lafayette IN to assess the potential of sunn hemp as a cover crop suitable for rolling in a non-chemical, no-till vegetable production system. At Meigs roll success of three sunn hemp rolling dates was evaluated. Followed by Swiss chard production. Sunn hemp was rolled with and I and J roller crimper 60, 70, and 80 days after seeding. Prior to rolling sunn hemp height, above ground biomass (sunn hemp and weed), and roll success was measured 4 weeks after rolling by collecting terminated (senesced) and non- terminated (non- senesced) sunn hemp from 0.25m2 quadrats. Roll success was most related to sunnhemp height and biomass at time of rolling (R2 = 0.76 P < 0.01 ,0.68 P =0.15). In year one rolling was only successful 80 days after seeding, however in in year two rolling was successful at all seeding dates. More research is needed to understand mechanisms contributing to sunn hemp rolling success.
Speakers
MB

Moriah Bilenky

Purdue University
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 11A

8:00am CDT

PUBHORT - Botanic Garden Stakeholder Priorities Include Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity: A Case Study of Rutgers Gardens
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Understanding stakeholder priorities helps botanic gardens serve current visitors and develop relevant future programs. A strategic vision planning process investigated stakeholder priorities for university-affiliated Rutgers Gardens in central New Jersey, USA through an online survey conducted February – March 2024. Specific objectives included 1) determining priorities of botanic garden stakeholders to guide vision planning; 2) identifying key learning topic preferences among stakeholders, toward program development; and 3) understanding associations between overall priorities and learning interest to align visioning and programming efforts. Respondents (n=688) included university students (20.6%), faculty/staff (20.1%), and alumni (27.6%); garden visitors, staff, volunteers, members, and donors; and community members at large. The majority identified as white/Caucasian (64.5%), age 50 (50.2%), visit multiple times per year (39.9%), and reside in-state (94.7%). Asked to select their top three priorities, respondents identified Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity (41.9%), Display and Demonstration Gardens (34.9%), and Climate Change Resilience (27.3%) as overall leaders. Decreasing in priority were Preservation of Historic Plant Collections (25.0%), Horticultural Research (24.6%), Sustainable Agriculture (20.2%), Public Recreation (17.4%), Horticultural Therapy and Wellness (14.4%), Food Security (11.0%), Culture and Arts (9.2%), and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (6.7%). Respondents identified primary learning interest in Home Gardening
Speakers
LE

Lauren Errickson

Director of Rutgers Gardens & Campus Stewardship, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey
Co-authors
TH

Theresa Hyslop-Gaden

ETM Associates, LLC
NA
TM

Tim Marshall

ETM Associates, LLC
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Foster 1

8:00am CDT

RHIZ - Modeling the Timing of Sweetpotato Storage Root Initiation and Initial Bulking Stages
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
The most economically important physiological process in sweetpotato is storage root initiation. The number of adventitious roots (ARs) that undergo storage root initiation can vary within and among individual plants. This extends to entire fields, which can vary in storage root yield by up to 50%. This unpredictability is further compounded by the fact that crop yield can only be evaluated post-factum and above-ground growth frequently provides little or no indication of productivity in commercial production settings. Significant progress has been achieved in understanding the environmental, physiological, and molecular cues of storage root formation but current evidence cannot be reconciled with root system architecture variability. Functional-Structural Plant Models (FSPM) such as OpenSimRoot are used to explore and understand the complex interactions among morphological and architectural traits, environment variables, and source-sink relations. OpenSimRoot is capable of simulating spatiotemporal dynamics of plant growth, including 3D root architecture, nutrient and water acquisition, and carbon processes underlying plant growth, but requires extensive parameterization. Here we describe the parameterization of OpenSimRoot to model the timing of storage root initiation and initial bulking stages. The model was parameterized using data from sweetpotato cultivar ‘Beauregard’ grown under greenhouse and irrigated field conditions, along with available data from literature. We will outline subsequent work that links root system architecture to storage root initiation, leading to future studies on the dynamics of carbon-related processes that determine the competency of adventitious roots to become storage roots.
Speakers
avatar for Marissa Barbosa

Marissa Barbosa

Lousiana State University
Co-authors
AV

Arthur Villordon

LSU Agcenter
CK

Christian Kuppe

Forschungszentrum Jülich
NA
DL

Don La Bonte

Louisiana State Univ
NA
JP

Johannes Postma

Forschungszentrum Jülich
NA
LA

Lisa Arce

Louisiana State University
MA

Mae Ann Bravo

Louisiana State University
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Root Growth and Rhizosphere Dynamics

8:00am CDT

VSF 4 - Pollination Insights - Optimizing Honey Bee Mediated Pollination in Highbush Blueberry
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Pollination is a prerequisite for optimizing both yield and fruit quality within commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) production systems. Although many insects can pollinate blueberry flowers, the honey bee (Apis mellifera) provides most of the pollination services within commercial settings due to the large number of foraging individuals within a single colony. Despite this, insufficient pollination frequently limits growers from achieving their full yield potential, and research-based recommendations to inform pollination strategies are lacking. The objective of this presentation is to summarize how the cross-disciplinary and multi-institutional Blueberry Pollination Project has addressed some of these barriers by investigating best practices to achieve optimal honey bee-mediated pollination and formulate decision-aid tools. Key findings that will be highlighted include the role of cross-pollination for optimizing yields in northern and southern highbush blueberry cultivars, the effects of hive placement on flower visitation and overall crop pollination, effects of changing stocking density and colony placement on farm income, and how landscape density and colony population size are more influential in determining flower visitation and pollination outcomes than traditional stocking density recommendations. Decision-aid tools that predict bloom phenology for the timely arrival and departure of honey bee colonies will also be introduced alongside other project resources available on our website (https://blueberrypollination.org/).
Speakers
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
Co-authors
AM

Andony Melathopoulos

Oregon State University
NA
CK

Clark Kogan

StatsCraft LLC
NA
ER

Emma Rogers

Washington State University
NA
JW

Jenna Walters

University of Maine
NA
KL

Kayla L Brouwer

Washington State University NWREC
NA
LG

Laura Goldstein

Michigan State University
NA
ME

Maxime Eeraerts

University of Ghent
NA
MM

Meghan Milbrath

Michigan State University
NA
RM

Rachel Mallinger

University of Florida
NA
RI

Rufus Isaacs

Michigan State University
NA
SC

Stan Chabert

French National Institute for Agriculture,
NA
SG

Suzette Galinato

Washington State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 4
  • Subject Viticulture and Small Fruits
  • Funding Source This article is based upon research supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2020-51181-32155 from the Specialty Crops Research Initiative, and NIFA Hatch project 1014919. ME was supported as a Belgian American Educational Foundation postdoctoral fellow and as an FWO postdoctoral fellow (grant no. 1210723N).
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

8:00am CDT

HortLegends Interviews
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 6

8:00am CDT

Exhibit Hall Hours - Friday
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Exhibit Hall Empire AB

8:00am CDT

A/V Room
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
6' tables on the perimeter; 2 chair (total placed in the room)
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 2

8:00am CDT

Committee Meetings
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 7

8:00am CDT

ASHS Office
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Bolden 1

8:14am CDT

GG 3 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 8:14am - 8:15am CDT
Speakers
avatar for John Larsen

John Larsen

Graduate Student, University of Minnesota
John works with winter hardy landscape plants, with a special emphasis on Salix pellita (Satiny Willow). A major interest of John's is looking at the horticultural potential of certain native flora, hoping this could lead to new means of conservation for Minnesota's threatened sp... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 8:14am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 12B

8:15am CDT

GG 3 - Characterizing genetic diversity in wild collected satiny willow (Salix pellita) using GBS
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Salix pellita (satiny willow) is a state-threatened shrub willow species which is native to Minnesota and offers appealing ornamental traits. The natural distribution of this taxon in Minnesota is limited primarily by habitat loss. Because the disjunct populations of this species in Minnesota are in decline and because no prior efforts have been made to conserve this taxon, horticultural practices and cultivation could offer a preservation outlet for satiny willow. Prior to this project, Salix pellita was not represented in any germplasm repository in the United States. This study uses GBS (genotyping by sequencing) to characterize diversity among, between, and within wild collected Salix pellita populations from Minnesota, Michigan, and New Hampshire. Diversity metrics Fis, Fst , pairwise Fst and He were used to categorize genetic diversity. High Fis was found within most populations, which can be attributed to population isolation and small population size. Pairwise Fst between state populations (MN-MI, MN-NH, MI-NH) showed high levels of genetic differentiation, which can be attributed to the lack of gene flow between these populations. Ultimately, these metrics will be used to establish a genetically diverse ex situ collection of Salix pellita.
Speakers
avatar for John Larsen

John Larsen

Graduate Student, University of Minnesota
John works with winter hardy landscape plants, with a special emphasis on Salix pellita (Satiny Willow). A major interest of John's is looking at the horticultural potential of certain native flora, hoping this could lead to new means of conservation for Minnesota's threatened sp... Read More →
Co-authors
BM

Brandon Miller

University of Minnesota
SW

Seth Wannemuehler

University of Minnesota
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 12B

8:15am CDT

HEMP - Evaluation of High and Low Red-content Lighting During the Vegetative Phase of Cannabis Production
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
As a short-day crop, Cannabis sativa, benefits from early-phase cultivation under long days to increase vegetative growth before transitioning to a generative flower phase. Previously, this long-day or “veg” phase has occurred under ceramic metal-halide lamps due to their relative increased blue content compared to the spectra of high-pressure sodium lamps used during the short-day or “flower” phase. Increased relative blue light during young plant production is desired due to the promotion of plant compactness and root development. Due to the relative efficacy of red diodes to blue, there is a benefit to maximizing red content without affecting plant performance. While many spectral recommendations arise from research in leafy greens and ornamentals, cannabis is cultivated under intensities three-fold greater, 600 µmol·m-2·s-1 during the long-day phase to 200 µmol·m-2·s-1 in leafy greens. Therefore, due to the high light intensity, it may be possible to produce optimal young plant quality under relatively low blue content. To test this, three cannabis cultivars rooted for 14 days were transplanted into 2-gallon coco coir bags and grown under long days with spectral treatments for an additional 14 days before finishing in a 12-hour short-day common environment. During the long-day phase, plants were exposed to high (~80%) or low (~40%) red at an average intensity of 500 µmol·m-2·s-1. Plant height at transfer to short days was similar regardless of light treatment. Additionally, final plant height and total flower yield after transfer into short days in a common environment was also similar. Therefore, it is beneficial to cultivate cannabis plants during long days under a high-red spectrum to minimize lighting cost while avoiding any negative morphology effects.
Speakers
BP

Brian Poel

Fluence
Co-authors
DH

Dave Hawley

Fluence
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Foster 2

8:15am CDT

INPR - Weeding Out the Truth: How Glufosinate Sparks Oxidative Chaos in Horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist)
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is a prevalent weed species that has garnered significant attention due to its increasing resistance to multiple herbicides. Glufosinate, a widely utilized herbicide, is among the agents employed for its control. This study investigated the causes and impacts of glufosinate-induced oxidative stress in horseweed. During the flowering stage, glufosinate ammonium (GA) was applied at recommended concentrations. The plants were cultivated in a controlled greenhouse environment maintained at day/night temperatures of 27/25°C, with a 16-hour photoperiod and 75% relative humidity. Morphological symptoms, including curling and burning of leaf tips, were observed within 24 hours of GA application. Elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected four hours post-application and persisted for 48 hours. In contrast, activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) were reduced. Notably, guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) activity increased in GA-treated horseweed leaves. Senescence of leaves and flower inflorescences was evident five days post-application. This study enhances the understanding of glufosinate-induced oxidative stress in horseweed, elucidating the plant's biochemical and molecular responses. The findings contribute valuable insights for improving weed management strategies and promoting agricultural sustainability.
Speakers
ND

Naveen Dixit

University of MD Eastern Shore
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 10
  Oral presentation, Invasive Plants Research

8:15am CDT

ORGH 3 - Organic High Tunnel and Field Comparison in Specialty Hybrid Tomato: Impacts on Yield, Nutrition, and Marketability Characteristics
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are the largest vegetable crop in the US by dollar value and represent a significant source of income for organic growers in the southeast. High tunnels allow growers to capture more profitable early markets, and the protection they offer provides additional benefits such as extended growing seasons and reduced leaf wetness/foliar disease. Most research on organic high tunnel tomatoes to date focuses on heirloom varieties due to their popularity among organic growers. However, advances in plant breeding in recent decades have yielded hybrids that combine the desirable culinary and aesthetic characteristics of heirlooms with the superior vigor and disease resistance of modern genetics. The objective of this study was to compare the performance and characteristics of such specialty hybrids under organic high tunnel, and organic and conventional field conditions in the Georgia Piedmont region. Two indeterminate cultivars were chosen for this project: ‘Estiva’, a mediterranean variety noted for setting fruit under high temperatures; and ‘Tomimaru Muchoo’, a Japanese pink slicer with thin skin and low acidity. Transplants of both varieties were grown under organic greenhouse conditions for several weeks before planting in organic field, organic high tunnel, or conventional field plasticulture systems. Data loggers were placed in each site to record temperature, relative humidity, PAR, and soil moisture. Fruits were harvested once per week and sorted by USDA marketability standards. Both total and marketable yield were recorded for each plot, as well as disease, pest, and physiological disorder damage. Subsampled fruits from each plot were measured for dimensions, mass, and qualitative aesthetic rating. Fruit and aboveground biomass samples from each plot were harvested, dried, and ground, then analyzed for elemental nutrient content. Soil samples were also taken from each plot prior to planting and after termination for nutrient analysis, pH, and organic matter. In 2023, the highest marketable yields were from the organic high tunnel, with ‘Estiva’ and ‘Tomimaru’ averaging 15491 and 15992 lb/A (FW), respectively; while the conventional field performed better in 2024, with average yields of 11807 (‘Estiva’) and 11611 lb/A (‘Tomimaru’). In 2024, ‘Estiva’ had substantial losses in the high tunnel due to blossom end rot, with 30% of the harvest being marketable as opposed to the 53% obtained from ‘Tomimaru’. These results suggest that under optimal conditions, organic growers can achieve similar yields of high-quality tomatoes to their conventional counterparts through proper application of high tunnels and superior varieties.
Speakers
MJ

Micah Jones

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AM

Anish Malladi

University of Georgia
DF

Dorcas Franklin

University of Georgia
NA
KC

Kate Cassity-Duffey

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 11A

8:15am CDT

PUBHORT - National Survey on Consumer Preferences of Community Garden Signage
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Community gardens provide numerous opportunities and benefits to volunteers, visitors, and communities. While there are many benefits to community gardens, there are also many obstacles, including volunteer struggles. Recruiting, organizing, training, and educating volunteers are among the biggest issues with volunteerism. Signage has the potential to alleviate some of these struggles. Signs can advertise the garden’s presence to attract volunteers, promote events and opportunities to keep volunteers engaged, and provide education through interpretive signage. However, many design elements and content choices for signage in community gardens have not been studied. A survey was sent out to a national sample that reflects the USA’s census data (N= 345) for gender, age, region, and household income with a screening question inquiring if participants had an interest with gardening. Photos and questions were prepared to reflect various aesthetic and functional attributes of signage. Questions asked participants their opinion on which design elements were most likely to gain attention, what information is needed to complete a task, and important information to have on a community garden sign. Results showed clear winners for design choices for attention gathering, those being primary colors, wood material, graphically designed, with a non-serif font, and pictures. Educational signage preferences showed that infographics with text and pictures were preferred overall. Signage element survey questions showed that participants preferred pictures over written text. Interactions between findings with demographics and gardening familiarity were also analyzed. Overall, people who had more experience gardening had more positive outlooks on signage compared to those who do not. These findings will allow community gardens to design more purposeful and engaging signage.
Speakers
JT

Jonah Trevino

Texas Tech University
Co-authors
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
LF

Laura Fischer

Texas Tech University
NA
LT

Leslie Thompson

Texas Tech University
NA
VB

Vikram Baliga

Texas Tech University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Foster 1

8:15am CDT

RHIZ - Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Root Architecture, Nutrient Uptake, and Anatomy in Aeroponically Grown Citrus Rootstocks
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Plastic pollution is an emerging concern for both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent studies, primarily focused on cereals and vegetable crops, have demonstrated that nanoplastics (NPs) can enter root tissues and translocate throughout the plant. However, the accumulation and impact of NPs in woody perennial crops, particularly citrus, remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the effects of green, fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) of two particle sizes (20 nm and 50 nm diameter) on citrus root development, nutrient uptake, and root anatomical features. ‘US-942’ citrus rootstock plants were grown under sterile aeroponic conditions and treated with PS-NPs for 15 and 30 days. Root system architecture traits, including total root length, surface area, and number of forks, were analyzed using WinRHIZO™ software. Concurrently, macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Mg, S, B, Fe, Cu, Mn) were assessed in plant tissues, and root anatomy was examined using fluorescence and light microscopy. Exposure to 20 nm PS-NPs significantly reduced total root length (–28%), surface area (–31%), and the number of root forks (–35%) at both timepoints compared to controls. Nutrient uptake was also adversely affected, with notable reductions in N, P, K, Mg, and several micronutrients. Microscopic analyses revealed that both PS-NP sizes were retained at the root surface, with no evidence of internalization or translocation into root tissues. However, alterations in epidermal and cortical cell layers suggested structural stress responses, despite the development of intact apoplastic barriers near root tips. These findings highlight the potential phytotoxic effects of PS-NPs on citrus, particularly at smaller particle sizes, and suggest that while internal uptake may be limited in woody perennials, surface-level interactions may disrupt root development and function. This study contributes to a growing understanding of nanoplastic interactions in horticultural tree crops and raises important questions regarding long-term impacts on soil-plant systems.
Speakers
KH

Khalid Hussain

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
JF

John-Paul Fox

University of Florida
LR

Lorenzo Rossi

Texas A
Dr. Rossi’s research program focuses on understanding the responses of horticultural crops to environmental stresses, with the goal of developing environmentally sound and effective management strategies. He is a horticulturist with expertise in plant stress physiology, plant biology... Read More →
XM

Xingmao Ma

Texas A
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Root Growth and Rhizosphere Dynamics

8:15am CDT

VSF 4 - Optimizing nursery practices for the production of grafted blueberry liners
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids) production in many regions of the world requires significant investments, including the use of soil amendments like pine bark. Prior research has identified V. arboreum as a potential rootstock which may reduce the need for costly soil inputs for growing southern highbush blueberries (SHB). Furthermore, use of V. arboreum as a blueberry rootstock may improve drought tolerance, increase plant longevity, confer tolerance to bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa), and make mechanical harvesting more feasible. However, V. arboreum propagation and grafting can be challenging. Thus, there is a critical need to develop nursery practices for the production of grafted blueberry liners. Preliminary observations suggest that interspecific hybrids of SHB × V. arboreum may have desirable rootstock characteristics like greater rooting success and wider scion compatibility than V. arboreum. This study aimed to identify optimal grafting practices by evaluating the effects of different grafting timings on subsequent plant development of SHB grafted onto SHB × V. arboreum hybrids and V. arboreum rootstocks. ‘Sentinel’ and ‘Albus’ SHB scion cultivars were grafted onto V. arboreum and hybrid rootstocks at four times in the year: February, March, September, and November. Scion takes and growth were evaluated. Grafting success and subsequent plant development were assessed using a bud development scale. Results showed that grafting in the spring improved scion development compared to fall grafting. Additionally, hybrid rootstocks exhibited greater compatibility with SHB scions than V. arboreum. The findings from this project will contribute to the optimization of nursery practices for producing grafted SHB nursery plants efficiently which is necessary for adoption of rootstock use in commercial blueberry production.
Speakers
VG

Valentina Goles

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
GN

Gerardo Nunez

University of Florida
JW

Jeffrey Williamson

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 11B

8:30am CDT

GG 3 - Global Distribution and Diversity of Phytophthora capsici Infecting a Broad Host Range Revealed by Mitochondrial Genes
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Phytophthora capsici is one of the top ten oomycete plant pathogens infecting a wide range of economically important crops. P. capsici was first reported to infect chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in New Mexico Agricultural Research Station in Las Cruces, NM, and is currently a major threat on chile pepper production worldwide. The pathogen affects multiple plant parts at all stages of growth leading to death and significant economic losses. The diseases caused by P. capsici are difficult to eliminate which can be attributed to its broad host range, complexity of the inheritance of disease resistance, its global distribution, and diversity of the pathogen population. This study aims to analyse global distribution and diversity of P. capsici isolates infecting different hosts including Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Capsicum annuum, Cucurbita maxima, Piper nigrum, Solanum lycopersicum, and Theobroma cacao by examining mitochondrial genes (secY, cox2, nad9, rps10) using Clustal Omega. Phylogenetic analyses based on different mitochondrial genes revealed diversity of P. capsici isolates. Based on secY, cox2, and nad9 genes, clustering patterns are found based on both the host from which they were isolated from and their geographical origin, while for rps10 gene, most of the isolates are found in one cluster. Notably, a separate analysis focusing on P. capsici isolates collected from C. annuum showed five isolates from South Korea (P15103, P1514, P15157, P15160, and P15161) clustered together, as did three isolates from New Mexico (P10199, P1091, and P3605). Similarly, isolates P10736 and P3941 from China, along with P15155 and P6741 from South Korea, consistently clustered together across all four genes analyzed. Future genetic diversity studies will include analysing the pangenome of P. capsici isolates from Texas, Florida, Arizona, Illinois, New Jersey, and New Mexico, USA; and screening of C. annuum recombinant inbred lines using different isolates with varying levels of virulence. Understanding genetic makeup of isolates may provide insights of their pathogenicity. Meanwhile, the results of screening of C. annuum recombinant inbred lines will aid in understanding the inheritance of disease resistance. Altogether, these approaches can contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable disease management strategies against P. capsici.
Speakers
JM

Jerlie Mhay Matres

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
DN

Dennis Nicuh Lozada

New Mexico State University
SN

Shahab Nourbakhsh

New Mexico State University
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 12B

8:30am CDT

HEMP - Can Induced Water-deficit Stress Act As a Catalyst For Maximizing Cannabis Sativa Production and Secondary Metabolite Levels?
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family and produces economically important secondary metabolites called cannabinoids. According to the literature, controlled or induced water-deficit stress can increase secondary metabolite concentration in some essential oil-producing plants. Therefore, induced water-deficit stress (DS) may be an effective technique to maximize cannabinoid yield. This study investigated how different frequencies of induced water-deficit stress during the flowering stage affect cannabinoid yield and cannabis development compared to well-irrigated controls. By exploring the optimal stress conditions conducive to maximizing cannabinoid production, our study aims to offer strategic insights to inform cultivation practices and optimize cannabinoid production. This research contributes to advancing our understanding of cannabis cultivation techniques and may ultimately enhance the efficiency and efficacy of cannabinoid production on a commercial scale. Our hypothesis posits that induced water-deficit stress enhances plant secondary metabolism by modulating physiological responses. The treatments consisted of four frequencies of water-deficit stress periods during the cannabis flowering stage: WS0 – no stress, WS1 – one period of water-deficit stress, WS2 – two periods of water-deficit stress, and WS3 – three periods of water-deficit stress. The experiment was conducted using clones of the Heidi cultivar, which were randomly placed in the controlled-environment growth units. Weekly plant parameters included plant height, stem diameter, NDVI, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and stomatal conductance. After-harvest parameters included biomass partitioning, yield mass, bucked biomass, trichome density, and cannabinoid and terpenes levels. This is an ongoing study, but the preliminary data analysis shows interesting results regarding higher trichome density with no penalty for bucked biomass in the treatments under one period of water-deficit stress (WS1).
Speakers
avatar for Jose Leme

Jose Leme

Assistant Professor, Southern Illinois University
The Cannabis Biology and Cultivation Systems lab focuses on areas of controlled environment agriculture, plant stress, secondary metabolites, nutraceutical/pharmaceutical biology, and growing practices. The research team aims to determine how to leverage environmental controls (light... Read More →
Co-authors
AA

Aldwin Anterola

Southern Illinois University
NA
DO

Dila Ozev

University of Bonn
NA
FD

Fardad Didaran

University of Tehran
NA
JW

Jennifer Weber

Southern Illinois University
NA
SS

Shiksha Sharma

Southern Illinois University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Foster 2

8:30am CDT

INPR - Biochemical Tug-of-War: Unraveling Resistance and Compensation in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Non-target-site herbicide resistance was evaluated in commercially available herbicides labeled for the management of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Seven treatments (T1: Control, T2: Flexstar (22.1%), T3: Buccaneer 5 Extra (53.8%), T4: Flexstar (5.88%) GT3.5 with Glyphosate (22.40%), T5: Defy LV-6 (88.4%): 2,4-D, T6: Enlist Duo (Glyphosate: 22.1% 2,4-D: 24.4%), and T7: Dicamba were applied at recommended rates. Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) activities were measured in leaf samples after 15 minutes of herbicide exposure. Glyphosate exhibited the highest GST activity, followed by Fomesafen > Fomesafen Glyphosate > 2,4-D > Dicamba > 2,4-D Glyphosate. Treatments with a single mode of action exhibited higher GST activity, while mixed-mode treatments showed lower GST levels. Interestingly, an inverse relationship between GST and GR activity was observed, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. When GST activity was low, GR activity increased, indicating that the plant may enhance glutathione regeneration through GR to sustain detoxification capacity and manage oxidative stress. This biochemical compensation could enable the plant to survive herbicide exposure, even when direct detoxification (via GST) is limited. Such adaptability might contribute to the gradual development of non-target-site resistance, as the plant's defense system finds alternative pathways to mitigate herbicidal damage. These findings highlight that herbicide with a single mode of action, which trigger higher GST activity, may accelerate resistance evolution. In contrast, mixed-mode herbicides, which induce lower GST activity and potentially limit compensatory responses, can slow the progression of resistance. Thus, diversified herbicide strategies are essential for sustainable and effective management of Palmer Amaranth.
Speakers
ND

Naveen Dixit

University of MD Eastern Shore
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 10
  Oral presentation, Invasive Plants Research

8:30am CDT

ORGH 3 - Aerate organic nutrient film technique (NFT) reservoir tank, not for the crop but for microorganisms
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Organic lettuce production in hydroponic systems often yields less than conventional production. A previous study from the lab found that organic nutrient film technique (NFT) system with Pre-Empt organic fertilizer contained high concentrations of nitrite ions, which likely induce stress and resulted in lower lettuce yield. To address this toxicity, we conducted a series of studies investigating the effect of reservoir aeration, with the hypothesis that aeration would enhance microbial mineralization of organic nitrogen and reduce the concentrations of phytotoxic compounds such as nitrite and ammonium. In the first study, we aerated NFT reservoir tanks with 15.9 mL/L (2 oz/gal) Pre-Empt organic fertilizer. Aeration increased dissolved oxygen (from 6.4 to 7.8 mg/L) and decreased the ratio of nitrite-nitrogen to nitrate-nitrogen (from 1.1 to 0.2) but did not affect ammonium. As a result, aeration increased yield of ‘Casey’ lettuce by 2.6 times. In the second study, aeration did not increase lettuce growth when the concentration of Pre-Empt fertilizer decreased to 10.6 mL/L (1.4 oz/gal). Furthermore, in the third study, we found cultivar-specific response to the aeration of organic fertilizer. These results suggested that aeration can enhance mineralization of organic nitrogen, reduce root-zone nitrite toxicity and increase lettuce yield at high fertilizer rates and potentially depending on cultivar.
Speakers
JL

Jun Liu

Texas A
Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 3
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA hatch project TEX07726

8:30am CDT

PUBHORT - Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Strengthen Extension Master Gardener Program Evaluation
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Extension Master Gardeners (EMGs) are volunteer educators trained by land-grant universities to teach their local communities about plants and gardening. While EMGs work on a variety of outreach projects, demonstration gardens are a popular project choice for Master Gardener volunteers. In Georgia alone, there are over 250 EMG projects associated with physical garden locations across the state. However, the geographic location of each garden site is not maintained in the state project database. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used to evaluate outreach programs in both public health and environmental sciences, but these techniques have not been applied to EMG programs. This project aimed to determine the location of active EMG demonstration gardens in Georgia using existing project database listings and reported volunteer activity from 2023-2024. Project sites were located using Google Earth keyword searches, and analysis was performed in R Statistical Software. Overall, most EMG garden projects in Georgia could be successfully located, but locatability varied across county programs. Geospatial analysis revealed that multiple garden projects are located outside of their managing program’s county, suggesting actual geographic reach of EMG programs in Georgia may be wider than previously estimated. Collecting and maintaining geographic data associated with EMG projects has many potential applications for program coordinators at local, state, and national levels. These applications include matching new volunteers with conveniently located projects, identifying underserved populations, and visualizing program reach for both public audiences and program stakeholders.
Speakers
AE

Alana Edwards

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Public Horticulture
  • Subject Public Horticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source University of Georgia Department of Horticulture

8:30am CDT

RHIZ - Safer Roots: Variation in root architectural adaptations in putatively low- and high lead-accumulating sweetpotato cultivars
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
The plant root system is vital for nutrient uptake and plays a significant role in abiotic stress adaptation and defense. In sweetpotato, optimum root system architecture (RSA) development determines storage root (SR) yield potential. Root architectural responses to simulated natural lead levels (Pb) during the establishment and SR formation phases were characterized in two sweetpotato cultivars with known contrasting storage root yield potentials. Cultivars ‘Bayou Belle’ (BB) and ‘Beauregard’ (BX) grown on sand substrate were provided with 0.5X Hoagland’s nutrient solution with varying levels of Pb: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg⋅L-1. The first experiment sampled entire root systems at 5, 10, and 15 days, corresponding to key adventitious and SR development stages. The cultivars varied in RSA attributes in response to Pb levels. In contrast to the cultivar BB, BX provided with 10 mg⋅L-1 Pb showed 83%, 21%, and 15% increases in main root length relative to the untreated controls at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. The cultivar BB consistently showed increased lateral root number and length relative to BX across all treatment levels. A second experiment was performed to produce SR samples at 50 days. The cultivar BX accumulated a 200- and 300-fold increase in Pb in SR at 20 and 30 mg⋅L-1 Pb, respectively, relative to BB storage roots at similar Pb levels. There were no differences in Pb accumulation across treatment levels in the cultivar BB. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that increased root mass was associated with low accumulation of Pb and provide a basis for incorporating RSA traits in selecting Pb-tolerant cultivars.
Speakers
avatar for Mae Ann Bravo

Mae Ann Bravo

Graduate Student Assistant, Louisiana State University
Co-authors
AV

Arthur Villordon

LSU Agcenter
BT

Brenda Tubana

Louisiana State University
NA
DL

Don La Bonte

Louisiana State Univ
NA
JB

Jack Baricuatro

Louisiana State University at Shreveport
NA
LA

Lisa Arce

Louisiana State University
MB

Marissa Barbosa

Lousiana State University
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Root Growth and Rhizosphere Dynamics

8:30am CDT

VSF 4 - Metabolic alterations and the role of ethylene in regulating ripening in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei)
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Blueberry fruit are rich in antioxidants and have become popular due to their numerous health benefits. In many fruits, a significant metabolic shift in carbon metabolism during fruit ripening leads to an increase in sugars, decrease in acids and accumulation of anthocyanins. The alterations in metabolic programs during fruit ripening in blueberry remain uncharacterized. Further, the role of ethylene in metabolic reprograming during blueberry ripening has not been studied. We quantified sugars, acids, anthocyanins and determined the expression of genes related to their metabolism. This study revealed that sucrose import into the fruit continues throughout ripening, with a corresponding increase in glucose and fructose. The transcript abundance of SUCROSE SYNTHASE and NEUTRAL INVERTASE was detected, suggesting sucrose catabolism in the cytosol. The high transcript abundance of VACUOLAR INVERTASE suggested that this gene plays a predominant role in sequestration of glucose and fructose in the vacuole. Malate and quinate were the major acids that displayed a decrease in concentration during ripening. The expression of MALATE DEHYDROGENASE and high transcript abundance of PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE suggested conversion of malate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) during ripening. One of the potential fates of PEP, the generation of shikimate for anthocyanin production, was supported by the upregulation of multiple anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Further, applications of ethephon and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, suggested that ethylene transiently stimulates sugar, acid and anthocyanin metabolism. This indicated ethylene is important for ripening initiation in blueberry. Overall, this study provided insights into metabolic programs, and the role of ethylene during blueberry ripening.
Speakers
SN

Savithri Nambeesan

University of Georgia
Co-authors
TP

Tej Prasad Acharya

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 11B

8:30am CDT

TOUR 4 - City Garden Tour
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 12:00pm CDT
Friday, August 1, 2025 from 8:30 AM - 12:00 PM
New Orleans City Garden Tour

Graduate and Undergraduate Member: $28
Non-Student Price: $38 (based on availability)
Advance registration is required.
Tickets are non-refundable.

Depart Hyatt Regency New Orleans 8:30 am
Welcome to the New Orlean’s City Garden Tour! Take a leisurely stroll through the New Orleans Garden district, highlighting the city’s unique multi-cultural influences and southern charm. Come with us through a tour of the New Orlean’s Botanic Garden, with its exotic plant conservatory, Art Deco design influences, and enchanting sculpture garden. Afterwards, enjoy a moment of quiet as we explore the Historic Oak Grove of City Park that has stood the test of time, with its 500-year-old Live Oaks. Join us in admiring this hub of American history!

Sponsoring Professional Interest Groups:
Graduate/Undergraduate Student Interest Group
Friday August 1, 2025 8:30am - 12:00pm CDT
Tour

8:45am CDT

GG 3 - Transcriptomic Analysis of Powdery Mildew Response Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes in Susceptible and Tolerant Bigleaf Hydrangea Cultivars
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is an economically important ornamental shrub produced worldwide for the floral trade, as a container crop, and as a landscape plant. Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Golovinomyces orontii, is a widespread disease of bigleaf hydrangea impacting production and salability of plants. However, mechanisms of resistance to PM of bigleaf hydrangea are still largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate whole-plant response to PM infection and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that contribute to the PM disease response in bigleaf hydrangea. Mature plants of four cultivars (‘Blushing Bride’, ‘Endless Summer’, ‘Nigra’, and ‘Veitchii’) were chosen based on their variable responses to natural PM infection. Powdery mildew was collected by harvesting naturally infected leaves from field plants and applied via spray inoculation averaging ~20ml per plant, with inoculum rate being 1 x 104 CFUmL-1, to six replicate plants per cultivar; one plant per cultivar was sprayed with water as a control. Whole plant response (% of plant tissue infected) was measured visually on a scale of 0-100% disease severity weekly starting from 29 Nov 2023 to 14 Feb 2024 and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Plant tissue was sampled at 12 different time points, from 1 hour after inoculation (HAI) to 5 days after inoculation (DAI) using a leaf disc puncher and immediately flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. RNA was extracted using a Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini kit and sequenced using NovaSeq. Adapters were removed from raw reads using fastp (0.23.4) and trimmed reads were aligned to the ‘Endless Summer’ reference genome using STAR (2.7.11b). STAR bam files were sorted with samtools (1.21) and featurecounts (2.0.6) was used for the gene model counting. DESeq was used to identify DEGs between ‘Veitchii’ and ‘Nigra’. There were significant differences among cultivars for AUDPC, with disease severity ranging between 7.7 and 19.2%. Bigleaf hydrangea ‘Nigra’ and ‘Endless Summer’ were the most susceptible to PM infection and ‘Veitchii’ the most tolerant. There were 11,629 DEGs total with 6,145 upregulated compared to ‘Veitchii’ and 5,484 downregulated compared to ‘Nigra’. DEGs were sorted by their P-adjust value followed by the Log 2-fold change. Many of the top 25 strongest DEGs include genes for plant stress such as serine threonine-protein kinase, PAN_AP, and leucine-rich repeat family proteins. These genes are currently being tested for expression levels among bigleaf hydrangea cultivars.
Speakers
avatar for Lisa Alexander

Lisa Alexander

Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS U.S. National Arboretum
Co-authors
CJ

Christina Jennings

Tennessee State University
NA
FB

Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Tennessee State University
NA
MS

Margaret Staton

University of Tennessee
NA
RK

Ryan Kuster

University of Tennessee
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 12B

8:45am CDT

HEMP - Beyond Static Spectrum: The Promises and Pitfalls of Dynamic Lighting for Cannabis Cultivation
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Dynamic lighting has recently evolved from theoretical research to commercial viability. As the cannabis industry faces increasing margin pressure, optimization techniques that enhance product quality while maintaining cost efficiency are essential for cultivation. But is dynamic lighting a silver bullet for enhanced cannabis cultivation? In this session Dr. Hawley will present research on UV, blue, red, and far-red light as it pertains to cannabis inflorescence quality and yield. New results will be presented that will inform how growers light their crops to maintain or exceed their current quality and yield while improving their lighting efficacy by 15% and reducing their lighting operational costs by 19%.
Speakers
DH

David Hawley

Fluence
In his role as Fluence’s Principal Scientist, Dr. David Hawley steers the company’s global Cannabis Crop Sciences program, encompassing photobiological research, data analytics, and cultivation consultation. Fluence’s research has identified specific and diverse lighting strategies... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Foster 2

8:45am CDT

ORGH 3 - Paving the Way to Certified Naturally Grown Certification
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
As environmental concerns grow, the horticultural sector is increasingly encouraged to adopt sustainable production practices. Certified Naturally Grown (CNG), established in 2002, offers a peer-reviewed certification rooted in organic principles and aims to foster a strong community network for small-scale producers. This research documents the process of certifying previously unmanaged farmland through the CNG program, offering research-based insights for growers considering certification. The project began with the revitalization of an overgrown, neglected field, focusing first on soil improvement and field preparation to support sustainable crop production. To build soil health and fertility, we planted both summer and fall/winter cover crop mixtures, which helped improve nutrient cycling and restore organic matter. In addition to soil improvement, we developed an integrated pest management (IPM) protocol tailored to our production system and selected OMRI-listed products to meet fertilization, pest, and disease control needs in compliance with CNG standards. To support certification, we also established a record-keeping system to document field activities, input usage, and compliance measures. Finally, we created postharvest handling protocols aligned with CNG principles to help ensure both food safety and product quality from field to market. Soil testing has shown an improvement in soil organic matter, plant-available soil nutrients, and an increase in soil microbial biomass. These gains reflect an improvement in overall soil health and provide a strong foundation for sustainable crop production. Ultimately, this project highlights the planning and steps required for successful CNG certification. The educational tools we create will serve as a guide for producers transitioning to CNG, equipping them with the knowledge to implement sustainable and resilient farming practices.
Speakers
SM

Shelby Mendoza

Oklahoma State University
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 11A

8:45am CDT

PUBHORT - Computer Vision-Based Study on the Distribution of Blueberry Fruits Across Canopy Zones
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) production has been expanding globally, driven by its unique flavor and numerous health benefits. With increasing demand, it is essential to implement techniques aimed at improving yield in commercial blueberry fields. The distribution of blueberries across the canopy profile is a key factor linked to several management aspects, including the efficiency of mechanical harvesting, pest control strategies, and overall fruit quality. Understanding fruit distribution within the canopy is essential to optimize machine calibration, apply precision agriculture techniques for pest management, and incorporate technologies that enhance fruit quality and maximize production by reducing losses caused by uneven vertical distribution. This study aimed to determine the vertical distribution of blueberry fruits using RGB images and the YOLOv8s model. Data was collected from a commercial Southern Highbush blueberry field in Homerville, GA. Using a cellphone camera, a total of 200 images were collected from 40 plant samples, with each plant photographed from the top to the base at a consistent angle. The images were annotated and classified according to the fruit’s position on the plant (upper, middle, or lower third). The YOLOv8s model was trained on the labeled images and evaluated using standard metrics, including precision, recall, and Intersection over Union (IoU). The dataset was divided into 70% for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing, over 200 training epochs. The final outputs consisted of annotated images, performance metrics, and a summary table showing the number of plants analyzed and fruit concentration by canopy zone. Using the YOLOv8s model, we successfully mapped the spatial distribution of blueberry fruits across different canopy zones (upper, middle, and lower thirds). The model achieved moderate to high accuracy metrics, demonstrating good performance in fruit detection and localization. These results indicate the model's potential for practical field applications, although performance could be further enhanced by expanding the dataset and incorporating additional training cycles. Future work aims to test the model across different blueberry varieties and integrate it into a user-friendly web platform. These findings highlight the feasibility of using deep learning tools to support data-driven management decisions in commercial blueberry production systems.
Speakers
avatar for Regimar dos Santos

Regimar dos Santos

University of Georgia
Bachelor's degree in agronomic engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil at 2021. Master's degree in plant production with an emphasis on computational intelligence in genetic improvement at 2022, with a doctorate in progress at the state university of... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Foster 1

8:45am CDT

RHIZ - RNA-sequencing of Two Southern Pea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivars Identifies Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways Involved in Aluminum Toxicity Tolerance
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Cowpea is an excellent crop for growers with small-to-medium farms and marginal lands prevalent throughout the southeast, but a thorough understanding of its response and tolerance to aluminum toxicity is lacking. This study characterized the transcriptome of two cowpea varieties, the tolerant Mississippi Pinkeye 2 Purple Hull (MSP2PH) and sensitive White Acre (WA), using RNA sequencing 6, 24, and 48 hours after treatment with 50µM AlCl3. RNA integrity number (RIN) scores of all samples were above 9.0 indicating high-quality, and the total number of reads from each sample ranged from about 20,000,000 – 60,000,000. Sample groups clustered by variety, treatment, and time point after principal component analysis. A threshold of 1 log-fold change (logFC) and a false-positive discovery rate of p ≤ 0.01 was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for all comparisons. The number of DEGs between plants of the same variety under control and aluminum-toxic conditions at 6, 24, and 48 hours after treatment were 308, 385, and 173 for MSP2PH and 935, 1029, and 1208 for WA. 12 and 58 of these DEGs were detected across all three time points for MSP2PH and WA, respectively. Among DEGs between MSP2PH and WA that were unique under aluminum treatment there were 401, 613, and 623 at 6, 24, and 48 hours, respectively, with 58 across all time points. The number of common DEGs detected that were unique between MSP2PH samples under aluminum and control and those between MSP2PH and WA under aluminum only were 24, 67, and 19 after 6, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. Furthermore, three DEGs across all time points were detected using these criteria, and all were up-regulated in MSP2PH. One of these genes is annotated as a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase, which are well-known to regulators of aluminum-toxicity response and tolerance. Arabidopsis homologues for corresponding genes from different up- and down-regulated DEG sets were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis. The number of enriched genes categorized into specific GO terms varied by time point, treatment, and variety. The number of transcription factors up- and down-regulated from specific transcription factor families were also evaluated for select comparisons and showed similar variability. These findings provide insights into expression pathways involved in aluminum toxicity tolerance and response while providing candidate genes that may be used to develop aluminum-tolerant cultivars.
Speakers
MC

Max C. Miller II

Tennessee State University
Co-authors
MW

Matthew W. Blair

Tennessee State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 12A

8:45am CDT

VSF 4 - Genetic Approaches for Fast-Track Breeding of Blueberry and Grapevine: Strategies, Potentials, and Challenges
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Conventional breeding of woody fruit crops through hybridization is more time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly than breeding annual plants, primarily due to their prolonged juvenile phase before flowering. Over the past two decades, significant efforts have been made to accelerate woody plant breeding, also known as as FasTrack breeding, by shortening juvenility using cutting-edge technologies. One key strategy involves genetic engineering of flowering pathway genes, particularly members of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1). Constitutive expression of FT or knockout/knockdown of TFL1 has proven effective in inducing early flowering. These approaches have successfully enabled FasTrack breeding in blueberry (Vaccinium cormbosum) and plum (Prunus domestica). In this presentation, I will share our success in blueberry FasTrack breeding and discuss recent progress in applying this strategy to grapevine (Vitis vinifera). More recently, we have developed FasTrack breeding blueberry (Vaccinium cormbosum) and made significant progress in applying this strategy to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) though FT overexpression and TFL1 gene editing.
Speakers
GS

Guo-qing Song

Michigan State University
Co-authors
GZ

Gan-yuan Zhong

USDA-ARS
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 11B

9:00am CDT

GG 3 - Identification of resistance in tomato cultivars against Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV) and Horse Nettle Virus
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Tomato is one of the economically important agricultural crops worldwide. Approximately 80% of tomatoes are consumed fresh, while 20% are used in various processed food products. The tomato production in the United States (US) contribute and $2.8 billion to the national economy annually. However, virus infections are a major threat to tomato production and fruit quality. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) which was reported in 2014 and has spread in more than 50 countries since then, is a highly infectious and stable Tobamovirus spreads mechanically and can stay on a surface for weeks. Its ability to overcome existing resistance genes in tomato is the main concern, emphasizing the urgent need to identify tolerance or resistance in tomatoes cultivars. Besides this, horse nettle virus A (HNVA), recently reported to infect tomatoes in Oklahoma was previously limited to a weed named horse nettle (Solanum carolinense), and exhibits a concerning host shift, causing symptoms such as curling, cupping, and brown discoloration of leaves in tomatoes plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate commercially cultivated tomato cultivars in the US for resistance against both ToBRFV and HNVA. The tomato seedlings were inoculated mechanically with ToBRFV and HNVA and were observed and scored weekly at 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-days post-inoculation (dpi) on a severity scale of 0 to 3 where 0,1, 2, and 3 correspond to no symptoms, mild, mildly severe and severe symptoms respectively. At 28 dpi, representative plants were tested using virus-specific RT-PCR assays to confirm systemic infection. The findings suggest that there are no resistant cultivars against ToBRFV while there are some showing tolerance based on the symptom severity scores. For HNVA, 22 cultivars have been screened so far and were mostly tolerant but not resistant. These results provide insights into the interaction of these emerging viruses with widely grown tomato cultivars and help us to identify tolerant cultivars to inform the growers and the variation in disease severity which would be valuable for breeders to guide future breeding strategies aimed at ToBRFV and HNVA resistance.
Speakers
JS

Jasmine Sidhu

The University of Tulsa
Co-authors
AA

Akhtar Ali

The University of Tulsa
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Genetics and Germplasm 3

9:00am CDT

ORGH 3 - Targeting Challenges in the Transition to Organic Production with Educational Solutions
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Momentum for sustainable and organic farming remains strong, driven by concerns for environmental stewardship, health, and social responsibility. As of the 2022 USDA Organic Certified Survey, the number of certified organic operations in the United States grew to 18,263, covering 5,083,623 acres. However, Mississippi continues to have a limited presence, with only 5 certified specialty crop operations as per the USDA Organic Integrity Database. Building on our initial findings, this year’s research continues to investigate the motivations and barriers producers face when adopting organic principles. In year two, we expanded the reach of our survey, pushing the 43-question instrument into all 50 states with the assistance of our partners. The survey remains focused on key challenges including social, environmental, and technical concerns. The core themes from year one—environmental consciousness, financial constraints, and the knowledge-implementation gap—remain prevalent, but we have also observed evolving trends in the responses. Producers continue to cite environmental and market motivations as key drivers. They emphasize the benefits of education on the producer and consumer level as a potential solution. Financial challenges remain a significant barrier, with many producers expressing concerns about the high costs of transition and the economic uncertainty during the process. New insights have emerged regarding the growing role of social networks and community support in facilitating the adoption of organic practices, suggesting that social capital may help mitigate some of the technical and financial challenges producers face. Our case study of a beginning farmer in Calhoun City, Mississippi, highlighted valuable insights into the specific challenges faced by farmers in a region where organic practices are still uncommon. It also highlighted the importance of bridging the knowledge gap and improving support systems for producers. The insights and data garnered have been used to develop a regional database of interested producers. These growers are helping refine recommendations and contribute to the development of targeted programs aimed at supporting the transition to organics including conferences, publication, and other educational efforts. These ongoing experiences continue to guide our understanding of the complexities of transitioning to organic agriculture, offering real-world examples that complement the survey data. As we move forward, we are also exploring how farmers' willingness to adopt organic practices evolves over time and how external factors may influence their decisions. This ongoing research plays a crucial role in advancing the transition to organic certification, ensuring producers are supported in their effort to pursue sustainable practices.
Speakers
BB

Brenton Breland

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
CC

Christine Coker

Mississippi State University
RS

Ronald Stephenson

Plant Sciences Hall
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 3
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source USDA AMS

9:00am CDT

VSF 4 - Plant Growth and Fruit Quality Assessment of Two Promising Maypop (Passiflora incarnata) Cultivars, ‘PinkPop’ and ‘SnowPop’ in Kentucky
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Maypop (Passiflora incarnata) is a perennial vine native to North America, valued for its tropical fruit flavor, adaptability, and resilience to cold and drought. Unlike Passiflora edulis (Passion fruit), which thrives only in tropical and subtropical climates, Maypop has potential as a high-value fruit crop for temperate regions. In addition to its edible fruit, its leaves and flowers have medicinal applications, and its seed oil is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, making it valuable for cosmetic and therapeutic use. This study evaluated the performance of two Maypop cultivars, ‘PinkPop’ and ‘SnowPop,’ in a field trial at Kentucky State University’s Harold R. Benson Research Farm. A randomized complete block design was used to assess plant growth, fruit yield, fruit quality, and seed characteristics in 2024. Fruits from a wild relative were also analyzed for comparison. Preliminary results showed no significant difference in plant height (~86 cm) and stem diameter (~5.5 mm) between cultivars in June. ‘SnowPop’ produced more fruits and had higher yield than ‘PinkPop,’ though the difference was not statistically significant. However, ‘PinkPop’ produced significantly heavier fruits (30.8 g) compared to ‘SnowPop’ (26.09 g), while both had a similar average fruit diameter (~36 mm). The wild relative produced comparatively larger fruits (45.92 g, 55.67 mm diameter). Soluble solids content was comparable between ‘PinkPop’ (13.6° Brix) and ‘SnowPop’ (12.9° Brix), whereas the wild relative had significantly lower Brix (6.6°). Seed analysis indicated that ‘PinkPop’ had more and heavier seeds per fruit, contributing to a higher edible pulp content, while ‘SnowPop’ had fewer seeds, making it potentially more desirable for fresh consumption and processing. Overall, both cultivars demonstrated strong potential for commercial cultivation in Kentucky, and their traits, along with those of the wild relative, highlight opportunities for breeding programs to develop improved Maypop cultivars with enhanced fruit quality.
Speakers
avatar for Srijana Thapa Magar

Srijana Thapa Magar

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
DS

Dipesh Shrestha

Kentucky State University
NA
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 11B

9:00am CDT

ASHS Presidential Address and Annual Business Meeting
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire CD

9:15am CDT

VSF 4 - Molecular Marker Resources for Breeding Heat-tolerant Blueberries
Friday August 1, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are small fruit crops native to North America but grown commercially in several countries worldwide. Blueberries are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions and prolonged heat waves. High temperatures pose a significant challenge for developing strategies for enhancing crop resilience and food security. As blueberry is a recently domesticated crop, the availability of genomic resources is minimal for accelerating climate-resilient blueberry breeding programs, especially for heat stress tolerance. Previously, we identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with heat-tolerant traits in blueberries. In this study, we developed 96 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker assays and 10 Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) markers for heat tolerance-associated SNPs. KASP assays were screened on 384 plants comprising diploid and tetraploid intercross derivatives, cultivars, and wild germplasm. We found a high level of heterozygosity for these markers. A principal component analysis of the genotype data differentiated wild accessions and hybrids, whereas tetraploid derivatives and cultivars formed a single cluster. A diverse panel of 42 accessions was evaluated under controlled high-temperature conditions (40 °C for 4 days) in a separate study. Physiological responses to heat stress were quantified by measuring leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content (an indicator of oxidative membrane damage) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to assess photosystem II efficiency. Cultivars varied in stress response: heat-tolerant genotypes accumulated significantly less MDA and sustained higher photochemical efficiency than sensitive ones. Five CAPS markers showed substantial allele-associated differences in MDA levels, effectively distinguishing tolerant vs. sensitive groups. Cluster analysis based on the CAPS genotypes further separated cultivars according to genetic background (highbush vs. rabbiteye), revealing the known heat-resilient cultivars (often with wild Vaccinium ancestry) grouped together. These findings highlight robust marker–trait associations between SNP-derived CAPS markers and heat-tolerance indicators. Upon further validation in diverse germplasm, the newly developed markers will facilitate breeding heat-tolerant blueberry cultivars.
Speakers
KM

kalpalatha Melmaiee

Delaware State University
Co-authors
KP

Krishnanand P. Kulkarni

Delaware State University
NA
RK

Richmond K. Appiah

Delaware State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 4
  • Subject Viticulture and Small Fruits
  • Funding Source The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-NIFA-CBG) awards 2022-38821-37298 and 2023-38821-39921

9:30am CDT

VSF 4 - Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Omics-Based Discovery of Cytotoxic Agents in Muscadine Seeds
Friday August 1, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Muscadine grape seeds are a rich source of polyphenols with known health benefits, yet the specific compounds responsible for their anticancer effects remain poorly understood. This study investigates the cytotoxic potential of muscadine seed metabolites against African American triple-negative breast cancer using an integrated OMICS approach combining genomics, metabolomics, cytotoxicity assays, HPLC, gene expression profiling, molecular modeling, and statistical analysis. Among 1,781 metabolites identified by LC/MS-MS, we identified three compounds that exhibited the strongest anticancer activity by targeting Eph receptor signaling, cell proliferation, and inducing apoptosis. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of muscadine seed phytochemicals and support their development as functional food components or leads for targeted cancer therapies.
Friday August 1, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Strand 11B

9:45am CDT

Coffee Break
Friday August 1, 2025 9:45am - 10:15am CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 9:45am - 10:15am CDT
Empire AB

9:59am CDT

POM 3 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 9:59am - 10:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
FN

Franz Niederholzer

University of California Cooperative Extension
Friday August 1, 2025 9:59am - 10:00am CDT
Foster 2

10:00am CDT

2026 International Horticultural Congress in Kyoto Japan
Friday August 1, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Overview of 2026 International Horticultural Congress in Kyoto Japan
Speakers
MO

Masafumi Omori

Kyoto University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Hort Theater

10:00am CDT

POM 3 - Phosphorus Uptake and Partitioning in Young Peach Trees
Friday August 1, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient required for growth. However, it is a finite natural resource that can cause environmental issues when overused in agriculture. Due to challenging soil relationships, the availability and uptake of P can be challenging to predict. Furthermore, soil tests can be misleading for guiding management decisions regarding P fertilizer applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil P levels on the uptake and partitioning of P in young peach trees. We planted a new peach orchard at the Musser Fruit Research Center near Clemson, SC. This orchard contained a widely variable range of P in the soil. Representative trees were removed in August and January and all plant parts were subjected to P analysis. Soil test P levels had no clear relationship with total plant P uptake or partitioning patterns and are likely a poor reference point for P fertilizer management decisions in peach orchards.
Speakers
avatar for Noah Willsea

Noah Willsea

Clemson University
Co-authors
JC

Juan Carlos Melgar

Clemson University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 3

10:00am CDT

Complimentary Seated Massage
Friday August 1, 2025 10:00am - 1:00pm CDT
Take a moment to relax and recharge with a complimentary seated massage in the exhibit hall! Offered exclusively to conference attendees, this refreshing experience is available on a first-come, first-served basis, so be sure to stop by early. Whether you need a quick escape from the hustle and bustle or a moment to unwind between sessions, our skilled massage therapists will help melt away tension—leaving you refreshed, reenergized, and ready to make the most of your time at the conference. Don't miss out on this perfect opportunity to treat yourself!
Friday August 1, 2025 10:00am - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

10:14am CDT

CE 7 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AP

Abby Pace

Cornell University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 11B

10:14am CDT

CHMG 2 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 12A

10:14am CDT

PH 4 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Foster 1

10:14am CDT

VCM 6 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
JW

Jordan White

Washington State University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 11A

10:15am CDT

CE 7- Tomato Germination and Seedling Growth in Response to Plasma Activated Water (PAW)
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Plasma activated water (PAW) is produced when plasma generated by high-voltage discharge is delivered to an atmospheric gas and interacts with water to create a new solution containing reactive species. The resulting water contains nitrate nitrogen (ca. 20-176 ppm N), small amounts of nitrite and ammonium, as well as reactive oxygen species. The benefits of PAW use for agricultural crops can include improved germination, increased seedling vigor and health, resistance to pests and disease, an alternative nitrogen source, and an overall improved plant health and yield. However, further research is needed to understand the characteristics of PAW, PAW shelf-life stability, crop specific PAW application and timing, and its overall effects in plant production. Our overall objective is to determine if PAW can enhance plant quality/yield in organic greenhouse tomato production. Studies were conducted to evaluate tomato germination and seedling growth in response to PAW application. A study was conducted to evaluate if germination of tomato seeds and subsequent growth in seedling trays with container media is affected when soaked prior to seeding with plasma water or tap water for three, six, or 12 hours. The study was replicated four times over time, with each replicate lasting for 15 days. Data was collected on daily germination, weekly heights and widths, and fresh mass, dry mass, and leaf area at harvest. Most seed treatments for 6 or 12 hours, regardless of water treatment, enhanced germination on day 5 and day 6 compared to control. However, by final harvest at day 15 there were no significant differences between treatments and control. Our second phase of research evaluated PAW application during organic tomato seedling production stage. Seedlings were treated with a drench of 4 mL per cell of different PAW sources generated for 5, 10, 30, or 60 minutes for a total of three applications every three days. On day 7, 30-minute PAW had significantly greater germination counts compared to the control. At final harvest on day 22 60-minute PAW had significantly greater fresh mass, dry mass, and leaf area compared to the control. In conclusion, a pre-seed soaking treatment for 12 hours is recommended for earlier germination and a drench application of PAW generated at a duration of 60 minutes is recommended for greater seedling growth. Further research includes PAW application timing and frequency and its carry-over effects in tomato crops grown to fruiting.
Speakers
AP

Abby Pace

Cornell University
Co-authors
NM

Neil Mattson

Cornell Unviersity
NA
NS

Nicholas S. Kaczmar

Cornell Unviersity
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 11B

10:15am CDT

CHMG 2 - Smart Landscaping for a Sustainable Future: Extension Education for Homeowners
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Florida faces significant environmental challenges due to population growth and the widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides. Key concerns include water contamination from lawn and landscape chemicals, soil erosion, and the loss of biodiversity and wildlife habitat. Home landscapes offer a valuable opportunity to implement sustainable practices that conserve water, reduce chemical inputs, recycle yard waste, prevent erosion, and support local wildlife. The University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Extension provides residents with research-based recommendations to promote sustainable landscaping. In 2024, the UF/IFAS Extension Hillsborough County residential horticulture program educated 1,477 residents on these practices. A six-month follow-up survey (n=55) revealed that participants adopted various sustainable strategies: 78% replaced high-maintenance plants with low-maintenance alternatives, 86% selected plants suited to site conditions, 51% used rain gauges to monitor rainfall, 66% applied a 2-3" layer of organic mulch, 76% enhanced landscapes with plants or water sources to attract wildlife, 88% opted for less toxic pesticides, 49% started composting, and 50% maintained a 10-foot no-treatment zone near water bodies. These changes contribute to reducing stormwater runoff and nutrient leaching, leading to cleaner water bodies and improved environmental health. The success of these educational programs highlights the impact of extension efforts in fostering sustainable landscapes and protecting Florida’s natural resources.
Speakers
TS

Tia Silvasy

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 12A

10:15am CDT

PH 4 - Sensory and Quality Assessment of Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberry Genotypes
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Rabbiteye blueberries (RE; V. virgatum A.) are perceived to have poor fruit quality compared to southern highbush (SHB; V. corymbosum L). Comprehensive quality assessments of RE genotypes during storage are scarce. To understand fruit quality differences firmness, general composition and phytonutrient contents in 5 RE (‘Brightwell’, ‘Vernon’, ‘MS1110R’, ‘T-3072’ and ‘T-3075’) and 1 SHB (‘Legacy’) genotype were evaluated. Fruit harvested from E.V. Smith Research Center (Tallassee, AL) were stored at 4°C at 85% relative humidity. Measurements were taken on days 0 and 14 (0d and 14d) in storage. Firmness was measured using a FruitFirm1000 (g/mm). Soluble solids content (SSC, °Brix), titratable acidity (Tacid) and pH were assayed. Total anthocyanins (mg/g), phenolics (mg/100g), and DPPH antioxidant capacity (mM/100g) were quantitated via UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Days in storage*genotype were significant in firmness, Tacid, pH, anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidants. ‘T-3072’ had the highest firmness (0d; 289.97 g/mm) compared to ‘MS1110R’ (0d; 130.61 g/mm). ‘Vernon’ (0d; 0.66) had the highest Tacid while ‘Legacy’ (0d; 0.34) was lowest. Conversely, pH was highest in ‘Legacy’ (0d; 3.68) and lowest in ‘T-3075’ (0d; 3.12). Anthocyanins and antioxidants were highest in ‘MS1110R’ on 0d (28.62 mg/g and 29.59 mM/100g) and phenolics were highest in ‘Brightwell’ after 2 weeks of storage (426.97 mg/100g). Genotype differences indicated SSC was highest in ‘Brightwell’ (16.19) compared to ‘Legacy’ (12.03). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed on 0d and 14d among the genotypes to better determine how composition changed during storage. PCA indicated ‘Legacy’ clearly separated from the RE genotypes and was negatively correlated to firmness and all composition and nutritional traits. HCA determined three clusters of interest with similar genotype characteristics from 0d to 14d. In cluster I, ‘T-3072’ and ‘T-3075’ maintained moderate to enhanced firmness. ‘Legacy’ had consistently suppressed SSC and Tacid (Cluster II). While ‘Brightwell’ and ‘MS1110R’ had enhanced anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidants (Cluster III). Reduced SSC and Tacid are associated with lower perceived sweetness and sourness. RE genotypes demonstrated higher SSC and enhanced nutritional content, making them appealing for health-conscious consumers. Sensory analysis on 4 RE and 2 SHB genotypes will be conducted utilizing a trained panel to determine differences in sweetness, sourness, texture and aroma. We expect analyzing sensory data with physicochemical assays will further provide insightful information helpful in developing acceptable RE genotypes with preferred flavor and texture.
Speakers
CC

Clarisse Cochran-Chipura

Auburn University
Co-authors
EC

Elina Coneva

Auburn University
MT

Marlee Trandel Hayse

Auburn University
SC

Sungeun Cho

Auburn University
NA
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Foster 1

10:15am CDT

POM 3 - Understanding the Role of Nutrient Leaching in Young Peach Trees: Implications for Growth and Development in Orchard Man
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Nutrient leaching remains a significant environmental concern due to its adverse effects on soil quality, groundwater contamination, human health, and the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. The urgency of addressing this issue has escalated with the increasing frequency and intensity of climate variability and extreme weather events, which exacerbate nutrient losses from agricultural systems. For this study, three peach cultivars (Prunus persica L.), including 'Crimson Joy', 'Liberty Joy', and 'Rich Joy', were planted at Auburn University's Research and Extension Center in Chilton, Clanton, Alabama, on February 23, 2024, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four blocks. Each block consists of 9 peach trees, totaling 36 trees. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of nutrient leaching on the growth of three distinct young peach cultivars, using recommended fertilization rate (by The Southeastern peach guide). A soil sampling method is used to compare the nutrient levels at selected depths. The soil depths are 25.4 and 50.8 cm within and 76.2 and 101.6 cm below the peach tree root zone. The collected soil samples are analyzed for Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-N (mg/kg)), Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N (mg/kg)) and pH. Additionally, the young peach trees are assessed by measuring plant height (cm), trunk cross-sectional area (cm2) and annual leaf nitrogen analysis (%). The preliminary results of this study, which is still in progress indicate that both depth and cultivar significantly influence NH4-N concentrations over time, while rainfall events and cultivar interactions affect NO3-N leaching dynamics. Although pH levels changed, they did not differ statistically. Each cultivar exhibited TCSA increases and height growth, with all cultivars maintaining leaf nitrogen levels within the optimum range. This study will help the Alabama peach growers to understand the impacts of nutrient leaching and utilize better alternatives that can help to not only get maximum profit economically but also ensure that the environment is safe and sound for the current and future generations.
Speakers
WN

Winfred Nziku

Auburn University
Co-authors
AG

Audrey Gamble

Auburn University
NA
BC

Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba

Auburn University
NA
DC

Dario Chavez

University of Georgia
NA
EV

Edgar Vinson

Auburn University
JC

Juan Carlos Melgar

Clemson University
NA
MR

Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez

Auburn University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 3

10:15am CDT

VCM 6 - Assessing sweetpotato growth response to growing degree days in western Washington
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Studies in the Northeast United States and Canada have shown that sweetpotato yield can be comparable to the national average when grown with black plastic mulch. Western Washington has a diversity of microclimates, from the Pacific Coast to the Cascade Mountains, and assessing yield in response to growing degree days (GDD) will help growers determine if soil warming strategies are needed to achieve acceptable yield. This experiment was carried out in Mount Vernon, WA in 2024 and is being repeated in 2025. The experimental design was a split-split plot: the main plot treatment was bare soil and black polyethylene mulch (25.4 µm); the split plot treatment was cultivar, Covington and Cascade; and the split-split plot treatment was harvest date, every two weeks from 8 weeks after transplanting (WAT) to 18 WAT to assess root growth in response to accumulated GDDs. The experiment included 4 replications with 10 plants per plot, and raised beds with drip irrigation. Soil temperature was measured at 15-min intervals with sensors installed in both the mulch and bare soil plots. GDDs were calculated at two base temperatures, 10°C and 15.5°C, as both are reported in the literature. In 2024, for bare soil and plastic mulch treatments at base temperature 10°C, GDDs were 528 and 667 at 8 WAT (29 July), respectively, and 1080 and 1300 at 18 WAT (7 Oct.), respectively. At base temperature 15.5°C, GDDs for bare soil and plastic mulch treatments were 238 and 375 at 8 WAT and 428 and 635 at 18 WAT, respectively. At 8 and 18 WAT, GDDs for AgWeatherNet air temperature located 410 m from the field site were 629 and 1308 for 10°C base temperature and 138 and 275 for 15.5°C. Overall, black plastic mulch increased soil temperature by 1.78°C on average, and soil GDDs were 44% and 21% higher with plastic mulch compared to bare soil for a base temperature of 15.5°C and 10°C, respectively. At 18 WAT, root yield (US No. 1 and US No. 2) without accounting for wireworm damage was 11.7 t/ha for ‘Covington’ and 9.9 t/ha for ‘Cascade’ with plastic mulch and 7.7 t/ha for ‘Covington’ and 8.4 t/ha for ‘Cascade’ with bare soil. Sweetpotato yield in Mount Vernon, WA, was 35% greater on average with plastic mulch, but plastic mulch may not be necessary in warmer regions of the Pacific Northwest.
Speakers
JW

Jordan White

Washington State University
Co-authors
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
LS

Laura Schulz

Washington State University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 11A

10:15am CDT

Pi Alpha Xi Photo Contest Results
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:45am CDT
Pi Alpha Xi Photo Contest Results
Presiding/Moderator
SM

Sonja Maki

University of Wisconsin-River Falls
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 10:45am CDT
Hort Theater

10:15am CDT

Workshop: Strengthening Latin American Horticultural Products in the U.S.: Fruits, Vegetables, and Ornamentals
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
The primary goal of this workshop is to bring together a diverse network of professionals from academia, industry, extension services, and government agencies who are working to enhance the performance, sustainability, and resilience of Latin American horticultural supply chains to the U.S.
Participants will:
  • Share knowledge on how to improve quality, minimize postharvest losses, and meet regulatory and market demands.
  • Highlight opportunities for supporting Latin American growers, exporters, and logistics providers.
  • Explore cross-cutting themes including climate resilience, labor, sustainability, and technology adoption.
  • Foster collaboration and lay the groundwork for future events focused on Latin America and horticulture.
Speakers:

WORKSHOP FORMAT
I. Expert Presentations (35 minutes total)
 Three panelists (15 minutes each) will present on the following themes:
  • Production and Sustainability: Emerging challenges and innovations in Latin American fruit, vegetable, and ornamental production systems.
  • Postharvest and Quality Management: Best practices to preserve quality and extend shelf life during export, focusing on compliance with U.S. standards.
  • Trade and Market Access: Navigating U.S. regulations, phytosanitary requirements, and certification systems, with insights into logistics and cold chain management.

II. Experience Sharing from the Field (15 minutes)
 A moderated session where 5–6 attendees will briefly (2–3 minutes each) share their field experiences working in or with Latin American horticultural systems. This segment will offer valuable context and grassroots perspectives to enrich the subsequent discussions.
III. Breakout Group Discussions (25 minutes)
 Participants will join focused roundtables based on key crops or sectors (e.g., tropical fruits, temperate fruits, vegetables, ornamentals). Each group will explore:
  • Specific supply chain challenges
  • Opportunities for innovation and collaboration
  • Regional production and trade differences

IV. Group Reporting & Strategy Sharing (15 minutes)
 Groups will reconvene to summarize key insights and report out barriers and proposed solutions (e.g., cold chain infrastructure gaps, pest and disease pressures, labor constraints, traceability needs). A shared whiteboard will capture these points to inform follow-up actions.

V. Building Toward Future Collaboration (15 minutes)
 The workshop will conclude with an open discussion to identify opportunities for future collaboration. This may include organizing a follow-up workshop or proposing a broader symposium or conference focused on Latin American Horticulture—bringing together academic, industry, and government stakeholders to build long-term partnerships and shared research agendas.
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 10

10:15am CDT

Navigating the Challenges of Importing/Exporting Germplasm Resources (Interest Group Session)
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Focus on the role of National Clean Plant Networks and other agencies (potentially including private parties), and discuss best practices.
Friday August 1, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 12B

10:30am CDT

CE 7 - UV-B and Blue Light Supplementation Enhance the Yield and Quality of Greenhouse-grown Tomato Fruit
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Light of different wavelengths influences the crop yield and quality by modulating metabolic pathways, resulting in variations in phytochemical abundances. Therefore, optimized light conditions could enhance the plant-protecting and health-promoting attributes of tomato fruit. However, the effects of supplemental blue (B) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light on amino acids (AAs) and phenolics, particularly hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), as well as fruit firmness and yield characteristics in tomatoes, are not well understood. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of supplemental light on yield, firmness, and levels of amino acids (AAs) and hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) in red-ripe, greenhouse-grown tomato fruits. This study was conducted with two tomato varieties (Plum Regal and TAM Hot-Ty) exposed to supplemental blue light (238 µmol m-2 s-1 at 40 cm from the plants for 8 hours), UV-B light (5 µmol m-2 s-1 at 46 cm from the plants for 4 hours), a combination of blue and UV-B light (B UV-B), and a control group with no supplemental lighting. Our findings revealed that blue light alone significantly enhanced yield and firmness in both varieties. Similarly, UV-B light alone resulted in increased yield and higher HCA levels. The combined B UV-B treatment produced firmer fruits with high HCAs without compromising yield. Important amino acids like γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamine were also significantly enhanced by B UV-B. Therefore, supplemental blue and UV-B light could be used to improve nutritional value by increasing the abundance of bioactive compounds in tomato fruits grown under controlled environmental conditions. This work was partially supported by USDA-NIFA-2024-51181-43464, USDA-NIFA-AFRI 2023-67013-39616 through the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center and Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture of the Texas A
Speakers
SB

Samikshya Bhattarai

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas A&M University
Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 11B

10:30am CDT

CHMG 2 - Consumers and the green industry: What do they really know about the realities of plant production?
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Green industry businesses face many challenges in production including finding and retaining employees as well as increasing materials and shipping costs. To address production hurdles, implementation of various types of automation are a key focus in many horticultural production operations. Automation has the potential to not only address key production challenges but can also improve working conditions and employee experience, including health and well-being. A focus on employee health and wages has been shown to be valued by consumers of a range of horticultural food crops and have been a key element in price premiums for food crops and businesses who demonstrate their positive benefit for worker or community well-being. However, less is known about consumer perceptions of green industry production practices or their valuation of businesses prioritizing employee well-being. Therefore, a nationwide consumer survey was undertaken to assess consumer knowledge and perception about automation overall and automation within horticultural production. While the focus on the survey was to investigate automation technologies in the nursery industry, the survey included a range of greenhouse and nursery crops to assess consumers’ understanding of the current use of automation as well as perceptions about automation as well as the impact of automation on employee health and well-being. The focus on the presentation will be on consumer knowledge and opinion on automation in plant production as well as the role of consumer demographics, work experiences, and industry knowledge. Results will be summarized to share opportunities for strengthening consumer valuation of horticultural crops.
Speakers
NB

Natalie Bumgarner

Assistant Professor, University of Tennessee Knoxville
Co-authors
AL

Alicia L Rihn

University of Tennessee
AD

Anna Duncan

University of Tennessee
NA
TR

Taylor Ruth

University of Tennessee
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 12A

10:30am CDT

PH 4 - Climate and weather's effects on sweet cherry quality and maturity in extended storage
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Climate variability causes unpredictable seasonal weather events during the fruit-growing period. This affects fruit set and quality by affecting ripening and deterioration rates postharvest. The goal of this research was to study how different weather conditions affected fruit quality at harvest and their storage potential. Four sweet cherry cultivars (Rainier, Bing, Skeena, Sweetheart) grown commercially in Central WA during 2021-2024 were harvested at two different times and stored in air (0-1 oC) for 30 days. Maturity indices (weight, color, firmness, soluble solids), stem condition, and defects were evaluated every two weeks plus 2 days at 5-6 oC simulating refrigerated shelf-life. Overall, the seasonal weather had a significant impact on fruit quality at harvest and postharvest. Fruit firmness varied among seasons in all cultivars and increased over time in storage in most cases. Skin color was only affected by harvest time. No clear trends across cultivars were observed with soluble solids content or fruit weight. The stem condition declined with time postharvest, but the rate was season- and cultivar-dependent. Positive correlations between bioclimatic indexes and the rate of deterioration (including pitting and pebbling) were found that need further investigation.
Speakers
CT

Carolina Torres

Washington State University
Co-authors
GB

Gabriela Bolanos-Pabon

Washington State University
NA
RM

Rene Mogollon

Washington State University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 4

10:30am CDT

POM 3 - Rapid and quantitative analysis of leaf calcium using X-ray fluorescence scanning
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Development of control measures for nutrient-related apple fruit disorders like bitter pit requires a better understanding of calcium metabolism in the tree. Limiting this understanding is a rapid and accurate method for measuring the concentration of calcium in various plant organs including the leaves. Optimally, measuring calcium levels could be done at the single leaf level, or better yet for whole leaves at a resolution of sub-millimeter dimensions. We report on the use of X-ray fluorescence for apple leaf tissue to quantitatively measure leaf calcium tissue. Using 7-mm diameter discs taken from Granny Smith apple leaves mid-season, we were able to demonstrate that the emission data from a scanning Bruker X-ray fluorescence instrument could be easily transformed to predict accurate and precise calcium levels in apple leaf tissue. If similar relationships can be determined for other minerals, this type of analysis will enable the quantitation of multiple minerals within minutes. Provided software analysis of the samples can be automated, the turn-around time for tissue analysis would be on the order of one or two hours for hundreds of samples
Speakers
RB

Randolph Beaudry

Michigan State University
Dr. Randolph Beaudry, Professor, MSU Department of Horticulture (MSc, PhD, University of Georgia). His appointment is 50% MSU Extension and 50% AgBioResearch. His research program includes both regional and international projects and focuses on the physiology of plant responses to... Read More →
Co-authors
CM

Claudia Moggia

University of Talca
GL

Gustavo Lobos

University of Talca
MP

Marcelo Pirinoli

University of Talca
NA
RC

Ricardo Cabeza

University of Talca
NA
SR

Sebastian Romero-Bravo

University of Talca
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 3
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source FONDECYT

10:30am CDT

VCM 6 - Assessing the Effect of Processing on Volatile Organic Compounds in Tomatoes Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
The profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit significantly influences their sensory attributes, particularly aroma, which affects consumer preference. This study examines variation in VOCs between commercially processed tomato products and greenhouse-grown tomatoes, focusing on processing techniques and how they alter VOC profiles. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was employed for detailed VOC profiling. Optimization of HS-SPME parameters, including salt-assisted extraction, extraction temperature, and fiber selection, enabled precise identification and quantification of VOCs. The optimized conditions involved extracting samples in a 30% NaCl solution to maximize volatile release, adsorption onto a 50/30 µm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber at 80 °C for 30 minutes, and analysis using a Restek Rtx-Wax column with helium as the carrier gas. SPME-GC-MS analysis confirmed that processing techniques significantly influence the release, chemical nature, and composition of VOCs. Commercially processed tomato products exhibited elevated levels of volatiles such as (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal. Since processed products often undergo thermal treatments such as pasteurization and decontamination, the reduction in volatile composition compared to fresh, unprocessed tomatoes could be attributed to the thermal degradation of heat-sensitive compounds such as cis- and trans-hexanol, hexanal, geranial, and methyl salicylate, contributing to a pronounced cooked tomato aroma. In contrast, greenhouse-grown tomatoes, cultivated under controlled conditions, contained lower overall VOC concentrations but retained higher levels of methyl salicylate and norisoprenoids, yielding a milder, sweeter aroma profile, which is generally absent in processed products. This study underscores the impact of processing on tomato aroma and highlights the importance of optimizing analytical methods for VOC profiling. Detailed VOC profiling offers valuable insights for breeders and food processors seeking to enhance the flavor quality of both greenhouse-grown and processed tomato products. This research was supported by USDA-NIFA-2024-51181-43464 and USDA-NIFA-AFRI-2023-67013-39616 through the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center and the Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture at Texas A
Speakers
DC

Debanjan Chatterjee

Texas A
Debanjan Chatterjee, PhD, is a dedicated researcher specializing in natural products chemistry and pharmacological studies. He earned his B.Pharm in 2017, followed by an M.S. (Pharm) from the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, in 2019... Read More →
Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 11A

10:45am CDT

CE 7 - Dynamic Lighting Is Essential to Mitigate Long Photoperiodic Injury in Greenhouse Tomatoes
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Consumers want year-round supply of high quality fresh produce. However, the low sunlight has limited greenhouse vegetable during the winter months in high-latitude region. In order to boost yields and meet market demand, supplemental lighting is required. However, utilizing electric lighting, even high-efficient LED fixtures results in high electricity costs. Photoperiod extension (up to 24h) is a promising strategy which can be implemented in many countries as the utility companies incentivize the use of low cost, off-peak electricity use during the night. In this way, extending the photoperiod from the conventional 16h up to 24h can result in reduced electricity cost when the daily light integral (DLI) remains the same. In this study, we look at the impact of two different 24h lighting strategies in two cherry tomato cultivars and their impact on photoperiod injury compared to a 16h control. One 24h treatment involved a change from white light during the day to blue light at night at a reduced photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; i.e., dynamic) while the other kept a static spectrum and PPFD for 24h. In addition, each treatment also had a low blue (10%) and high blue (30%) variation. The experiment took place in a glass greenhouse at the Harrow Research and Development Centre in Harrow, Ontario, Canada. It was determined that the 24h dynamic lighting strategy has similar maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) values as the 16h controls while the 24h static treatments values were drastically reduced. What’s more, the Fv/Fm value from the 24h static treatment with high blue content was lowest among all treatments indicating that elevated levels of blue light may be detrimental during a 24h photoperiod. In addition, the overall yield from the 24h dynamic treatments were similar to the 16h controls while the 24h static treatments were statistically lower. Taken together, these results indicated that a 24h dynamic light treatment is essential to mitigate photoperiodic injury in cherry tomato. This data suggests that the use of such a lighting strategy could also reduce electricity costs for greenhouse cherry tomato producers.
Speakers
XH

Xiuming Hao

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
Co-authors
CL

Celeste Little

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
NA
JL

Jason Lanoue

AGRICULTURE AND AGRIFOOD CANADA
RS

Rose Seguin

Sollum Technologies Inc.
NA
SS

Saman Soltaninejad

Sollum Technologies Inc.
NA
SS

Sarah St. Louis

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 11B

10:45am CDT

CHMG 2 - Understanding Consumer Trust Regarding Environmental Information about Plant Purchases
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Consumer decision making is heavily influenced by not only the information made available about products but also the degree of trust consumers have in that information. As online sources increase, so do opportunities to find information about products that is both factual and misleading. Especially with regards to green products and sustainability claims, predatory marketing practices, undisclosed advertisements, and uninformed influencers contribute to consumer vulnerability regarding purchases. With regards to plant products - both plant-based foods and ornamental plants - and the environment, little research has been invested in understanding where and how consumers are getting information and what they trust. This study investigates how plant consumers access and trust information regarding environmental and climate issues, their purchases, and the sustainability qualities of plant products. Using the results of an online survey, consumer profiles were identified using Ward’s Linkage clustering so that stakeholders, such as science communicators, marketing professionals, consumer protection agencies, and consumers themselves can better understand the state of consumer trust in information about plant products.
Speakers
avatar for Abigail Lauterbach

Abigail Lauterbach

The University of Georgia
Co-authors
JC

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 12A

10:45am CDT

PH 4 - Continuous High-Pressure Homogenization for Reducing Thermal Degradation and Preserving Bioactive Compounds in Fruit Juices
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
The preservation of bioactive compounds in fruit juices is essential for maintaining their nutritional value and consumer appeal. This study explores the potential of Continuous Flow High-Pressure Homogenization (CFHPH) as a promising alternative to traditional thermal processing methods, such as High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST), in fruit juice production. CFHPH has demonstrated effectiveness in preserving bioactive compounds, including ascorbic acid, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids, while significantly reducing the thermal degradation of heat-sensitive compounds associated with HTST. In this research, we compared CFHPH to HTST in juices from horticultural crops, including watermelon, blueberry, and grapefruit. CFHPH treatment at 300 MPa and an inlet temperature of 4 °C maintained higher levels of carotenoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid during storage, while also reducing the activity of oxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) across all tested fruits. In contrast, HTST processing resulted in a considerable loss of bioactive compounds due to oxidation and thermal degradation. CFHPH not only preserved essential nutrients but also extended shelf life under market-simulated storage conditions by minimizing oxidative damage and reducing particulate sedimentation, making it an ideal solution for the growing demand for minimally processed, nutrient-rich fruit juices. This technology offers significant potential for the horticulture and food industries, ensuring fresh, nutritious, and appealing juices for health-conscious consumers.
Speakers Co-authors
KA

Koushik Adhikari

University of Georgia
NA
RS

Rakesh Singh

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Foster 1

10:45am CDT

POM 3 - Horticultural Performance and Physiological Responses of a Mature Peach Orchard to Mulch and Poultry Litter Application.
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Plant nutrient acquisition and responses to different fertilization programs in fruit orchards oftentimes depend on many biotic or abiotic factors or a combination of both, including tree or orchard age and nutrient source. This study aims to evaluate the effect of topically applied, slow-release source of essential nutrients from mulch mixed with poultry litter (PLM) or without (M) and fast-release growers’ standard rate of mineral fertilizer on an eight-year-old replanted orchard containing ‘Juneprince’ and ‘Scarletprince’ peach trees in South Carolina. Soil health indicators such as soil moisture and nutritional status, and tree health parameters, including yield and fruit quality (specifically on the incidence of diseases and physiological disorders), were evaluated over two years. The results showed that soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity were significantly higher in PLM across both years of this study when compared with other treatments. Both PLM and M treatments had higher moisture retention than the grower’s standard. However, yields between the two cultivars used in this study varied considerably in response to treatment and years. Yield of ‘Juneprince’ trees treated with GS was significantly higher in the first year of this study when compared with PLM and M but did not significantly differ in the second year. In contrast, yield of ‘Scarletprince’ trees treated with PLM and M were consistently higher numerically when compared with GS in both years. PLM significantly reduced bacterial spot incidence and severity in both cultivars across the study years. This result suggested that amending the soil through surface covering with mulch mixed with poultry litter provides the nutritional requirement, increases yield and significantly lower disease pressure and improves the quality of the marketable fruit in a mature orchard.
Speakers
AI

Ayodeji Idowu

Clemson University
I am a third-year Ph.D. student working on improving soil health and ecosystem conservation through rigorous enhancement of soil organic matter and strategic soil nutrient management for agricultural and environmental sustainability. To achieve this, I am testing different soil amendment... Read More →
Co-authors
JC

Juan Carlos Melgar

Clemson University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 3
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source United States Department of Agriculture - Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (USDA-SARE)

10:45am CDT

VCM 6 - Phenological Assessment of Artichoke Grown with Gibberellic Acid–Induced Vernalization in a Subtropical Climate
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) is an herbaceous, perennial plant native to the Mediterranean region and belongs to the Asteraceae family. It requires adequate winter chilling for bud induction, yet susceptible to freeze damage. In subtropical or tropical climates, artificial flower induction or vernalization is necessary for winter crops. Our preliminary results indicate that gibberellic acid (GA3) effectively induces bud formation without chilling. Understanding crop phenology facilitates management planning and performance assessment under diverse conditions. This study used the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, CHemische Industrie (BBCH) scale to characterize the phenological development of artichoke cultivated in a subtropical climate with insufficient winter chilling. Seedlings of ‘Green Queen’ (GQ), ‘Imperial Star’ (IS), ‘Opal’ (OP), ‘20-063’, ‘22-017’, ‘23-057’, and ‘24-060’ cultivars were transplanted on 18 October 2024 in West Central Florida. Plants initially exhibited vegetative growth characterized by leaf development (Stage 1) and rosette formation (Stage 3–4) up to 79 DAP. GA3 applications at 62 and 76 days after planting (DAP) promoted vegetative growth by increasing both leaf number and size. Vegetative growth was most vigorous in ‘GQ’ and least in ‘20-057’, whereas in the Mediterranean climate, growth at this stage typically arrests through winter due to low temperatures. GA3 applications successfully induced bolting, initiating the transition to reproductive growth between 80 and 82 DAP. Buds reached the optimum maturity stage to harvest with the maximum diameter at around 115 DAP, earlier than the typical 120 to 150 days in annual culture. Marketable yields varied significantly among cultivars, from 2.69 t·ha–1 for ‘OP’ to 7.33 t·ha–1 for ’20-063’. By 160 DAP, mature buds exhibited floral opening with characteristic lilac-colored florets (Stage 6: flowering and capitulum formation). In Florida, although hot and humid summers constrain the harvest window, our results suggest that GA3-induced vernalization enables artichoke production during the winter months in a timeframe that is 5 to 35 days shorter than under Mediterranean conditions. This study advances understanding of artichoke adaptability to subtropical climates, promoting its potential as a winter specialty crop for edible and ornamental uses.
Speakers
AK

Avninder Kaur

University of Florida
Co-authors
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 11A

10:45am CDT

How University Departments Are Being Impacted by the Changes at USDA
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:45am CDT
Dr. Amit Dhingra, Head of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, will discuss the impact of recent changes at USDA on university departments, state agencies, and research and Extension.
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Amit Dhingra

Amit Dhingra

Head of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University
Friday August 1, 2025 10:45am - 11:45am CDT
Hort Theater

11:00am CDT

CE 7 - Comprehensive Analysis of Heat Stress Responses in Tomato Genotypes Across Vegetative and Reproductive Stages
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
The thermotolerance responses of tomato plants have been assessed using various physicochemical parameters. However, even within the same genotype, thermotolerance strategies can vary among plant organs. This study aimed to investigate heat stress responses in tomato genotypes across vegetative and reproductive stages, focusing on a comprehensive analysis of thermotolerance mechanisms. Ten tomato varieties, including seven commercial cultivars and three Texas A
Speakers
avatar for Chungkeun Lee

Chungkeun Lee

Texas A&M University
Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 11B

11:00am CDT

CHMG 2 - Quantifying Consumer Mental Health Benefits from Home Propagation
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Home propagation is a common practice among horticulturalists and green industry consumers due to the simplicity of the activity and the gratification of successfully growing new plants. While discussions of propagation often emphasize its environmental and economic benefits, far less attention has been given to its individualistic impacts. These impacts may include psychological, therapeutic, and social benefits. This study examines the relationship between home propagation and improvements in mood, self-confidence, and opportunities for interaction with other plant enthusiasts. Through surveys with plant propagators, we will learn how successful propagation attempts create a sense of personal fulfillment, accomplishment, and a desire for interaction with other propagators. By further investigating these benefits, this research aims to determine if home propagation functions as a therapeutic and community-building activity and should be acknowledged as something deeper than a casual hobby.
Speakers
avatar for Leandria Garrett

Leandria Garrett

University of Georgia
Co-authors
JC

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 12A

11:00am CDT

PH 4 - Texture Profiling of 7 Rabbiteye and 3 Southern Highbush Blueberry Genotypes During Postharvest Cold Storage
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) texture is a key trait in breeding programs primarily due to its influence on consumer acceptance, machine harvestability, transportability, shelf-life, and overall quality. Variations in firmness have been extensively studied on southern highbush (SHB; Vaccinium corymbosum L.), with little reported on rabbiteye (RE; Vaccinium virgatum) genotypes. Various texture instruments, including FruitFirm1000, FirmTech II, and TA.XT2 Plus texture analyzers, are used, but not all assess multiple mechanical parameters on blueberry fruit. Initial firmness evaluations on 17 RE and SHB genotypes using a FruitFirm1000 identified genotype-specific variations over six weeks of storage (4 °C, 85% relative humidity). At harvest (day 0), ‘Titan’ (RE) had the highest firmness (287 g.mm-1), while ‘MS1110R’ (RE) had the lowest (152 g.mm-1). After 4 weeks in storage (day 28), RE genotypes of ‘Titan’, ‘Vernon’, ‘T-3075’, and SHB ‘Legacy’ maintained high firmness (˃200 g.mm-1). While ‘Alapaha’ (RE), ‘New Hanover’(SHB), and ‘MS1110R’ (RE) did not retain firmness (˂150 g.mm-1). Texture is a complex and multi-component trait; a single firmness measurement cannot comprehensively capture all attributes influencing blueberry texture variations. To further understand blueberry mechanical parameters, our current study utilizes a TA.XT2Plus texture analyzer equipped with 2 mm needle and 2 mm flat probe. The needle probe will measure force parameters across different blueberry tissues: epidermis (Fep), hypoderm (Fh), parenchyma (Fp), and inner pulp (Finner). The 2 mm flat probe will measure mechanical parameters derived from force-distance curves, which relates to skin elasticity, internal firmness, graininess/grittiness, skin strength, and stiffness (Young’s modulus). Ten blueberry genotypes (7 RE and 3 SHB) representing distinct crisp/high, medium, and low firmness levels will be harvested and stored at 4 °C and 85% relative humidity. Texture measurements will be taken at two postharvest timepoints, day 0 and 14. By integrating advanced texture analysis (TA.XT2Plus) compared to FruitFirm1000, a comprehensive understanding of firmness variability and texture changes in RE compared to SHB blueberries will be obtained. The advanced textural assessment will enable data-driven insights to inform breeding selections for improved texture in fresh-market cultivars.
Speakers
PE

Peter Ephraim

Graduate Research Assistant, Auburn University
Peter Ephraim is a PhD student in the Department of Horticulture at Auburn University. Peter has a strong background in food science, holding a bachelor’s degree in food science and technology from Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Malawi and a Master’s... Read More →
Co-authors
CR

Camila Rodrigues

Auburn University
NA
MT

Marlee Trandel Hayse

Auburn University
MM

Michael Miller

Auburn University
NA
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
SJ

Suzanne Johanningsmeier

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Foster 1

11:00am CDT

POM 3 - Cutting Propagation of Southwest Peach Seedlings
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Southwest Native American Tribes, such as the Navajo, Hopi, and other Pueblo, have grown peaches since at least the early 1600’s, making them a nutritionally and culturally important food source. Historically, peach propagation was primarily done by seed, with only one written account of stem cutting propagation occurring within the Zuni Pueblo. Little is known about the effectiveness of different propagation methods for rapidly replicating Southwest seedling accessions and maintaining parent tree genetics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rooting success of softwood and hardwood cuttings taken from Southwest peach seedling accessions originating from five locations within the Navajo and Hopi Tribal communities. All cuttings were collected from mature trees established in Thatcher, UT. Two trials of cuttings were conducted in July and November of 2024. Each seedling tree had 18 cuttings per trial. Trial one had softwood and hardwood cuttings and trial two had only hardwood cuttings. Each cutting was measured 12 cm long, had at least three nodes planted into the potting media. Trial one cuttings had the first 3 node leaves cut in half, with all other leaves removed. Cutting treatments included a control (no treatment), Hormodin 1, and Hormodin 2, with six replications for each treatment. All cuttings were placed under a mist system with controlled temperature and relative humidity. Rooting success was assessed over three months by visually evaluating live tissue and new growth. Rooting success was dependent upon seedling parent location, treatment, time of year, as analyzed by analysis of variance. Cuttings from Canyon del Muerto had greater rooting success compared with those from Navajo Mountain. The Hopi and Navajo Mountain cuttings had decreased rooting success as the Hormodin concentrations increased. Canyon del Muerto cuttings benefited from Hormodin 1 treatment. The results of this study will help determine the potential of Southwest peach seedlings for replication as a viable rootstock for the fruit industry.
Speakers
RW

Reagan Wytsalucy

Utah State University
Native American food crops of the Southwest.
Co-authors
BL

Bud Lopez

New Mexico State University
NA
KL

Kevin Lombard

New Mexico State Univeristy
Kevin Lombard is a Professor of Horticulture and Research Director of the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, a 250 acre research farm uniquely located on the Navajo Nation. His research encompasses specialty crop evaluations including grapes, fruit... Read More →
YS

Youping Sun

Utah State University
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 3
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source San Juan County Extension with Utah State University and New Mexico State University Agriculture Science Center

11:00am CDT

VCM 6 - Enhancing Bell Pepper Production: Exploring the Effects of AMF Application on WUE in Greenhouse Bell Pepper Production
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a widespread and naturally-present soil microorganism that form symbiotic relationships with the roots of terrestrial plants. These fungi have been credited with numerous host plant benefits, the most relevant to this study being their ability to improve plant-water relations through multiple mechanisms. Bell peppers are extremely vulnerable to drought stress and require high amounts of water, so the colonization of AMF could potentially help fortify peppers against this prevalent stressor. However, AMF populations are greatly affected by the disruptive agricultural practices utilized in vegetable production. Therefore, there is a need to research the integration of AMF into traditional production systems. Existing research on AMF is often inconclusive and inconsistent when compared across locations and environments due to their complex nature. An AMF trial was carried out at greenhouses in Raleigh, NC to examine the effect of AMF application on water use efficiency (WUE) in bell peppers. ‘Red Knight’ F1 hybrid bell pepper seeds were inoculated with a commercially available AMF spore product (Endomycorrhizae formulation). The seeds then germinated and grew for eight weeks to allow the AMF root colonization to establish. Afterwards, the pepper seedlings were transplanted into 2 gal pots and placed on weighing lysimeters before growing for four more weeks to allow the roots to establish in the pots. Two irrigation treatments were then applied to the plants: 100% container capacity (CC) and water deficit (WD). The 100% CC treatments were irrigated in daily intervals to keep the media at maximum soil moisture. The WD treatments were individually irrigated back up to 100% CC each time visual wilting symptoms presented for a plant. Water use for each plant was calculated throughout the growing season by weighing the pots and runoff-catchment containers at each irrigation event to precisely determine the amount of water available to each plant. At the end of the growing season, WUE was determined for each plant by comparing the total water used to the total biomass produced. Results show no difference in WUE for the control vs AMF inoculated plants under water deficit. However, there were some differences observed in other measurements collected, such as floral abortion rates, plant height, biomass, stomatal conductance, and water pressure potential.
Speakers
BM

Brooke Matusko

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
AC

Amanda Cardoso

North Carolina State University
ET

Emmanuel Torres Quezada

North Carolina State University
KG

Kevin Garcia

North Carolina State University
NA
RH

Ricardo Hernandez

North Carolina State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 11A

11:15am CDT

CE 7 - Performance of Tomato in the Dutch Bucket Hydroponic System with Different Soilless Substrates
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Small-scale greenhouse growers commonly use perlite as substrate in the Dutch bucket hydroponic production of vine crops such as tomatoes. However, perlite is prone to an excessive nutrient solution leaching primarily due to its free-draining and low water holding capacity properties. Alternative organic substrate to perlite is needed for a sustainable hydroponic production of these fruiting vegetables in the Dutch bucket system. This study thus evaluated the growth and yield performance of two tomato cultivars (BHN 589 and Geronimo) in five substrates (clay pebbles, loose rockwool, perlite, coco coir, and Lensli) in a randomized complete block design with three replications inside a polyethylene film greenhouse from February to July 2024. Results showed no significant effects of the interaction of substrates and cultivars on all the measured growth and yield traits. Averaged over the two cultivars, the substrates tested significantly influenced the total yield ranging from 338 to 464 Mg/ha and marketable yield ranging from 328 to 445 Mg/ha. More specifically, Lensli increased marketable yields by 15, 31, and 36% than those of coco coir, perlite, and clay pebbles, respectively. These increases are primarily due to a significant increase in the number of marketable fruit per plant (19%) and average marketable fruit weight (10%). Lensli also increased leaf area index by 44 and 60% than those of perlite and clay pebbles, respectively. Based on these results, Lensli, a blend of fine Baltic and superfine black peat, is proving to be a promising organic alternative substrate for tomato production in the Dutch bucket hydroponic system.
Speakers
CC

Cristian Camacho

East Texas A
Co-authors
DD

Desire Djidonou

East Texas A
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 11B

11:15am CDT

CHMG 2 - Using Gardener Identity to Fine-tune Extension Programming for Consumer Audiences
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Identity has been used as a measure of individuals to better understand values and behavior, such as concern for the environment and subsequent behaviors. Applying the same approach to horticulture, measure of identity as a gardener can help researchers, educators, and industry stakeholders have knowledge of existing and potential clients to deliver relevant goods and services. In a 2023 national survey, respondents (n=2435) completed measures of gardener identity (GI) as well as assessments of five elemental and three functional gardening practices. Gardener identity scores were significantly higher among self-reported gardeners than nongardeners, with a weak positive correlation between GI score and spending on supplies and services (r = .310, p=.01). Despite perception that gardening is a solitary activity, findings highlight the role of social networks in positive, early gardening experiences that shape behaviors across the lifespan. Coupled with demographic data, these scores provide additional insight and guidance for developing and supporting individuals who spend money on green industry supplies and services.
Speakers Co-authors
HK

Heather Kirk-Ballard

University of Georgia
NA
JC

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
NB

Natalie Bumgarner

University of Tennessee
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 12A

11:15am CDT

PH 4 - Hyperspectral Imaging for Haskap Berry Firmness Prediction: A Non-Destructive Approach.
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Firmness is an important quality attribute for assessing fruit maturity, postharvest management, and consumer acceptance. Texture profile analyser and penetrometers are two destructive and time-consuming traditional methods for measuring firmness. Hyperspectral imaging presents a potential non-destructive alternative by acquiring the spectral and spatial data of fruits. The ability of hyperspectral imaging to predict firmness of Haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea) at various ripening stages is investigated in this study. Hyperspectral images of the Aurora cultivar were collected at 3 harvesting stages (early, mid, late), 3 growing positions (high, middle, low), and different sunlight exposure conditions (partial shade, full sun). The spectral data was collected for a selected region of interest. The reflectance spectra (396.92-1033.95 nm) were analysed, and different models were developed using neural network (R2= 0.44; RMSE= 0.35), general regression (R2= 0.41; RMSE= 0.36), partial least squares (R2= 0.45; RMSE= 0.35) and bootstrap (R2= 0.63; RMSE= 0.28) predictive modelling methods. The preliminary results of the research study findings imply that hyperspectral imaging is a viable tool for promptly estimating firmness and classifying the ripeness stage of haskap berries. By integrating hyperspectral imaging and data-driven approaches, growers can significantly enhance fruit quality and optimize decision-making processes, enabling better pre- and postharvest management.
Speakers
MS

Mohit Sharma

Université Laval
Co-authors
AD

Arturo Duarte Sierra

Université Laval
RP

Rani Puthukulangara Ramachandran

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Foster 1

11:15am CDT

POM 3 - Root-to-leaf ratio contributes to drought recovery and resilience in northern highbush blueberry genotypes
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Plant canopy and root architecture characteristics play a crucial role in water uptake and plant growth. Blueberry roots are shallow and lack dense root hairs, making them more susceptible to drought than most fruit crop species. In northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), differences in root size, root architecture, and root-to-leaf balance may impact drought resilience, particularly in maintaining photosynthesis (A) under limited soil moisture. However, this has not yet been examined in this species. This study evaluated drought resilience in two V. corymbosum genotypes with contrasting canopy and root architecture characteristics (Bluecrop, low root-to-leaf ratio; Draper, high root-to-leaf ratio). During the pre-drying period, both genotypes exhibited similar A and stem water potential (Ψ stem). Irrigation water was withheld to initiate drought conditions. By day 4 of withholding water, Bluecrop showed a decline in A, but its Ψ stem did not significantly change until day 6. In contrast, Draper did not show a decline in A or Ψ stem until day 6 of withholding water. Both cultivars reached a critical threshold of stomatal conductance (gs) (90% reduction from well-watered conditions) on day 10 of withholding water. Following re-watering, Ψ stem recovered immediately in both cultivars on day 2 of re-watering (day 12 of withholding water). However, the recovered Ψ stem of Bluecrop did not correspond with any increase in gs until day 14 of rewatering (day 24 of withholding water). Meanwhile, Draper exhibited a much higher gs and A than Bluecrop throughout the post-rewatering period, suggesting that Bluecrop is more sensitive to drought conditions than Draper. Post-experiment analysis confirmed that Draper had a larger root-to-leaf ratio than Bluecrop, which likely enhanced water absorption and supported faster recovery following rehydration. No significant difference in root architecture characteristics were found between these two cultivars, considering the number of root tips, root length, and surface area per root diameter at different levels (< 0.25 mm, 0.25- 0.5 mm, and >0.5 mm). These results suggest that root-to-leaf ratio and root-to-leaf hydraulic conductance play a central role in determining drought resilience in V. corymbosum genotypes. Future studies will be carried out to confirm this finding across a greater number of genotypes.
Speakers
SL

Sheng-yang Li

Michigan State University
Co-authors
JV

Josh VanderWeide

Michigan State University
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 3

11:15am CDT

VCM 6 - Optimizing Harvest Timing for Enhanced Hop Quality in a Subtropical Climate
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Optimizing Harvest Timing for Enhanced Hop Quality in a Subtropical Climate Alvaro J. Bautista* and Shinsuke Agehara University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, United States *Presenter: Alvaro J. Bautista Corresponding author: Shinsuke Agehara (sagehara@ufl.edu) Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are a key ingredient in brewing, contributing bitterness, aroma, and microbiological stability. While traditionally cultivated in temperate climates, our previous research has demonstrated that subtropical regions like Florida offer unique opportunities for hop production, enabling two production cycles per year with supplemental lighting. Harvest timing is critical for optimizing hop cone biochemical composition, particularly alpha acids (AA), beta acids (BA), and essential oils, which directly influence beer quality. This study examined the seasonal and developmental dynamics of ‘Cascade’ hop cone chemistry to determine the optimal harvest window for both spring and fall growing seasons. Data were collected from 2021 to 2024 from the plants established in 2021 at the University of Florida’s Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in west-central Florida. Cone samples were collected at different days after flower induction (DAFI) to assess changes in AA and BA, cohumulone and colupulone, and essential oil composition. Acid levels showed significant seasonal variation. In spring, AA and BA ranged from 9.38% and 5.48% in 2021 to 4.48% and 2.0% in 2024, respectively. In fall, AA and BA ranged from 4.7% and 2.49% in 2021 to 2.97% and 2.0% in 2024, respectively. Acid accumulation also showed seasonal patterns, peaking at 36–48 DAFI in spring compared to 24–30 DAFI in fall. In contrast, cohumulone and colupulone maintained stable levels around 27.54% of total AA and 47.79% of total BA, respectively, throughout the study. Essential oil content increased during cone maturation, reaching its optimal aromatic profile at 36–42 DAFI (1.5 ml/100g). Myrcene (81.8% of total oil), the dominant terpene across all seasons, followed the same trend as total essential oil content. Humulene and caryophyllene peaked between 24 and 36 DAFI (19.7% and 10.9.% of total oil, respectively), while geraniol and linalool remained stable (0.5% and 0.7% of total oil, respectively) throughout maturation. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing hop production in non-traditional climates and highlight the importance of precise harvest timing to enhance hop quality for brewing applications. Future research will explore additional environmental, physiological, and management factors influencing hop maturation under subtropical conditions.
Speakers
AJ

Alvaro J. Bautista

University of Florida
Co-authors
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 11A

11:30am CDT

CE 7 - Establishing Sap-Based Sufficiency Ranges for Lettuce, Cucumbers, and Tomatoes in CEA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Real-time nutrient management is crucial in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) for enhancing crop production, reducing fertilizer costs, and mitigating environmental impacts. Inadequate fertilization can reduce crop productivity and nutrient runoff. Sap-based sufficiency ranges could maintain balanced fertilization. The main objective of this study is to establish sap-based sufficiency ranges for lettuce (Lactuca sativa), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) across developmental stages and fertilizer levels in CEA. Lettuce was grown using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three cultivars (‘Casey,’ ‘Cherokee,’ ‘Chicarita’) and three fertilizer levels (low 50%, medium 100%, and high 200%) in a vertical farm and greenhouse. A split-plot in RCBD was used for tomatoes (‘Grandice,’ ‘Macxize,’ ‘Prodice’) and cucumbers (‘Georgia,’ ‘Verdon,’ ‘Camaro’) under the same fertilizer levels. Rockwool substrate was used for lettuce, and coco-coir for tomatoes and cucumbers. We monitored and maintained the environmental parameters: daily light integral (DLI) ranged from 17–23 mol/m²/day for tomatoes and cucumbers and 12–18 mol/m²/day for lettuce. Tomatoes received supplemental light from 1 AM to 10 AM. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were maintained at 18–22°C and 70–80% RH for lettuce, and 22–25°C and 60–70% RH for tomatoes and cucumbers. We monitored pH and EC weekly. Sap samples were collected at half and final stages for lettuce and four stages for tomatoes and cucumbers. Chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, yield, number of fruit, soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were recorded, while fresh/dry weight, leaf area, SSC, and TA were measured for lettuce. The tissue crushing method was used to establish sap-based sufficiency ranges for nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), phosphorus (PO₄³⁻-P), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and sulfur (SO₄²⁻-S). Our results provide general sufficiency recommendations (in mg/L): For greenhouse lettuce, the sufficiency ranges were NO₃⁻-N (546–1027), PO₄³⁻-P (520–616), K⁺ (6250–7052), Ca²⁺ (690–899), Mg²⁺ (280–371), and SO₄²⁻-S (93–101). For lettuce in vertical farm, NO₃⁻-N (1122–1139), PO₄³⁻-P (524–629), K⁺ (5455–5672), Ca²⁺ (426–595), Mg²⁺ (173–205), and SO₄²⁻-S (102–129). For tomatoes, NO₃⁻-N (547–805), PO₄³⁻-P (730–927), K⁺ (5360–7151), Ca²⁺ (3139–3716), Mg²⁺ (1133–1427), and SO₄²⁻-S (2796–3127). For cucumbers, NO₃⁻-N (888–1081), PO₄³⁻-P (25–38), K⁺ (4291–5478), Ca²⁺ (2147–2493), Mg²⁺ (1458–1813), and SO₄²⁻-S (1615–1946). In conclusion, sap-based sufficiency ranges were established which enable real-time nutrient monitoring and support more efficient fertigation in CEA.
Speakers
HR

Husnain Rauf

University of Georgia
Co-authors
CT

Cristian Toma

Kalera, Orlando
NA
DJ

Daniel Jackson

University of Georgia
NA
JL

Jason Lessl

University of Georgia
NA
MP

Miguel Puebla

Pure flavor, Fort Valley
NA
RS

Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi

University of Georgia
NA
TC

Timothy Coolong

University of Georgia
ZR

Zilfina Rubio

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 7

11:30am CDT

CHMG 2 - Are Consumers Knowledgeable of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Residential landscape pest management presents many challenges and pesticide management is accomplished via use of synthetic pesticide rotations. As consumer concerns related to pesticide use and the environment rise, landscapers have the opportunity to offer an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, using a combination of chemical and non-chemical control methods to reduce pesticide usage and reliance. However, consumer acceptance of and understanding of IPM is still not fully understood. We surveyed 1,000 respondents to quantify consumer knowledge of IPM. Questions were vetted using the Delphi method with nine industry and academic experts. Over 75% of respondents had some knowledge or were very knowledgeable of IPM. The more educated the respondents, the more knowledgeable they were of IPM. To capitalize on this to enhance economic outcomes for landscape service providers, future research should quantify how much consumers are willing to pay for IPM-grown plants or landscape services.
Speakers
AJ

Andrew Jeffers

Clemson University
I am a native of the mountains of eastern Tennessee. I have a B.S. in Agriculture – Plant and Soil Science, and M.S. in Plant and Soil Science from the University of Tennessee. My thesis project focused on woody tree and shrub liner production. I have worked as an herbaceous... Read More →
Co-authors
BB

Bridget Behe

Michigan State University
NA
MV

Michael Vassalos

Clemson University
NA
SW

Sarah White

Clemson University
NA
WB

William Bridges

Clemson University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 12A

11:30am CDT

PH 4 - Non-destructive assessment of sunscald at harvest improves storage outcome for Granny Smith apples
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Although sunlight is crucial for optimal apple production, excessive sun exposure can negatively impact appearance and alter internal quality of the fruit. Sun stress-related disorders are the primary cause of economic losses in major apple-growing regions. Granny Smith, the third most produced variety in Washington State, is notably prone to sunscald, a postharvest disorder manifested by the superficial darkening of the peel, rendering the fruit unmarketable. Lower chlorophyll and higher carotenoid concentration in Granny Smith peel is associated with increased sunlight exposure and a higher likelihood of sunscald development. In this research, the chlorophyll-to-carotenoid ratio measured non-destructively with a hyperspectral imager at harvest was used to categorize apples according to sunscald susceptibility: high, moderate, low, and very low. The quality parameters for apples in each sunscald risk category were evaluated to determine whether pre-storage sorting based on sun exposure could enhance the consistency of cold chain quality and performance. It was hypothesized that relative sun exposure has a significant influence on apple quality parameters and ripening patterns during storage. Apples were harvested from three orchards over three consecutive years and subsequently stored in air for six months before quality analyses. During the final year, additional assessments were conducted at four and five months of storage to monitor the progression of ripening and sunscald incidence. A multi-year analysis including firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, greenness (Iad), peel lightness (L*), and the chromatic shift from green to yellow (a/b) resulted in similar classifications among categories. However, changes in internal quality parameters attributable to relative sun exposure were evident when analyzing fruit from a single location and season. Overall, apples classified as having high and moderate sunscald risk exhibited elevated soluble solids and reduced titratable acidity compared to those in lower sunscald risk categories. Additionally, these quality parameters were more variable for fruit with high and moderate sunscald risk. The ripening pattern was similar for fruit in the low and very low categories, with a more homogeneous data distribution. The incidence of sunscald increased over time and with increased sun exposure, resulting in 11% fruit loss after 6 months of storage. Although the primary benefit of the sunscald susceptibility index is to enhance commercial viability by enabling apples in high-risk categories to be sold before sunscald symptoms render them unmarketable, sorting and grouping fruit based on relative sun exposure rendering a more homogenous storage outcome, potentially reducing economic losses for growers and packers.
Speakers
avatar for Manoella Mendoza

Manoella Mendoza

WA State University
Co-authors
CT

Carolina Torres

Washington State University
LK

Lee Kalcsits

WA State University
NA
RM

Rene Mogollon

Washington State University
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 4
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source This work was supported by the USDA-NIFA-OREI (grant 2021-51300-34914); The USDA-ARS Penn State Cooperative Agreement: 58‐6034‐3‐016 and by the Grant PRE2021-100809 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Social Fund Plus (ESF+). F. Di Gioia’s contribution was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations under Project no. PEN04723 and Accession no. 1020664.
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

11:30am CDT

POM 3 - A review of progress and obstacles on a path towards consistent production of high quality ‘Improved French’ prune crop
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Consistent production (CP) of quality crops supports economic sustainability of individual farms and maintains market share for a larger industry. For the last 30 years, annual prune production in California has been highly variable, ranging from < 1 to >3 dried tons per acre. ‘Improved French’ is the primary cultivar grown in California. This variety, like most plums, often requires thinning to maintain CP and grower income where fruit size (count per pound) is positively correlated to fruit quality and price to the grower. Mechanical shaking at reference date, ~45 days after full bloom, is now a common thinning practice although questions have been raised regarding the potential benefit to earlier thinning a phantom practice that would have to be chemical thinning. However, in the last two decades, extreme bloom weather can virtually eliminate a prune crop if warm weather precedes bloom. This talk reviews work by University of California researchers towards improving CP through 1) better understanding of the weather related factors contributing to very low fruit set in prunes, 2) testing ‘Improved French’ prune fruit growth development to determine if and when source limited fruit growth occurs, and 3) identifying chemical thinning practices, materials, and rates to remove flowers before fruit set. Early bloom years are those with risk of crop loss due to extended and wet or extremely warm (>27oC) bloom weather conditions. [The risk of freezing damage is relatively low for prunes in CA given usual March bloom timing.] Relative prune fruit growth rate studies revealed resource limited fruit growth occurs ahead of current thinning timings (reference date), so earlier thinning may improve fruit growth and possibly yield compared to the current thinning practice. Finally, potassium thiosulfate (KTS) applied 2x at 1-2% (v/v) shows promise in thinning prunes. Lime sulfur and fish oil can be effective but is inconsistent in bloom thinning. Obstacles to CP of ‘Improved French’ prune include difficulty identifying practices to quantify bloom strength and help grower with the decision to thin or not. In addition, no ‘rescue’ spray has been found to improve fruit set in years with early, risky, bloom. Grower testing of the current research results awaits successful overcoming of the two obstacles listed above.
Speakers
FN

Franz Niederholzer

University of California Cooperative Extension
Co-authors
LM

Luke Milliron

University of California Agriculture Natural Resources
RR

Richard Rosecrance

California State University, Chico
NA
SC

Sara Castro

UC Davis
NA
TD

Ted DeJong

UC Davis
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 3
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source California Prune Board

11:30am CDT

VCM 6 - Quantifying Yield Attributes of Spring Sweet Corn Varieties (Bicolor, White, and Yellow) in the Southeastern USA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
A comprehensive, two-year field evaluation of bicolor, white, and yellow sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) varieties was conducted in southern Georgia during the spring seasons of 2022 and 2024. This research aimed to evaluate the yield and quality performance of commercial supersweet sweet corn varieties for the main kernel color market segments. The experiment was conducted at the Hort Hill Research Farm on the University of Georgia Tifton Campus. A total of ten bicolor, five white, and five yellow sweet corn varieties were used in this study. Significant interactions were observed between years and varieties, impacting ear characteristics and marketability. Overall, 2022 exhibited significantly higher ear and shank lengths, while 2024 had increased blank tip lengths and higher unmarketable ear counts. Among the bicolor varieties, ‘Redemption’ demonstrated exceptional performance with the highest ear length and width measurements, shank length, and the lowest blank tip measurements. ‘Grizzly’ had the lowest ear width, shank length, and highest blank tip measurements, while ‘American Dream’ recorded the shortest ear length. ‘Obsession’ and ‘Seminole Sweet’ had the highest marketable yield and 48-ear boxes per acre, reflecting their superior yield performance, whereas ‘Grizzly’ exhibited the lowest performance parameters, including the lowest marketable yield, total ear counts, and 48-ear boxes per acre. Additionally, ‘Superb’, ‘American Dream’, and ‘Courage’ recorded higher unmarketable ear counts per plot, which ultimately resulted in a significantly lower percentage of marketable ears. For the white varieties, there were no significant differences in ear characteristics and yield parameters. However, the yellow varieties displayed statistically significant differences in ear width and shank length. ‘GSS1170’ excelled, with the highest ear width and shank length, making it an excellent option for yellow corn production. Varieties ‘SC1336,’ ‘Astronaut,’ and ‘Passion’ had significantly higher unmarketable ear counts, with total ear counts also varying significantly among varieties, indicating differences in both productivity and marketability. Based on these research findings, the recommended varieties for optimal performance in ear characteristics and marketability are ‘Obsession’, ‘Seminole Sweet’, and ‘Redemption’ for bicolor corn and ‘GSS1170’ for yellow corn. These varieties exhibited excellent yield performance, making them ideal choices for growers seeking to increase yield. Conversely, since white corn varieties did not exhibit significant differences for any ear characteristics or marketability parameters, no specific recommendations can be made for this category.
Speakers
avatar for Manisha Kumari

Manisha Kumari

Post-Doctoral Research Associate AD, The University of Georgia
Manisha Kumari is a post-doctoral research associate AD at  Horticulture department, University of Georgia, Tifton campus, Tifton 31793, GA, USA.
Co-authors
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 11A

11:45am CDT

CE 7 - Comparison of In-situ Sensors and Pour-through Method of Monitoring Substrate Fertility
Friday August 1, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
The Pour-through method is a recommended best management practice (BMP) for nurseries in Florida for managing nutrient levels in container-grown crops. An investigation into fertility management in container nurseries was conducted by comparing traditional methods of monitoring EC with more recently developed sensor-based technologies. A field experiment was conducted to establish a relationship between sensor-based EC measurements and the pour-through method under two different irrigation methods (sprinkler and drip irrigation) and fertilizer rates (low and high) under open field and high tunnel environments. A sensor system was designed for field deployment, and wireless communication was established to monitor sensor data remotely. Results showed that a correlation could be established under sprinkler irrigation, but no correlation could be established under drip irrigation. Salt stratification was shown to vary significantly with irrigation type, with results suggesting that sensor installation in the center of the container is an optimal choice for monitoring EC of the root zone under multiple irrigation methods. Finally, variation in the data was modeled to determine the minimum number of sensors needed to maintain the same precision as the pour-through method. It was estimated that four sensors per 1000 pots are necessary. However, more sensors may be required to maintain this precision at higher EC levels.
Speakers
YZ

Ying Zhang

Assistant Professor, University of Florida
Co-authors
AM

Ana Martin Ryals

University of Florida
KX

Kaiwen Xiao

University of Florida
NA
ME

Michelle Ezequelle

University of Florida
PF

Paul Fisher

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 7

11:45am CDT

VCM 6 - Agrivoltaics: How Solar Panels Affect Bell Pepper 'SVPB8415' Production
Friday August 1, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Agrivoltaics is a production system that allows for dual land use through the deployment of solar panels for energy production while maintaining agricultural production underneath and/or between solar panels. This study was conducted at the Alliant Solar farm at Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Treatments included bell pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘SVPB8415’) grown between and outside (open-field) the solar panels. For the solar panel treatment, two raised beds with white plastic mulch were created on each side of the single-axis solar tracking panels. Each bed was 19.5m long. Two beds on each side were spaced 1.5m (center to center). Two rows of open-field peppers served as the control treatment. Control beds were 6.7m long. All treatments were replicated three times. Peppers were transplanted on June 6, 2024 at 0.3m spacing, double row. HOBO soil temperature, air temperature, and light intensity sensors were installed on the same day. No pesticides were needed to manage pests. A total of 6 harvests occurred throughout the season on a weekly basis between September 6 and October 14. Plants between the solar panels yielded 52.1 kg per row while the open-field yielded 27.0 kg, a 48% increase in the solar treatment. From June to September, the air temperature was cooler than the control on average by 4 degrees Fahrenheit while the soil temperature was 3 degrees Fahrenheit cooler. Based on first year results, bell peppers show promise within an agrivoltaics production system. More data will be collected in the coming years on plant growth characteristics, soil moisture, and postharvest quality of peppers.
Speakers
RW

Raymond Wilmes

Iowa State University
Co-authors
AN

Ajay Nair

Iowa State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 6

11:59am CDT

QUAL - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 11:59am - 12:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
DL

Daniel Leiva

Research Assistant, Louisiana State University
Friday August 1, 2025 11:59am - 12:00pm CDT
Foster 2

12:00pm CDT

CE 7 - A Cost-Effective 3D-Printed Sensor Network for Water Monitoring in Controlled Environments and Space
Friday August 1, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Timely detection of aqueous analytes is essential for informed decision-making in agriculture, particularly in controlled environments such as greenhouses, vertical farms, and space-based cultivation systems. Traditional aqueous sensing technologies typically depend on single-point measurements, capturing data at fixed times and locations. This constraint limits their ability to detect analytes that may emerge elsewhere in the system or at different intervals. In response, we present an innovative, low-cost sensor platform featuring a 3D-printed housing integrated with a mass-manufactured, nanotextured diffraction surface. This housing includes a lighting element and a camera sensor to enable continuous image-based analysis of water quality. Designed for seamless integration into hydroponic lines, the sensor units are both affordable and easily reproducible, allowing for deployment at multiple points within a system to provide real-time monitoring. Our results demonstrate the sensor’s capability to detect and quantify a range of aqueous analytes—including visible and UV-absorbing compounds, dust particles, and various microalgae species. Our sensor performs similarly to a commercial UV-Vis instrument, often used to measure contaminants present in water. Specifically, calibration curves derived from increased concentrations of a simulated contaminant had a calculated R2 value of 0.998 from the UV-Vis instrument and 0.996 from our device. Performance is further enhanced through machine learning algorithms that improve detection and classification. This scalable and cost-effective sensing system offers a practical solution for real-time water quality assessment across controlled environment agriculture, greenhouse systems, and extraterrestrial farming applications—particularly in contexts where labor is limited and rapid response is critical.
Speakers
AS

Ankit Singh

University of Maine
www.aksapsjb.weebly.com
Friday August 1, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

12:00pm CDT

QUAL - First Season Crop Yield, Soil Chemical Properties, and Heavy Metal Accumulation Responses to Soil Amendments in Organically Grown Sweetpotato
Friday August 1, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
An on-farm field trial was conducted to investigate the feasibility of applying commonly used soil amendments to reduce the accumulation of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) storage roots. The cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was grown in an organically managed field with natural As, Cd, and Pb levels. The following soil amendments were applied: agricultural lime (AGL) (1 t·ac−1), gypsum (GYP) (1 t·ac−1), biochar (BIO) (1 t·ac−1), and silicon provided as wollastonite (WOL) (2.5 t·ac−1). Agricultural lime and WOL increased soil pH and calcium levels, ranging from 14% to 25% and 16% to 90%, respectively. Soil amendments were not associated with storage root yield variation. Wollastonite and BIO were associated with a trend for reduced As, Cd, and Pb in storage roots. These first-season study results suggest that WOL and BIO are potentially useful for follow-up studies to reduce the bioavailability and subsequent uptake of As, Cd, and Pb accumulation in sweetpotato under organic production systems.
Speakers
avatar for Mae Ann Bravo

Mae Ann Bravo

Graduate Student Assistant, Louisiana State University
Co-authors
AV

Arthur Villordon

LSU Agcenter
BT

Brenda Tubana

Louisiana State University
NA
DL

Don La Bonte

Louisiana State Univ
NA
LH

Lorin Harvey

Mississippi State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Foster 2

12:00pm CDT

VCM 6 - Assessing the Efficacy of Green Manure and Mycorrhizae in Reducing Salt Stress on Tomatoes Grown in Miami Dade County, Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Climate change presents a serious challenge for the future of agricultural production, with communities around the world undergoing agroecological disaster as a result of rapidly developing climatic conditions. Among the most pressing concerns for coastal production is sea level rise and salt intrusion into agricultural soils. Such is the case with Florida, which is regarded as a developing “ground zero” of the climate crisis. Along with California, Florida is the largest tomato producer in the country but is greatly at risk from sea level rise and saltwater intrusion, and tomato crop suffers considerably under salt stress. However, regenerative agriculture (RA) techniques present an opportunity for reducing the effects of saltwater intrusion, as they can enhance crop resistance to stresses and facilitate Na leaching out of soil biomes and improve crop yields. This research project aims to test two RA techniques (green manure and mycorrhizal inoculation) as ameliorating agents of salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. “Sanibel”). In greenhouse controlled conditions, two treatments of pigeon pea green manure was applied to soil prior to the planting of tomatoes (0g mulch [control] and 60g) and tomatoes were subject to two mycorrhizae inoculation conditions (no inoculation [control] and inoculation with the salt-resistant species Glomus intraradices). Tomato plants were then subjected to four irrigation water salinities (0, 4, 8, and 12 dS m-1). Saline treatments were prepared using Instant Ocean® Sea Salt and distilled water. Tomato plant chlorophyll content and fruit texture quality parameters were analyzed in order to determine the salt-stress ameliorating efficacy of these regenerative techniques.
Speakers
LC

Luis Cendan

Florida International University
Co-authors
AK

Amir Khoddamzadeh

Florida International University
NA
IA

Imran Ahmad

Florida International University
NA
MN

Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao

United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 11A

12:14pm CDT

Friday Poster Session - 7
Friday August 1, 2025 12:14pm - 1:00pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 12:14pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

QUAL - Pathogen Species Causing Brown Rot of Peaches in Illinois and Efficacy of Fungicides for Managing the Disease
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Pathogen Species Causing Brown Rot of Peaches in Illinois and Efficacy of Fungicides for Managing the Disease Harrison Seitz1, Andrew N. Miller2, and Mohammad Babadoost1 1Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; and 2Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Brown rot is one of the important diseases of peaches in Illinois. This study was conducted to: (i) identify pathogen species causing brown rot disease in commercial peach orchards in Illinois, and (ii) evaluate the efficacy of fungicides for managing the disease. Results of orchard surveys showed 9 of 14, 4 of 8, and 6 of 13 orchards had symptomatic brown rot fruits in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. No blossom blight or shoot blight was observed. Symptomatic fruits were collected from eight peach cultivars throughout the state and the associated fungi were isolated. Based on the cultural characteristics and sequences of the ITS region, 127 of 129 collected isolates were identified as Monilinia fructicola, and two isolates as M. laxa. Fungicide sensitivity of M. fructicola isolates was conducted in the laboratory against azoxystrobin, captan, fenhexamid, trifloxystrobin, penthiopyrad, difenoconazole cyprodinil, fluopyram tebuconazole, fluopyram trifloxystrobin, fluxapyroxad pyraclostrobin, propiconazole, and thiophanate-methyl. The EC50 of azoxystrobin, captan, and penthiopyrad for the colony development of the isolates were significantly (P = 0.05) higher than the other fungicides tested. Field trials were conducted on ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Contender’ peaches for two years to evaluate efficacy of the commercial product of the above-mentioned fungicides. Trees were sprayed with fungicides at 10- and 14-day intervals. Luna Experience 3.34SC (fluopyram tebuconazole), Luna Sensation 4.20SC (fluopyram trifloxystrobin), and Merivon 4.18SC (fluxapyroxad pyraclostrobin) were the most effective fungicides for managing brown rot and other summer diseases of peach.
Speakers
MB

Mohammad Babadoost

University of Illinois
Co-authors
AM

Andrew Miller

University of Illinois
NA
HS

Harrison Seitz

University of Illinois
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Foster 2

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Characterization and Control of Intumescence Development and Leaf Expansion for Capsicum annuum Production in Controlled Environments
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Capsicum annuum (pepper) is an emerging crop for controlled environment production that is susceptible to intumescence. Intumescence is a physiological disorder characterized by unrestricted cellular growth causing protruding lesions, ultimately leading to epidermal rupture. While the causative factor for this disorder remains unknown, water stress is commonly implicated and end-of-day (EOD) lighting has been identified as a potential strategy for mitigating intumescence development. However, the timing of pepper leaf area expansion and intumescence development as well as appropriate lighting strategies for their control have yet to be determined. The objectives of this work were to 1) determine the timing of leaf area expansion to better inform EOD or pre-dawn (PD) lighting applications for intumescence suppression; 2) quantify the impact of low-intensity lighting applications on pepper leaf morphology; and 3) determine the role of water stress in the occurrence of intumescence development for pepper. Pepper ‘Pot-a-Peño’, ‘Spicy Jane’, and ‘California Wonder’ were grown in 15-cm pots in a common greenhouse environment. For Objective 1, three weeks after transplant, one uniform leaf on each plant was tagged and plants were evaluated twice a day (0700 and 1900) for one week. For Objective 2, plants were subjected to 30-minute lighting treatments at an intensity of 25 μmol·m·−2·s−1 for two weeks provided at either EOD with blue (EOD-B; 447 nm), red (EOD-R; 659 nm), or far-red light (EOD-FR; 734 nm), or PD with blue light (PD-B; 447 nm). For Objective 3, plants were either maintained at 70% field capacity (control) or allowed a single event of reaching 40% field capacity prior to watering. Intumescence development was visually monitored twice a day (0900 and 1700) during the water stress event. For Objective 1, leaf area expansion was 46%, 34%, and 94% greater at night (1900-0700) compared to the day (0700-1900) for ‘Spicy Jane’, ‘Pot-a-Peño’, and ‘California Wonder’, respectively. For Objective 2, responses to lighting treatments were cultivar specific. For example, after two weeks, imaged leaf area was lowest under EOD-B for ‘Pot-a-Peño’ and greatest under EOD-FR for ‘Spicy Jane’. For Objective 3, intumescence development was observed on all cultivars subjected to water stress post returning to field capacity, with no incidence of the disorder for control plants. These results will help in the prediction of intumescence development for pepper produced in controlled environments and inform decisions regarding the timing of possible suppression methods to control this disorder.
Speakers
CD

Courtney Dunbar

Colorado State University
NA
Co-authors
JC

Joshua Craver

Colorado State University
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Comparative Evaluation of Hydroponic and In-Ground Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulb Production
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Global demand for high-quality onion bulbs is rising, and there is a need for innovative, resource-efficient cultivation systems that stabilize production while mitigating soil-related limitations. Hydroponic cultivation systems, widely adopted for high-value crops, offer a promising alternative by enabling precise environmental control, optimized nutrient management, and reduced exposure to soil-borne diseases and weed competition. However, hydroponic methods for onion bulb production remain underexplored despite their success in other vegetable crops. Knowledge gaps exist in root-zone aeration dynamics, nutrient uptake efficiency, and the economic scalability of hydroponic systems for onion production. The objective was to determine the growth performance, bulb quality, yield, and financial feasibility of growing onion varieties across these systems. This study evaluated the comparative performance of three onion varieties: Candy Onion (intermediate-day), Walla Walla Onion (long-day), and Yellow Sweet Spanish Onion (long-day), grown under three hydroponic systems (Deep Water Culture (DWC), Kratky, and Drip Irrigation) along with inground production. The study followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Key growth parameters, such as plant height, leaf number, and chlorophyll content, were recorded each week. Yield attributes, including bulb diameter, weight, total fresh and dry biomass, and harvest index, were analyzed after harvest. Moreover, bulb quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), sulfur content, and pungency (pyruvic acid concentration) were assessed for consumer acceptability. The economic evaluation considered were the cost of cultivation, gross and net returns, and the benefit-cost ratio to determine the financial viability of hydroponic onion production for small-scale farmers in Kentucky. Despite the higher initial setup cost, hydroponic systems are projected to provide about 25% greater financial returns by reducing labor, pesticide, and fertilizer expenses, making them a sustainable solution for onion production. This study provided insight for farmers, researchers, and policymakers on integrating hydroponic technology for enhanced onion production, economic profitability, and sustainable agricultural practices. Further studies are necessary to validate the findings and guide best-practice recommendations for optimizing onion cultivation and supporting year-round production in Kentucky and beyond.
Speakers
SK

Srijana Kandel

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
JH

James Howard

Kentucky State University
NA
MC

Milon Chowdhury

Kentucky State University
SD

Siddhartha Dasgupta

Kentucky State University
NA
TN

THEONESTE NZARAMYIMANA

Kentucky State University
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Enhanced Airflow Improves the Growth and Morphology of the Common Biopharming Plant Nicotiana Benthamiana
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
In recent years, a technology called biopharming, in which plants are used to produce pharmaceuticals, enzymes, and other high-value proteins, has been commercialized. Infiltrating the plants via the stomata, with genes that encode for these proteins, is a critical step in biopharming, but there is limited research on how to manipulate plant morphology to optimise this process. In this study, we investigated how increasing the airflow in a hydroponic system under vertical farm condition affects the growth and morphology of Nicotiana benthamiana, the plant most commonly used in biopharming. The plants were grown in a hydroponic system under vertical farm condition equipped with LED lights, with a photoperiod of 16 hours light/8 hours dark, and a photosynthetic photon flux density of 160-180 µmol m-2 s-1. The growing beds were filled with liquid fertilizer with an electrical conductivity of 1.6 dS cm-1 and a pH of 6.0 ± 0.5. Seeds of Nicotiana benthamiana L. were sown in urethane cubes and transplanted onto the bed. In a preliminary experiment, the fresh weight, plant height, and number of leaves were measured to investigate the growth of Nicotiana benthamiana under hydroponic conditions, and at 30 days after transplanting was determined to be the optimum number of growing days for use as a control regime in the present study. The enhanced air-flow treatment employed a constant wind speed of 0.1 to 0.2 ms-1, and strategically placed air ducts were used to ensure that each plant was evenly exposed. Seven plants (each had 8 to 10 leaves) were harvested, of which the first, third, and fifth leaves were used to measure leaf area and perform stomatal observations. Applying the enhanced air-flow treatment increased the fresh weight and average stomatal aperture of the plants by 1.2 and 1.1-fold, respectively. Leaf area was also increased markedly by 1.8-fold, compared to the control regime. The same results were obtained after three replications, indicating that the method is reproducible. These results suggest that airflow is an important environmental factor that could influence the efficiency of the infiltration process in biopharming.
Speakers
MB

Miyuki Baba

Meiji University
Co-authors
TI

Takashi Ikeda

Meiji university
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Evaluation of seaweed species on growth and physiological responses of tomato seedling exposed to heat stress
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Brown seaweed extracts, particularly Ascophyllum nodosum (AN), have shown beneficial effects on improving plant physiology, flower development and abiotic stress tolerance in various crops. However, limited research has been conducted on other seaweed species, such as Ecklonia maxima (EM) and Macrocystis pyrifera (MP). This study aimed to evaluate the thermotolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings in response to the application of three seaweed extracts, AN, EM and MP (1% v/v). ‘Big Beef’ tomato seedlings were root-drenched with seaweed extracts at transplanting and grown for 35 days with weekly foliar application in growth chambers set at 26/19°C (day/night, 16/8 h) for control and 33/26°C for mild heat stress treatments. Under heat stress, AN and EM treatments significantly increased shoot fresh weight by 12.5% and 10.8%, respectively, compared to the control, while MP treatments showed no significant differences. Also, seedlings treated with MP showed a numerical increase in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’) by 12.8% and a reduction in leaf electrolyte leakage by 19.8% compared to the control under heat stress. However, no significant thermotolerance effects of seaweed extracts were observed in SPAD, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), pollen count and viability. In conclusion, the application of seaweed extracts provided differential response to thermotolerance benefits of tomato seedlings under mild heat stress conditions, with AN and EM enhancing shoot biomass and MP showing potential in mitigating physiological heat stress damage.
Speakers Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Extension of Tomato Production Season in Oklahoma using High Tunnel
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Open field cultivation of specialty crops such as tomato is challenging in Oklahoma due to unpredictable weather. In open fields, early planting of tomato seedlings during spring is hampered due to damaging chill weather conditions. On the other hand, higher temperatures during the summer months severely limit productivity. Furthermore, insect pests and disease pressure are high in open field conditions. As a result, the production cost per unit area is high. With the objective to develop cost effective and profitable production systems, tomato production in high tunnel was evaluated in Oklahoma. Six tomato cultivars including beefsteak and cherry types were evaluated in high tunnel at Langston University, OK during spring-summer season in 2023. High tunnel kept warm during the early seedlings establishment period and allowed early planting in spring by six weeks compared to open field cultivation. Similarly, by covering the roof with 45% shade cloth, a continuous harvest was achieved throughout the summer until third week of September. Study revealed the beefsteak tomato cultivars produced higher marketable fruit yield compared to cherry types. The marketable fruit yield of six evaluated tomato cultivars were in the range of 44.3 ton/ha - 77.12 ton/ha. Similarly, total soluble solid (brix %) content in high tunnel grown tomatoes were in the range of 5.1 % - 6.1%. Our study shows the early growth, season extension, and high yield of tomatoes due to use of high tunnels, and small - medium or limited resources farmers could benefit from it.
Speakers Co-authors
DJ

David Jones

Langston University
NA
KD

Kamal da Silva

Langston University
NA
LK

Leonard Kibet

Langston University
NA
RB

Richardson Boateng

Langston University
NA
RS

Rose Salomon

Langston University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 3

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Improving Bell Pepper Harvest with Inter-canopy Lighting in Northern Greenhouses
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Heating cost and low light limit greenhouse winter production in the north. Improved technologies can now support more efficient light delivery and interception. The greenhouse bell pepper cultivars Brocanto (yellow), Milena (orange) and Olly (red) were chosen to assess inter-canopy lighting with overhead high-pressure sodium irradiance. In addition to HPS, LED fixtures for in canopy placement were evaluated (GE current Arize® Integral). Plants were grown in a high-wire drip irrigation system using dutch bato buckets (17.7 L volume). The photoperiod was 16-h, day temperature 22 ± 2°C and reduced to 18 ± 2°C during the night. One or two horizontal LED bars were positioned and adjusted within 30 cm of the top of the plants throughout the study. In treatments with two LED bars, the bars were placed 30 cm (12 inches) apart. The intensity (400-700 nm) horizontally from the LEDs and measured at the location of the plant stems averaged 195 ± 30 µmol m-2s-1. Overhead HPS provided ~130 ± 20 µmol m-2s-1, 100 cm below the fixtures. Natural light was seasonally limited during the study. Seeds were sown on 29 Aug and one plant was transplanted into each container 50 d later (17 Oct). Lower leaves were removed as fruit ripened and the study was terminated at a plant height of ~180 to 200 cm. Colored peppers were first harvested 79 d from transplant (4 Jan) and the study was discontinued 8 weeks later. Plants grown with two LED bars produced higher yields than those with one bar or only HPS lighting. Olly produced 1.3 ± 0.09 kg under HPS, 2.2 ± 0.16 kg (one bar) and 3.2 ± 0.02 kg (2 bars) per plant while both Brocanto and Milena yielded 1.6 ± 0.19 kg under HPS, 2.3 ± 0.19 kg with one bar and 2.7 ± 0.09 kg (Milena) or 2.9 ± 0.10 kg (Brocanto) with two LED bars. The LEDs also increased the number of harvested peppers. For Olly, ten peppers were harvested on plants with only HPS and increased to 15 and 20 peppers with the LED bars. Six more peppers per plant were harvested with interlighting for Brocanto and Milena. The pepper size remained similar across treatments for Brocanto (197 ± 12.4 g) and Milena (170 ± 10.0 g). For Olly, the pepper size increased from 129 ± 6.0 g (HPS) to 161 ± 5.4 g with two LED inter-canopy bars.
Speakers
MK

Meriam Karlsson

University of Alaska Fairbanks
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

HSMP - Assessing micropropagated ginger cultivars and generations on growth and rhizome yield in a high tunnel
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Previous research demonstrated that tissue culture (TC) ginger grown in a high tunnel (HT) produced a higher yield than traditionally seed-sprouted ginger. This study further investigated any significant changes between generations of TC ginger in a HT. We studied 6 cultivars (BB, BG, BK, HY, KM, and MD) from two TC generations (TCF1 and TCF2). TCF1 seedlings were initially acclimated in a greenhouse and then transplanted into HT with TCF2 seed in June 2024. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with 3 replications (blocks) per TC generation, 12 plots per block, 8 plants per plot (5 plants for HY) for a total number of 576 plants. Data collected: stem number
Speakers
GY

Guochen Yang

Professor and Graduate Program Coordinator, Oversight Coordinator for University Hemp Program, North Carolina A&T State University
Co-authors
DT

Daniel Tetteh

North Carolina A
NA
HT

Hannah Talton

North Carolina A
NA
JR

Julia Robinson

North Carolina A
NA
RM

Radiah Minor

North Carolina A
NA
TM

Trequan McGee

North Carolina A
WL

William Lashley

North Carolina A
ZM

Zipporia Moore

North Carolina A
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

HSMP - Growing Medicinal Plants in the Arid Southwest
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Water scarcity is one of the largest challenges to agricultural resilience in the increasingly arid Southwest. An important question is if expanding organic systems can support small farms to achieve the water demand reductions needed to preserve cultivation across agricultural valleys while also achieving overall agricultural resilience. Evaluating and selecting high value crops like medicinal plants for drought and heat tolerance might also lead to alternative crops that are suited for this environment. Organic systems and alternative crops could be critical for resilience, and our project’s goal was to identify crops and practices that are culturally relevant to small farmers in the southwest. High value crops with medicinal properties were cultivated using organic farming practices. A replicated split-field design trial of nine plant species including transplanted and seeded were grown for one season and were monitored for establishment, yield, and growth traits. First year data indicates that out of the nine species, only primrose (Oenethera biennis), tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius), spilanthes (Acmella oleracea), calendula (Calendula officinalis) and marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) were successfully established after transplanting seedlings in May 2024, however none of the direct seeded plants germinated. Spilanthes medicinal flowers were harvested from August till October, and calendula flowers were harvested from August till December. The perennials that over wintered successfully are producing new growth for a second season are calendula, and marshmallow. Our conclusions after the first year of establishment are that transplanting these high value crops is a better option than direct seeding. In addition, overwintering of perennial plants that have established are a viable option for farmers. For future work, amount of water needed for growth and quality of each species will be measured.
Speakers
avatar for Ivette Guzman

Ivette Guzman

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
CV

Ciro Velasco-Cruz

New Mexico State University
NA
CM

Connie Maxwell

New Mexico State University
NA
KL

Kevin Lombard

New Mexico State University
Kevin Lombard is a Professor of Horticulture and Research Director of the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, a 250 acre research farm uniquely located on the Navajo Nation. His research encompasses specialty crop evaluations including grapes, fruit... Read More →
KR

Kristen Ramos

New Mexico State University
RH

Robert Heyduck

New Mexico State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Herbs; Spices and Medicinal Plants
  • Subject Herbs Spices and Medicinal Plants
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA ORG GR0007385
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

12:15pm CDT

HSMP - Impact Evaluation of Color Shading on Tissue Culture Ginger Growth, Rhizome Yield, and Physiology
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Ginger requires proper shading for optimum growth and rhizome yield. However, literature on individual color shading’s effects was limited. Under light stress, morphological and physiological traits change. Since 2023, we have studied how different color shading impacts growth, rhizome yield, and phytochemical composition of micropropagated ginger. Tissue culture ginger seedlings (cultivar Madonna) were transplanted in March in a greenhouse, then in June into 50-gallon grow containers, 12 plants per container in a 2:1 metro mix:compost substrate. A completely randomized design was used, with 12 color shade treatments and 12 replications per treatment at NCA
Speakers
WL

William Lashley

North Carolina A
Co-authors
DT

Daniel Tetteh

North Carolina A
NA
GY

Guochen Yang

North Carolina A
HT

Hannah Talton

North Carolina A
NA
JR

Julia Robinson

North Carolina A
NA
RM

Radiah Minor

North Carolina A
NA
TM

Trequan McGee

North Carolina A
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Herbs; Spices and Medicinal Plants

12:15pm CDT

HSMP - Pot Size Influences Establishment Of Vanilla planifolia In The USVI
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Vanilla planifolia, is a species of vanilla orchid native to Mexico. It is known specifically for its extract known as vanillin, which is used as a flavorful ingredient in food, beverages, cosmetics and perfumes. Vanilla plants, brought in from tissue culture, were planted in 10 or 15-gallon pots in media containing tree bark vermiculite and peat moss (1:1:1). Support for aerial roots involved rolling wired fencing and burlap together and placing eight-inch square mason blocks in each pot. The orchids were measured monthly for length and number of leaves. Results indicate that pot size had a slight influence on the plant growth of the vanilla plants. In the 10-gallon pots, the orchids grew to an average length of 126.5 cm, while the 15-gallon pots grew to an average length of 169.9 cm. The burlap also provided adequate space for the aerial roots to grow into over time. A 15-gallon pot, containing tree bark vermiculite and peat moss (1:1:1) was the most effective pot size to use for establishing vanilla plants. Vanilla p. can be established well in the subtropical climate of the USVI.
Speakers
DR

Daryl Richards Jr

Univ. Virgin Islands
NA
Co-authors
TZ

Thomas Zimmerman

University of the Virgin Islands School of Agriculture
XW

Xingbo Wu

University of Florida
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Herbs; Spices and Medicinal Plants

12:15pm CDT

HSMP - Sap Yield of Boxelder and Norway Maple and Syrup Production in Missoula, Montana
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Consumers increasingly demand locally sourced agricultural products and are willing to pay premium prices for novel and unique offerings. Maple syrup is a significant agricultural commodity in the United States, with a total market value of $158.67 million in 2023 and 5.86 million gallons produced in 2024 (USDA NASS, 2024). However, annual maple syrup production timing and yields vary widely by year and region, largely depending on climatic conditions. Expanding maple syrup production to western states could help meet the growing demand while providing additional income for landowners in areas where maple resources have not traditionally been utilized. Boxelder (Acer negundo) is native to the Intermountain West, while Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and other non-native maple species are common in urban and suburban areas of the region. Despite this, limited research has assessed the potential of these species for syrup production, highlighting the need for further study to support this emerging industry. On 10 Feb 2022, 11 Mar 2023, 4 Feb 2024, sap collection bags (18.93 L) were installed for tapping 20 boxelder (diameter at breast height (DBH) = 26.2 ± 3.7 cm) and 20 Norway maple (DBH = 29.5 ± 5.8 cm) trees in Missoula, MT. Sap was collected regularly to determine the yield for each tree from 11 Feb to 24 Mar 2022; 12 Mar to 9 Apr 2023; 5 Feb to 17 Mar 2024. Linear regressions were used to analyze cumulative sap yield over time, comparing data from the two maple species across three years. Maple trees exhibited varying sap yields across different years. In Missoula, MT, boxelder trees had seasonal sap yields of 9.21, 18.86, and 16.81 L during the 42-, 29-, and 42-day tapping periods, respectively. Norway maple trees produced seasonal sap yields of 28.38, 15.45, and 30.15 L during the 42-, 29-, and 42-day tapping periods, respectively. Boxelder trees yielded significantly more sap per day in 2023 compared with 2022, whereas Norway maple trees maintained relatively consistent daily sap yields across three years. Montana Mapleworks, the only commercially licensed maple syrup producer in the Intermountain West, produced 30, 20, 55, and 55 gallons of maple syrup in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
Speakers
YS

Youping Sun

Dr. Sun is an Associate Professor of Landscape Horticulture whose research focuses on understanding the whole-plant response to water stress, with an emphasis on water conservation, and developing protocols to produce native plants. He is the principal investigator for the ‘Climate... Read More →
Co-authors
DK

David Knudson

Montana MapleWorks
NA
XD

Xin Dai

Utah State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Herbs; Spices and Medicinal Plants
  • Subject Herbs Spices and Medicinal Plants
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA Agricultural Marketing Service Acer Access and Development Program, USDA NIFA Hatch Project UTA01666, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, and Center for Water-Efficient Landscaping

12:15pm CDT

HSMP - Sap Yield of Boxelder Trees in Montana, Utah and Wyoming
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The value of maple syrup production in the United States was $159 million in 2024, a 17% increase from the previous year. The timing and yield of maple syrup production vary widely between years and regions, depending heavily on climatic conditions. Expanding maple syrup production to western states could help meet the ever-increasing demand for syrup and provide additional income for landowners in areas where maple resources have not traditionally been utilized. Boxelder (Acer negundo), native to the Intermountain West, and other non-native maple species are common in urban and suburban areas of the region. However, limited research has assessed the potential of these species for syrup production in the Intermountain West. On 11 Mar 2023, sap collection bags (18.9 L) were installed to tap 20 boxelder trees (diameter at breast height (DBH) = 26.2 ± 3.7 cm, mean ± SD) in Missoula, MT. On 1 Mar. 2023, buckets (11.4 L) were installed to tap 30 boxelder trees (DBH = 42.6 ± 13.3 cm) in Logan, Providence, and Smithfield, UT. On 27 Feb 2023, buckets (11.4 L) were installed to tap 30 boxelder trees (DBH = 28.4 ± 8.8 cm) at the Sybille Research Site, Wheatland, WY. Sap was collected regularly to determine yield per tree from 12 Mar to 9 Apr 2023, in Montana; 2 Mar to 10 Apr 2023, in Utah; and 2 Mar to 1 May 2023, in Wyoming. Temperature data were obtained from the National Weather Service. A logistic model was used to fit the cumulative sap yield over time, comparing data from the three states. The location of boxelder trees significantly impacted sap yield. Seasonal sap yields were 18.9, 34.4, and 41.1 L per tree in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming, respectively, during the 29-, 41-, and 63-day tapping periods. Boxelder trees in Montana produced significantly higher daily sap yields than those in Utah and Wyoming, likely due to the shorter tapping season. With a similar tapping start date in Utah and Wyoming, boxelder trees in Utah began producing sap earlier than those in Wyoming, which may be related to temperature differences. However, boxelder trees in Wyoming yielded a greater total sap volume than those in Utah and Montana.
Speakers
YS

Youping Sun

Dr. Sun is an Associate Professor of Landscape Horticulture whose research focuses on understanding the whole-plant response to water stress, with an emphasis on water conservation, and developing protocols to produce native plants. He is the principal investigator for the ‘Climate... Read More →
Co-authors
AP

Abby Perry

University of Wyoming Extension
NA
BS

Brian Sebade

University of Wyoming
NA
DK

David Knudson

Montana MapleWorks
NA
JM

Jesse Mathews

Utah State University
NA
XD

Xin Dai

Utah State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Herbs; Spices and Medicinal Plants
  • Subject Herbs Spices and Medicinal Plants
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA Agricultural Marketing Service Acer Access and Development Program, USDA NIFA Hatch Project UTA01666, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, and Center for Water-Efficient Landscaping

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Associated Bacteria Increase Concentrations of Plant Growth Promoting Chemicals in vitro
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Bacteria associate with plants across diverse ecosystems, including agroecosystems, where they often benefit plant growth by increasing nutrient availability and mitigating stress, leading to improved productivity. Cranberries are clonally propagated perennials grown in highly acidic soils, where beneficial bacteria could help reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer and enhance nutrient availability, supporting plant health in the long term. We isolated 102 putative phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in Pikovskaya’s Agar, and 112 putative plant hormone-synthesizing bacteria in Czapek Dox Agar, and assessed their metabolic function using specific assays: malachite green assay for phosphorus solubilization and a tryptophan-IAA assay for plant hormone synthesis. We found that of our 102 isolated phosphorus bacteria, 29 could solubilize more than 100 μM of phosphorus bound to iron within three days. Of the 112 hormone-synthesizing bacteria, 38 produced more than 20 μg/mL of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) within three days. Next, we will assess these bacteria in soils associated with plants by inoculating cranberry plants under sterile and non-sterile environments and monitoring plant growth responses. This approach aims to reduce fertilizer costs and environmental impact by enhancing water quality and bolstering cranberry crop health.
Speakers
JR

Jessica Rohde

University of Wisconsin-Madison
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Effects of Varying Rates of Irrigation and Potassium Fertilization on the growth of Dendrocalamus asper in Florida.
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Bamboo is a perennial crop cultivated for different purposes such as production of edible shoots, timber and energy, and an effective medium for carbon sequestration. Bamboo production in the United States has gained significant interest over the past two decades due to its many benefits. Despite this progress, there is still a knowledge gap regarding nutrient and irrigation management recommendations for bamboo production for the unique Florida agroecological conditions. Fertilizer and irrigation are important crop management strategies for supplying plants with adequate nutrients and water for plant growth and productivity. Understanding the nexus between plants, water-use efficiency, and nutrient uptake is critical for sustainable bamboo production. A 4 x 4 factorial completely randomized design consisting of four irrigation rates (50% evapotranspiration (ET), 75% ET, 100% ET, and 125% ET) and four potassium application rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 lbs K/acre), replicated 5 times was established under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that different K levels did not have any significant effect on culm height and stomatal conductance. The 125% ET showed the highest culm height in the first month but in the following month, the 75% ET and 100% ET resulted in the greatest heights suggesting that reasonable culm height can still be achieved while conserving water. The 100% ET and 75% ET resulted in higher stomatal conductance compared to 125% ET and 50% ET. This implies that excessive irrigation and low irrigation rates may limit stomatal regulations and overall water use.
Speakers
LA

Labake Agunbiade

Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida
Co-authors
DK

Davie Kadyampakeni

Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida
NA
MN

Marcio Nunes

University of Florida
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Evaluating Nitrogen Mineralization and CO₂ Respiration Responses to Organic Amendments in Soil Incubation
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Understanding how organic amendments influence nitrogen (N) mineralization and carbon (C) respiration is essential for improving soil health and nutrient management in agroecosystems. This study, conducted by the Spring 2025 PSC 5560 Soil Analytical Techniques class at Utah State University, investigated the effects of various organic materials on soil N mineralization and CO₂ respiration through a controlled laboratory incubation. Six treatments were applied to a homogenized loamy soil collected from 0–30 cm depth: Miller compost, softwood compost, hardwood compost, wheat straw, feather meal, and an unamended control. Each treatment was mixed with soil and incubated in sealed mason jars under moist conditions for 35 days. CO₂ evolution was monitored via headspace gas sampling and analyzed with gas chromatography. Inorganic N (NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻) was quantified on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 35 through KCl extraction and spectrophotometric analysis. Results showed that respiration rates and mineral N release varied by treatment, reflecting differences in organic matter quality. Feather meal, with the lowest C:N ratio (3.8), released the highest levels of mineral N early in the incubation, although it did not fit the first-order kinetic model. Wheat straw, with a high C:N ratio (80.0), showed high cumulative CO₂ evolution, suggesting substantial microbial activity despite limited N mineralization. Compost treatments exhibited intermediate responses. Rate constants (k) for both C and N mineralization differed significantly among treatments, with feather meal and wheat straw showing the fastest rates for N and C, respectively. First-order kinetic modeling provided estimates for potentially mineralizable N (No) and C (Co), highlighting the variability in amendment quality. While No did not differ significantly across treatments due to high variability, k values indicated differing mineralization dynamics. These findings underscore the importance of selecting organic amendments based on crop nutrient demands and decomposition behavior. This work demonstrates the utility of laboratory incubation assays for evaluating compost quality and forecasting nutrient release. Future directions include field-scale validation and microbial community profiling to better understand the mechanisms behind observed differences in decomposition and nutrient cycling.
Speakers
IA

Isiaka Azeez

Utah State University
Co-authors
JN

Jeanette Norton

Utah State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Nutrient Management 1

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Fertilizer nitrogen effect on cranberry fruit rot
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Nitrogen (N) is the most important element that influences both vegetative growth and fruiting in cranberry production. While many factors such as cultivar, age and vigor of vines are important, soil fertility is one of the most important factors impacting yield and fruit quality. The high fertilizer N used to support increased yield potential of new cranberry second generation hybrids can result in increased vegetative growth, thus creating a dense canopy resulting in a microclimate with high relative humidity (RH). Humid conditions during the warm summer months encourage the expression of cranberry fruit rot (CFR). The goal of this study was to determine the effect of N application rate on CFR occurrence in ‘Stevens’ and ‘Mullica Queen’ at the UMass Cranberry Station in East Wareham, Massachusetts. To measure biophysical data, we deployed micro climatic sensors in each treatment to measure ambient temperature and RH. Four N rates were used ranging from 46 kg N ha-1 to 112 kg N ha-1 in a replicated RCBD experiment. Fruit samples were collected at harvest from each treatment and used to measure total anthocyanin content (TAcy) by extraction with 0.2 N HCL. Cranberry biomass in both cultivars increased with increase in N rate and so did fruit rot. Fruit yield increased with N rate up to a point then it started to decline as rate increased. High N rate of 112 kg N ha-1 was associated with a low canopy temperature, and high RH compared to 46 kg N ha-1 in both cultivars. Total anthocyanins in the fruit decreased with N rate in both cultivars. Our results seem to suggest that high N rate encourage fruit rot expression.
Speakers
BM

Brian Makeredza

University of Massachusetts
Co-authors
GM

Giverson Mupambi

University of Massachusetts Amherst
PJ

Peter Jeranyama

University of Massachusetts Amherst
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Iron Biofortification Of Collard Greens: A Comparative Study To Analyze Efficiency Of Different Iron Fertilizers In Foliar Application
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiency) is a global problem, with iron, zinc and selenium being the highly contributing members. Among these, iron deficiency is the most concerning. Deficiency of iron during pregnancy or in earlier childhood impairs the cognitive and behavioural development of children. Since the loss of iron from human body is minimal, iron deficiency occurs mainly because of insufficient intake. Therefore, increasing the iron content of vegetables (biofortification) is necessary, in order to meet the daily nutritional needs of humans. We conducted a field study in Fall 2024, comparing different iron fertilizers (FESO4, Fe-EDTA
Speakers
BJ

Bhupinder Jatana

Assistant Professor -Horticulture, Clemson University
Co-authors
AK

Arshdeep Kaur

Clemson University
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Phosphorus Fixation Dynamics in Quartz, Mixed Media, and Soils of Northeastern Florida and Its Effect on Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Growth and Yield
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient essential for plant growth and development, involved in root formation, photosynthesis, and metabolic processes such as energy transfer, cell division and others. Phosphorus leaching is a crucial concern due to nutrient loss and eutrophication of water bodies. This study aimed to evaluate growth performance, yield, and phosphorus uptake efficiency of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) across three different growth mediums: (1) Quartz Sand, (2) 50% Quartz 50% Soil, and (3) Soil. Additionally, bioavailable orthophosphate content in leachates and the impact of different phosphorus application rates on crop productivity were assessed. Two phosphorus application treatments: (1) a single application of 120 lbs/acre and (2) a split application of 20 lbs/acre applied weekly over a period of six weeks. Leachate samples were collected and analyzed weekly to determine phosphorus availability trends. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, and yield parameters including the number of pods per plant and pod weight were recorded to evaluate crop performance. Phosphorus uptake efficiency was assessed to determine how different growth media and fertilization strategies influence nutrient utilization. Results showed that Quartz retained the least phosphorus, leading to higher orthophosphate concentrations in leachates. The mixed medium of 50% Quartz 50% Soil exhibited intermediate retention, while Soil treatments retained the most phosphorus, resulting in the lowest leachate orthophosphate levels. Overtime, the split application of 20 lbs/acre provided more stable phosphorus availability compared to the single high-dose application, which led to an initial peak followed by a significant decline. Plants under mixed media and split application present the higher crop performance and yield. These findings highlight the role of growth medium composition and fertilization strategy in phosphorus retention and availability. The study suggests that combining appropriate growth media and phosphorus application rates can maximize Snap Bean productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. Further research should explore the interactions of these factors under diverse environmental conditions to develop best practices for phosphorus management and sustainable agriculture.
Speakers
EM

Elena Maximo

University of Florida
Co-authors
GL

Guodong Liu

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Nutrient Management 1

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Plant Growth and Physiological Responses to Biostimulant Tetradesmus deserticola of Lettuce in Containerized Silica Sand
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Sustainable fresh vegetable crop production using lunar regolith as a growth media is critical for establishing large-scale space farming on the lunar surface. While lunar regolith contains essential mineral nutrients, it lacks organic carbon and nitrogen, which limits mineral bioavailability and nutrient-holding capacity. Tetradesmus deserticola is a terrestrial, photosynthetic algae that self-propagate in minimal media using light and carbon dioxide. It contributes organic matter to marginal soils through photosynthesis and has been used as biostimulant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of T. deserticola inoculation on the growth, physiological, and morphological responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants at ammonium nitrate rates of 0, 1, and 2 mM, and 15N–3.9P–10K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) at rates from 0 to 8.4 g·L-1 in a containerized silica sand media. Lettuce seeds were sown in the containerized media and inoculated with dried T. deserticola. After seed emergence, plants were irrigated with nitrogen-free Hoagland’s solution supplemented with ammonium nitrate or top-dressed with CRF at rates from 0 to 8.4 g·L-1. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in leachate were recorded weekly. Gas exchange rates were measured, and plants were harvested 59 days after sowing to assess growth and morphological responses. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration and EC in leachate increased with increasing levels of ammonium nitrate in the Hoagland’s solution and CRF rates. In addition, the plant growth index and relative chlorophyll content of leaves was enhanced with the increase of ammonium nitrate levels and CRF application rate. Compared with non-inoculated plants, lettuce inoculated with T. deserticola showed higher plant growth index and relative leaf chlorophyll content when receiving nitrogen-free Hoagland’s solutions with 0, 1, and 2 mM of ammonium nitrate. However, the inoculation of T. deserticola did not increase plant growth index and relative chlorophyll content for plants treated with CRF. The T. deserticola inoculation enhanced growth and physiology of the Romaine lettuce at ammonium nitrate levels ranging from 0 to 2 mM. However, T. deserticola did not affect plant development when the plants were treated with CRF. Under the conditions of this study, the effects of T. deserticola inoculation on plant growth differed between fertilizer management.
Speakers
NA

Nintya Avriantari

University of Wyoming
Co-authors
DC

David Claypool

University of Wyoming
DH

Drea Hineman

University of Wyoming
NA
GD

Gioia D. Massa

NASA Kennedy Space Center
NA
JC

Ji-Jhong Chen

University of Wyoming
JS

John S. Oakey

University of Wyoming
NA
MF

Mady Fagan

University of Wyoming
NA
SB

Scott B. Jones

Utah State University
NA
SM

Shawna M. McBride

University of Wyoming
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Nutrient Management 1
  • Subject Plant Nutrient Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source NASA EPSCoR Rapid Response Research (R3) Grant#: WY-80NSSC24M0162, University of Wyoming Science Initiative Seed Grant: Living Materials, Wyoming Space Grant Consortium Faculty Research Initiation, University of Wyoming College of Agriculture, Life Sciences, & Natural Resources, Office of Research and Economic Development Designated, Department of Plant Sciences. Y-Cross Scholarship. United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Plant Sciences Hatch Funds (WYO-631-22)

12:15pm CDT

PNM 2 - Response of young Dendrocalamus asper to variable rate phosphorus fertilization dynamics in a controlled environment
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Fertilizers are commonly applied to bamboo to enhance quality and productivity. Bamboo is widely used for consumption, construction, and fabrication. Bamboo production has expanded to 690 ha in Florida. However, there are no clear phosphorus (P) fertilization guidelines, despite P playing a crucial role in plant growth and production. This study evaluated the effects of varying P rates on Dendrocalamus asper under greenhouse conditions. Two trials were conducted on one-year-old bamboo plants at different P rates (0, 22.4, 44.8, and 89.6 kg P ha-1) for five months in 2023 and 2024. Growth, physiological parameters, and biomass accumulation were assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with a linear mixed model for repeated measures. Results showed that P fertilization significantly influenced bamboo growth, culm biomass accumulation, culm production, and chlorophyll content across both years. The highest biomass in culms, total biomass, number of culms, and clump height occurred at 22.4 and 44.8 kg P ha-1 in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Higher P rates (44.8 and 89.6 kg P ha-1) increased below-ground biomass. The highest P rate (89.6 kg P ha-1) increased soil P by 74% in 2023 and 84% in 2024 from the initial concentration. Soil P positively correlated with Ca in 2023 and K in 2024. Although no clear optimal P rate was established, moderate P application (22.4-44.8 kg P ha-1) benefited young bamboo growth. These findings provide a foundation for developing P fertilization guidelines in Florida. Further field-scale studies are needed to determine the optimal application rate.
Speakers
avatar for CYRUS JANUARIE

CYRUS JANUARIE

Graduate Research Assistant, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Soil nutrient managementStatistical data analysisField research 
Co-authors
DK

Davie Kadyampakeni

University of Florida
NA
JV

Joao Vendramini

University of Florida
NA
LS

Lakesh Sharma

University of Florida
Dr. Lakesh Sharma is an assistant professor of soil fertility and sustainable agriculture at the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL. Lakesh has been farming since he was a child on his own farm. His academic school journey started in 2000. He is currently working on nutrient... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Agrivoltaics: How Solar Panels Affect Summer Squash 'Multipik' Production
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Agrivoltaics is a production system that allows for dual land use through the deployment of solar panels for energy production while maintaining agricultural production underneath and/or between solar panels. This study was conducted at the Alliant Solar farm at Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Treatments included summer squash (Cucurbita pepo ‘Multipik’) grown between and outside (open-field) the solar panels. For the solar panel treatment, two raised beds with white plastic mulch were created on each side of the single-axis solar tracking panels. Each bed was 19.5m long. Two beds on each side were spaced 1.5m (center to center). Two rows of open-field summer squash served as the control treatment. Control beds were 6.7m long. All treatments were replicated three times. Summer Squash was transplanted on May 31, 2024 at 0.6m spacing, single row. HOBO soil temperature, air temperature, and light intensity sensors were installed on the same day. Mustang MAXX® AND PyGanic® were sprayed to manage spotted cucumber beetles and squash bugs. A total of 31 harvests occurred throughout the season every 2 to 3 days between July 1 and September 20. Plants between the solar panels yielded 49.5 kg per row while the open-field yielded 36.5 kg, a 26% increase in the solar treatment. Between June, July, and August, the air temperature was cooler than the control on average by 3 degrees Fahrenheit while the soil temperature was 2 degrees Fahrenheit cooler. Light intensity decreased by 34% under the solar panels. Based on first year results, summer squash shows promise within an agrivoltaics production system. More data will be collected in the coming years on plant growth characteristics, soil moisture, and postharvest quality of summer squash.
Speakers
RW

Raymond Wilmes

Iowa State University
Co-authors
AN

Ajay Nair

Iowa State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 3

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Assessment of Rhizoma Perennial Peanut under Agrivoltaic System in Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Solar energy production has been rapidly expanding in the Southeast; in Georgia alone, acreage has increased from under 500 to over 25,000 acres in the last decade. Agrivoltaics and ecovoltaics have emerged as strategies to ease land competition between Large-Scale Solar (LSS), agriculture, and natural resources. Agrivoltaic systems co-locate solar panels with row crops or livestock agriculture, thereby “stacking” the production of energy and agricultural products on the same land. LSS sites are typically seeded with Bahia and Bermuda grasses to control erosion while vegetation height is maintained by mechanical mowing. However, one of the most common and successful agrivoltaic applications is grazing livestock – typically sheep, which benefit from a high-protein diet, such as a legume. Rhizoma Perennial Peanut (RPP) is an emerging forage crop grown predominantly in southern areas with sandy soils and permissive winter temperatures. Most LSS are located in mid- and South Georgia where soils may have higher clay content. We set out to explore feasibility of RPP as a land cover under solar system in South Georgia. RPP ‘EcoTurf’ was planted between solar panels and outside the solar array. We implemented two experimental treatments: three seeding rates (100, 140, or 160 bushels/acre), and fertilization at planting or at mid-season. We measured canopy spread, leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence. We also counted blooms and made aerial sweeps to assess arthropod abundance and diversity. In addition to being a potential grazing source, RPP matures well below the leading edge of the solar panels, thus eliminating the need for mowing even without livestock. If left uncut, RPP produces attractive yellow blooms which may serve as floral resources for pollinators and other beneficial insects. In this way, RPP can provide ecosystem services, including biodiversity and wildlife habitat, a potential win-win opportunity for LSS development and natural ecosystems in the Southeast USA. Given the selection of low growing ground cover that requires less frequent mowing (or no mowing), the implementation of RPP could also lead to lower inputs and reduced operation costs of the LSS in the long term.
Speakers
SP

Simona Pitardi

University of Bari
NA
Co-authors
JS

Jason Schmidt

University of Georgia
NA
LL

Leynar Leyton

University of Florida
SP

Svoboda Pennisi

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Developing Artichoke as a New Winter Crop in a Subtropical Climate
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) belongs to the sunflower family and is cultivated for its edible flower buds. Being adapted to Mediterranean climates, artichoke requires adequate winter chilling for flower bud induction but is susceptible to freeze damage, limiting its commercial production in the United States almost exclusively to California. In tropical and subtropical climates, despite minimal freeze risk, insufficient winter chilling presents a major constraint to artichoke production. This study was initiated in 2015 to evaluate the potential for establishing artichoke as a viable winter crop in Florida. First, we developed a protocol for artificial bud induction using the plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA₃). When applied at the optimal rate and developmental stage, GA₃ effectively promotes bud formation independently of natural winter chilling. From 2016 to 2020, we evaluated seven cultivars based on earliness, yield, and bud quality and selected two promising cultivars, ‘Imperial Star’ and ‘Green Queen’. We also evaluated planting dates from early September to early December and determined that early to mid-October is the optimum planting window, yielding up to 17.3 and 11.8 t ha–1 for ‘Imperial Star’ and ‘Green Queen’, respectively. From 2022 to 2025, we tested additional 16 hybrids and identified three promising cultivars, ‘20-063’, ‘22-017’ and ‘23-057’. Our current artichoke production guide includes recommendations on GA3 application, cultivars, planting configurations, plastic mulch, and basic pest management. In 2023, artichoke was grown on about 12 hectares in Florida using this production guide. Ongoing research focuses on assessing nutritional values and postharvest quality to enhance the viability of artichoke as Florida’s new winter crop.
Speakers
AK

Avninder Kaur

University of Florida
Co-authors
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
TL

Tie Liu

University of Florida
WW

Weining Wang

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Evaluating the impact of intercropping vegetables and cut flowers on economics and conservation biological control
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Vegetable production is highly susceptible to yield and quality loss due to insect pests leading to increased management intensity. Use of conservation biological control practices such as intercropping offers potential benefits to environmental sustainability while also maintaining economic profitability. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of intercropping bell pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘King Arthur’) with cut flowers including zinnia (Zinnia elegans ‘Benary’s Giant White’), sunflower (Helianthus annus ‘Soraya’) and dianthus (Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Chabaud Benigna’). Data collected included insect and disease pressure ratings, marketable and unmarketable yield, economic return, and insect population diversity. Pepper yield was positively impacted in treatments including dianthus, while economic return was greatest where bell pepper was intercropped with zinnia.
Speakers
AI

Alliance Igiraneza

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
Co-authors
KK

Katja Koehler-Cole

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
RS

Ronald Stephenson

Plant Sciences Hall
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 3

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Exploring Regenerative Vegetable Systems on the California Central Coast
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Regenerative farming practices focus on improving soil health and creating resilient agricultural systems, offering long-term sustainability and environmental benefits compared to conventional organic methods. This study investigated the effects of an in-season cover cropping practice on insect and weed density and crop yield on California’s Central Coast. Two field trials compared regenerative and standard organic systems. Weed populations were assessed biweekly using 50cm x 50cm quadrats, while insect populations were monitored with yellow sticky cards and direct counts. Yields were measured in kilograms per hectare and categorized as fresh marketable, processed marketable, and unmarketable. Both treatments were planted on 80-inch beds using certified organic inputs and methods. The regenerative treatment featured a cereal cover crop in the bed center, with two rows of transplants on either side. The first trial took place at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Organic Farm (Jan–May 2024) with cabbage and sudan grass (three replicates). The second was at a grower’s field near San Ardo, CA (Feb–June 2025) with sweet baby broccoli and ryegrass (four replicates). In Trial 1, weed coverage was not significantly different between treatments (19.6 ± 5.3% for standard organic, 14.9 ± 0.7% for regenerative). Flea beetles were the most common pests, with no significant differences in pest densities (370.67 ± 24.17 vs. 403.11 ± 23.27). Predator and parasitoid insect counts were similar, and no pollinators were observed. Total yields were 5730.91 ± 5688.32 kg/ha for standard organic and 4929.50 ± 4890.27 kg/ha for regenerative. Fresh marketable yields were comparable (3169.77 ± 3139.50 vs. 3237.02 ± 3204.51). Although both treatments experienced high weed pressure, regenerative plots had fewer weeds, suggesting the grass cover crop may aid suppression. Insect density was numerically higher in regenerative plots, which also had slightly lower yields—possibly due to the grass strip. In the second trial, effective weed management led to no observed weeds. Higher insect densities were found in regenerative plots. These findings indicate that regenerative practices, such as incorporating a grass cover crop, may influence weed suppression and insect activity, though they may also slightly reduce yields. Continued research is needed to better understand these trade-offs and optimize regenerative system design for both productivity and ecological benefits.
Speakers
UO

Una O'Connell

Cal Poly SLO
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 3

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Humic Acid: Effects on Nutrient Uptake and Photosynthetic Capacity
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The current marketing of humic acid products to potato growers indicates that incorporating these materials at planting will lead to improved nutrient uptake, increased soil health, vigorous growth, and increase in yields. Humic acids are composed of long chained, organic molecules that can be naturally or industrially made. In 2024, the in-furrow application of humic acid was evaluated in Pennsylvania on the cultivar ‘Lehigh’. Plots were evaluated for nutrient uptake and photosynthetic capacity as impacted by use of Black Label Zn, Duo Maxx, Fertiactyl, Humi-Flex FA, Hydra-Hume, and Monty's Carbon. Preliminary data show no statistically significant difference between applied products and an untreated control for macro and micronutrients analyzed by plant tissue sampling. No statistically significant differences were observed for stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, or electron transport rate. These preliminary data suggest that there is no positive return on investment with using humic acid products in-furrow at the time of planting. As part of a three-year study, data from 2023 supported a similar conclusion.
Speakers
RS

Ronald Stephenson

Plant Sciences Hall
Co-authors
DL

Donald Lee

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
JP

Jonathan Price

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
MS

Meghan Sindelar

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Impact of Soil Fertility Amendments and Cover Cropping on Soil Health in Vegetable Production
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Organic farming systems face inherent limitations in nutrient management, particularly when plant nutrient demand exceeds available supply. This multi-year study examined the effectiveness of various soil amendment strategies and cover cropping systems on soil health indicators and pepper yields across three Purdue Agriculture Research Centers in Indiana (Wanatah, Lafayette, and Vincennes). Our experimental design compared conventional, organic, and mixed soil amendment approaches using standardized nutrient targets across treatments. Soil amendments included conventional and organic nutrient sources, plant and manure-based, or mixed (leaf mold and manure) compost applications. Summer cover crops (mustard for biofumigation, sunn hemp for nitrogen fixation, and sorghum-sudangrass for biomass production) were planted in Year 1, while a mix of cereal rye and hairy vetch served as fall/winter cover crops throughout the study. Buckwheat was seeded in bed row middles during Years 3 and 4. Soil health was assessed using the Haney test on composite samples from fifteen 15 cm deep soil cores per experimental unit. Initial challenges from nutrient losses due to heavy rainfall and significant weed pressure in 2021 necessitated management adaptations, including preplant herbicide application and plastic mulch protection of soil amendments. Soil health metrics improved dramatically at the Lafayette location in 2022 (67-202% increase) but showed minimal improvement at Wanatah and Vincennes. By 2023, average soil health declined by 14% across sites, primarily due to decreased water-extractable organic nitrogen (WEON) and slight reductions in water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), resulting in reduced microbial activity. Our findings demonstrate that summer cover crops combined with fall/winter cover crops produced comparable benefits to high-rate compost applications for both crop yield and soil health improvements. However, high compost applications, particularly at Lafayette, led to extremely high P₂O₅ levels that required adjustment of fertility management. Soil respiration emerged as a reliable predictor of overall soil health, with statistical analysis indicating that a 10-point increase in soil respiration corresponded to soil health improvements of 1.0, 1.1, and 1.3 units at Wanatah, Lafayette, and Vincennes, respectively. This research provides evidence-based guidance for integrated soil fertility management that balances immediate crop nutrient needs with long-term soil health objectives, offering sustainable strategies for both organic and conventional production systems.
Speakers
PL

Petrus Langenhoven

Purdue University
Co-authors
NS

Nathan Shoaf

Purdue University
Nathan Shoaf earned his M.S. in Horticulture and Landscape Architecture from Purdue University, specializing in horticulture and soil microbial ecology. With over two decades of experience, he has expertise in urban farms and specialty crop production, fostering impactful collaborations... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 3

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Soil Health in Fitotolodo’s in the Colca Valley Peru: Impact of Time and Management Practices
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The Colca River Valley is an important agricultural and touristic region in southern Peru ranging from 2,500 to 4,000 meters above sea level. Many of the challenges associated with farming in this hyper-arid region were overcome through the establishment of unique terraces on the steep hillsides centuries ago, which have improved soils and help retain water and heat. However, the cold temperatures in this region prevent farmers from growing many warm-season crops such as tomatoes and zapallo, which bring high returns in larger cities like Arequipa. Fitotoldos are temporary greenhouse like structures created using earthen bricks and a plastic covering. Much like high tunnels or polyhouses in the U.S., these structures can help extend the growing season and allow farmers to grow new warm season crops that bring higher returns. In the past five years, many initiatives from the Peruvian government and several non-governmental organizations have provided funds to establish fitotoldos in the Colca River Valley. However, the farmers recieved little guidance on how to effectively manage soils and crops in these structures. This has led to poor quality crops and the abandoment of many of these structures. To help overcome this challenge, we conducted a survey of soils and farming practices in these structures. Soil samples were subject to several tests to quanitify soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and determine how these properties were impacted by the farmer’s management practices. Results were shared with farmers and used to design training programs that will help local farmers better manage these structures and their crops over the long-term.
Speakers
LH

Lori Hoagland

Purdue Univ - West Lafayette, IN
Co-authors
DM

Dennis Macedo

University of Saint Augustine
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 3

12:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Timing of Seeding is an Effective Ecological Weed Control Strategy for Edamame: Preliminary Results from a Greenhouse Study
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a specialty crop with untapped potential in the Midwest. Adoption of edamame in the Midwest has potential due to similarities in production practices to grain soybean and the potential for higher return per acre. Additionally, USA is experiencing expanding market opportunities and rising consumer interest in locally grown edamame. Despite these benefits, limited research exists on suitable edamame varieties for this region, and effective weed control remains crucial for Midwest edamame adoption. Our research aimed to identify currently available varieties of edamame with rapid germination response, with and without weed competition. Six readily available varieties of edamame (Chiba green, Sayamusume, BeSweet 292, Midori Giant, Tohya, and Karikachi) were grown with and without velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) competition. Weed seeds were planted using three timing treatments: two weeks before edamame planting (PRE), simultaneously with edamame (SIM), and two weeks after edamame planting (POST). Two control treatments without weeds (‘Control 1’ and ‘Control 2’) were also incorporated. This study was designed as an RCBD split-plot design with three replications, with variety as the main plot and timing of weed competition as the split-plot under greenhouse conditions. Edamame emergence rate, plant height, LA (leaf area), and dry weight for both edamame and weed were measured. At 5 and 9 DAS (days after seeding), edamame emergence was significantly higher without weed competition (71.76% and 95.37% in ‘Control 2’ treatment) compared to when weeds had a head start (46.53% and 72.69% in ‘PRE’ treatment). At 9 DAS, edamame emergence was significantly higher when edamame had a head start (93.06% in ‘POST’ treatment) compared to when weeds emerged first (72.69% in ‘PRE’ treatment). In terms of emergence rate, Karikachi showed superiority (78.89%) compared to Midori Giant (39.17%) at 5 DAS, but there was no difference among varieties at 9 DAS. Timing of weed planting affected edamame height, LA, and edamame dry weight. Edamame height and dry weight were reduced by 11.67% and 5.71 % by weed competition when weeds were planted two weeks earlier than edamame. Edamame competition significantly reduced weed dry weight by 93.94% when weeds were planted two weeks later and by 84.85% when planted the same day, compared to weeds established two weeks before edamame. Weed competition reduced edamame LA by 29.189 cm² when weeds were planted simultaneously with edamame compared to two weeks after edamame planting (241.582 cm² in ‘SIM’ vs 270.771 cm² in ‘POST’).
Speakers
MM

MD MOYEED HASAN TALUKDER

Purdue University
Co-authors
MB

Moriah Bilenky

Purdue University
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 3

12:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Chemical Mowing: A Prospective Sustainable Weed Management Strategy For Christmas Tree Production
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The Christmas tree industry is a million-dollar industry in the United States. Like all crop production systems, Christmas trees are also affected by weeds. Noxious plants such as Canada thistle, horsenettle, poison ivy, and pokeweed compete with Christmas trees not only for light, space, moisture, and nutrients but also harbors pests and pathogens. Additionally, they attract wild animals like deer which are detrimental to this tree production. Large weed species create significant difficulty in crop management practices and intercultural operations. Christmas trees are more prone to damage from weeds in the seedling beds and the first three years in the field after transplantation. Young trees often suffer moisture stress due to weeds and succumb to drought. Once established, weeds are very difficult to manage, particularly the management of vining and woody weeds without damaging the Christmas trees is almost impossible. In severe cases, they devastate the whole production system and cause unbearable losses to growers. The most commonly used method for weed management in Christmas tree production is the application of chemical herbicides. Herbicides can cause severe injury to Christmas trees if applied inappropriately and can cause environmental issues. In addition, repeated use of the same herbicides can trigger herbicide resistance in weed species. Chemical mowing is a weed control technique that has been implemented in Florida citrus production, and it has been successful. Chemical mowing consists of the use of sublethal rates of postemergence herbicides in conjunction with mechanical mowing. However, there is no data or research showing whether this can be implemented in the flat land Christmas tree production system. How can chemical mowing help prevent weed shifts and herbicide resistance from developing? These significant knowledge gaps have led to the development of this master’s research proposal. Hence the objectives of this research proposal are: Developing a chemical mowing strategy in Christmas tree production by evaluating the efficacies of three different postemergence herbicides at lower rates combined with mechanical mowing; Evaluating their phytotoxic effects on two different varieties of Christmas trees; Determining the optimal moisture range for efficient chemical mowing. The preliminary results showed that an effective weed control can be achieved in Christmas tree production at sublethal rates of postemergence herbicides. Also, no significant injury was observed in Christmas trees due to chemical mowing.
Speakers
ST

Shailendra Thapa

Michigan State University
Co-authors
DS

Debalina Saha

Michigan State University
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Evaluating Emergence of Two Container Nursery Weed Species Through Rice Hull Mulch When Applied at Two Different Growth Stages
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Weeds are a continual, year-round threat to nursery profitability due to their negative impact on crop growth, quality, and marketability, as well as the increased need for pesticide use and manual labor. In recent years, many nurseries have adopted parboiled rice hulls mulch as an alternative to herbicides. Rice hulls are lightweight, easy to apply, transport, and hydrophobic, making them an effective mulch for container-grown ornamentals. Previous research has demonstrated that rice hulls can provide excellent weed suppression when applied at sufficient depths. However, mulch is often applied 2–3 weeks after potting, during which time weed seedlings may emerge. There is a lack of research on the survivability of small weed seedlings that emerge prior to mulch application, and whether mulching at this stage could serve as a viable alternative to manual weeding. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of rice hull mulch depth on the emergence of eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) and phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus) at two growth stages. Square 1.7 L nursery containers were filled with a substrate composed of pine bark, peat, and sand (80:10:10 v: v: v), amended with dolomitic lime (target pH 5.5) and a controlled-release fertilizer [Osmocote® Plus 21-4-8, (8–9 month)]. Containers were seeded with either eclipta or phyllanthus which were allowed to grow, reaching one of two developmental stages including the cotyledon to 1-leaf or 2–4 leaf stage, using staggered sowing dates. Seedlings were then thinned to five weed plants per container, and mulch was applied at depths of 0, 0.6, 1.3, 2.5, and 5 cm. Weed emergence was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after mulching, and shoot dry weight was measured at trial conclusion. All containers were maintained in a greenhouse and received 0.7 cm of daily overhead irrigation. Results indicated that weed seedling survival and final biomass decreased as mulch depth increased. Rice hull mulch at depths of 1.3 cm or greater significantly reduced emergence and biomass of both weed species, providing close to 100% control. These findings suggest that rice hull mulch can be successfully applied 2–3 weeks after potting if a minimum depth of 1.3 cm is used, offering growers a flexible and effective non-chemical weed control strategy.
Speakers
CM

Chris Marble

University of Florida/IFAS
Co-authors
YK

Yuvraj Khamare

The University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 1

12:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Gemini Granular as a Pre-Emergent Weed Control Option for Eupatorium purpureum ‘Gateway’
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Mississippi State University’s South Mississippi Branch Experiment Station works with the IR-4 project to conduct trials and collect data to facilitate EPA registration of pest management products important in production of specialty crops. During the 2024 growing season, Gemini Granular was evaluated for phytotoxicity and pre-emergent weed control for Eupatorium purpureum ‘Gateway’. Height, percent flowering, and flower number was also recorded. Gemini Granular is 0.40% Prodiamine 0.25% Isoxaben. Eupatorium purpureum ‘Gateway’ liners were transplanted from 50-cell trays into an aged/screened pine bark based medium in 11.4 L containers on June 28, 2024. Medium was amended with sphagnum peat, perlite, a starter dose of 12-6-6 and 15-9-12 controlled release fertilizers. Containers received drip irrigation. Herbicide was applied twice during the season at 6-week intervals with a hand shaker (July 8 and August 20, 2024). Herbicide rates were control (0 lbs./A), 1x (200 lbs./A), 2x (400 lbs./A), or 4x (800 lbs./A). Experimental design was completely random with 10 replications. Data were analyzed in SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) using PROC GLIMMIX with mean separation using Tukey’s HSD at α = 0.05. Plants exhibited no phytotoxicity, regardless of herbicide rate. Plants receiving Gemini Granular at 200 lbs./A had greater heights compared to the heights of control plants or plants receiving the 2x or 4x herbicide rate. Flower numbers were only reduced for plants receiving the 2x herbicide rate. Flowering percentages ranged from 16.6% for control plants to 5.1% for plants receiving the 2x herbicide rate. In general, weed pressure was low, and there were no differences between treatments for weed number. Gemini Granular applied at 200 lbs./A, the 1x rate, provided effective and safe weed control for Eupatorium purpureum ‘Gateway’.
Speakers
PK

Patricia Knight

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
JR

Jenny Ryals

Mississippi State University
PB

Patrick Broussard

Mississippi State University
NA
SL

Scott Langlois

Miss State University
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - How Low Can You Go? Reducing Variable-Rate Spray Technology Default Rates
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Variable-rate spray technology allows nursery producers to make applications tailored to crops, reducing pesticide application volume and off-target losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate sub-default rates (default=0.1-0.15 L⸱m-3) for the Smart-Apply intelligent spray control system by comparing two intelligent modes with the conventional, constant-rate. We assessed control of powdery mildew (Erysiphe pulchra and Phyllactinia guttata) on ‘Cherokee Princess’ dogwoods (Cornus florida) in a five-row block. A Jacto A400/850 air-blast sprayer with the Smart-Apply system was used to compare: variable-rate: 0.05 L⸱m-3 rate in either pulse-on or pulse-off mode and a reduced, i.e.,
Speakers
KM

Karl McKim

The University of Tennessee
Co-authors
AF

Amy Fulcher

University of Tennessee
CY

Cory Yurisic

University of Tennessee
NA
EE

Erica Eady

University of Tennessee
NA
GP

Grace Pietsch

University of Tennessee
NA
HZ

Heping Zhu

USDA-ARS
NA
LN

Lloyd Nackley

oregon state university
Lloyd Nackley is a plant ecologist who applies a systems approach to improve nursery and greenhouse management. Nackley's research program at Oregon State University focuses on addressing four challenges facing nursery and greenhouse production in Oregon: irrigation application, pest... Read More →
SX

Sun Xiaocun

The University of Tennessee
NA
WW

Wesley Wright

University of Tennessee
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 1

12:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Molecular Insights into the Developmental Regulation of Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae)
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS; Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) is an invasive phloem-feeding insect that diminishes both the aesthetic appeal and economic value of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia sp.), the most widely planted flowering tree in the United States. Conventional control methods, including pruning, scrubbing infested bark, and applying systemic or contact insecticides, offer limited effectiveness due to the insect’s waxy covering, cryptic life stages, and prolific reproduction. Additionally, chemical treatments raise concerns about non-target effects and environmental contamination. To facilitate the development of targeted and sustainable control strategies, we are elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing CMBS development. We have assembled a high-quality reference genome and conducted bulk RNA sequencing across multiple life stages. Building on these resources, we now aim to apply single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to resolve cell-type-specific gene expression patterns throughout development. This high-resolution analysis will uncover key regulatory pathways, informing the identification of novel molecular targets for environmentally responsible CMBS management. We will report on the results of these investigations at the meeting.
Speakers Co-authors
BW

Bin Wu

Texas A
NA
HK

Hazen Keinath

Texas A
NA
HD

Hui Duan

USDA-ARS-USNA-FNPRU
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 1
  • Subject Weed Control and Pest Management
  • Funding Source Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service

12:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Rate and Application Volume Effects on the Efficacy of Glyphosate Alternative Herbicides
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Commercial pest control companies as well as homeowners are currently searching for alternatives to the herbicide glyphosate due to negative press and changing consumer preferences. These non-selective alternatives are almost exclusively contact-action herbicides (no systemic activity) and the most common options (diquat, pelargonic acid, acetic acid, plant oils, etc.) have been shown to be effective on annual weeds when label directions are followed. However, labels on individual products often recommend a wide range of application rates (concentrations of the herbicide) and application volumes depending upon weed size, creating confusion for users in terms of what rate and/or application volume is needed for optimal control while keeping costs low. The objective of this research was to evaluate four glyphosate alternatives (acetic acid, caprylic capric acid, diquat, and pelargonic acid) at both high and low labeled application rates and at three different application volumes including 50, 100, and 200 gallons per acre (1.2, 2.3, and 4.6 gallons per 1,000 ft2) to determine how efficacy differed based on these different treatment variables. Two weed species including yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and garden spurge (Euphorbia hirta) were used for the evaluation to observe differences between an annual broadleaf (spurge) and a perennial sedge species (yellow nutsedge). Plants were allowed to grow for approximately 6 weeks, at which time herbicides were applied. Data collected included visual control ratings at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) and shoot weights collected at 5 WAT. Results differed by weed species and herbicide and on different evaluation dates. For yellow nutsedge, application volume was the most common significant main effect with similar control being achieved at both high and low label rates when the higher application volumes were used. For garden spurge, application volume was mostly insignificant with the high rate providing more consistent control regardless of application volume. Results indicate that for larger or perennial weed species, higher application volumes are more critical to success, given that adequate and label rates are used, as they were needed to achieve more thorough coverage to contact more shoot biomass. In contrast, for the smaller prostrate growing garden spurge, rate was most important as thorough coverage was achieved at the lowest application volumes. This research begins to help us better understand these alternative herbicides and develop recommendations for the most effective and efficient use of these products in Florida landscapes.
Speakers
SC

S. Christopher Marble

University of Florida/IFAS
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 1

12:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - The Antifeedant Activity of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) Extracts Against Manduca Sexta Under Laboratory Conditions
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) are among very destructive insects that feed mainly on plants in Solanaceae plants. The larva stage is the most destructive, feeding on leaves and fruits, and as few as one to three insects can cause 100% loss. Damage caused by hornworms to the stem creates an environment for pathogens to grow, which ultimately kills the entire plant. Synthetic pesticides have been most effective in controlling insect pests but are harmful to the environment and humans. Plant-based biopesticides that are biodegradable, affordable, and eco-friendly may be a sustainable option to mitigate the problem. Several plants have been used as insecticides and have successfully controlled several insects. Due to the increasing demand for safe and biodegradable insecticides, there is a growing interest in sustainable pest control measures, and therefore there is a need to increase the number of plant sources to reduce the gap between demand and supply. Industrial hemp is among potential plants with phytocompounds that can be used as an anti-feeding agent against insects. However, little is known about the ability of the hemp phytocompound as an anti-feeding agent against tobacco hornworms. This study aimed to determine the antifeeding properties of industrial hemp extract against tobacco hornworms in vitro. The ethanolic hemp extracts were prepared at 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1.56 mg/ml. Extracts were incorporated into the artificial diet, fourth instar larvae were introduced into the diet and raised in the growth chamber at 27±2°C, 60±10% RH and photoperiod 12:12 hour light/dark for four days. The relative growth rate differed significantly between concentrations. The growth rate was -0.05 g/g/day at 50 mg/ml, indicating insect body shrinkage, and 0.11g/g/day at 25 mg/ml, indicating slow growth compared to the negative control, which increased by 0.19g/g/day. The highest concentration (50mg/ml) inhibited larvae growth by 100%, similar to Malathion, which was used as a positive control in the study, 25mg/ml inhibited growth by 71%, 12.5mg/ml by 59%, 6.25mg/ml by 51%. Furthermore, an antifeedant index of 68% at 50mg/ml and 62% at 25mg/ml was reported. The findings indicate that industrial hemp extract is a strong antifeedant against tobacco hornworms and, therefore, a strong source of insecticide to control the insect, and thus, a potential contribution to sustainable agriculture.
Speakers
GK

Getrude Kanyairita

Tuskegee University
Co-authors
DM

Desmond Mortley

Tuskegee University
NA
WC

Willard Collier

Tuskegee University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 1
  • Subject Weed Control and Pest Management
  • Funding Source Contribution of the George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA/NIFA Evans Allen Program (Grant no. ALX-FVC18)"

12:29pm CDT

GG 4 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 12:29pm - 12:30pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
ST

Samaneh Tajik

the ohio state university
Friday August 1, 2025 12:29pm - 12:30pm CDT
Strand 12B

12:30pm CDT

GG 4 - Preliminary Study of Growth Dynamics and Yield Assessment of Five Jerusalem artichoke Varieties in Wooster Ohio
Friday August 1, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) (sunchoke) presents a resilient and low-input crop alternative with potential for both biomass and tuber production. However, a comprehensive understanding of varietal performance in specific environments like Ohio is essential to unlock its full agricultural potential. This study evaluated the growth and yield performance of five Sunchoke varieties (Beaver Valley, Dwarf Sunray, Jack's Copperclad, Supernova, and White Fuseau) in Ohio, during the 2024 growing season. Plant height, tuber number, root system weight, and morphological characteristics were assessed. Variations were observed among the varieties in terms of growth and yield. "Dwarf Sunray" exhibited the highest growth rate, while "Jack's Copperclad" had the lowest. "White Fuseau" yielded the highest tuber count and weight, approximately nine times more than "Jack's Copperclad". Tuber production was positively correlated with root system weight. Varieties also differed in branching patterns, flowering time, tuber shape, and tuber color. This study provides preliminary data for selecting varieties suitable for further research and evaluation in Ohio. The study emphasizes the importance of considering root system development for improved tuber yield and suggests future research should focus on the genetic basis of trait variations and varietal performance under diverse conditions.
Speakers
ST

Samaneh Tajik

the ohio state university
Co-authors
FS

Florence Sessoms

The Ohio State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

12:30pm CDT

QUAL - Harnessing Plasma-Activated Water: Impact of Processing and Storage Time on Pea Microgreen Productivity and Nutritional Quality
Friday August 1, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel irrigation medium enriched with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) which significantly modify the physiochemical properties of water, yet their inherent instability is influenced by processing parameters such as plasma exposure time and storage conditions. Although studies have demonstrated PAW’s promising effects on seed germination and plant growth, knowledge regarding its application to enhance microgreen production is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of PAW processing time and storage duration on the PAW chemical properties and on the yield and quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.) microgreens. Tap water was treated using a gliding arc plasma generator (200 mA, 2.6–2.7 kV) provided by Plasma Licensing Authority Inc. (New York, NY) for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Controls included untreated tap water and tap water supplemented with 100 ppm NH₄NO₃. PAW properties- pH, EC, NO₃-N, NO₂-N, and H₂O₂- were analyzed immediately after treatment and at 5, 24, 48, 72, and 96-hours post-treatment. PAW was applied to pea microgreens in two experimental sets: (1) within 12-hour post-generation and (2) after 72-hour of storage at ambient temperature. PAW initially exhibited lowered pH in all treatments; but after 96 hours in the first experiment, pH of the 30-minute treatment increased to 7.68±0.01 compared to tap water (7.62±0.01), while in the second experiment, all treatments remained lower. NO3-N increased with processing time and storage duration compared to tap water. Fresh weight of microgreens receiving immediately generated PAW exceeded that of tap water (979.48±26.88 g/m²) except for the 120-minute treatment (864.48±66.08 g/m²). After 72 hours of storage, all PAW treatments improved fresh weight compared to tap water, with 60-min and 90-min treatments exceeding NH₄NO₃ by 4.06% and 6.11%, respectively. Shoot length decreased slightly with 120-min PAW (-1.06%) compared to tap water in the first experiment but increased across all treatments in the second. Storing 120-min PAW for 72 hours raised total N pea shoot content (7.66±0.079%) compared to tap water (7.48±0.136%), while Ca levels increased in all PAW treatments relative to tap water and NH₄NO₃. These findings suggest that PAW processing and storage time influence reactive species and nitrogen levels, impacting microgreen yield and quality. Overall, these results highlight the potential dual function of PAW in the sustainable production of microgreens: i) as sanitizer and/or as eustressor immediately post-generation and ii) as a synthetic nitrogen fertilizer replacement after storage.
Speakers
SS

Sanchita Saha

The Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
Friday August 1, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Produce Quality Safety and Health Properties
  • Subject Produce Quality Safety and Health Properties
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source The research was funded by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grants No. C940001529 “Developing Plasma Agriculture Solutions to Improve Vegetable Yield and Quality” and was supported by Plasma Licensing Authority Inc. that provided us with the plasma generator, and by the Strategic Networks and Initiatives Program (SNIP) “Developing the Penn State Interdisciplinary Initiative on Plasma Agriculture”, funded by the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. FD's contribution was funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations under Project #PEN05002, Accession #7007517.

12:45pm CDT

GG 4 - Genomic Characterization of ‘Munson’ Grape Cultivars
Friday August 1, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
With an economic value exceeding $68 billion USD, grapes are third in global horticultural crop production, with production across 93 countries. Recurring incidents of extreme weather conditions are forcing growers to alter conventional production practices. Reduced production areas, shifts in pest management, decreased water availability, increased temperature stress, and extreme weather events have all negatively impacted global grape production. There is a need to develop resilient grape cultivars that can survive the vagaries of nature. In the late 1800s, American horticulture scientist Thomas Volney Munson utilized 10 of the 13 Vitis spp. native to Texas and SW USA to develop cultivars that were adapted to the North American environment and resistant to the pests and pathogens of this area. Munson introduced 300 cultivars, of which 87 remain today. These cultivars have the potential to offer improved fruit quality combined with pest and pathogen resistance, traits that are sought after in modern grape breeding programs. Due to the wide range of parental material used to improve these native grapes, Munson’s cultivars offer a largely untapped genetic resource. By performing whole genome sequencing on the remaining 87 cultivars and the parental lines, we aim to develop a pangenome encompassing the full range of genetic diversity within the remaining Munson cultivars. This study will help clarify the lineage and shed light on any discrepancies in the records. The genomic characterization of the Munson cultivars will also aid in identifying potential resistance genes in these cultivars. This work is expected to secure profitable and resilient production of grapes in the US.
Speakers
avatar for Amit Dhingra

Amit Dhingra

Head of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University
Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Genetics and Germplasm 4
  • Subject Genetics and Germplasm
  • Funding Source Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Startup Funding to the Dhingra Genomics and Biotechnology Lab

12:45pm CDT

QUAL - Postbiotic Biopolymers as Natural Antimicrobial Emulsifiers for Post-Harvest Preservation and Food Safety
Friday August 1, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Ensuring food safety and extending shelf life remain key challenges in post-harvest management of fresh produce. This study investigates the potential of postbiotic biopolymers, specifically Lactobacillus-derived exopolysaccharide (EPS), as a natural and sustainable emulsifier for stabilizing the bioactive antimicrobial volatiles limonene, and eugenol in oil-in-water nanoemulsions. The developed EPS-based nanoemulsion exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Poona, achieving >3.0 log reductions on fresh lettuce through immersion and spray applications, while preserving sensory attributes such as texture, color, and taste. Additionally, the nanoemulsion demonstrated a bacteriostatic effect, achieving up to a 3.17 log CFU/cm² biofilm reduction on stainless steel and plastic surfaces (p < 0.05), and a 3-log reduction of Salmonella and E. coli on tomato and blueberry fruit surfaces, along with a 4-log reduction of L. monocytogenes on the soft cheese queso fresco. Stability assessments confirmed that the emulsions remained highly effective across diverse environmental conditions, including temperatures of −20 to 70°C, pH 2–9, and salinity levels from 1%–30%, making them well-suited for real-world agricultural and food processing applications. The synergistic action of EPS and bioactive volatiles not only prolonged shelf life and reduced microbial colonization but also provided a non-toxic, biodegradable alternative to synthetic preservatives, addressing sustainability concerns in food safety and post-harvest preservation. These findings highlight EPS-based nanoemulsions as a promising alternative for enhancing food safety, reducing microbial risks, and supporting sustainable post-harvest practices across fresh produce, dairy, and food-contact surfaces. This work was supported by USDA-NIFA-2024-51181-43464 through the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center of Texas A
Speakers
SB

SANGEETA BALYAN

Graduate Student, Texas A & M
Co-authors
DK

Deepak Kumar Jha

Texas A&M AgriLife
VD

Vikas Dadwal

Texas A&M University
I am experienced in phytochemical extraction and LC-MS metabolomics of pre and post-harvested fruits and vegetables. My research focuses on the development of plant-derived bioactive formulations and the assessment of their biological activity in vitro and in vivo. I am currently... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Produce Quality Safety and Health Properties
  • Subject Produce Quality Safety and Health Properties
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work was supported by USDA-NIFA-2024-51181-43464 through the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center of Texas A&M University and partially funded by the Texas A&M Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture

12:59pm CDT

Friday Poster Session 8
Friday August 1, 2025 12:59pm - 1:45pm CDT
Friday August 1, 2025 12:59pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

GG 4 - Comparative Phenotypic Profiling of Cold Hardiness in Two Bi-parental Grape Populations: Vitis riparia × Vitis vinifera ‘Fresno Seedless’ and Vitis amurensis × Vitis vinifera ‘Valley Pearl’
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
Freezing injuries account for an estimated 15 % of global grape production losses annually, posing a significant challenge to sustainable viticulture. This study investigated phenotypic variation correlated with cold hardiness in two biparental mapping populations to explore potential markers for selecting cold‐hardy genotypes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was also performed to identify loci that could accelerate the development of environmentally resilient grape cultivars. We examined two F₁ families—312 hybrids from V. riparia × V. vinifera ‘Fresno Seedless’ and 302 hybrids from V. amurensis × V. vinifera ‘Valley Pearl’. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to assess bud cold tolerance, and we recorded additional traits including bud water content, trunk and cane diameters, and post–bud‐break phenology. Significant variation was observed in cold hardiness and all measured phenotypes. High‐quality genetic linkage maps were generated for both populations, providing a solid foundation for subsequent QTL analysis and marker development. This research offers a sustainable strategy for breeding cold‐hardy grape cultivars that maintain productivity under harsh conditions and speeds breeding efforts in support of climate‐adaptive viticulture.
Speakers
HD

Hava Delavar

North Dakota State University
Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
Strand 12B

1:00pm CDT

QUAL - Assessing the Impact of Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin on Radish Microbial Safety, Soil Properties, and Quality
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
The need to shift toward sustainable food production systems has forced farmers to explore alternative practices, such as the use of biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAOs), to fulfill consumer-driven requirements. However, concerns due to food safety regulations restrict the use of BSAAOs on crops consumed raw. The present study evaluated the effects of untreated BSAAOs, raw poultry litter (PL), cow manure (CM), and no BSAAO on soil fertility, microbial contamination indicators, and marketable yields in radish (Raphanus sativus) production over two growing seasons at the LSU AgCenter Burden Botanical Gardens. In the agronomic assessment, radish marketable yields were significantly enhanced by PL application, with an average yield of 8.13 lb. per 3.66 m² plot compared to 4.24 lb. in CM-treated plots and 4.62 lb. in no BSAAO amended plots. Moreover, the method of manure application further influenced radish yields, with tilled PL (PLT) plots yielding 9.45 lb. per plot versus 6.81 lb. in non-till (PLNT) plots. Poultry litter application sustained higher levels of nitrogen through the production cycle as well, during Year 1 only, in comparison to CM and no BSAAO application. The evaluation of the safety of raw manure application focused on indicator organisms. In Year 1, soil samples from PL-treated plots exhibited significantly higher Escherichia coli (E. coli) levels (1.81 and 1.75 log CFU/g, respectively, for tilled and not tilled plots) relative to no BSAAO and CM-amended plots (≤1 to 1.01 log CFU/g), while harvested radish samples from PL-amended plots registered 0.8 log CFU/radish compared to non-detectable levels (≤0.75 log CFU/radish) for CM and no BSAAO-amended plots. In Year 2, soil samples from cow manure tilled (CMT) plots had much higher E. coli counts at first (3.23 log CFU/g in Week 1), but these dropped to 1.17 log CFU/g by Week 3, while other treatments kept their counts steady around or below 1 log CFU/g. Results obtained in the present study demonstrate that raw poultry litter substantially improved radish yields by supplying richer nutrient inputs; it also elevated soil and produces microbial contamination indicator levels relative to cow manure and conventional chemical fertilizer. Although radish surface contamination by E. coli remained low, the observed trends highlight the necessity for optimized manure application practices, particularly regarding incorporation methods and waiting periods, to mitigate potential food safety risks and prevent foodborne illness outbreaks.
Speakers
DL

Daniel Leiva

Research Assistant, Louisiana State University
Co-authors
AA

Achyut Adhikari

Louisiana State University AgCenter
NA
KF

Kathryn Fontenot

LSU AgCenter
LF

Lisa Fultz

United Stated Department of Agriculture
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Produce Quality Safety and Health Properties

1:00pm CDT

CITR 2 - Analyzing the evolutionary relationships and patterns among citrus genotypes to their tolerance to HLB
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Citrus production is challenged by multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, with Huanglongbing (HLB) disease being the most damaging to global citrus production. Long-term field evaluations have revealed that certain citrus relatives have varying HLB tolerance. This study investigates the genetic relationships among citrus genotypes with differing HLB tolerance levels to inform future breeding strategies for citrus improvement. The genome sequencing data from 39 citrus species and hybrids were analyzed: 23 tolerant, 8 moderately tolerant, and 8 susceptible to HLB. Variant calling identified 445,222 high-quality SNPs, with chromosome 5 showing the highest contribution of unique variants. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.27 to 0.38, with the highest SNP frequency observed at a PIC value of 0.27 (21,500 loci). The mean heterozygosity across genotypes was 0.136, with Citrus aurantium showing the highest and Citrus polyandra the lowest heterozygosity. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the genotypes into six distinct clusters. Admixture analysis (K=5) was performed to explore ancestral genetic components, while PCA accounted for 62.76% of total genetic variation. These findings provide critical insights for developing HLB-tolerant citrus hybrids and highlight the underlying genetic diversity present in citrus germplasm.
Speakers
MD

Manjul Dutt

University of Florida
Co-authors
JK

Jaideep K Deol

University of Florida
NA
MR

Marcio Resende

University of Florida
NA
SR

Sheetal Ramekar

University of Florida
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Citrus Crops 2

1:00pm CDT

CITR 2 - Comprehensive Study on the Grapefruit and Sweet Orange Fruit Development in Huanglongbing (HLB) Endemic Citrus Orchards
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The US third largest citrus industry located in Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), South Texas is renowned for producing premium quality fresh fruit. However, the fresh-fruit industry dynamics have changed significantly as devastating Huanglongbing (HLB) disease become endemic in LRGV citrus groves. The primary reasons that affected the Texas citrus industry are unhealthy crop load, and unnatural and excessive fruit drops in HLB affected trees. Therefore, this study investigates HLB effects on citrus fruit development in the region's subtropical semi-arid climate, focusing on the period from bloom to harvest. Research was conducted on mature 'Rio Red' grapefruit and 'Marrs' sweet oranges grafted onto Sour orange rootstock, all exposed to HLB for over a decade. In both citruses multilocation trial and replicated number of trees were pre-screened for blotchy mottled symptoms on foliage and presence of presumptive causal bacterium of HLB, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) using qPCR assay. The CLas ve trees were further evaluated for sectorial presence of HLB symptoms in 10 branches and divided into two sub-categories of HLB affected symptomatic (Symp) and apparently healthy, asymptomatic (Asymp) branches. In year-2024, monthly fruitlet retention analysis from April to July reveled significantly higher fruitlets drop in ‘Symp’ branches compared to ‘Asymp’ ones across both citrus varieties. In late-May, the ‘Symp’ grapefruit branches showed 28.5-35.3% drop, while sweet orange experienced 23.3-36.3% losses. While ‘Asymp’ branches had significantly lesser fruit drop ranged in 23.1-27.5% in grapefruit and 22.7-29.4% in sweet orange. Although late-May fruit drop is a natural phenomenon in citrus trees, the excessive fruit drop under HLB disease pressure highlights the negative effect of HLB in fruit retention and possibly in fruit size expansion. Ongoing research continues to identify vulnerable stages of fruit growth and expansion under HLB stress, aiming to develop targeted treatments for maintaining high-quality fruit production under HLB prevalence in LRGV citrus groves with region’s unique environmental and edaphic conditions.
Speakers
JL

Julianna Leal

Texas A
NA
Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Citrus Crops 2
  • Subject Citrus Crops
  • Funding Source Texas Citrus Producers Board

1:00pm CDT

CITR 2 - Efficacy of Brassinosteroid in Enhancing Citrus sinensis Health and Performance under HLB Endemic Conditions
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Brassinosteroids (Brs), a class of plant steroidal hormones, protect various crop species, including maize, wheat, strawberries, and grapes, from biotic and abiotic stress. However, their impact on citrus remains unexplored. The Florida citrus industry faces a significant threat from Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease that deteriorates tree health and affects overall yield. Given the efficacy of Brs in enhancing stress tolerance in other crops, their potential role in citrus resilience needs an investigation. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the plant's performance after foliar application of Brs at different intervals. Three-year-old Valencia sweet oranges grafted onto UF-R5 rootstock were grown in pots and treated with Brs at three intervals: every two weeks, once a month, and every other month. Key parameters, including shoot and root biomass, canopy volume, scion and rootstock diameters, specific leaf area, total phenolic content, and flavonoid content were assessed. After one year, there was a significant increase in flavonoid content in Brs-treated plants, regardless of application frequency. There was a positive trend on the response to the treatment of the other parameters studied, althoughnot statistically significant by the first year of treatment. This finding suggests that Brs may quickly enhance secondary metabolite production in citrus, but their impact on overall growth may require longer time of exposure to the treatment. Further investigation will elucidate this.
Speakers
DA

Divya Aryal

SWFREC - University of Fl
Co-authors
FA

Fernando Alferez

SWFREC - University of Florida/IFAS
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Citrus Crops 2
  • Subject Citrus Crops
  • Funding Source Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF)

1:00pm CDT

CITR 2 - Evaluation of Four White-Pulp Finger Lime Selections Developed at the University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Citrus australasica, commonly referred to as finger lime, is an Australian citrus species distinguished by its elongated, cylindrical fruits and numerous small, spherical juice vesicles that resemble caviar. It is highly valued in the culinary industry for its unique appearance, diverse color variations, and distinctive flavor. Finger lime is tolerant to Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating citrus disease, making it a promising source of resistance genes for developing HLB-tolerant rootstocks and scions. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of four of the best University of Florida-developed white pulp finger lime selections - KB1, KB29, KB37, and KB48. These 7-year-old accessions, growing at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center campus, have excellent fruit size, robust tree health, and remain HLB negative under endemic HLB conditions. The fruit quality assessment (fruit weight, edible rate, fruit length, diameter, and pearl diameter) revealed that the KB37 selection was significantly superior, followed by the other three finger lime selections, with the lowest values observed in the control, DPI-50-36. Finger lime juice analysis indicated that TSS (total soluble solids) and acid content were almost similar across the four fruit lines, and this was significantly lower than the DPI-50-36 control. The phenolic activity was not statistically different between the selections, while the highest flavonoid activity was observed in KB29, followed by KB1 and KB37. The volatile profiles obtained from the four-finger lime selections were also evaluated. Overall, morphological and physicochemical parameters identified KB37 as the best-performing selection amongst the 4 evaluated. This analysis underscores the nutritional profile of these novel white-pulp finger limes, positioning them as a strong candidate for commercial cultivation for the specialty citrus industry.
Speakers
SR

Sheetal Ramekar

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
JH

Jonathan H Crane

University of Florida, TREC
MD

Manjul Dutt

University of Florida
NK

Nabil Killiny

University of Florida
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Citrus Crops 2

1:00pm CDT

CITR 2 - Exploring HLB Tolerance in Citrus: A Genomic Evaluation of Early-Season Sweet Oranges
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening disease, caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), poses a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. Identifying and developing HLB-tolerant cultivars has become necessary to mitigate its devastating impact. In Lake County, Florida, several Hamlin-type citrus trees, that’s are generally susceptible to HLB exhibited significant tolerance to the disease. The CaLas bacterial titer for most of the surviving trees was comparable to that of the susceptible control trees, and the qPCR Ct values ranged from 28 to 37. The visually tolerant citrus trees had increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content compared to the susceptible control trees. Juice quality assessments indicated a brix-to-acid ratio of 15-25, with other juice parameters meeting current U.S. Grade A standards. Interestingly, despite being labeled as Hamlin cultivars, several of these trees displayed variations in seed count, some aligning more with Parson Brown cultivars. To investigate their genetic origin, whole-genome DNA sequencing was performed on these trees, as well as on several Hamlin and Parson Brown clones. Genomic analysis revealed that the escape trees were genetically diverse; most were either likely Parson Brown types or Hamlin clones. Among them, two promising lines, R20-T30 (Parson Brown-type) and R21-T36 (Hamlin-type) were identified as superior and included in the 2024 Citrus Research and Field Trials (CRAFT) program. Both cultivars have demonstrated excellent yield and juice quality. Hamlin types, such as Hamlin 1-4-1 and Hamlin R21-T36, and Parson Brown types, such as Parson Brown F-56-2 and Parson Brown R20-T30, also displayed differences at the genomic level. Whole genome sequencing of the root DNA from these escape trees identified nucellar or zygotic Swingle as the predominant rootstock among escape trees with others similar to Carrizo and Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks. These findings underscore the role of genetic analysis in identifying HLB-tolerant cultivars, establishing a foundation for targeted breeding strategies aimed at improving citrus resilience to HLB.
Speakers
SR

Sheetal Ramekar

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
GE

Gary England

University of Florida
NA
JK

Jaideep K Deol

University of Florida
NA
MD

Manjul Dutt

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Citrus Crops 2

1:00pm CDT

NUTS - Characterizing The Winter Chilling Requirement of ‘Golden Hills’ Pistachio in Southern New Mexico
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
In the US, pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is grown mainly in California, but it is a promising crop for some areas of the arid American Southwest, such as the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico. The Dynamic Model used for calculating winter chill portions has yielded useful relationships in California between dormant-season temperatures and bud break timing for pistachio. Our objective was to characterize the relationship between bud break timing and winter chill accumulation in southern New Mexico, where, compared to California, there are much larger diurnal temperature fluctuations in winter. This experiment was designed to measure the effects of winter chill accumulation in immature pistachio over the course of one dormant season in Mesquite, New Mexico. The orchard used for the study was planted in 2021; the cultivar was Golden Hills budded onto seedling ‘UCB-1’ rootstocks. Dormant shoots were sampled every two weeks from 52 trees in the orchard from 3 January through 14 March 2025. On each sampling date one 25-30 cm shoot was collected from each tree. Samples were placed in containers with 15 cm of tap water in a growth chamber (Conviron CMP 3244) modified with LED lights (Heliospetra Elixia). The growth chamber light cycle was set to 14 hours on (“day”) and 10 hours off (“night”). The growth chamber air temperature was set to 24°C during the day and 19°C at night and. The samples were arranged in the chamber in a completely randomized block design with six blocks (containers). The average duration from dormant sampling until bud break decreased as sampling dates progressed from early January to mid-March. The time to bud break in the growth chamber for the six samples averaged 37 days in early January. It had dropped to 30 days by late January, and 17 days by the end of February.
Speakers
CC

Chris Chavez

New Mexico State University
NA
Co-authors
CV

Ciro Velasco-Cruz

New Mexico State University
NA
RH

Richard Heerema

New Mexico State University
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Temperate Tree Nut Crops

1:00pm CDT

NUTS - ‘Ga. 03-6-72’, A Scab Resistant Pecan Cultivar with Excellent Kernel Quality for the Southeastern U.S.
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
‘Ga. 03-6-72’ is a new pecan (Carya illinoinensis) that was released by the University of Georgia (UGA) College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences for use in commercial orchards in the southeastern U.S. ‘Ga. 03-6-72’ produces large pecans (9.3 g) with consistently high percentage kernel (59.6%). ‘Ga. 03-6-72’ kernels shell out into complete halves with a light golden color and harvest date is early October in southern Georgia. Yields of ‘Ga. 03-6-72’ have been good and similar other commercial cultivars such as ‘Sumner’, ‘Huffman’, and ‘Tom’. ‘Ga. 03-6-72’ has good levels of resistance to pecan scab (Venturia effusa) with little disease seen in orchards receiving moderate levels of fungicide protection and moderate levels of infection in unsprayed orchards. ‘Ga. 03-6-72’ is recommended for trial in commercial orchards in the southeastern U.S. which will receive fungicide applications.
Speakers
PC

Patrick Conner

Professor, University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

TCHG - Design and Implementation of an Integrated Case-Study Based Course in Plant Diagnostics
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Plant production is challenged by a variety of stressors that limit system health and economic outcomes. Efficient integrated crop management practices have the potential to reduce the impact of these challenges. Application of effective plant protection strategies requires knowledge of the identity of the stressor. A case-study based course was developed providing students with training and experience in the process of plant diagnostics. The goal for the course is to integrate student knowledge of plant biology, soil science, insect pest management, and plant pathology to allow for effective identification of plant health challenges under conditions they will practically experience in a professional setting. Students are challenged to engage in the process of plant diagnostics and management plan development through case studies based in diverse plant production systems. Students additionally gain experience in communicating their results to non-academic audiences. Course participants indicate increased confidence in identification of plant health challenges and communication, as well as increased skill in problem solving in plant systems.
Speakers
RS

Ronald Stephenson

Plant Sciences Hall
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

TCHG - Live Crop Library: An Innovative Tool for Education and Outreach
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The growing complexity and challenges faced by the US Agriculture industry demands a new generation of highly skilled agricultural professionals equipped with both technical proficiency and practical knowledge. There is also a pressing need to recruit talented students to pursue a degree in plant agriculture and provide quality, hands-on education for those students. Studies indicate that experiential learning activities are a great tool to encourage young people begin careers in agriculture. We established a live crop library on the university farm consisting of agronomic and horticultural crops of Texas. This includes a wide range of vegetable, fruit, herb, grain, and fiber crops. Tropical fruit crops were installed in ground-beds within a greenhouse. This crop library is envisioned as a place for experiential learning, scholarly research, and agricultural outreach activities. The crop library has become a hub for experiential learning activities for both undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in multiple disciplines including plant science, agribusiness, and animal science. Outreach activities geared toward both youth and adults, such as field days, are also being enhanced through the crop library. Quantitative and qualitative data collecting methods are utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the crop library in enhancing participant’s learning outcomes. Overall, this project provides a stimulus for high school and college students to enhance their knowledge of plant agriculture in Texas. Adult learners gain understanding of new ways to income or assist others in improving their agricultural income. The findings will continue to contribute to ongoing efforts to improve learning outcomes in multiple educational settings.
Speakers
TP

Tim Pannkuk

Associate Professor & Graduate Coordinator, Sam Houston State University
Co-authors
SN

Shyam Nair

Sam Houston State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Teaching Methods

1:00pm CDT

TCHG - Perceptions of Topic Selection Preference for Semester Projects in a Plant Propagation Course
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Pedagogy strategies that include students in the course curriculum can increase student engagement and success. One student-based pedagogy involvement example is involving students in the assignment implementation. This method was adapted after feedback from student evaluations indicated that the topic selection method for semester-long course projects was challenging in the HORT 260 Plant Propagation course at Colorado State University. The course curriculum includes two projects that focus on students writing propagation protocols on specific plant species of their choice. The selection process became a stressor for assignment completion due to the paradox of choice. With this in mind, we revised the assignment, testing topic selection methods for the Spring 2024 and 2025 semesters. The study trialed three topic selection methods (treatments): find their plant independently, choose from a list, or be assigned a plant. Each student experienced two of the three treatments, one treatment type per assignment. We obtained student feedback through voluntary pre- and post-surveys to assess their experiences and satisfaction. The pre-survey was administered after they selected their topic plants, and the post-survey was disseminated after the submissions of the projects’ final drafts. In Spring 2024, 28 students participated in the pre- and 24 in the post-survey. Of the 18 students who participated in both surveys, the post-survey resulted in a preference for selecting a plant from a list rising 11% and preferences for methods where students independently found their topic plant or were assigned a plant both dropped 5%. When students were asked why they chose a plant as their topic, 61% chose based on familiarity, 25% on unfamiliarity and desire to learn more, 11% for “other reasons”, and 3% selected plants they thought would be the easiest to write about. In the post-survey, students noted in the open response that they felt that plants selected from a list were easier to find information needed to complete the assignment and 39% of respondents suggested that picking from a list should be the method in the future. The other most reoccurring comment was that 32% of respondents said interest in the topic plant made the project easier to complete. Based on our observations for Spring 2024 and initial data from 2025, providing a list to select from is the most fruitful way to give students the opportunity for choice while minimizing the possibility of topic choice paralysis.
Speakers
ML

Makenzie Lee

Colorado State University
Co-authors
AL

Amy Lentz

Colorado State University
NA
CT

Chad T. Miller

Colorado State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

TCHG - Publish What You Present at the Annual Meeting
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The annual meeting of the American Society for Horticulture Science is over, and you presented great data. Now what? Publish your data with ASHS. We have three highly respected journals: The Journal of the American Society for Horticulture Science (JASHS), HortScience, and HortTechnolgy. Many people who attend the meeting look forward to seeing the paper related to what was presented at the meeting. There are many reasons to publish with ASHS including this is our national society and these journals are the outreach for our society; we have open access publications; the publishing costs are reasonable compared to other open access platforms; the society has improved the submission and review process; reviews are completed in a timely manner; and the journals continue to have increased impact factors. In fact, JASHS impact factor had increased from 0.95 in 2019 to 1.53; HortScience has increased from 1.10 to 1.87; and HortTecnology has increased from 0.67 to 1.39. This poster will outline the process of presenting at the meeting to publishing the results. It also will compare costs with other open access publications and show the improved submission and review process.
Speakers
KM

Kimberly Moore

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

TCHG - Undergraduate Horticulture Program Evaluation and Alignment of Learning Outcomes Through Curriculum Mapping
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Curriculum mapping is a valuable tool for visualizing how course content and learning activities align with program-level learning outcomes. In higher education, this method enables faculty to design cohesive curricula that foster integrated learning experiences across a student's academic career. While individual course outcomes are routinely assessed, program-level mapping offers a broader view that supports continuous improvement and ensures graduates possess the skills and knowledge required for professional success. At a midwestern land-grant university, the undergraduate Horticulture major program participated in a university-wide pilot project to map and evaluate its curriculum during the 2024–2025 academic year. The initiative was supported by several institutional learning units and a dedicated team of assessment and curriculum specialists. Faculty collaborated to analyze course goals, identify where embedded learning outcomes are being met, and develop a program-wide curriculum map and accompanying narrative. The mapping process focused on identifying where learning outcomes are introduced, reinforced, and mastered throughout the curriculum. Special attention was given to senior-level capstone courses, where embedded outcomes are being assessed through targeted assignments and artifacts. Analysis of specific courses across the map and across academic years will highlight gaps, redundancies, and alignment with employer expectations for graduates. The resulting curriculum map and supporting documents serve as dynamic tools for ongoing evaluation. They guide future assessment efforts, support accreditation needs, and inform curriculum planning at the university, college, and departmental levels. The methodology used to align course- and program-level outcomes with institutional, college and departmental goals will be shown, along with the products of the process, and future plans and strategies for further data collection and analysis will be shared.
Speakers
avatar for Kathryn Orvis

Kathryn Orvis

Professor, Purdue Univ
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VGBR - Evaluating Watermelon (Citrullus spp.) F2 Hybrid Populations for Phytophthora capsici Resistance.
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus, is an important vegetable crop in the United States of which the annual watermelon crop value exceeded $534 million in 2021. In recent years, production has been disrupted by the rapid spread of a serious plant pathogen, Phytophthora capsici. The closest ancestors of today’s domesticated watermelon are thought to be Citrullus mucosospermus and Citrullus amarus, several accessions of which have known resistance to Phytophthora capsici fruit rot, but are untested in regards to stem and root rot. Popular commercially available cultivars, such as ‘All Sweet’, ‘Laelanau’, ‘Penghu’, and ‘Sunshade’, as well as Texas A
Speakers
RE

Ryan Elms

Texas A
Co-authors
JJ

John Jifon

Texas A
NA
KC

Kevin Crosby

Texas A
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VGBR - Introducing Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 3 of Tomato Through Background Genome Selection
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol), threatens tomato crops globally. Fol causes substantial yield losses in susceptible plants and is persistent once established in fields, making gene-based resistance a high-priority for growers. Historically, Fol strains isolated in the Midwest United States have been predominantly race 1, and I-based resistance has been widely deployed and effective. However, there have been increasing numbers of samples sent to diagnostic clinics in the Midwest with Fusarium wilt symptoms, suggesting a potential shift in Fol race prevalence and the need to deploy additional resistances. The aim of our project is to introgress the I3 resistance gene, effective against race 3 Fol, into Midwest-suited processing tomato lines. I3 was originally identified in Solanum pennellii, a wild relative of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and a minimal introgression which reduced linkage drag was developed and introduced into Fresh-Market tomatoes by the University of Florida. We developed backcross families with the I3 gene using the Florida minimal introgression and recurrent parents from the Ohio processing tomato breeding program. Lines were selected for advancement based on I3 genotyping, background genome selection using unlinked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and phenotyping of relevant yield and quality characteristics. Our analysis found no significant differences in yield and quality traits between the backcross selections and their recurrent parents, indicating the rapid conversion of parents through this strategy. We are currently combining the I3 and I2 resistance genes through further crossing and will ultimately develop high-performing processing tomato lines suited to Midwest growing conditions that are resistant to all three Fol races.
Speakers
AK

Adelle Knight

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
AT

Anna Testen

USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit
NA
DF

David Francis

The Ohio State University
NA
JC

Jessica Chitwood-Brown

University of Florida
JC

Jin Cho

The Ohio State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Breeding

1:00pm CDT

VGBR - Morphological Characterization of UGA-CAPSI-CORE (Capsicum spp.) reveals extensive diversity for trait improvement
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Understanding germplasm diversity is essential in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) breeding to enhance disease resistance and fruit quality. This study evaluated morpho-phenological characteristics of UGA-CAPSI-CORE, a collection of 352 globally sourced germplasm classified into six varietal groups (VGs): banana, bell, Italian frier, mini bell, mini sweet, and specialty peppers evaluated in two replications during summer 2024. A total of 12 traits, including eight quantitative (e.g., germination, plant vigor, plant height) and four qualitative traits (e.g., growth habit, fruit position, fruit color), were assessed. Significant phenotypic variation was observed across varietal groups. Germination rates averaged 64%, with mini sweet peppers exhibiting highest germination (71.63%) and least in banana peppers (57.30%). Flowering time slightly varied (87–103 days), with banana peppers flowered late (89.3 days) than Italian frier (88.5 days). Specialty peppers were longer (41.49 cm) while bell types shorter (34.22 cm). Banana peppers and bell types exhibited taller (17.55 cm) and shorter (14.98 cm) stems, respectively. Lodging susceptibility was highest in Italian frier (29.12%) and lowest in mini bell (19.78%). Days to maturity was consistent, with mini sweet accessions requiring slightly longer time (142.51 days) than Banana peppers (141.34 days). Fruit morphology varied significantly, with bell peppers producing the highest lobe count (3.38) and banana peppers having single-lobed fruits. ANOVA confirmed significant variation (p < 0.001) in key traits, and cluster analysis identified six distinct clusters. This study elucidates the genetic diversity within the evaluated germplasm, providing valuable insights for breeding program to focus on enhancing productivity, adaptability, and fruit quality.
Speakers
AN

Amol Nankar

University of Georgia (UGA)
Co-authors
DJ

Deepa Jaganathan

University of Georgia
Post Doc at University of Georgia with over 15 years of experience in molecular breeding and gene editing in crops. Research expertise spans drought tolerance in chickpea, TYLCV resistance in tomato, salinity tolerance in rice, genetic mapping in banana, and currently focused on disease... Read More →
NT

Noel Thomas

University of Georgia
NA
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VGBR - Screening and Identification of Resistance Sources to Phytophthora in Peppers (Capsicum annum L.) Through Marker-Assisted Selection Using SSR markers
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Phytophthora capsici is a devastating pathogen in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), responsible for root, stem, and fruit rot, often leading to yield losses of 40% to 60% in outbreak conditions. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) offers a precise strategy for accelerating resistance breeding. While high-throughput genotyping approaches such as genome-wide resequencing (WGRS) are increasingly adopted, SSR markers remain a practical and informative tool for initial diversity assessment, especially in large and diverse germplasm collections. In this study, 485 globally sourced pepper accessions including 473 accessions from C. annuum and 12 accessions from seven wild Capsicum species were evaluated using 31 SSR markers previously reported to be linked with Phytophthora resistance. Eighteen markers showing robust and reproducible amplification were selected for full-panel genotyping. To ensure consistent and accurate allele calling, SSR allele binning was performed using TANDEM software. The resulting dataset revealed substantial allelic richness, reflecting the broad genetic diversity of the collection. Gradient PCR was also performed to optimize amplification of the 13 initially non-amplifying markers, resulting in six additional markers now suitable for further screening. Downstream diversity analyses, including PCA, STRUCTURE, and phylogenetic clustering, are currently in progress. Additionally, WGRS is planned for this germplasm panel, and integration of SSR and SNP datasets will allow for a comprehensive assessment of genetic relationships, population structure, and resistance allele distribution. Together, these efforts will support the identification of novel resistance sources and inform strategic breeding for improved Phytophthora resistance in pepper.
Speakers
AN

Amol Nankar

University of Georgia (UGA)
Co-authors
DJ

Deepa Jaganathan

University of Georgia
Post Doc at University of Georgia with over 15 years of experience in molecular breeding and gene editing in crops. Research expertise spans drought tolerance in chickpea, TYLCV resistance in tomato, salinity tolerance in rice, genetic mapping in banana, and currently focused on disease... Read More →
JG

Jessica Gibbs

University of Georgia
NA
MA

Mahnaz Azad

University of Georgia
NA
MT

Miaoying Tian

University of Georgia
NA
NT

Noel Thomas

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Breeding
  • Subject vegetable Breeding
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Georgia Department of Agriculture (GDA) Specialty Crop Block Grant Program (SCBGP) - RGDAG000188920A

1:00pm CDT

VGBR - Seed Multiplication and Phenotypic Assessment of a Globally Sourced Capsicum Collection to Support Pre-Breeding Efforts
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Seed increase is an essential step in germplasm management, enabling the effective use of genetic resources in breeding, evaluation, and conservation. This study focused on multiplying seed stocks and assessing phenotypic diversity in a globally sourced collection of 485 Capsicum accessions. The collection comprises accessions belonging different species of Capsicum including C. annuum (473), C. chinense (4), C. baccatum (3), C. chacoense (1), C. flexuosum (1), C. frutescens (1), C. galapagoense (1), and C. rhomboideum (1). Evaluated accessions were obtained from diverse genebanks (domestic and international), and collaborative breeding programs that comprises landraces, heirlooms, breeding lines, and exPVPs. To ensure sufficient seed availability, 352 accessions were grown in a greenhouse during summer 2024 and an additional 133 accessions were grown during winter 2024. Simultaneously, twelve agronomic and morphological traits, six pre-harvest (e.g., germination rate, plant vigor, internode number and length) and six post-harvest (e.g., fruit size, pericarp thickness, yield) were recorded. Significant phenotypic variation was observed across varietal groups. Bell and mini bell peppers showed high germination rates (>65%) and marketable yields, with bell types producing the heaviest fruits (79.8 g) and thickest pericarps (5.2 mm). Banana peppers exhibited the longest fruits (13.8 cm) and high plant vigor, while mini bells were completely resistant to lodging. These findings highlight both successful seed multiplication and the phenotypic richness of the collection, offering a valuable resource for pre-breeding, core collection development, and trait-specific selection.
Speakers
AN

Amol Nankar

University of Georgia (UGA)
Co-authors
BD

Bhabesh Dutta

University of Georgia (UGA)
NA
DJ

Deepa Jaganathan

University of Georgia
Post Doc at University of Georgia with over 15 years of experience in molecular breeding and gene editing in crops. Research expertise spans drought tolerance in chickpea, TYLCV resistance in tomato, salinity tolerance in rice, genetic mapping in banana, and currently focused on disease... Read More →
NT

Noel Thomas

University of Georgia (UGA)
NA
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Bacteriophage Trunk Injection Treatment Trial for Pierce’s Disease in ‘Vidal Blanc’ Grapevines
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Pierce’s Disease (PD) is a major disease of grapevines in the southeast US caused by the xylem dwelling bacteria Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (Xf). XylPhi-PD is a bacteriophage product recently registered for PD management in grapevines in Georgia. In 2023 and 2024, ‘Vidal blanc’ hybrid winegrape vines with a history of PD were either ‘treated’ at the maximum label rate or ’untreated’ in a commercial vineyard in Lumpkin Co. GA. Disease was rated visually by two raters in September shortly after harvest. A subsample (n=80) was assessed by AmplifyRP XRT to confirm visual assessment. Overall, there was a reduced disease incidence and severity in the treated vines for both years (chi-sq p
Speakers
SL

Sarah Lowder

University of Georgia
Co-authors
CM

Clark MacAllister

University of Georgia
NA
SB

Shane Breeden

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Bridging Gaps in Vineyard Nutrient Management through the HiRes Project: A Data-Driven Approach
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The High-Resolution (HiRes) Vineyard Nutrient Management Project is developing precision agriculture tools for vineyard nutrition monitoring and refining current guidelines for all grape markets (wine, table, raisin, and juice) in the United States (US). In 2021, an industry survey was conducted, and data was received from commercial grape growers in 25 states. These results provided a nutrient management baseline: growers use annual vine tissue testing and periodic soil testing by manually collecting vine tissues (petioles and leaf blades) and/or soil and sending them to labs for analysis. There is low adoption of precision agriculture methods in farming, and the reasons cited were perceived high costs and technical complexity. In 2025, focus groups were conducted to gather data on how growers prioritize nutrient management, methods used for monitoring, and openness to adopting new vineyard nutrition sensor technologies. Focus groups were conducted across grape-producing states representing eastern and western US regions. These were semi-structured discussions using a uniform questionnaire. Each meeting consisted of 5-10 participants, including vineyard managers, vineyard or winery owners, and other industry stakeholders. Discussions focused on grower decision-making processes, valuation of nutrient management, and strategies for integrating precision agriculture technology. Results show that growers highly value vineyard nutrition for maintaining vine health and crop balance, as found in the 2021 survey. Participants emphasized challenges in field sampling efficiency, consistency, cost, and uncertainty in interpreting results for management plans. Participants had ongoing concerns about input costs and the practical limitations of current equipment for variable-rate applications, particularly for micronutrients. Although growers indicated low use of precision agriculture methods in 2021, focus group results show strong interest in new tools. However, these tools need to be affordable, user-friendly, allow for in-house data, and provide actionable recommendations tailored to specific vine phenology and regional soil variability. A growing interest in regenerative and organic approaches emerged as a significant management theme across regions. These findings are forming the project’s outreach to deliver comprehensive educational resources and user-friendly sensor technologies to enhance grower vineyard nutrient monitoring practices.
Speakers
KS

Karmandeep Sidhu

Graduate Research assistant, Oregon State University
I am a first-year graduate student in Horticulture at Oregon State University, Corvallis
Co-authors
AH

Andrew Harner

Virginia Tech
NA
JV

Justine Vanden Heuvel

NYSAES Cornell University
NA
MF

Matthew Fidelibus

University of California, Davis
NA
NS

Nataliya Shcherbatyuk

Washington State University
NA
PS

Patricia Skinkis

Oregon State University
NA
TB

Terence Bates

Cornell University, NY
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Viticulture and Small Fruits 2
  • Subject Viticulture and Small Fruits
  • Funding Source National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s (NIFA) Specialty Crop Research Initiative Coordinated Agricultural Projects (CAP) grant. Project Award Number: 2020-51181-32159

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Co-regulation of a CBF gene by ICE and FAMA reveals crosstalk between cold acclimation and the stomatal development pathways in grape
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Grape (Vitis spp) has four ICE genes encoding proteins with possible functions as transcription factors in an ICE-CBF cold acclimation pathway. Using an Agrobacterium-mediated transactivation system, it was determined that Vitis riparia ICE activates the VrCBF4 promoter after a 4-day incubation period at 22 C when effector and reporter bacteria were at an OD600 of at least 0.25 and 0.5, respectively. All four grape ICE proteins activated VrCBF4 and VrCBF6 promoters. These promoters were used as reporter because both these CBF genes are abundantly expressed in overwintering mature grape buds and therefore thought to be important for freezing tolerance in grape. VrCBF4 was activated most by VrICE2 and VrICE3 whereas VrCBF6 was activated most by VrICE1 and VrICE4. An additional 2 hours of cold treatment increased activation by only the ICE proteins, VrICE2 and VrICE3 that contain a sumoylation site. This supports the notion that low temperature stabilizes VrICE2 and VrICE3 protein by sumoylation. Using a 5’ deletion series of the VrCBF4 promoter it was found that the -281 to -342 bp region contains sequence sufficient for activation by the VrICE proteins or stomatal protein VrFAMA(L). Analyses with a wild type or mutated MYC2g element plus min35S promoter showed that VrICE2, VrICE3 and FAMA(L) activated via this element. The higher activation by combinations of VrICE and VrFAMA(L) suggests that they interact with each other to direct VrCBF4 activation which showed possible overlap between stomatal development and cold acclimation pathways.
Speakers
MR

M Rahman

Alabama State University
Co-authors
AE

Ali Ebadi

University of Guelph
NA
AN

Annette Nassuth

University of Guelph
NA
MS

Mahbuba Siddiqua

University of Guelph
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Developing a Nutrient Management Strategy for High Tunnel Red Raspberry Production in the Lower Midwest
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
High tunnel hydroponic systems are increasingly adopted to extend the growing season and improve fruit quality in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) production. While nutrient management guidelines exist for northern climates, they are often not suited to Lower Midwestern systems especially those using soilless substrates such as coconut coir. In these cooler climates, nitrogen uptake is limited by low root zone temperatures and reduced microbial activity, often resulting in unchecked vegetative growth that shades developing fruit and reduces yield and quality. In contrast, warmer Lower Midwestern high tunnels promote faster nitrogen uptake due to elevated root temperatures and increased plant metabolic rates. While this enhances nutrient absorption, it also encourages overly vigorous vegetative growth when fertility is not carefully managed, limiting light penetration and shifting resources away from fruit development. These challenges highlight the need for region specific nitrogen thresholds that optimize fruit yield without promoting excessive shoot growth. Without region-specific fertility strategies, nutrient applications often exceed crop demand, reducing efficiency and productivity. This project aims to develop optimized nutrient management strategies tailored to soilless raspberry production in Lower Midwestern high tunnels. A completely randomized split-plot experiment was conducted in a high tunnel located in southern Illinois. Three nitrogen fertigation rates (low, medium, high) were assigned to main plots, and five foliar nutrient treatments to split plots. Raspberries were grown in coconut coir, and each of the 15 treatment combinations was replicated four times (n = 60 plots), with five plants per plot and two fruiting canes per plant. Measured variables included shoot length, leaf number, total fruit yield, average berry weight, and foliar nutrient concentrations. These metrics were used to evaluate treatment effects on nutrient efficiency and overall plant performance. Results showed a 222.5% increase in potential fruit yield between the lowest and highest producing plots per 9 × 27-meter-high tunnels. However, this yield gain was accompanied by a 5.9% decrease in average berry size, indicating a trade-off in which higher yields are associated with smaller berries, while lower yields produce larger fruit. This research provides practical, science-based fertility recommendations to growers for improvement of fruit quality and yield, reduced fertilizer waste, and enhanced sustainability and profitability of raspberry production in Lower Midwestern high tunnels.
Speakers
KG

Kayla Grey

Southern Illinois University - Carbondale
Co-authors
AW

Alan Walters

Southern Illinois University
AW

Amanda Weidhuner

Southern Illinois University Carbondale
BT

Bradley Taylor

Southern Illinois University - Carbondale
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Viticulture and Small Fruits 2
  • Subject Viticulture and Small Fruits
  • Funding Source This work was supported by a grant from the SIU Advanced Energy Institute, which gratefully acknowledges funding awarded through the Advanced Energy Resource Board.

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Developing a Pitless, Thornless, and Compact Blackberry using Gene Editing Technologies
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Pairwise is pioneering the application of CRISPR technology in food and agriculture. Our company brings together leaders in agriculture, technology, and consumer foods to harness the transformative potential of novel genomics technologies to create innovative new products. We are working to develop new varieties of crops, and to partner with organizations that seek to deliver innovation across the plant-based economy. At Pairwise, we have established robust and reproducible product development pipelines in multiple crops that rapidly propel research from proof-of-concept to product development. We have recovered and characterized edited events in tetraploid blackberry (Rubus subg. Rubus) to improve architecture and agronomic traits. In this presentation, we will share insights and progress on the recovery of edited blackberry plants with desired trait phenotypes.
Speakers
BC

Bruno Casamali

Pairwise Plants
Co-authors
AR

Anabel Rivas

Pairwise Plants
NA
JR

Joel Reiner

Pairwise Plants
PM

Pradeep Marri

Pairwise Plants
TP

Tom Poorten

Pairwise
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Evaluating Texture and Shelf Life in Muscadine Varieties
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Consumer expectations for grapes often center around their visual appeal, taste, and mouthfeel. For instance, the satisfying crunch of a crisp green grape is highly desirable. Similarly, grocery stores maintain strict standards for freshness to ensure marketability. However, these expectations are predominantly based on the vinifera grape, setting a benchmark that muscadines—though beloved in the Southeastern United States—struggle to meet. Muscadine grapes differ significantly from table grapes, leading to challenges in consumer acceptance and retail adoption. Thin-skinned and firm-fleshed berries are selected in our breeding program to make muscadines more palatable to a wider audience and more appealing to retailers, but could potentially reduce shelf life by increasing transpiration rates. Given these concerns, our study examined a range of attributes related to berry texture and their effects on storage ability. Thirty muscadine genotypes were evaluated over a month-long storage period in which attributes such as firmness, skin thickness, and flesh texture were measured. Our findings indicate that berry firmness decreases during storage relative to initial firmness. However, berries ranking firmer at harvest remained firmer after storage compared to softer genotypes. Importantly, our breeding efforts to enhance texture showed minimal impact on storage ability. These results suggest that selecting for vinifera-like texture traits in muscadines can improve consumer and retailer acceptance without significantly compromising shelf life, offering promising implications for expanding muscadine markets nationwide.
Speakers
AM

Anne Marie Gahagan

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AD

Angelos Deltsidis

University of Georgia
PC

Patrick Conner

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Evaluating the Performance of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Advanced Selections under Central Alabama Conditions
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) is a native fruit crop of the Southeastern U.S., known for its resiliency, high nutritional value, and relatively low input cost in comparison to bunch grapes. Muscadine grape breeding efforts aim to answer production challenges by developing new germplasm with superior traits such as cultivars with large berry size, increased yield, and improved fruit quality attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the overall performance of the University of Arkansas breeding program advanced selections ‘AM-70’, ‘AM-195’, ‘AM-26’ and ‘AM-77’ and the University of Georgia bred selections ‘Ga. 10-1-222’, ‘Ga. 13-4-2’, ‘Ga. 6-1-269’ and ‘Ga. 10-1-294’ in Alabama conditions. Plants of ‘RubyCrisp’ were included for comparison. The experimental vines were planted at the Chilton Research and Extension Center (USDA hardiness zone 8A), Clanton, AL, in 2021. A RCB design with four single plant replications was utilized. Harvesting season spanned from Aug. 9 to Sept. 18, 2024. Fruit of ‘Ga. 10-1-222’, ‘Ga. 13-4-2’, ‘Ga. 6-1-269’, ‘Ga. 10-1-294’, ‘AM-70’, ‘AM-26’and ‘AM-77’ ripened early whereas ‘AM-195’ had a mid-season ripening and ‘RubyCrisp’ matured late in the season. Results suggest ‘Ga. 10-1-294’, was the highest yielding selection, with a total yield of 27.7 kg/vine, compared to the standard cultivar ‘RubyCrisp’, which yielded 24.3 kg/vine. However, no significant difference in total yield among the tested selections was found. The berries of ‘Ga. 6-1-269’ had the largest individual berry weight of 11.9 g, followed by cultivar ‘RubyCrisp’ (11.5 g). ‘AM-195’ berries were the firmest and it was found that the selections differ in flesh firmness. While ‘RubyCrisp’ produced the highest percent berries with wet stem scar (27.6%), ‘AM-26’ had the highest percent berries with dry stem scar (92.9%). ‘AM-70’ berries were the sweetest (17.10 Brix), followed by ‘AM-195’ (15.20 Brix). The TSS:TA ratio varied between 16.7 and 41.0 and was highest for ‘AM-70’. The important fruit productivity and fruit quality parameters evaluated in this study can inform breeders on selection of superior cultivars of muscadine grapes.
Speakers
avatar for Jagjit Singh

Jagjit Singh

Graduate Research Assistant (MS), Auburn University
Co-authors
EV

Edgar Vinson

Auburn University
EC

Elina Coneva

Auburn University
ML

Margaret Leigh Worthington

University of Arkansas
MT

Marlee Trandel Hayse

Auburn University
MR

Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez

Auburn University
NA
PC

Patrick Conner

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Viticulture and Small Fruits 2

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Glycine Betaine Reduces Freeze Damage in ‘Victoria’ Blackberry.
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Blackberry (Rubus spp.) growers in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) regularly experience freeze damage, which limits yields and on-farm revenues. Freeze mitigation using wind machines, in-field heaters, and overhead sprinkler irrigation is costly and may not be economical. Sprayable biostimulants, in contrast, are potentially more affordable and readily adaptable as they can be applied using equipment readily available on most farms. However, the efficacy of biostimulants at mitigating freeze damage is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a glycine betaine-based biostimulant on the freezing damage of ‘Victoria’ floral buds. The biostimulant (FRUIT ARMORTM) was applied four days before a freezing event at its highest label rate (4.5 kg/ha) to three consecutive rows in different areas of a commercial farm in Skagit County, Washington. The foliar application was compared to an untreated control. Floricanes from both treatments were collected two days after a second frost and scored for damage by quantifying the presence or absence of damage to primary floral buds from a total of 720 treated and 720 untreated buds. A mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to analyze the data and account for cane and location variability, as well as estimate the expected probability of damage to the floral buds. The foliar application of glycine betaine increased freezing tolerance and reduced the expected probability of damage in the buds by 5.5%. Furthermore, the odds of bud damage in the control were 1.42 higher compared to treated buds. Results indicate that glycine betaine promotes freeze tolerance and may be a cost-effective strategy for blackberry growers to reduce freeze damage. Further research should be done to evaluate other biostimulant active ingredients as well as the optimal timing of biostimulant application and cost-benefits relative to other freeze mitigation practices.
Speakers
PR

Pedro Rojas-Barros

Washington State University
Co-authors
AF

Ashley Fincham

Washington State University
NA
CK

Clark Kogan

Washington State University
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Viticulture and Small Fruits 2

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - How Do Primocane-Fruiting Blackberries Allocate Nitrogen Fertilizer? First Year of 15Nitrogen Study with ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Research on nitrogen (N) allocation and accumulation in blackberries has primarily focused on floricane-fruiting varieties. However, there is a gap in existing literature on primocane-fruiting blackberry N allocation due to how relatively new primocane-fruiting blackberries are to the commercial industry. The objectives of this study were to investigate how fertilizer N is partitioned among plant parts in ‘Prime-Ark Traveler®’ and quantify the percent N recovery by the plant. In 2023, 15N labeled ammonium-nitrate was applied at a rate of 134.4 kg N/ha to a planting of ‘Prime-Ark Traveler®’ blackberries at the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station in Clarksville, AR. Plants were fertilized via drip-irrigation over fifteen weeks. In 2023, plant biomass samples were collected in triplicate at four physiological stages: (1) small green floricane fruit, (2) peak-floricane harvest, (3) peak-primocane harvest, and (4) after floricane senescence. This paper focuses on results of leaf, cane, and crown 15N content. Due to senescence, floricanes were not collected at stage 4. Plant parts were separated by cane type before being dried and analyzed to determine mass fertilizer-N recovery (MFNR) and fertilizer recovery efficiency (FRE). MFNR represents the uptake of 15N fertilizer by individual plant organs (g/plant organ) at a given stage. FRE was calculated as a percent of 15N fertilizer in the plant (MFNR) out of total applied (g), with total FRE determined by averaging the FRE of plants at stage 4 and accounting for removed tissues such as fruit and floricanes. Primocane leaf MFNR was highest at stage 3 (1.84 g) and significantly different than stages 1 and 2. Physiological stage did not impact floricane leaf MFNR. Primocane cane MFNR was highest in at stage 3 (0.78 g) and was significantly different than stages 1 and 2. Floricane cane MFNR was highest at stage 1 (0.50 g) and was significantly different than all other stages. No significant differences were observed for MFNR in crowns across physiological stage. The finding that floricane 15N decreased over the season while primocane 15N increased are consistent with current literature on floricane fruiting types of blackberry which indicate that fertilizer applied in-season is generally allocated toward the primocane, however some N uptake in-season by the floricane does occur. Total plant FRE at stage 3 was 21.23%. High soil N levels at the trial site may have diluted uptake of applied 15N. These preliminary results represent the initial year findings of a multi-year trial.
Speakers
AL

Amanda Lay-Walters

University of Arkansas
Co-authors
AM

Amanda Mcwhirt

University of Arkansas
RT

Renee Threlfall

University of Arkansas
NA
RD

Ryan Dickson

University of Arkansas
NA
TR

Trenton Roberts

University of Arkansas
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - Raspberry Resilience: Enhancing Fertilization and Sustainability Practices for Primocane and Floricane Cultivars in the Mid-Atlantic
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
This poster presents findings from NE-SARE Professional Development Program, which provided critical training in raspberry nutrition management to 87 participants across seven workshops in 2024. The focus was on Floricane and Primocane raspberries grown under high tunnel systems, targeting small-scale and underserved growers in Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. Participants learned advanced fertilization techniques, including injector use, dose calculations, and liquid versus granular fertilizer applications. Hardwood cuttings valued at $5,000 were distributed for vegetative propagation—transforming waste material into economic assets for 25 farmers. The workshops also introduced split-dose fertilization and nutrient timing, equipping participants to enhance productivity and reduce environmental impact. Demographically, the training reached a diverse audience, with 66.7% of surveyed participants identifying as Black and 44.4% as Black female farmers. Pre-training surveys revealed significant knowledge gaps—88.9% rated their understanding of fertilization topics as 1 out of 5. Post-training responses showed marked improvements in technical skills, confidence, and intent to implement sustainable practices. All participants planned to adopt at least one technique such as split-dose fertilization or injector-based nutrient delivery. The project not only advanced skill development but also inspired proactive change in raspberry cultivation, promoting equity and sustainability in Mid-Atlantic agriculture.
Speakers
ND

Naveen Dixit

University of MD Eastern Shore
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VSF 2 - The Novel use of Small Molecules for Mitigating Herbicide Drift in Grapevines
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
In Texas, and across the country increased use of auxin like herbicides (ALH) have led to a significant rise in instances of off target injury, either through direct spray drift or volatilization. Commonly used in row crop production for control of broadleaf weeds, ALH have the ability to travel several miles under optimal environmental conditions, increasing the chance for off target exposure. Through the increased adoption of ALH resistant row crops, incidents of drift damage have only increased. Currently growers, both grape and non-grape, have no practical solutions for protecting their crops. The solution currently is using passive mitigation, through the use of buffer zones or avoiding planting near areas of row crop production, with either is not always being feasible. Grapes are especially sensitive to AHLH, with visible injury occurring at even 1/100th of the labeled application rate. In Texas over 40% of growers in the High Plains and West Texas have reported injury in vines from ALH. As grape production continues to increase in Texas there is a need for a viable and cost-effective solution for the prevention of ALH damage. This study is investigating the novel use of a class of small molecules, a single candidate used in this preliminary experiment, that share a similar mode of action. These molecules compete for the binding site of the TIR1/AFB protein found in plants, to inhibit the binding of ALH. If successful, these small molecules could prevent the auxin-signaling pathway from being activated by ALH. This compound was tested in-vitro conditions using rates well above drift incidents. If effective these molecules represent the first steps in developing active mitigation strategies for the prevention of off target ALH incidents. While this study is being conducted with grapevines, should it show promise, tests could be expanded to other horticultural crops in preventing ALH damage.
Speakers Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:14pm CDT

NUR - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 1:14pm - 1:15pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
ES

Eric Stallknecht

Virginia Tech
Friday August 1, 2025 1:14pm - 1:15pm CDT
Foster 1

1:15pm CDT

NUR - Optimizing Daily Light Integral for Adventitious Rooting of Ornamental Woody Nursery Crops
Friday August 1, 2025 1:15pm - 1:30pm CDT
The primary form of propagation of ornamental woody nursery liners (young plants) is through stem cuttings to maintain genotypic and phenotypic uniformity. However, high rates of rooting failure in propagation remain a significant challenge, leading to economic loss. Greenhouses offer opportunities to leverage the environment for specific plant growth responses. Manipulation of the daily light integral (DLI) has been used extensively to hasten adventitious rooting and increase propagule quality in annual bedding plants, herbaceous perennials, and culinary herbs. Thus, there is a critical need to also identify the optimal DLI to improve and maximize adventitious rooting in woody taxa. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the impact of DLI on root growth and development of ornamental woody nursery cuttings. Unrooted stem cuttings of four ornamental nursery taxa were obtained from commercial nurseries and individually inserted into 6.4-cm diameter containers filled with a propagation substrate. Cuttings were placed in a diffused glass-glazed greenhouse under a propagation environment with 20 °C air temperature, 80% relative humidity, and ambient daylight supplemented with ≈120 µmol·m–2·s–1 delivered from light-emitting diode arrays from 0600 to 2200 hr. Cuttings were rooted under fixed 4-mil clear construction film covered with one of four different fixed-woven shade cloths providing ≈72%, 52%, or 30% diffuse shading or no shade (0%). After 14, 28, and 42 d, data was collected including callusing and rooting percentage, root number, longest root length, stem length and caliper, leaf area, and shoot and root dry mass. The results of this study determined the optimal DLI, across an array of important woody taxa, to hasten adventitious rooting and improve liner quality.
Speakers
OL

Olivia Liebing

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
GO

Garrett Owen

The Ohio State University
Friday August 1, 2025 1:15pm - 1:30pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source The Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences - New Investigators Grant; USDA Agricultural Research Service - Floriculture & Nursery Research Initiative 5082-21000-001105S

1:30pm CDT

NUR - Quantifying the Effects of Root-Zone Temperature to Improve Rooting of Ornamental Woody Nursery Cuttings
Friday August 1, 2025 1:30pm - 1:45pm CDT
Ornamental woody nursery plants are primarily propagated from stem cuttings to maintain genotypic and phenotypic uniformity. However, high rates of rooting failure in propagation remain a significant challenge, leading to economic loss. Greenhouses offer technologies to precisely control the environment. Thus, there is a critical need to identify cost-effective strategies, such as providing root-zone heating, to improve and maximize adventitious rooting. Root-zone heating has been used extensively to hasten adventitious rooting and increase root density in various plant species. However, optimal root-zone temperatures are largely unknown for many woody nursery crops. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the impact of root-zone temperature on root growth and development of ornamental nursery cuttings. Unrooted stem cuttings of four ornamental nursery taxa were obtained from commercial nurseries. Cuttings of each taxon were individually inserted into 6.4-cm diameter containers filled with a propagation substrate. Cuttings were placed in a glass-glazed greenhouse under a propagation environment with 20 °C air temperature, 80% relative humidity, and ambient daylight supplemented with ≈120 µmol·m–2·s–1 delivered from light-emitting diode arrays from 0600 to 2200 hr. A closed-loop root-zone heating system circulated hot water (49 °C) across greenhouse bench-tops. Forty-eight cuttings of each taxon were placed in root-zone heating environments with set points of 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33°C. After 14, 28, and 42 d, data was collected including callusing and rooting percentage, root number, longest root length, stem length and caliper, leaf area, and shoot and root dry mass. The results of this study determined the extent root-zone temperature can be leveraged to hasten adventitious rooting and improve liner quality.
Speakers
OL

Olivia Liebing

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
GO

Garrett Owen

The Ohio State University
Friday August 1, 2025 1:30pm - 1:45pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source The Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences - New Investigators Grant; USDA Agricultural Research Service - Floriculture & Nursery Research Initiative 5082-21000-001105S

1:44pm CDT

CE 8 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Jacob Schwab

Jacob Schwab

University of Maine
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 10

1:44pm CDT

CITR 4 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

1:44pm CDT

PNM 4 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AA

Adekunle Adeyeye

Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 11B

1:44pm CDT

POM 4 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Brent Black

Brent Black

Utah State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Foster 2

1:44pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Oral Session
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
BM

Byron Manzanero

Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida
My name is Byron Manzanero a Ph.D. Candidate in plant breeding.
Friday August 1, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

1:45pm CDT

CE 8 - Controlled Environment Production of Snow Peas (Pisum sativum) in the Northeast US
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Snow peas (Pisum sativum) are a flavorful crop that can be eaten raw or cooked. Diversified farmers often grow them to provide diverse crops for local markets. Controlled environment agriculture allows for fresh harvest and sale in markets that may not otherwise have access to them, such as early or late in the season. This research aims to increase crop diversity for growers. In this research, three cultivars of snow pea were grown including, Oregon Giant, Royal Snow, and Golden Sweet. These varieties were grown using a high (200 mg/L N) or low rate (100 mg/L N) of fertilizer in three different systems. The systems were drip irrigated 3:1 coconut coir: parboiled rice husks, drip irrigated 3:1 sphagnum peat: parboiled rice husks, and hydroponic nutrient film technique (NFT). The pods were harvested every two days for two weeks. Data collected included germination rate, number and weight of pods, and dry weight of shoot biomass per experimental unit. Two trials occurred, the first in winter 2024-2025 and the second in spring 2025. Golden Sweet and Royal Snow had the highest germination rate at over 80% in both trials and Oregon Giant performed poorly at less than 60%. In total harvestable yield, there was no significance in rate of fertilizer by itself, but the interaction between system and fertilizer was significant. In NFT, plants produced more peas with a high rate of fertilizer while in sphagnum peat, they produced more peas with a low rate of fertilizer. Regardless of fertilizer, plants in coconut coir produced very little and experienced a high rate of fruit abortion. In the interaction between system and cultivar, Golden Sweet in NFT produced more than any other combination. In this comparison, when grown in coconut coir, all three cultivars produced significantly less than all other combinations. The production cycle from seed to final harvest was approximately 80 days in both trials. It is feasible to produce a marketable crop of snow peas in controlled environment agriculture. NFT systems with 200 mg/L N of fertilizer produced the highest yield and biomass and could offer hydroponic growers a new crop option.
Speakers
avatar for Jacob Schwab

Jacob Schwab

University of Maine
Co-authors
SB

Stephanie Burnett

University of Maine
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 10
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 8

1:45pm CDT

CITR 4 - Unlocking the Power of Brassinosteroid for Resilient Citrus Production in Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Brassinosteroids (Brs) are a natural group of hormones known for their significant impact on responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses across various plant species. Brs can also influence plant growth and fruit maturation. With the recent availability of commercial formulations, this plant growth regulator is becoming an increasingly popular management tool in agriculture. Our team has been working on understanding BRs mode of action in citrus, because information is still scarce. In Florida, citrus industry is now in decline due mainly to the citrus greening disease (HLB), which has become endemic in the state, with no potential cure in the horizon. The disease reduces internal fruit quality and compromises viability of young, newly planted citrus trees. Our work has unveiled that Homobrassinolide (HBr) may increase internal maturation in sweet orange under citrus greening endemic conditions. We have determined the optimal application rate and the most effective timing for Hamlin and Valencia cultivars. We have shown that the beneficial effects of HBr are more pronounced in the healthier trees. This has led us to adapt the use of HBr in combination with oxytetracycline (OTC) injections, as growers in Florida are now injecting OTC in mature trees to reduce HLB. Our results show that HBr, when used on OTC-injected trees, improve internal fruit quality significantly. In addition, we have found that treating young, newly planted trees with HBr induces a strong immune response by activating the salicylic acid pathway, resulting in a delay in HLB infection. We have also shown that other Br analog, Epibrassinolide (EBL) improve the cold tolerance of citrus trees when young, treated plants were exposed to -4 ℃ for 24 hours. In addition, we have also observed EBL are helpful in improving the postharvest fruit quality. This is of special interest in the northern part of the state, where fresh market citrus industry is expanding, as region often experiences frequent chilling conditions during winter months. All in all, we are showing that Brs may be a ready-to-use tool in Florida citrus industry.
Speakers Co-authors
DA

Divya Aryal

SWFREC - University of Fl
SB

Saoussen Ben Abdallah

SWFREC - University of Florida/IFAS
NA
SI

Shahid Iqbal

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

1:45pm CDT

NUR - Greenhouse Propagation for Tea Varieties in Western Washington
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Tea (Camellia sinensis) was first grown commercially in the Pacific Northwest in Salem, OR in 1988 (Minto Island Growers), and cv. Minto Pacific, selected at that site, was established in a small-scale planting in Burlington, WA in 1997. To test other cultivars for production in the Pacific Northwest region, the successful Washington State University (WSU) vegetative propagation method for ‘Minto Pacific’ was carried out with 14 tea cultivars at WSU Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center (NWREC): BL1, BL2, Large Leaf, Small Leaf, Christine’s Choice, Dave’s Fav, Sochi, Black Sea, var. Assamica from Mississippi State University; Yukata Midori, Benikaori, Yabukita, Bohea from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) in Hilo, Hawaii; and Minto Pacific from Burlington (year 2 only). For this 2-year greenhouse propagation trial, tea shoots arrived at WSU NWREC on 16 Aug (Mississippi) and 14 Sept 2023 (Hawaii) for year 1, and 16 Sept (Mississippi), 23 Sept (Hawaii) and 25 Sept 2024 (Burlington) for year 2. Both years, shoots were processed into one-node cuttings within 1 day of arrival, the bottom stem of each cutting was scored with a knife, dipped into a rooting hormone for 5-10 seconds, then placed into a treepot filled with a propagation medium (peatmoss, vermiculite, perlite, 5:3:2 ratio). Cuttings were placed in a misting chamber in the greenhouse for 1 year, then moved to a greenhouse bench for 7 months. In February 2024 (Year 1), overall plant survival was 83%, average plant height was 1 cm, plants had 2.5 leaves on average, and the average plant health rating was 4.9/5. Cv. Large Leaf (100%) had the highest survival followed by Dave’s Fave (98%) and Black Sea (98%), while Benikaori (60%) and BL1 (62%) had the lowest survival. In October 2024, the final overall plant survival was 31%, average plant height was 35 cm, plants had 19 leaves on average, and the average plant health rating was 3.6/5. Cv. Christine’s Choice (46%) had the highest survival followed by Large Leaf (43%) and BL2 (42%), while Benikaori (13%) and BL1 (15%) still had the lowest survival. In January 2025 (Year 2), overall plant survival was 73%, average plant height was 2 cm, plants had an average of 1.2 leaves, and average plant health rating was 4.2/5. Cv. Minto Pacific had 100% survival followed by Large Leaf, Christine’s Choice, and Assamica (all 95% survival), while Benikaori (40%) and Sochi (51%) had the lowest survival.
Speakers
MS

McKenzie Shelton

Washington State University
Co-authors
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
CM

Chakradhar Mattupalli

Washington State University
NA
SS

Srijana Shrestha

Oregon State University
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Western SARE, Northwest Agriculture Research Foundation

1:45pm CDT

PNM 4 - Enhancing Vitamin C Biofortification in Lettuce for Improved Nutrition
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Vitamin C is a vital antioxidant that plays a crucial role in plant photosynthesis, enzymatic reactions, and stress resistance, while also being a key micronutrient for human health. Evaluating the potential of enhancing vitamin C content in food crops like lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) can contribute to better health outcomes and disease prevention. This study investigates the effect of ascorbic acid foliar application on biomass, phytochemicals, and mineral nutrient content in lettuce using a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system. Lettuce was treated with different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm) via foliar application. Chlorophyll and biomass were recorded, while vitamin C content was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Other micronutrients were also analyzed and assessed based on treatments. Results from this study will contribute to understanding how micronutrient deficiency in humans can be addressed and potentially maximized through agronomic biofortification.
Speakers
KM

Katerina Mojica Vargas

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas Tech University
Co-authors
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
HL

Haydee Laza

Texas Tech University
NA
LT

Leslie Thompson

Texas Tech University
NA
SS

Sukhbir Singh

Texas Tech University
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

1:45pm CDT

POM 4 - Adjusting the carbohydrate balance sub-models for use in Washington State
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Precision crop load management is important for increasing yield, fruit size, and quality of apple production, particularly for the ‘Honeycrisp’ variety, which is highly susceptible to biennial bearing and difficult to thin. The MaluSim model, developed at Cornell University, can be used to guide crop load management by modeling carbohydrate balance to optimize fruitlet thinning. However, this model was developed using tree performance in New York and may not account for higher temperatures in Washington State, which may affect canopy growth and development. The objective of this study was to assess early season canopy growth and evaluate carbon partitioning of Honeycrisp apples grown in Washington state climatic conditions. The first experiment compared the canopy growth of Honeycrisp topworked in 2016 onto a ‘Granny Smith’ planting with M.9T337 as a rootstock. The topworked trees were trained to single, double, or triple-axis trees. The second experiment assessed carbon partitioning of Honeycrisp trees conducted under single, double, and triple leader(s) training systems. Training systems significantly impacted shoot length and the number of shoots. Single-axis trees had significantly longer shoot lengths and higher shoot numbers than the double and triple-axis training systems. Canopy imaging was also used to assess canopy infill and light interception. The second experiment weighed the biomass partitioning of the various tree parts (spurs, 1-year growth, leaves, branches, roots, rootstock, inter-stem, and fruits). Below-ground portions of all training systems accounted for more biomass than above-ground portions. There was smaller wood and a greater proportion of spur buds in the double and triple-axis trees compared to single-axis trees. The differences in carbon partitioning and canopy development among different training systems compared to the types of trees used when developing the MaluSim model may affect how the MaluSim model performs.
Speakers
HA

Harriet Ampofo

Washington State University-TFREC
Co-authors
LK

Lee Kalcsits

Washington State University-TFREC
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 4
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-SCBGP

1:45pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Genome-Wide Association Study of Seed Spine in Spinach
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) produces two types of seeds: spiny and spineless. Seed spine is one of the most important agronomic traits that affect seed treatment, mechanized harvesting and planting, and sowing. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with seed spines in spinach through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), with the goal of developing SNP markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). GWAS was conducted for the seed spine trait in a panel of 307 diverse spinach accessions using 147,977 SNPs generated from whole genome resequencing. Using MLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK models in GAPIT 3 and TASSEL 5, two significant SNPs associated with seed spines: SOVchr3_141167900, and SOVchr3_141168649 were identified on the chromosome 3. (LOD) values of t-test analysis identified homozygous alleles associated with the spiny and spineless traits in each of the two SNP markers, with LOD values greater than 80.00, and 80.00, respectively. The gene SOV3g042220, located between 141,172,904 bp and 141,183,504 bp on chromosome 3, is proposed as a potential candidate gene associated with the seed spine trait. This research provides valuable insights for MAS in spinach breeding, facilitating the development of spinach lines with desirable seed characteristics.
Speakers
avatar for Ainong Shi

Ainong Shi

Associate Professor, University of Arkasnas
Dr. Ainong Shi is a faculty member in the Department of Horticulture at the University of Arkansas. His research laboratory specializes in plant breeding and genetics, particularly focusing on vegetable crops such as arugula, cowpea, and spinach for cultivar and germplasm development... Read More →
Co-authors
BM

Beiquan Mou

Sam Farr U.S. Crop Improvement and Protection Research Center, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)
NA
DH

Derrick Harrison

university of arkansas
NA
HX

Haizheng Xiong

Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
NA
HA

Hanan Alkabkabi

university of arkansas
NA
IA

Ibtisam Alatawi

university of arkansas
NA
KC

Kenani Chiwina

University of Arkansas
NA
MU

Muhammad Ullah

university of arkansas
NA
QL

Qun Luo

university of arkansas
NA
RD

Renjie Du

university of arkansas
NA
YQ

YUEJUN QU

University of Arkansas
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

1:45pm CDT

Discussion Forum: Current Issues in Consumer Horticulture (Interest Group Session)
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Join this open forum discussion to interact with your peers while exploring current issues facing consumer horticulture research and programming both nationally and internationally. The board of the Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardener Interest Group will serve as hosts for the session. The purpose of the discussion is to network with peers and to stay current in this evolving field of work. Climate change, soil erosion and quality, invasive species and preservation of native plants and food deserts are all open for discussion. Target audience issues such as generation differences in information sources and engagement are also important topics. All those working in any aspect of the field of consumer horticulture are encouraged to participate. Different perspectives from a broad stakeholder group with varying viewpoints are need for impactful and rich dialog.

Speakers:
Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardner (CHMG) Interest Group Board
Gerald Burgner, Chair, Texas A&M
Natalie Bumgarner, Vice Chair, University of Tennessee
Ruth Carll, Secretary, Rutgers
Friday August 1, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Strand 12A

2:00pm CDT

CE 8 - Effects of Planting Density on Growth and Biomass Yield in Lettuce Grown in Indoor Vertical Farming
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Maximizing crop yield is essential for the economic viability of indoor vertical farming, where operational costs are high. Among the many factors influencing productivity, planting density stands out as a manageable and cost-effective variable. Optimizing planting density offers a practical approach to improving yields without requiring major structural or technological changes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of planting density on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) yield and individual plant growth characteristics. Two cultivars with contrasting growth habits were used: butterhead lettuce ‘Rex’, known for its compact form, and green leaf lettuce ‘Fusion’, which exhibits an upright growth habit. Plants were cultivated for 24 days after transplanting in a controlled indoor environment maintained at 22 °C, under a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 μmol∙m-2∙s-1 with an 18-hour photoperiod. Using a deep-water culture hydroponic system, we tested five planting densities: 21, 42, 82, 109 and 131 plants∙m-2. The nutrient solution was prepared with deionized water and a water-soluble fertilizer (12N–1.75P–13.3K; Jack’s Nutrients FeED 12–4–16 RO), providing 150 mg∙L⁻¹ of nitrogen. As planting density increased from 21 to 131 plants∙m-2, total shoot fresh mass per unit growing area rose from 1.6 to 7.2 kg∙m-2 in ‘Rex’ and from 2.6 to 10.9 kg∙m⁻² in ‘Fusion’. However, in ‘Fusion’, increasing density led to a 29% reduction in plant diameter, 19% in leaf number, 25% in leaf area, 33% in shoot fresh mass, and 5% in root fresh mass. Similarly, in ‘Rex’, leaf area and shoot fresh mass decreased by 23% and 26%, respectively, while root fresh mass, plant diameter and leaf number remained relatively consistent across densities. Our results suggest that while increasing planting density from 21 to 131 plants∙m-2 reduces individual plant growth, it increases overall lettuce crop yield per growing area in indoor lettuce production.
Speakers
NB

Nicholas Barnett

Arizona State University
Co-authors
LR

Lila Rose

Arizona State University
NA
YP

Yujin Park

Arizona State University
ZC

Zhihao Chen

Arizona State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 10

2:00pm CDT

CITR 4 - Methyl Salicylate and Gibberellic Acid in the Rehabilitation of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Oranges
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating bacterial disease presumed to be caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, disrupts normal plant physiology by inducing hormonal imbalances that impair growth, fruit development, and defense responses. With no known citrus germplasm exhibiting resistance to HLB, effective management strategies are essential for sustaining citrus production. This study focuses on the combined application of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducer, and gibberellic acid (GA₃), a growth-promoting hormone, as a potential strategy to improve tree health and mitigating symptoms in HLB-affected citrus orchards. The study is being conducted at UF-CREC in Lake Alfred, Florida, on 15-year-old Valencia trees grafted onto Swingle rootstock. Four treatments are being evaluated: Control, GA₃, MeSA, and GA₃ MeSA. Trees were sprayed every 45 days from July to November 2024 with GA₃ and MeSA at 10 ounces per acre. The study assesses key production parameters, including yield, fruit drop, canopy density, and fruit quality. Preliminary results indicate that GA₃ application reduced preharvest fruit drop by 57% compared to the control. The leaf water content was significantly higher in Ga MeSa (58.42%) as compared to Control. No significant differences in canopy density were observed across treatments. Leaves were collected for molecular analysis on Days 7, 14, 30, 46, and 60 after the first treatment application. Differential gene expression analysis revealed significantly lower transcript levels of Rboh and LOX2 within 7 to 14 days post-treatment in GA MeSA, suggesting a potential reduction in oxidative stress. In contrast, CDR1 expression was significantly higher in MeSA treated leaves between days 30 and 45, likely indicating SAR activation. These physiological responses may contribute to improved tree performance under HLB pressure. The study will continue into the next year to refine application strategies and better understand the sustained impact of these treatments on tree health and productivity.
Speakers
GK

Gurleen Kaur

CREC, University of Florida
Co-authors
TV

Tripti Vashisth

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:00pm CDT

NUR - Managing extreme substrate temperatures in container nursery produciton.
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Plants evolved with roots in the soil, providing a temperature buffer to the root zone most of the year. However, as the nursery industry has primarily moved plants out of the ground and into thin plastic containers with very coarse organic substrates, we are faced with added challenges of managing substrate temperature to ensure healthy plant production. Moreover, resource efficiency, particularly regarding mineral nutrients, is a critical factor in the long-term success of the nursery industry. Fertilizer release is controlled by water and temperature in container-grown ornamental nursery production systems. Thus, it was hypothesized that pragmatic management of substrate temperature and moisture could extend the longevity of controlled-release fertilizer in a container system. This study was conducted to determine the effect of irrigation scheduling, container color, and stratified substrates on substrate temperature management, crop health and development, and fertilizer longevity. ‘Limelight’ Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata) were grown in either black or white containers and subjected to a single daily irrigation or the same volume applied in three increments throughout the day (cyclic). Hydrangeas grown in white containers with cyclic irrigation increased plant growth by up to 50% compared to those grown in black containers with single-application irrigation, and stratified substrates reduced phosphorus leaching by 30%. Across all treatments, plant health, root development and fertilizer efficiency were improved with substrate temperature management strategies. The results indicate growers should pursue root zone temperature mitigation strategies to enhance crop growth and salability, increase fertilizer use and efficiency, and decrease phosphorus leaching from nursery containers.
Speakers
JF

Jeb Fields

University of Florida
Co-authors
AH

Ashley Hickman

LSU AgCenter
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Floriculture Nursery Research Initiative

2:00pm CDT

PNM 4 - Effects of Perlite Content and Aeration on Lettuce Growth in Food Waste Liquid Anaerobic Digestate
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Food waste liquid anaerobic digestate (FWLAD) has strong potential as an organic fertilizer due to its nutrient-rich composition. However, organic nutrient solutions often have lower dissolved oxygen (DO) levels than inorganic ones, which may limit oxygen availability in the root zone, restricting nutrient uptake and plant growth. This study examines whether increasing perlite content in a soilless substrate and aerating the nutrient solution can enhance root-zone oxygen availability and improve lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Muir') growth when cultivated with FWLAD. Lettuce seeds were sown in a 128-cell plug tray filled with a peat-based growing mix blended with perlite at 100%:0%, 70%:30%, and 40%:60% (v:v). Increasing perlite content from 0% to 60% increased substrate porosity from 47% to 56%, while air space remained between 30% and 33%. One week after sowing, seedlings were sub-irrigated with four nutrient solutions prepared from either crude or nitrified FWLAD at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2 dS·m-1, each under aerated and non-aerated conditions. Control nutrient solutions were prepared using inorganic fertilizer at 2 dS/m EC. Lettuce seedlings were grown indoors for three weeks at the air temperature of 24°C with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 210 µmol·m-2·s-1 under an 18-hour photoperiod. Regardless of nutrient solution type, increasing perlite from 0% to 60% had little to no effects or decreased leaf number (by 7-13%), leaf area (by 13-26%), and shoot fresh mass (by 10-42%). DO levels remained below 1.5 ppm in non-aerated crude or nitrified FWLAD solutions, while aerated solutions and inorganic fertilizer treatments maintained DO above 6 ppm. Aerating the nutrient solution with crude FWLAD decreased total leaf number (by 4-17%), total leaf area (by 28-45%), and shoot fresh mass (by 37-44%) across all substrate conditions, whereas aeration with nitrified FWLAD increased these parameters by 22-35%, 174-343%, and 138-325%, respectively. At each substrate condition, lettuce seedlings grown with inorganic fertilizer had the highest leaf number, leaf area, and shoot fresh mass. These results suggest that increasing perlite content did not enhance lettuce growth under FWLAD. Aeration improved growth with nitrified FWLAD but reduced it with crude FWLAD. Across all conditions, inorganic fertilizer resulted in the highest growth, suggesting that factors beyond oxygen availability may limit the effectiveness of FWLAD as a nutrient source.
Speakers
KK

Kevin Kasper

Arizona State University
Co-authors
EC

Emily-Jane Crawford

Arizona State University
NA
YP

Yujin Park

Arizona State University
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 4

2:00pm CDT

POM 4 - Improving Apple Crop Load Management Using Digital Tools: Matching Data Collection With Accurate Treatment Application
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Multiple digital imaging companies can gather apple orchard data to map flower bud load, flower cluster number and fruitlet number at the tree level. However quickly matching photographic survey data to maps which can accurately guide management decisions remains challenging. Over the past year, Cornell University has partnered with several companies which can collect and apply survey data to guide precision pruning, precision blossom thinning, and precision fruitlet thinning in high density apple orchards of Western New York. Photographs and surveys from companies which collect single tree information provided the highest resolution information to guide precision sprayers. Precision sprayers were able to successfully apply treatments to the tree level, but the survey data first needed to be transformed into task maps which defined unique tree positions using the same GPS system used to collect the data and then control the sprayer to avoid an offset. Improving orchard management using digital tools may help improve crop load management but the success of this effort depends on the treatment resolution (section of row vs individual tree) as well as when crop load was modified, such as pruning, blossom, and or fruitlet timing.
Speakers
avatar for Brian Lawrence

Brian Lawrence

Cornell University
Co-authors
TR

Terence Robinson

Cornell University
NA
YJ

Yu Jiang

Cornell University
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 4

2:00pm CDT

VGBR 3 - GWAS-derived Markers Improves Genomic Prediction of Vitamin C Content in Spinach
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Vitamin C (VC), also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate, is a water-soluble antioxidant in plants that promotes skin health and immune function in humans. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a leafy green vegetable widely valued for its health benefits, has been identified as a target for nutritional enhancement, including increased VC content. However, the complex inheritance of VC necessitates advanced selection methods to accelerate cultivar development. In this study, VC- associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified through genome-wide association (GWAS) were employed for genomic prediction (GP) to estimate prediction accuracy (PA) for VC content in spinach. A dataset of 147,977 SNPs generated from whole genome resequencing was analyzed in a panel of 347 spinach genotypes using six GWAS models. Sixty-two SNP markers, distributed across six spinach chromosomes, were significantly associated with VC content. PA was assessed using randomly selected SNP sets and GWAS-derived SNP marker sets across various GP models. Results demonstrated that PA exceeded 40% when using 1,000 or more SNPs. Furthermore, incorporating GWAS-derived SNP markers improved PA, achieving a r-value greater 0.70 through Bayes ridge regression (BRR) model. This study highlights the potential of GWAS-derived SNP markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in spinach breeding programs aimed at enhancing VC content. Keywords: Genomic Selection, Genome-Wide Association Study, Spinach, SNP, Prediction Accuracy
Speakers Co-authors
AS

Ainong Shi

University of Arkasnas
Friday August 1, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 3
  • Subject vegetable Breeding
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work was supported by USDA-NIFA SCRI project # 2023–51181-41321 to AS and CA; Texas A&M AgriLife Vegetable and Fruit Center (VFIC) seed grant FY2024 to CA; The Texas A&M AgriLife Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture Research Capacity Funds to CA; and USDA-NIFA HATCH project #TEX0-1–9618 to CA.

2:15pm CDT

CE 8 - Optimizing Nutrient Solution Volume for Hydroponic Production of Four Leafy Greens Species Based on Nutrient Content and
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Efficient nutrient management is critical for optimizing hydroponic production. However, limited research exists on optimizing nutrient solution volume for various leafy green vegetables in recirculating hydroponic cultivation. To address this gap, we evaluated the growth and nutrient responses of four leafy green vegetables: butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Salanova Red Butter’), arugula (Eruca sativa ‘Standard’), kale (Brassica oleracea ‘Red Russian’), and red Malabar spinach (Basella alba ‘Rubra’). These crops were grown in a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system under two nutrient solution volumes, Low (76 liters) and High (151 liters), in a greenhouse during both summer and fall. Electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.8 mS/cm was maintained across treatments. Results indicated that leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content significantly increased with High nutrient solution volume while phosphorous (P) and K followed a similar trend in the fall. Low nutrient solution volume reduced nitrate levels in arugula tissue during both seasons, suggesting that lower volume may help minimize excessive nitrate levels in plant tissues. In summer, nitrate levels in red Malabar spinach (Low volume) and red butter lettuce (High volume) slightly exceeded recommended limits, while kale consistently surpassed safe nitrate levels regardless of treatment. Additionally, nutrient solution volume influenced key postharvest attributes such as color, texture, vitamin C, and anthocyanin content, with species-specific responses. These findings highlight the importance of crop-specific nutrient solution management to optimize plant health, improve nutrient use efficiency, minimize nitrate accumulation and nutrient waste, and support sustainable hydroponic production.
Speakers
avatar for Puja Subedi

Puja Subedi

Kansas State University
I am a graduate research assistant working at the Kansas University Olathe, 22201 W Innovation Dr, Olathe, KS 66061. My major is urban food system under the department of horticulture and natural resources. Currently, I am working in the hydroponics research project.
Co-authors
KW

Kimberly Williams

Kansas State University
RC

Riu Calvin Liu

Kansas State University
NA
TY

Teng Yang

South Dakota State University
NA
XX

Xuan Xu

Kansas State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 10

2:15pm CDT

CITR 4 - Fine-tuning Propionic Acid Dosage for Reducing Pre-harvest Fruit Drop in 'Hamlin' Sweet Oranges and Mechanisms Involved
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Pre-harvest fruit drop significantly challenges citrus orchard yield and economic viability, especially those affected by Huanglongbing (HLB). This issue is relevant in Florida’s citrus industry. This study investigated the efficacy of propionic acid he experiments applied three monthly doses of propionic acid in two consecutive years—in 2023 treated doses were 300 ppm, 1,100 ppm and 2,200 ppm— to trees, with an untreated group serving as the control. For this experiment, results indicated that the 1,100 ppm of propionic acid was most effective in controlling fruit drop, significantly reducing losses by 30% compared to the control. In 2024, the second experiment aimed to fine-tune doses. Trees were treated with three monthly doses of propionic acid utilizing 700 ppm, 1,100 ppm, and 1,400 ppm, with an untreated group serving as the control. Results showed that the 700 ppm dose was the most effective treatment in preventing fruit drop, retaining 15% more fruit than untreated trees. In both years, propionic acid increased average fruit weight. The 700 ppm dose improved yield by 36% compared to the control in 2024, while the 1,100 ppm dose led to a 17% increase in 2023 and 6% in 2024. Propionic acid did not alter fruit quality parameters, including °Brix and acidity. These findings suggest that propionic acid is a promising management tool for reducing pre-harvest fruit drop under HLB conditions.
Speakers
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:15pm CDT

NUR - KBTrack: Long Term Tracking for Plant Counting with Cloud-Enabled Plant Segmentation Framework for Ornamental Nursery In
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Efficient and accurate counting of plants is critical for nursery inventory management to support yield prediction, sales forecasting, and monitoring. Current practices in nurseries depend heavily on manual methods, which are labor-intensive and prone to errors. Researchers have made efforts in utilizing computer vision and deep learning to address these issues, yet a seamless solution for plant counting and inventory management remains unavailable. Image-based counting systems often struggle with classification accuracy in diverse, real-world scenarios, while tracking plants in videos faces challenges such as identity switches, misclassifications, and varying field conditions, limiting the reliability of existing methods. To overcome these challenges, we developed a cloud-based complete solution specifically for ornamental plant nursery inventory management. Our system introduces a novel tracking algorithm KBTrack, optimized for precision and scalability. At its core is an ensemble deep learning model that combines a transfer learning-based YOLOv11 and a CutMix-enhanced YOLOv11 model for plant detection. The KBTrack was developed on top of ByteTrack multi object tracking framework by adding a layer that compares segmentation masks across multiple frames for long term matching of the objects. This addition addressed identity switches and misclassifications, ensuring accurate plant counting even in complex field conditions. The segmentation capabilities of YOLOv11 are also utilized to generate masks for individual plants, enabling customizable plant-specific quality assessments through an interactive dashboard. The system utilizes GPS to allow users to monitor nursery plant beds on a map making it easier to monitor and track changes and updates across the plant beds. The platform is deployed in cloud with a microservice architecture where users can upload field videos and access results through an intuitive interface designed to ensure scalability. To evaluate the capabilities of the proposed framework, data was collected using an autonomous ground vehicle equipped with an OAK-D Pro camera, capturing 4K resolution videos. Experiments conducted on Azalea and Sunshine plants demonstrated the system's effectiveness, achieving a high mAP@50 of 0.982 for detection and 0.981 for instance segmentation on the ensemble model, MOTP 0.916 in the KBTrack multi object tracking algorithm and counting accuracy of 0.988 with an RMSE of 0.669. This confirms its ability to accurately detect and track plants. This solution provides a robust framework for addressing the limitations of current methods, offering an effective and scalable approach to modernize ornamental plant inventory systems.
Speakers
avatar for Mohtasim Hadi Rafi

Mohtasim Hadi Rafi

Graduate Research Assistant, Auburn University
Co-authors
FA

Faraz Ahmad

AUBURN UNIVERSITY
NA
HS

Hamid Syed

Auburn University
NA
JP

Jeremy Pickens

AUBURN UNIVERSITY
NA
TR

Tanzeel Rehman

AUBURN UNIVERSITY
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This study was supported in part by the by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) competitive grant (Award No. 2023-67021-40617) and Auburn University Research Support Program (2022-2023). Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, provided funding for this study under Hatch Grant No. ALAO 14-1-19204.
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

2:15pm CDT

PNM 4 - Impact of Ascorbic Acid on Iron Biofortification and Nutritional Quality in Sunflower Microgreens
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the leading micronutrient deficiencies in the world, impacting almost two billion people globally. Contributing factors include non-diverse diets (cereal grain-centered diets, processed and junk foods) that are characterized by relatively low bioavailable Fe levels. Additionally, 30% of cultivated soils around the world report low Fe availability. Inadequate levels of dietary Fe can cause numerous physiological disorders and impaired cognitive functioning, with pregnant women and infants being particularly vulnerable. To help alleviate the harm of Fe malnutrition, a straightforward and sustainable solution to increase dietary Fe availability is through agronomic biofortification of crops. Unfortunately, Fe uptake by plants is problematic, especially in alkaline and oxidizing conditions. However, various studies have reported the role of ascorbic acid (AA) as an enhancer of Fe absorption. A suitable candidate crop for Fe biofortification are microgreens, as they are nutritional powerhouses that have low phytic acid levels, short growth cycles, and are typically consumed raw. Testing the use of AA for Fe biofortification in microgreens has received limited attention in literature. Therefore, in this study we investigate in a soilless system the effect of different Fe sources with and without organic acids (Ferric sulfate, Ferric sulfate 0.1% Ascorbic acid, Ferric citrate), applied via fertigation at different concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45 mg/L of Fe), on Fe content of sunflower microgreens. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized factorial design using three replications. We discovered that Ferric sulfate 0.1% AA provided at 45 mg/L was the most effective source and rate in increasing Fe content, resulting in approximately 300% increase compared to the untreated control. Fertigating with Ferric sulfate 0.1% AA also showed a significant increase in total antioxidants and total phenol concentrations, but a decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. When using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to adjust the nutrient solution pH, the same treatment was associated with relatively high Na content and resulted in an average reduction in fresh and dry biomass of 50% and 30%, respectively. Further assessment of Fe sources, concentrations, and bases for pH adjustment should be considered to not compromise yield and nutritional quality. However, these results indicate that through fertigation, the supplementation of AA with Fe fertilizers can significantly promote the enrichment of Fe as well as certain phytochemicals in sunflower microgreens. This strategy can produce Fe-biofortified functional foods that can potentially improve health outcomes of Fe-deficient individuals.
Speakers
RR

Rishi Ravichandran

Student, Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
BN

Benedikt Nuesslein

Pennsylvania State University
NA
EL

Erin L. Connolly

Pennsylvania State University
NA
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 4
  • Subject Plant Nutrient Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Open Philanthropy through the grant Food Resilience in the Face of Catastrophic Global Events with the support of the PDA SCBG award # C940001096 and the USDA NIFA and Hatch Appropriations under Project #PEN04723 and Accession #1020664.

2:15pm CDT

POM 4 - High relative growth rates during early fruit development in apple are facilitated by processes that promote cell produc
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Fruit growth across various stages of development determines the extent of final fruit size, and is therefore of high economic value. The two main processes that mediate growth, cell production and cell expansion, contribute differentially to growth across various stages of fruit development. In apple, growth during early fruit development is largely facilitated by cell production. Mid and late stages of fruit development display growth mediated mostly by cell expansion. Mechanisms that regulate these processes and consequently the growth rates of fruit are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular processes associated with higher relative growth rates (RGR) in the apple fruit during different stages of development. To address this objective, we exploited the inherent natural variation in RGR within a population of ‘Empire’ fruit. These evaluations were performed during early and mid-fruit development stages. At each stage, change in fruit size (volume) was determined across a 4 d interval to obtain the RGR. The population of fruit was grouped into two classes based on their RGR values: High and Low RGR. RNA-sequencing analyses were performed to compare the transcriptomes of the two classes of fruit. During early fruit development, the High RGR class fruit displayed 1.46-fold greater growth rates than the Low RGR fruit. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes associated with cell division processes such as HISTONES, CYCLINS and CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASES were more abundant in fruit with higher RGR. During mid-fruit development, fruit displayed relatively lower RGR. Yet the High and Low RGR fruit classes differed by 1.76-fold. However, only a limited set of genes, mostly associated with oxidation-reduction processes, were differentially expressed across these two groups. Overall, these data suggest that processes that regulate cell division control the growth rates of apple fruit during early fruit development.
Speakers
AM

Anish Malladi

University of Georgia
Co-authors
BR

Bayleigh Roussel

University of Georgia
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 4

2:15pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Genome-wide association study reveals genetic loci associated with leaf base color variation in spinach (Spinacia olerac
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Leaf base color in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) exhibits substantial phenotypic variation, potentially influencing consumer preference and nutritional content. To elucidate the genetic basis of this variation, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing a diverse panel of 313 USDA-GRIN accessions of spinach. This population, characterized by a predominance of white (65%) and red (35%) leaf base colors, was genotyped using whole-genome resequencing (WGR) resulting in the identification of 83,261 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after rigorous filtering. Genetic diversity analyses and association mapping were performed using multiple statistical models, including mixed linear model (MLM), generalized linear model (GLM), BLINK, and FarmCPU, implemented in GAPIT 3, TASSEL 5, and rMVP software. The GWAS identified three significantly associated SNPs (SOVchr3_140405053, SOVchr3_140405474, SOVchr3_140412359) located on chromosome 03, which collectively contribute to leaf base color variation. Within a 50kb flanking region of these SNPs, we identified three candidate genes: SOV3g042000 (membrane protein), SOV3g041980 (mariner transposase), SOV3g041990 (pentatricopeptide repeat). These genetic loci explained 30.55% of the phenotypic variation observed in leaf base color. These findings provide critical insights into genetic architecture governing leaf base color in spinach. The identified SNPs and candidate genes represent valuable targets for marker-assisted selection and gene editing, facilitating the development of improved spinach cultivars with desired leaf base color. Overall, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the genetic control of leaf pigmentation, ultimately supporting targeted breeding strategies for spinach varieties.
Speakers
MU

Muhammad Ullah

university of arkansas
NA
Co-authors
AS

Ainong Shi

University of Arkasnas
AR

Awais Riaz

University of Arkansas
NA
HA

Hanan Alkabkabi

university of arkansas
NA
KC

Kenani Chiwina

University of Arkansas
NA
RD

Renjie Du

university of arkansas
NA
YQ

YUEJUN QU

University of Arkansas
Friday August 1, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 12B

2:30pm CDT

CE 8 - Evaluating the Impact of Aeration Location and Method on Root Zone Dissolved Oxygen and Growth of Arugula and Spinach in
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Adequate aeration in deep-water culture (DWC) sustains high dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, promoting nutrient uptake and root development. In multi-layered DWC systems, where a single reservoir supplies multiple trays, strategic aeration placement is essential for uniform oxygen distribution. This study examines how aeration location (reservoir vs. growing tray) and oxygenation method (air pump vs. oxygen concentrator) affect root zone DO levels and the growth of arugula (Eruca sativa ‘Astro’) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea ‘Auroch’). Plants were grown for 25 days in an indoor vertical farm at the air temperature of 22 °C under sole-source LED lighting (18-h photoperiod, 215 µmol∙m⁻²∙s⁻¹). Six aeration treatments were applied in a DWC system comprising a reservoir and a growing tray: no aeration (control), air pump aeration (reservoir, tray, or both), and oxygen concentrator aeration (reservoir or tray). The average DO level in the rootzone without aeration was 5.6 ppm. Aeration using the air pump increased DO to 6.0 ppm when placed in the reservoir, 7.3 ppm when placed in the tray, and 7.3 ppm when applied to both the reservoir and the tray. The oxygen concentrator treatment resulted in a higher increase in DO in the root zone, reaching 9.5 ppm when aeration was applied in the reservoir and 19.7 ppm when applied in the growing tray. Regardless of the oxygenation method, aeration in the reservoir had no effect on the growth of arugula or spinach compared to no aeration. Air pump aeration in the growing tray or both locations similarly increased leaf area, shoot fresh mass, and shoot dry mass in both species. In arugula, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, and shoot dry mass increased by 294%, 227%, and 120%, respectively. In spinach, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, and shoot dry mass increased by 184%, 216%, and 100%, respectively. Oxygen concentrator aeration in the growing tray increased leaf area by 217%, shoot fresh mass by 224%, and shoot dry mass by 73% in arugula, while having minimal effects on spinach. Our findings indicate that aerating the growing tray is more effective at increasing DO concentration than aerating the reservoir. Additionally, oxygen concentrators were more efficient than air pumps at elevating DO levels. However, regardless of DO concentration, aeration in the growing tray with the air pump was most effective at promoting growth in both arugula and spinach.
Speakers
KS

Keaton Schlink

Arizona State University
NA
Co-authors
NA

Noah Adams

Arizona State University
NA
YP

Yujin Park

Arizona State University
ZC

Zhihao Chen

Arizona State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 10
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 8

2:30pm CDT

CITR 4 - Evaluating Root Uptake of Gibberellic Acid as an Alternative to Foliar Application in Citrus
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus and has severely impacted the citrus industry in Florida, causing substantial economic losses. With no known cure, management practices just aim to mitigate the harmful effects on the tree. Recent studies have shown that the 5 monthly foliar applications (September-January) of gibberellic acid (GA) can reduce preharvest fruit drop, improve fruit set, and enhance tree health. The potential impact of these findings is huge for commercial citrus production; however, growers are looking for alternatives to foliar application as foliar sprays are highly weather dependent and expensive, currently an air blast sprayer application can range anywhere from $30 to $50 per acre. Therefore, it becomes critical to find alternatives to foliar GA application. Supply of GA to the plants through irrigation could be a valid alterative instead of foliar application. This study explores the feasibility of GA application through irrigation as an alternative to foliar sprays. Specifically, we investigated GA uptake efficiency through citrus roots, its effects on overall plant growth, and transcriptomic changes in leaves and roots. Preliminary results indicate that both foliar (GF) and root applications (GR) induced tree responses, altering the hormone profiles in leaves and roots. Fifteen days post application, GR showed significantly higher concentration of GA₁ (950 ng/g fresh weight (FW)), GA₃ (450 ng/g FW), and GA8(112 ng/g FW) in the roots whereas these hormones were undetectable in the GF or untreated controlled. In the leaves, GA3 was significantly higher (210 ng/g FW) in GF but undetectable in untreated and GR. At 30 days post treatment, an enhanced leaf growth response was observed in GF trees with a mean new growth of 35 leaves as compared to 20.2 in GR and 17.8 in untreated control. Similarly, a 60-day hydroponic study demonstrated that root GA application significantly increased leaf production (p = 0.04). Bud growth was also significantly higher in root-treated plants compared to controls at both 10 days (p = 0.01) and 20 days (p = 0.01) post-application These preliminary findings suggest that root-applied GA does not mimic foliar application effects but offers some benefits for plant growth. An in-depth, long-term analysis is underway to validate the potential of GA delivery via irrigation.
Speakers
AN

Abhishek Neupane

University of Florida
Co-authors
TV

Tripti Vashisth

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:30pm CDT

NUR - Identification and Management of Botryosphaeria dothidea, the Causal Agent of Canker Disease of Eastern Redbud in Tennes
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Eastern redbuds (Cercis canadensis), valued for their vibrant flowers and heart-shaped foliage, are economically important trees in Tennessee nurseries. However, large-scale production is challenged by fungal canker pathogens that compromise tree health and marketability. In 2023, field and container-grown eastern redbuds in Tennessee exhibited dieback, dark, sunken necrotic lesions, and vascular discoloration. Fungal isolates from diseased tissue exhibited morphological and microscopic characteristics consistent with members of the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Molecular identification was done by amplifying the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB), and translation elongation factor (EF1-α) gene markers. The phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ITS, TUB, and EF1-α sequences confirmed the pathogen as B. dothidea, and the pathogenicity test further established its pathogenic nature. Currently, there is no effective strategy for managing Botryosphaeria canker in redbuds. This study aimed to identify the causal agent and assess the efficacy of fungicides and biofungicides for canker disease management. Greenhouse trials were conducted from May to November in 2023 (Trial 1) and 2024 (Trial 2) using a completely randomized design with 14 treatments, which included non-treated, inoculated control, non-treated, non-inoculated control, and wound control, with six replications per treatment. Treatments included chemical fungicides (Avelyo, Pillar SC_LR, Pillar SC_HR, Postiva, SP2700WP, SP2478, and Kleengrow) and biofungicides (BotryStop WP, RootShield PLUS, Stargus, and Tril-21). These treatments were applied as foliar spray, wound treatment, drench, or sprench at 14-day intervals. One-year-old container-grown healthy eastern redbuds were wounded and artificially inoculated with fungal mycelial plugs, followed by fungicide applications. Disease progression was monitored over a six-month period by measuring plant height, width, lesion length, and pathogen recovery. All tested fungicides and biofungicides significantly reduced canker lesion length and pathogen recovery compared to the non-treated, inoculated controls. The most effective treatments in reducing Botryosphaeria canker severity were BotryStop WP (Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3), RootShield PLUS (Trichoderma harzianum T. virens G-41), and Pillar SC (triticonazole pyraclostrobin). However, no significant difference was observed in plant height and width among different treatments. These findings provide nursery growers with an idea of the causal agent and effective management strategies for reducing the severity of Botryosphaeria canker in redbud production.
Speakers
PS

Pratima Subedi

Tennessee State University
PhD student working on Identification and Management of Fungal Canker Pathogens of Woody Ornamentals.
Co-authors
FB

Fulya Baysal

Tennessee State University
NA
SD

Sujan Dawadi

Tennessee State University
NA
TS

Terri Simmons

Tennessee State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Foster 1

2:30pm CDT

PNM 4 - Differential Impacts of Nitrogen on Circadian Transcriptional Rhythms in Spinach
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Circadian rhythm, a vital adaptive mechanism in green organisms, synchronizes plants' physiological processes with daily and seasonal environmental changes. Circadian clock oscillator genes significantly regulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes, emphasizing their role in mediating plant responses to environmental stresses. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is essential for optimizing plant growth, enhancing productivity, and improving resilience to ecological changes, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security. Nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient; both depleted and excessive nitrogen fertilization can negatively impact plant growth, development, and yield. Overapplication of nitrogen fertilizers can disrupt soil properties, limiting nutrient availability and altering soil composition (including soil acidification, salinization, and disruption of beneficial microbial communities). Additionally, excessive nitrogen usage contributes to harmful gas emissions from the soil into the atmosphere, which can affect human health, climate, and overall ecosystems. Effective nitrogen management is crucial for promoting healthy plant growth and minimizing environmental damage, making a balanced approach essential for sustainable agriculture. This study evaluated the daily regulation of transcriptional changes in nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen depletion (Low N: 50 ppm) and spinach leaf repletion (High N: 200 ppm) conditions. The RNA-Seq analysis reveals that high nitrogen (HN) conditions induce more significant transcriptomic changes than low nitrogen (LN), particularly in nitrogen assimilation, transport, and amino acid metabolism genes. Expression patterns of these genes vary across time points, with distinct regulation during light and dark cycles. Validation through qPCR and RNA-Seq confirms that nitrogen assimilation peaks at the end of the dark cycle. In contrast, nitrogen transport (NRT1) and amino acid synthesis are more pronounced during the light cycle under HN conditions. The circadian clock gene Late Elongated Hypocotyl (LHY) regulates the timing of nitrogen assimilation. LHY expression increases at the end of the dark cycle, correlating with higher expressions of nitrogen assimilation genes, including Nitrate Reductase (NIA) and Nitrite Reductase (NiR). These results underscore the significance of circadian rhythms, mainly through LHY, in optimizing nitrogen acquisition and utilization.
Speakers Co-authors
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 4
  • Subject Plant Nutrient Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-Agriculture Marketing Service (Specialty Crop Multi-State Program; CDFA 21-0730-001-SF

2:30pm CDT

POM 4 - Rethinking Pollination and Crop Load Management: Multi-Year Evaluation of Insect-Exclusion Netting in Apple Orchards
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Thinning remains a critical yet challenging practice in apple production, especially for organic systems where chemical tools are limited. Since 2017, our research has evaluated the use of insect-exclusion netting as a sustainable, non-chemical strategy to simultaneously manage crop load and reduce pest pressure. What began as small-scale trials has expanded to commercial-scale implementation in Michigan, supported by USDA funding. Over the course of eight years, we evaluated netting on a diverse suite of cultivars including 'Gala', 'Fuji', 'SweeTango’, Liberty’ and 'Honeycrisp' in multiple locations. Canopies were enclosed at varying bloom stages, and results consistently demonstrated that netting significantly reduced fruit set in proportion to the amount of open bloom at the time of application. Cultivar-specific responses were observed: Gala’ and 'Fuji' achieved optimal crop loads when netted between 25% and 50% bloom, while ‘SweeTango’ and 'Honeycrisp' often required higher percentage of open bloom. In several trials, netted trees yielded commercial fruit numbers without requiring hand or chemical thinning. Fruit size and quality remained similar to conventional treatments, while seed content was reduced without negatively impacting fruit development. In many cases, trees netted at the ‘pink’ phenology stage produced adequate fruit set of low seed-content fruit despite the exclusion of pollinators. Importantly, molecular genotyping using 16 SNP markers revealed that seed parentage in netted canopies overlapped with known pollinizer genotypes. This ruled out self-pollination and suggested that wind, rather than insects, facilitated cross-pollination under netted conditions. Additionally, fruit retention was linked to seed content at the population level, not the individual fruit level, further supporting the viability of non-insect pollination under netting. In 2024, we implemented nets in commercial orchards in Michigan to validate scalability. Netting treatments at 30% and 60% King Bloom produced yields and fruit quality metrics comparable to conventional thinning. Pest monitoring confirmed male codling moth exclusion and reduced San Jose scale captures, though woolly apple aphid and flower thrips populations increased under nets given the exclusion of natural predators Collectively, our results indicate that exclusion netting is a promising, multifunctional tool for organic and sustainable apple production. Beyond thinning and pest control, netting systems enable effective crop set through wind-mediated pollination, challenging traditional assumptions of insect dependency. Adoption of this system may require revised orchard design to optimize pollen flow, but offers significant environmental benefits, including reduced chemical inputs, support for pollinator conservation, and improved climate resilience in Midwestern apple orchards.
Speakers
ME

Mokhles Elsysy

Michigan State University
Co-authors
TE

Todd Einhorn

Michigan State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 4
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source SARE

2:30pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction of Leaf Texture in USDA GRIN Spinach Germplasm
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a globally valued vegetable, renowned for its rich nutritional content and health-enhancing benefits. Leaf texture, ranging from smooth to savoy, is an important trait influencing consumer preference, taste, and nutritional compositions. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with leaf texture in spinach, along with genomic prediction (GP) to facilitate trait screening in breeding programs. GWAS was performed on a panel of 103 USDA spinach germplasm accessions using 12,744 high-quality filtered SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing. Several statistical models, including MLMM, MLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK, were applied using the GAPIT 3 tool. Two significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions were identified on chromosome 1, spanning from 13,798,232 bp to 51,588,552 bp. Within this region, three SNP markers—SOVchr1_13798232 (LOD 5.84), SOVchr1_51500008 (LOD 9.73), and SOVchr1_51588552 (LOD 5.77) and—showed strong associations with leaf texture. Additionally, another SNP marker, SOVchr2_8225269, on chromosome 2, also exhibited a strong association with this trait. Furthermore, the gene SOV1g002810, located between 13,795,625 bp and 13,803,405 bp on chromosome 1, encodes a ULP_PROTEASE domain-containing protein and is proposed as a potential candidate associated with the trait. GP revealed strong predictive accuracy (PA), with an r value of 0.43. The identified SNP markers and PA metrics provide valuable tools for breeders to spinach breeding programs through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS), thereby accelerating the development of spinach lines with desired leaf textures.
Speakers
RD

Renjie Du

university of arkansas
NA
Co-authors
AS

Ainong Shi

University of Arkasnas
BM

Beiquan Mou

Sam Farr U.S. Crop Improvement and Protection Research Center, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)
NA
DH

Derrick Harrison

university of arkansas
NA
HX

Haizheng Xiong

Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
NA
HA

Hanan Alkabkabi

university of arkansas
NA
IA

Ibtisam Alatawi

university of arkansas
NA
KC

Kenani Chiwina

University of Arkansas
NA
MU

Muhammad Ullah

university of arkansas
NA
QL

Qun Luo

university of arkansas
NA
YQ

YUEJUN QU

University of Arkansas
Friday August 1, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

2:45pm CDT

CE 8 - Manipulation of Light Spectrum Enhances Seed Yield and Plant Compactness in Soybean Cultivated in Controlled Environment
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Soybeans play a crucial role in global agriculture, serving as a primary source of protein and oil, which supports food security, livestock feed, and renewable energy worldwide. The growing demand for food and fuel has intensified the need for soybean production, driving research into soybean cultivation in controlled environments. Manipulating light conditions using specialized LED lights in soybean production is particularly promising, as soybeans are highly responsive to light variations, including changes in the light spectrum. Our objective was to develop compact soybean plants optimized for controlled environments and enhance seed yield by exposing them to various light spectra. Soybean plants (varieties CZ 75 70LL and S16-14801C) were cultivated from seeds in growth chambers (27 °C/26 °C, day/night; 68% relative humidity; 590 µmol mol⁻1 CO₂) in 11 L plastic pots containing peat-moss substrate. One week after germination, the plants were exposed to one of four light spectrum treatments with 700 μmol m−2 s−1 photon flux density. These treatments had different percentages of photon flux ratios of blue (B: 400–500 nm), green (G: 500–600 nm), red (R: 600–700 nm), and far-red (FR: 700–750 nm) wavelengths: 1) 22B:50G:26R:2FR (White light), 2) 20B:80R, 3) 50B:50R, and 4) 40B:40R:20FR. Seed yield evaluations showed that the 40B:40R:20FR treatment resulted in a 10% higher 100-seed weight compared with the other treatments for both varieties. The number of seeds per plant increased by 21% in S16-14801C and 11% in CZ 75 70LL under the same treatment. Seed weight per plant was also higher in both varieties under this treatment, with increases of 26% for S16-14801C and 19% for CZ 75 70LL. Morphological evaluations revealed that the shortest plants were in the 50B:50R treatment, with a 2.4-fold reduction in height for S16-14801C and a 1.7-fold reduction for CZ 75 70LL compared to White light. Plants under the 40B:40R:20FR treatment were 33% shorter than those in the white light treatment for both varieties. Additionally, plants exposed to 40B:40R:20FR had 27% fewer branches but exhibited a 19% thicker stem diameter and a 29% higher shoot dry weight than other treatments. These findings confirm that the light spectrum can be adjusted to meet specific goals and enhance soybean cultivation in controlled environments, particularly by increasing seed yield and promoting plant compactness.
Speakers
avatar for Cristiane da Silva

Cristiane da Silva

Postdoctoral Research Scholar, North Carolina State University
I'm Cristiane, a plant physiologist with experience in plant biochemistry and plant responses to abiotic stress. Currently, I'm a post-doc at NCSU studying the effects of light on plant life cycles to expedite breeding purposes in crop and tree species. When I'm not working, I enjoy... Read More →
Co-authors
CC

Cristian Collado

North Carolina State University
NA
RH

Ricardo Hernandez

North Carolina State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 10

2:45pm CDT

CITR 4 - Brassinosteroid-Induced Physiological Adaptations Improve Freezing Tolerance in Grapefruit (cv. Ray Ruby)
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant steroid hormones that regulate a wide range of developmental and physiological processes. In addition, these hormones play a significant role in helping plants cope with stress by modulating responses to various stressors, including heat, cold, drought, and heavy metals. Freezing temperatures during winter and spring pose a serious threat to citrus production, putting the sustainability of this newly emerging citrus industry in north Florida. Based on the protective effects of BRs, we hypothesized that exogenous application of BRs could enhance the basal tolerance of citrus plants exposed to freezing temperatures. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the photosynthetic performance and cellular damage of cold sensitive grapefruit (cv. Ray Ruby) plants sprayed with BRs (6 ppm) under freezing stress. Plants were treated with BRs (0 and 6 ppm) at 12, 24, and 48 hours before freezing stress (hbfs). Plants maintained at 20°C and sprayed with BRs (0 and 6 ppm) served as controls. Following treatment, the plants were placed in a freezing chamber and subjected to a gradual temperature decrease until reaching -6°C, where they were maintained for 1.5 hours. Freezing stress induced greater cellular damage in exposed plants compared to those kept at 20°C. However, BRs-treated plants at 12, 24, and 48 hbfs showed approximately 30% less cellular damage compared to water-sprayed plants. Photosynthetic parameters were affected by freezing stress, leading to reductions in CO₂ assimilation (
Speakers
avatar for Carlos Aucique

Carlos Aucique

Postdoctoral Associate, University of Florida
Co-authors
CN

Charles Nauck

University of Florida
NA
KL

KeAndre Leaks

University of Florida
NA
MS

Muhammad Shahid

University of Florida
NA
SI

Shahid Iqbal

University of Florida
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:45pm CDT

NUR - The Challenges and Opportunities of Using Colored Shade Materials for Nursery Production
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a widely cultivated ornamental nursery crop, but its vigorous shoot growth often necessitates labor-intensive pruning or repeated applications of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to achieve saleable quality. As a result, methods to reduce reliance on pruning or PGRs are highly desirable to growers. One potential alternative is the use of shade netting, which is commonly used in nursery production to protect sensitive plants from excessive solar radiation. This includes hydrangeas which are frequently grown under 30–50% black shade netting. Beyond reducing light intensity, shade nets can also alter the light spectrum, adjusting the relative quantities of blue (400–499 nm), green (500–599 nm), and red (600–699 nm) light, which may affect plant morphology. Blue shade nets, which primarily absorb green and red light, are often marketed as tools to produce more compact shoot growth and thus could serve as an alternative to pruning or PGRs. However, little information exists on the use of blue shade netting to control hydrangea shoot growth. This study evaluated the effects of shade color (black, blue, red, and grey) and blue shade percentage (40–75%) on the growth of hydrangea ‘Twist and Shout’ in a nursery and a greenhouse trial. In the nursery trial, hoop houses were covered with either 30% black, 30% blue, 30% red, or 45% grey shade netting. In the greenhouse trial, chambers were covered with either 40% blue, 50% blue, 75% blue, or 50% black shade netting. Growth parameters including canopy height, width, volume, projected canopy area, leaf length, and chlorophyll concentration were measured repeatedly over a 49-day growth period. Results from the nursery and greenhouse trial showed that shade percentage, not shade color, was the dominant factor influencing shoot growth. Thus, colored shade netting did not suppress plant vigor or reduce the need for pruning or PGRs. These findings suggest that 30% black shade was ideal for hydrangea production, and altering the color of shade netting provided no additive benefits. While ineffective for hydrangea production, nursery crops that benefit from higher percentages of shade such as Hosta plantaginea, may benefit more from colored shade netting.
Speakers
ES

Eric Stallknecht

Virginia Tech
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Virginia Nursery & Landscape Horticulture Research Foundation

2:45pm CDT

PNM 4 - Effects of Nutrient Management on Nutrient Leaching in Cut-and-Come-Again Collards Production
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Cut-and-come-again, or repeat harvesting, is a practice in which a single planting of greens is harvested on multiple occasions. This is a common practice among small-scale, urban, and home producers in which the outermost leaves are removed, leaving the growing center of the plant intact enabling multiple harvests without compromising plant health. As this practice is not common among large-scale and commercial producers, there are currently no research-based fertilizer recommendations for cut-and-come-again greens. General guidance simply suggests continued, nitrogen-heavy fertilizer applications to ensure repeated harvests. This type of guidance is not easy to follow and could lead to overapplications and nutrient leaching. An experiment was designed to examine eight different fertilizer application strategies to determine which provided better growth and nutritional quality in later collard harvests while limiting nutrient leaching. Fertilizer applications for the cut-and-come-again treatments (CC) ranged from an initial fertilizer application matching local nutrient recommendations, to repeated applications either the initial complete application or a nitrogen side dressing at every third, every other, or at each harvest. A single harvest control grown to maturity (ODM) was also monitored for nutrient leaching. Leachate from collards was collected weekly and the volume measured. Leachate was then tested for pH, conductivity, color, and turbidity using bench top instruments. A portion of the leachate was also filtered and tested for nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, and phosphate using microplate spectroscopy. Another filtered portion was acidified and tested for mineral nutrient content using ICP-OES. Nutrient management treatment had no effect on leachate volume, which was affected by sample collection time, season, and year, likely due to weather variation and plant growth factors. Nutrient management treatment did have an effect on water quality metrics; however, no metric displayed a dose response. Differences between nutrient management treatments were seen during the spring of 2024 more often than any other growing season. Most metrics were higher in the spring than in the fall, which could be due to poor growth and fewer harvests in the fall, and therefore lower nutrient additions. While the two fall growing seasons were very similar to each other, there were some differences between the spring of 2023 and the spring of 2024, although which had higher nutrient content depending on the nutrient measured. Leachate pH, color, and increased with the number of days after planting in most cases. Leachate conductivity, turbidity, potassium, magnesium, total phosphorus, and sodium decreased with number of days after planting.
Speakers
LW

Leigh Whittinghill

The Connecticut Agricultural Expeirment Station
Co-authors
MC

Meghan Cahill

The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
NA
SS

Sofia Shubin

Southern Connecticut State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 4
  • Subject Plant Nutrient Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service grant AM22SCBPCT1132

2:45pm CDT

POM 4 - Fruit Doubling in Montmorency Tart Cherry (Prunus cerasus)
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Heat or drought stress during critical stages of bud differentiation can result in the formation of double pistils in many stone fruits. If these flowers are pollinated, the resulting malformed “double” or “twin” fruit are not marketable. The frequency of double fruit in Utah tart cherry orchards has increased in recent years. To determine the critical time of flower bud formation for doubling, whole-tree treatments of induced heat stress were imposed for one-week intervals from July to September in 2022 and 2023. The resulting doubling incidence was observed in the following spring and at harvest. There were seasonal differences in the frequency of doubled fruit between years, but the highest incidence of doubling in both years resulted from induced heat stress at 4 to 6 weeks after harvest. Understanding this timing is important in targeting alleviation strategies such as evaporative cooling or spray-on orchard protectants.
Speakers
avatar for Brent Black

Brent Black

Utah State University
NA
Co-authors
JM

Josette Moon

Utah State University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 4
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Utah Department of Agriculture and Food Specialty Crop Block Grant

2:45pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in USDA Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Germplasm at the Seedling Stage
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Soil salinity is a critical abiotic stress that severely limits spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) growth and productivity, particularly in salt-affected agricultural regions. Developing salt-tolerant cultivars and identifying genetically diverse germplasm are essential strategies to improve spinach resilience under saline conditions. In this study, 150 spinach accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) germplasm collection are evaluated under control and salt stress (300 mM NaCl) conditions in a controlled greenhouse environment. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seedlings were assessed for chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf injury score (1–7 scale; 1 representing no visible injury and 7 representing completely necrotic leaves), and seedling height (cm). Substantial genetic variation was observed among the accessions. Five accessions were identified as salt-tolerant based on trait performance, including higher chlorophyll content, lower leaf injury scores, and greater seedling height under salt stress. These included CPPSIH 3 04, PI 171860, PI 177082, PI 171859, and PI 174387. Broad-sense heritability was high for chlorophyll content, leaf injury score, and seedling height, indicating that these traits are largely controlled by genetic factors under salinity stress. A negative correlation was detected between chlorophyll content and leaf injury score, suggesting that accessions maintaining higher chlorophyll content tended to exhibit less foliar damage under salt stress. These findings highlight valuable genetic resources for spinach breeding programs focused on improving salinity tolerance. Future studies will expand the evaluation to a broader collection of spinach accessions and implement genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that can facilitate molecular breeding for salt tolerance.
Speakers
HA

Hanan Alkabkabi

University of Arkansas
NA
Co-authors
AS

Ainong Shi

University of Arkasnas
DH

Derrick Harrison

university of arkansas
NA
HX

haizheng xiong

University of Arkansas
IA

Ibtisam Alatawi

university of arkansas
NA
KC

Kenani Chiwina

University of Arkansas
NA
MU

Muhammad Ullah

university of arkansas
NA
QL

Qun Luo

university of arkansas
NA
RD

Renjie Du

university of arkansas
NA
YQ

YUEJUN QU

University of Arkansas
Friday August 1, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

3:00pm CDT

CE 8 - Flower Mapping as a Tool to Predict Near-Future Strawberry Yield in Controlled Environment Agriculture Systems
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) production in the United States is a $2.5 billion industry, traditionally dominated by field cultivation. Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) is emerging as a promising alternative, offering year-round production and greater control over growing conditions. Despite its potential, strawberry cultivation in CEA systems remains cost-intensive, primarily due to high labor requirements. Additionally, strawberry production follows a cyclical pattern, with fruit developing in discrete peaks known as flushes. These fluctuations present challenges for consistent resource management, labor planning, and market supply, highlighting the need for predictive tools to optimize production efficiency. Our primary research objective is to develop a strawberry growers’ decision support tool for crop management through yield prediction based on flower mapping, a method of describing floral developmental stages through meristem dissection. Using a soilless hanging gutter system designed to mimic a commercial greenhouse production system, we grew a widely used cultivar Albion. The greenhouse maintained average daytime and nighttime air temperatures of 22.5 ± 3.1°C and 18.2 ± 2.8°C, respectively. Daily light integral (DLI) averaged 20.0 ± 3.0 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹, daytime CO₂ concentration averaged 580 ± 207 ppm, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) averaged 1.0 ± 0.6 kPa. Supplemental lighting provided a 16-hour photoperiod with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of ~250 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. Plants were fertigated through a drip irrigation system and grown in a commercial strawberry substrate composed of 100% coconut coir fiber. We performed weekly flower mapping on randomly sampled plants and yield measurements for the rest of plants for 19 weeks. We hypothesized that yield of a future week can be predicted based on counts of floral buds at each of 11 developmental stages. We found that floral meristem stages 4 and 5 (when calyx and trichomes differentiate on the floral bud) exhibit significant positive correlations with yield occurring nine weeks later. In addition, stage 11 meristems (anthesis) showed a significant positive correlation with yield occurring three weeks later. The remaining developmental stages exhibited weaker correlations and were less reliable predictors of upcoming yield. By using these key developmental stages, we will develop a methodology for forecasting near-future yield. This will help U.S. greenhouse strawberry growers to make informed decisions about resource allocation, labor scheduling, and market planning, ultimately optimizing yield and production efficiency in CEA systems. Our research outcomes lay the groundwork for more comprehensive yield predictions in the future.
Speakers Co-authors
CK

Chieri Kubota

The Ohio State University
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 10
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 8

3:00pm CDT

CITR 4 - Extending the Satsuma Harvest Window Through a Single Gibberellic Acid Application
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
The Georgia citrus industry is rapidly growing. The citrus farmgate value increased by ~70% from 2022 ($22.4M) to 2021 ($13.2M). More acres of citrus are put in every year and, as of 2024, there are nearly 5,000 acres of citrus across the southern half of the state. Of this acreage approximately 60% are satsumas. This has generated a bottleneck for packinghouses as a majority of the citrus grown in the state reach an acceptable maturity at the same time. Georgia citrus growers have expressed an interest in expanding the harvest window of their existing plantings so more fruit can reach the market. The plant growth regulator, gibberellic acid (GA), has historically been used to delay color break in Florida citrus. Unfortunately, the existing recommendations from Florida are not applicable to the citrus varieties grown in Georgia. The present works aims to develop GA recommendations for Georgia satsumas. GA was applied at a rate of 0, 8, 10, 15, 20 ppm (n = 4) prior to color break in August 2024. The 15 and 20 ppm concentrations saw significantly less red and yellow color development by mid-December (p
Speakers
MS

Mary Sutton

University of Georgia
Co-authors
JK

Jacob Kalina

University of Georgia
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Citrus Crops 4

3:00pm CDT

NUR - Mapping Water Risk for US Nursery and Greenhouse Growers
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Nursery and greenhouse growers and dealers in the United States contribute significantly to the economy, environment, and food systems. Nursery and greenhouse operations provide a wide range of plants critical to residential and commercial landscaping, habitat creation for pollinators, and essential planting materials for fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crop production. The sustainability of these operations, as with other agricultural productions, highly relies on water availability, making it significant to evaluate the future of water and climatic risks throughout the United States. This study focuses on the critical part of this evaluation, developing a map of licensed greenhouse and nursery growers and dealers throughout the United States, using information received directly from state officials and agency websites. Texas, Florida and California were revealed to have the most HRI operations (growers and dealers), but the latter two states have the most growers. Region-wise, the Southeast and Northeast regions have the most nursery growers, with the Northern Rockies and Plains and the Southwest regions having the lowest numbers, although states like Utah, Arizona, and Idaho are currently missing in our analysis due to data unavailability and complexity. This mapping exercise will be followed by overlaying climatic indices such as precipitation, temperature and drought forecasts, to evaluate growers' state and regional vulnerability to water and climatic risks. This will aid in assessing climate-related risks, guide adaptive strategies, and support sustainable nursery management across diverse environmental zones.
Speakers
IB

Ibrahim Busari

Clemson University
Co-authors
DS

Debabrata Sahoo

Clemson University
NA
LA

Lydia Alford

Clemson University
NA
SW

Sarah White

Clemson University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Horticulture Research Institute

3:00pm CDT

PNM 4 - Effect of Selenium Fertilization on Carotenoid and Glucosinolate Accumulation in Two Cress Varieties Grown Hydroponicall
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Nutrient biofortification in leafy vegetables is a promising strategy to enhance dietary health benefits, improve crop nutritional quality, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Advanced plant cultivation techniques, such as hydroponic production and targeted micronutrient fertilization, provide a controlled environment for optimizing nutrient uptake and secondary metabolite synthesis. Selenium (Se), an essential micronutrient, has been shown to influence plant metabolism, particularly the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and glucosinolates. However, its role in modulating these phytochemicals in hydroponically grown Nasturtium officinale (watercress) and Barbarea verna (upland cress) remains underexplored. This ongoing study investigates the effects of selenium fertilization at varying concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg Se·L⁻¹) on carotenoid and glucosinolate accumulation in two cress varieties cultivated under controlled hydroponic conditions. The hydroponic system provides a consistent environment for plant growth, allowing precise manipulation of nutrient levels, pH, temperature, and light intensity. Selenium treatments follow a randomized complete block design to ensure replication and statistical rigor. Growth parameters, biomass accumulation, and biochemical analyses of carotenoid and glucosinolate levels are being monitored to determine the interactions between selenium uptake and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Carotenoid content in plant tissues will be quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while glucosinolate concentrations will be determined through chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, ensuring precise assessment of bioactive compound accumulation. Preliminary observations suggest that selenium supplementation may modulate plant physiological responses, potentially enhancing carotenoid and glucosinolate synthesis. Differences in metabolite accumulation between the two cress varieties indicate potential genotype-specific responses to selenium fertilization. Understanding these interactions will contribute to optimizing hydroponic production systems, improving the nutritional and functional quality of leafy greens, and informing sustainable agricultural practices. Findings from this study could advance nutrient-fortification strategies, enhance functional food development, and address micronutrient deficiencies, thereby supporting both horticultural innovation and public health. Keywords: Selenium fertilization, Beta-carotene, Hydroponic, Watercress varieties, Agricultural sustainability, Crop yields, Environmental impact, Spectrophotometric analysis,
Speakers
AA

Adekunle Adeyeye

Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY
Co-authors
TN

Theoneste Nzaramyimana

Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:00pm CDT

POM 4 - Diversity and Abundance of Insect Pollinators in Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), an Emerging Commercial Fruit Crop
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a temperate, deciduous fruit tree native to North America and a member of the custard apple family (Annonaceae). It produces unique, flavorful fruit with a taste resembling mango, banana, and pineapple, making it valuable for various value-added products such as jams, bread, ice cream, and brandy. Pawpaw fruits are also rich in nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants, contributing to their increasing commercial potential. However, fruit sets in some cultivars may be limited due to the protogynous and self-incompatible nature of pawpaw flowers, which require external pollinators for successful fertilization. Unlike many fruit-bearing species, pawpaw has been thought to be pollinated by beetles and flies rather than bees. However, their abundance and role in pollination remain understudied. This study aims to identify and quantify insect visitors to flowering and non-flowering branches of two pawpaw cultivars, ‘Sunflower’ and ‘Susquehanna’. Ten trees of each cultivar were selected, and a completely randomized design was implemented setting up 20 wire cage traps coated with tangle-trap adhesive (The ORTHO Group, Marysville, OH 43040) on flowering and 20 on non-flowering branches. After an 18-day flowering period, the traps were collected, and captured insects were identified to the level of order and their abundance recorded. In 2024, 20 traps were placed at control sites outside the orchard (roadsides and fields), and nine days of direct observations were conducted to document insect activity on male and female flower stages. Data were analyzed using RStudio v.2023.09.1 (Posit, PBC, Boston, MA) and subjected to an ANOVA, with flowers, cultivars, and years as treatment factors, followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) means separation. Results from 2023 indicate a significantly higher abundance (p-value< 0.0001***) of Coleopteran insects on both flowering and non-flowering branches of ‘Sunflower’ and ‘Susquehanna’ compared to 2024. In 2023 Coleoptera was significantly higher in the flowering branch (p-value 0.0255*) and had an interaction of cultivar and flowers (p-value 0.04767*) while in 2024 Diptera was substantially higher in the non-flowering branches (p-value 0.04009 *) This study provides valuable insights into the pollination ecology of pawpaw, aiding in the development of strategies to enhance fruit set and improve commercial production as the species transitions into broader commercialization.
Speakers
ST

Subas Thapa Magar

Kentucky State University
A major change happened when the tragedy of Corona hit the world. Hi, I am Subas Thapa Magar, a graduate research assistant under the supervisor Dr. Kirk Pomper. I am currently working on Pawpaw (Asimina Triloba), the native fruit tree of the United States of America, and my research... Read More →
Co-authors
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Kentucky State University
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Pomology 4

3:00pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Response Of Sweet Potato Genotypes To Drought Stress
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Sweet potato (SP) is a staple in many countries, primarily used for human consumption, but also showing potential for animal feed, ethanol production, ornamental use, and industrial applications. SP is mistakenly considered tolerant to drought, but water shortage can significantly compromise the yield and quality of this crop. It is frequently cropped in drought-prone environments, characterized by sandy soil and high temperatures. Identifying drought-tolerant genotypes is essential for the development of future-ready cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate physiological, biochemical, and morphological responses of sweet potato genotypes to water deficit conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted in a 2 x 20 factorial scheme with four replicates. The first factor consisted of two water regimes, 20 and 100% of pot capacity. The second factor included 20 genotypes. Plants were grown in 12L-pots filled with a 2:1 soil-to-sand mixture. All plants were irrigated at full pot capacity for five weeks to ensure establishment. Subsequently, water regimes were imposed employing time-domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors, and evaluations were conducted four weeks later. Parameters assessed included chlorophyll fluorescence, biomass, water potential, gas exchange, biochemical parameters, and secondary metabolites. Genotypes responded differently to water regimes, revealing considerable genetic variability for drought tolerance. Water deficit negatively affected the performance of several genotypes, particularly in relation to the variation of minimum fluorescence (Fv/F0), leaf water potential, and electron transport rate. Correlation analysis showed strong associations among traits of stressed plants. There was a high positive correlation between leaf water potential and fresh mass of the aerial part, as well as the photosynthetic rate with the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fm and Fv/F0. Genotypes ‘Luiza’, ‘Canadense’, ‘CIP-420717', ‘Maria Isabel’, and ‘CIP-440186' exhibited superior performance under drought conditions and are promising candidates for breeding programs targeting drought tolerance.
Speakers
avatar for Edgard Silva

Edgard Silva

Western Sao Paulo University
Co-authors
AC

Ana Claudia Pacheco

Western Sao Paulo University
NA
BV

Beatriz Viezel Moraes

Western Sao Paulo University
NA
DS

Dario Sousa da Silva

Western Sao Paulo University
NA
EP

Elisa Patricia Ramos de Melo

Western Sao Paulo University
NA
JL

Joao Lucas Pires Leal

Western Sao Paulo University
NA
MA

Maria Albertina Monteiro dos Reis

Western Sao Paulo University
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 3

3:15pm CDT

CITR 4 - Insights into Pre-Harvest Rind Disorder in Mandarins Under California Growing Conditions
Friday August 1, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
The citrus industry experiences considerable losses due to a physiological rind disorder that compromises mandarin fruit quality and marketability—particularly in cultivars like Satsuma Owari. This disorder, characterized by water-soaked areas that progress to brown lesions, is likely triggered by multiple factors, including environmental conditions such as high relative humidity and rainfall. It typically appears after fall rain events and is more prevalent in fruit from the outer canopy. Our study, conducted in a commercial orchard in California’s San Joaquin Valley, explored the role of environmental conditions, rind water status, and potential management strategies. We found that treatments applied at the color break stage, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 16 mg/L), gibberellic acid (GA₃, 20 mg/L), and Vapor Gard® (0.5% v/v)—significantly reduced rind damage. However, GA₃ delayed external color development by approximately four weeks. Susceptibility to rind disorder varied by cultivar, with Kishu being the most susceptible, followed by Satsuma Owari and Gold Nugget, while Page, Tango, and W. Murcott exhibited greater tolerance. We also investigated biochemical, hormonal, and molecular changes associated with the disorder. Damaged tissues showed reduced cellulose concentrations but similar levels of pectin and hemicellulose compared to healthy tissue. Additionally, damaged rinds had higher hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content and increased peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities. Metabolomic and hormonal profiling identified 76 metabolites, with 43 differing significantly between healthy and damaged tissues, highlighting the involvement of jasmonic acid and related compounds in the disorder’s development. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed differential expression of genes involved in stress responses, cell wall degradation, and hormone signaling between healthy and affected tissues. These findings suggest that delaying rind senescence using targeted treatments may reduce the incidence of this disorder. This research provides new insights into the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of mandarin rind disorder and offers practical management strategies to mitigate fruit losses across different varieties.
Speakers
AE

Ashraf El-kereamy

University of California Riverside
Co-authors
AI

Ahmed Ismail

University of California Riverside
NA
AR

Alaaeldin Rezk

University of California Riverside, Riverside
NA
GD

Greg Douhan

University of California Riverside
NA
MH

Manhoi Hur

University of California, Riverside
NA
ML

Mary Lu Arpaia

University of California Riverside
NA
SP

Suejin Park

Jeonbuk National University
NA
TP

Tariq Pervaiz

University of California Riverside, Riverside
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Citrus Crops 4
  • Subject Citrus Crops
  • Funding Source California Citrus Research Board

3:15pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Impact of seasonal variability and soil types on Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Lettuce.
Friday August 1, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
In Florida, lettuce is cultivated in the southern region in wintertime, a period marked by environmental fluctuations. The dominant Histosols in this area are prone to subsidence and exhibit an increased pH due to the incorporation of calcium carbonate, leading to a reduction in phosphorus (P) availability. In the northern part of Florida, lettuce has the potential to be cultivated in sandy soil to supply the high demand of lettuce, however this type of soils naturally exhibits low P availability. To sustainably produce lettuce in these soils, P efficient cultivars should be bred. Prior, lettuce genotypes were identified as P-efficient and P-inefficient across types. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Genotype × Environment (G×E) interaction on lettuce cultivated under low P inputs. A multi-environment trial was conducted using 22 P-efficient or P-inefficient genotypes in eight experiments distributed across the lettuce season (Fall, Winter, and Spring) at two locations and distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Five experiments were conducted in histosol soils, and three in sandy soils. Each experiment was cultivated under a standard and a reduced P fertilizer rate . Data collected included head weight, and marketability. The analysis of the G×E for these traits under low P conditions utilized three methodologies: the Finlay-Wilkinson approach, that determines the stability of each genotype across environments independently; the Genotype Genotype × Environment biplots, that discerns the 'which-won-where' patterns for mega-environments and identifies the most stable genotype(s) across environments; and the Bayesian AMMI, that aims to understand genotype stability across environmental factors. The results demonstrated that both crossover and non-crossover G×E interactions are statistically significant, accounting for 16% of the variance for season and for soil types in head weight. These interactions explained 27% of the variance for marketability for P fertilizer treatments, accounting 15% and 9% for season and soil types, respectively. The romaine breeding line 60183 and cultivar Tall Guzmaine were identified as P-efficient, exhibiting non-crossover interaction and stability across P rates, seasons, and soil types. Iceberg cultivars Honcho II, and Cibola, and the loose-leaf RSX743 were P-efficient and exhibited crossover interactions. The analysis revealed that winter planting in both soil types is the most stable and productive environment, with histosol soils achieving higher yields under low P input. Results of this study highlight the importance of G×E interactions to be considered when breeding lettuce cultivars for low P inputs.
Speakers
JA

Jairo Antonio Arcos Jaramillo

University of Florida
Co-authors
BM

Byron Manzanero

Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida
My name is Byron Manzanero a Ph.D. Candidate in plant breeding.
DJ

Diego Jarquin

University of Florida
GS

German Sandoya Miranda

University of Florida EREC
JM

Jesse Murray

University of Florida
NA
JG

Julian Garcia Abadillo

University of Florida
NA
Friday August 1, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 3
  • Subject vegetable Breeding
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Specialty Crop Research Initiative Project “Enhancing Resource Utilization for Sustainable Lettuce Production in Changing Climates”

3:30pm CDT

VGBR 3 - Host Range and Epiphytic Potential of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians in Lettuce-Associated Plant Species
Friday August 1, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of lettuce, caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians (Xhv), is a major disease limiting lettuce production worldwide, particularly in tropical environments such as the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in Florida. The pathogen is highly aggressive, rapidly dispersing under favorable conditions, and its sporadic outbreaks make disease prediction and management challenging. While Xhv is primarily known to infect lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), its potential to colonize alternative hosts, including crops and weeds in lettuce-growing regions, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the host range and epiphytic capabilities of Xhv by inoculating two isolates (‘L7’ and ‘SC8B’) onto common leafy vegetable crops and weeds frequently found in or around lettuce fields. A total of 26 plant species were tested, including weeds from Malvaceae (n=1), Portulacaceae (n=1), Amaranthaceae (n=2), Asteraceae (n=3), Brassicaceae (n=1), and Poaceae (n=1), along with vegetable crops from Asteraceae (n=6), Brassicaceae (n=7), and Apiaceae (n=5). Disease severity was assessed 12 days post-inoculation (DPI) using a 0–5 rating scale based on symptomatic foliage area. Initial water-soaked lesions were observed on susceptible lettuce (‘Okeechobee’) at 2 DPI, progressing to necrotic lesions and severe infection with an average disease severity score of 4 at 12 DPI. Notably, symptomatic responses were also observed in endive (Cichorium endivia L.), escarole (C. endivia var. latifolium), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), with median disease severity scores of 3, 3, and 2, respectively. Symptoms in these crops were consistent with BLS in lettuce, including water soaking, chlorosis, and necrosis. In contrast, Brassicaceae species and all tested weeds remained asymptomatic. Bacterial isolations from symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves revealed colonies morphologically consistent with Xhv, displaying yellow pigmentation on nutrient agar. To confirm pathogenicity, hypersensitivity and compatibility response assays were conducted by infiltrating recovered bacterial isolates into resistant (‘PI 358001-1') and susceptible (‘Okeechobee’) lettuce cultivars. Typical disease symptoms developed on susceptible lettuce, confirming Koch’s postulates. The asymptomatic nature of weed species suggests they may serve as reservoirs, potentially contributing to pathogen persistence and dissemination in lettuce fields. These findings provide new insights into Xhv epidemiology and highlight alternative host species that may play a role in disease outbreaks. Understanding the pathogen’s ecological interactions is critical for developing effective disease management strategies and mitigating economic losses in lettuce production systems.
Speakers
BM

Byron Manzanero

Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida
My name is Byron Manzanero a Ph.D. Candidate in plant breeding.
Co-authors
CO

Calvin Odero

University of Florida
NA
GS

German Sandoya Miranda

University of Florida EREC
Friday August 1, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Strand 12B
 


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