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Thursday, July 31
 

7:00am CDT

Speaker Ready Room
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 1

7:30am CDT

Registration Open
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:30am - 5:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:30am - 5:00pm CDT
Empire Ballroom Foyer

7:59am CDT

FLOR 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 11B

7:59am CDT

PNM 3 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
EM

Elena Maximo

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Foster 2

7:59am CDT

TCHG 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
CD

Cynthia Domenghini

Kansas State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 11A

7:59am CDT

VGBR 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AN

Amol Nankar

University of Georgia (UGA)
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 12B

7:59am CDT

VSF 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
PR

Pedro Rojas-Barros

Washington State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Foster 1

8:00am CDT

FLOR 2 - Municipal Reclaimed Water to Irrigate Field-grown Ranunculus in Southern California
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Ranunculus are sensitive to high soil salinity and to high chloride concentrations. A trial was set up in fall 2024 at the Flower Fields in Carlsbad, CA to evaluate the yield and quality parameters of field-grown ranunculus under three irrigation water treatments and corresponding increasing levels of water salinity. The treatments were 1) Municipal water, currently used at the Flower Fields to grow ranunculus and other crops; 2) a 50:50 blend of municipal water and reclaimed municipal water; 3) 100% reclaimed water (called hereafter “recycled”). The objective of the study was to investigate if a blend of municipal and reclaimed water or 100% reclaimed water can be used in the future to grow ranunculus at the flower fields. The expected salinity levels in the water, measured as electrical conductivity before fertilizer injection were
Speakers
avatar for Gerry Spinelli

Gerry Spinelli

University of California Cooperative Extension
Irrigation management in nurseries and greenhouses
Co-authors
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 2
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source Kee Kitayama Foundation

8:00am CDT

PNM 3 - Evaluating impact of organic amendments on broccoli transplant production
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Transplants provide an early start and help with better establishment and enhanced yield and quality in vegetable crops. For production of healthy and high-quality transplants, nutrient management is critical. There are several organic amendments available that can be directly added to the transplant growing media to provide essential nutrients for transplant growth and development. Some of the commonly used amendments include blood meal, bone meal, feather meal, fish emulsion, alfalfa meal, crab meal, shrimp meal, bat guano, etc., These organic amendments are obtained from dried animal blood or bone products which are rich in nutrients like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. Even though these amendments are available, there is lack of information on their efficacy and impact in organic transplant production. This greenhouse study conducted at Iowa State University, investigated the use of several amendments in broccoli transplant production. Treatments included: blood meal, bone meal, feather meal, fish emulsion, compost, conventional fertilizer, compost, and a no-fertilizer control. Plant height, stem diameter, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), dry biomass, and root length are the parameters we analyzed to determine the transplant growth. The findings show that the conventional fertilizer treatment had the tallest plant, with a mean height of 8.54 cm, followed by the blood meal with a height of 8.15 cm. No significant difference was observed between the conventional fertilizer and blood meal treatment. The highest mean stem diameter was found in the blood meal treatment, measuring 4.2 mm, followed by the feather meal treatment, which had a mean stem diameter of 3.65 mm. Blood meal and feather meal treatments were significantly different from each other. The plant biomass was high in the blood meal treatment at 3.36g. The blood and feather meal treatments differed significantly from the bone meal, compost, fish emulsion, and control treatments. Results from this study show that organic amendments can be successfully used to improve the transplant growth with a single application, potentially saving labor and cost. Keywords: transplants, organic amendments, SPAD, nutrients, blood meal, bone meal, feather meal.
Speakers
AT

Akshaya Thinakaran

Iowa State University
Co-authors
AN

Ajay Nair

Iowa State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Foster 2

8:00am CDT

TCHG 2 - Creating a Course to Target Self-Efficacy and Interest in Horticulture among Non-Horticulture Majors
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
The Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources at Kansas State University offers a horticulture course for non-horticulture majors introducing students to an overview of the subject matter. This in-person, 16-week course provides hands-on learning and may be a tool to increase awareness of the horticulture industry while recruiting students to enroll in additional horticulture courses. Enrolled students were surveyed at the beginning of the semester and again at the end to evaluate changes in their self-efficacy and interest in horticulture as a future career and/or hobby after participation in the course. Twenty-nine students participated in both surveys over the two semesters data was collected. Survey responses required participants to indicate on a scale of one through five how strongly they agreed (5) to disagreed (1) with each statement in relation to the course. The data from the two semesters was compiled to create one dataset. Responses for each question were averaged and the differences between pre and post surveys were calculated to evaluate change. Results indicate positive change from pre- to post-survey in each area, though the differences were most notable in three categories. Student interest in pursuing horticulture as a hobby and as a career increased by one and two scale values respectively shifting from neutral or disagree to agree in both areas. Another area that showed this level of change was the prompt “I plan to recommend this course to others”. The difference from pre to post was one scale value shifting from neutral to agree. These results, along with the other positive results suggest the course may provide opportunities to increase student interest in horticulture and recruitment of new students to the program. Future students will be surveyed as the course is offered to add to the dataset informing the efficacy of this course as a recruitment tool.
Speakers
CD

Cynthia Domenghini

Kansas State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 11A

8:00am CDT

VGBR 2 - Genome Wide Association Analysis of Free Sugars in the Storage Roots of a Diverse Collection of Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Carrots are one of the most popular vegetables, valued for both their culinary uses and health benefits. While carrot breeders have primarily focused on enhancing appearance to meet consumer expectations, flavor is also an important factor. Sugars, which are key to carrot flavor, are the focus of this project. Carrots accumulate two main types of free sugar-reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) and non-reducing sugars (sucrose). Carrots with high percentage of reducing sugar tend to have sweeter, less harsh and more preferred flavor. The balance between sucrose and reducing sugars is controlled by a dominant gene called Rs, where heterozygous plants have a higher proportion of reducing sugars. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse set of carrot accessions grown over five years to identify SNP markers linked to sugar composition in carrots. The enzyme acid-soluble invertase isozyme II, which breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose, was identified as the most significant candidate gene. To further validate this gene’s involvement in the Rs locus, we are using genome editing techniques. Details of this genome editing work will be presented.
Speakers
GY

Gunay Yildiz

University of Wisconsin-Madison
Co-authors
EL

Erin Lalor-King

US Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
NA
JD

Julie Dawson

Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin, USA
NA
MP

Michael Paulsmeyer

Agricultural Research Service, Midwest Area
NA
PK

Patrick Krysan

Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin, USA
NA
PS

Philipp Simon

US Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
NA
RY

Rajesh Yarra

Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin, USA
NA
SE

Shelby Ellison

Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin, USA
NA
WR

William Rolling

Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin, USA
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 12B

8:00am CDT

VSF 2 - Protecting Raspberries from Extreme Heat: Evaluating Physiological and Yield Responses to Cooling Strategies
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Extreme heat events threaten raspberry (Rubus ideaus) production in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The aim of this study was to evaluate strategies for reducing heat stress at a field site located in Prosser, Washington. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replicates and included three heat mitigation treatments (evaporative cooling with micro-sprinklers, shade cloth, and an untreated control) as main plots and four genotypes (‘Meeker’, ‘WakeField’, WSU 2188, and ORUS 4715-2) as subplots. Across the genotypes, evaporative cooling and shade cloth enhanced photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and increased yield compared to untreated controls. Shade cloth also resulted in higher stem water potentials than the other mitigation treatments, indicating improved hydration in each genotype. Preliminary economic analyses indicate that shade cloth is more expensive to install than micro-sprinklers for cooling and may interfere with mechanical operations. Evaporative cooling, on the other hand, increases weed pressure, which requires additional management. It also increased postharvest pathogens on the fruit after two weeks of cold storage in ORUS 4715-2. In each case, cooling was run continuously whenever ambient air temperature was > 30°C. Next, we will evaluate whether cooling for 15 minutes every hour is effective and results in fewer weeds and pathogens than continuous cooling.
Speakers
MG

Makonya Givemore Munashe

Washington State University
Co-authors
KG

Karina Gallardo

Washington State University
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
SG

Suzette Galinato

Washington State University
NA
TP

Troy Peters

Washington State University
NA
WH

Wendy Hoashi-Erhardt

Washington State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Foster 1

8:00am CDT

Technical Committee Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 9:00am CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 14

8:00am CDT

Workshop: Where are we today? State of Organic Education and Technical Programs
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 10:00am CDT
This workshop will focus on the educational (University) and Technical Programs geared towards Organic Horticulture. Universities vary greatly in their organic programs, student interest in organic programs, and facilities. Similarly, the technical assistance provided from growers varies from state to state. Recent Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) programming, has created more interest in providing this assistance. This workshop will focus on discussing the challenges to organic education both at the undergraduate and farmer level.

Speakers:
  • Kate Cassity-Duffey, University of Georgia
  • Mary Rogers, University of Georgia
  • Christian Stephenson University of Nebraska-Lincoln
  • Christine Coker University of Mississippi
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 10

8:00am CDT

Plant Biotechnology of Horticultural Plants (Interest Group Session)
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 10:00am CDT
The session will feature presentations focused on the development and application of biotechnology in horticultural plants, followed by an open discussion on the topic and Plant Biotechnology Interest Group's business meeting.

Welcome and Opening (5 minutes)
Invited Oral Presentation (30-45 minutes)
  • Speaker: Dr. Yosvanis Acanda, Simplot Company
Open Discussion (30 minutes)
Award Session (10 minutes)
Interest Group Business Meeting (30 minutes)
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 12A

8:00am CDT

Exhibit Hall Hours - Thursday
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Exhibit Hall Empire AB

8:00am CDT

A/V Room
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
6' tables on the perimeter; 2 chair (total placed in the room)
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 2

8:00am CDT

Committee Meetings
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 7

8:00am CDT

HortLegends Interviews
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 6

8:00am CDT

ASHS Office
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Bolden 1

8:15am CDT

FLOR 2 - From Farm to Florist: Carbon Footprints in Local Cut Flower Supply Chains in the United States
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Floriculture supply chains are undergoing a shift toward sustainability, driven by consumer demand and industry initiatives to reduce environmental impacts. While previous research has explored the carbon footprint of some ornamental horticultural products, domestic U.S. cut flower production and distribution remains largely understudied. Understanding the emissions associated with different supply chain models can guide sustainable practices in the domestic floriculture industry. This study examines the carbon emissions from the production and transportation of one representative cut flower species – snapdragon. Two primary distribution models were compared: point-to-point delivery where individual growers supply retailers directly and the hub-and-spoke system where wholesale hubs consolidate and distribute flowers. By evaluating data collected from 188 growers, 330 retailers, and six regional wholesale hubs, the research quantifies carbon emissions at each stage of the supply chain. The life cycle analysis uses openLCA software to standardize emissions data to an "emissions per stem" metric, aligning with horticulture footprinting standards. The results highlight the importance of optimizing supply chain logistics to reduce emissions. Furthermore, applying the social cost of carbon ($185 per metric ton of CO2) provides an economic perspective on the environmental impact of floral supply chains. As businesses move toward more climate-conscious operations, these insights can guide decisions that align with both financial and sustainability business goals.
Speakers
avatar for Amanda Solliday

Amanda Solliday

PhD student, North Carolina State University
Hi, I'm a PhD student at NC State University conducting climate and sustainability research in cut flowers.
Co-authors
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 2
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers (ASCFG)

8:15am CDT

PNM 3 - Effect of Planting Dates and Nitrogen Rates on Broccoli in North Carolina
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Shifts in regional precipitation patterns and rising temperatures due to climate change have increased uncertainty surrounding optimal planting windows and nitrogen (N) management strategies for broccoli production in North Carolina (NC). In particular, growers face challenges in aligning planting schedules with ideal environmental conditions and adjusting N application rates to match crop demands under variable temperature regimes. Given that both air and soil temperatures directly influence crop nutrient uptake and development, this study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of planting date, nitrogen rate, and application timing on the growth and productivity of two commercially important broccoli cultivars: 'Eastern Crown' and 'Emerald Crown.' Field experiments were conducted at the Horticultural Crops Research Station of North Carolina State University in Clinton, NC. The first trial included four planting dates—early March, late March, early April, and late April—combined with three fertigation N rates of 120, 100, and 80 lb/acre. The second trial focused on two planting dates, late March and late April, combined with four pre-plant N application rates: 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of total recommended N. Across both trials, plant performance was assessed through measurements of canopy volume, aboveground biomass, leaf greenness via Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tissue nutrient content, and marketable yield. Results show that early planting dates were associated with lower accumulation of Growing Degree Days (GDD), which may have limited early crop development. In contrast, later planting dates generally experienced higher GDD accumulation, improving crop rate of growth. Higher N application rates were positively correlated with increased NDVI values, biomass, and yield. Reduced NDVI readings under lower N rates indicate a possible decline in plant vigor and photosynthetic activity. Additionally, strategic pre-plant N applications showed potential benefits in improving early plant establishment and nutrient status, particularly under later planting dates. Overall, our findings show the importance of optimizing both planting timing and N management strategies to improve broccoli productivity in NC. Tailoring N rates based on planting date and anticipated thermal conditions may contribute to more resilient production systems under changing climate conditions.
Speakers
TQ

Tomas Quezada Baez

North Carolina State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Foster 2

8:15am CDT

TCHG 2 - Developing a University Campus Tree Inventory as a Tool for Sustainability, Student and Community Education
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
University campus trees provide valuable ecosystem services to the surrounding community while directly and indirectly supporting numerous United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of this project was to develop a GIS-supported tree inventory, in conjunction with a service-learning course, to support Tree Campus USA initiatives and maintain a collection of woody plant materials on the Texas State University campus. Horticulture students in a Woody Plants course applied their expertise through use of the ArcGIS FieldMaps mobile app to record the tree inventory on campus. GPS functionality allowed students to digitally map tree location points that contained identification, size, health and maintenance recommendations for each tree. The data were made accessible for select specimen through mounted QR codes on the trees. While the benefits of urban vegetation have been widely studied, tree inventories can provide guidance to facility crews for appropriate planting and maintenance based on the needs of the local environment. Furthermore, the data obtained through a campus tree inventory provided a tool to support campus sustainability initiatives and information demonstrating the economic and environmental values campus trees provided.
Speakers
avatar for Tina Waliczek Cade

Tina Waliczek Cade

Texas State University
Co-authors
AG

Alberto Giordano

Texas State University
NA
JC

Jasmin Cruz

Texas State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 11A

8:15am CDT

VGBR 2 - Mapping anthocyanin content and pubescence in a unique F2 purple carrot population
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Purple carrots (Daucus carota L.) are becoming increasingly popular as a fresh market novelty food and as sources of natural pigments in foods and beverages. Anthocyanins are associated with many health benefits, such as reduced cardiovascular disease risk, fewer types of cancers, and reduced inflammation. Increasing anthocyanin content in purple carrots is therefore worthwhile for plant breeders and consumers. An interesting trait in carrots is heavy pubescence in the highest anthocyanin-producing breeding lines. Pubescence has been shown to be linked to anthocyanin content and abiotic stress resistance in other plant species. An F2 mapping population was created between two purple breeding lines developed from two separate Turkish accessions. The population contrasted in the level of pubescence and anthocyanin content in petioles and roots. Anthocyanin content was determined in the taproots and the level of pubescence was scored visually and through image analysis. Pubescence mapped to two loci that may be related with transcriptional regulation of trichome density and length. Anthocyanin content appears to be inhibited by a single locus that is unlinked with pubescence in this population. Epigenetic silencing was also observed in the purple carrot population and has implications on the development of high anthocyanin content varieties. Information from this study will provide genetic markers for increasing anthocyanin content in purple carrot breeding populations and developing pubescent varieties with abiotic stress resistances.
Speakers
avatar for Michael Paulsmeyer

Michael Paulsmeyer

Postdoc, USDA-ARS
Co-authors
PS

Philipp Simon

USDA-ARS
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 2

8:15am CDT

VSF 2 - Dormancy and Cold Hardiness of Two Blackberry Cultivars in the Pacific Northwest
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
The blackberry (Rubus spp.) industry in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) has rapidly expanded in recent years due to growers and major berry companies’ capacity to produce high-value fruit for fresh and processing markets. The expansion of the blackberry industry has been further supported by increases in fresh and frozen blackberry consumption. However, revenues and crop expansion in northwest Washington (WA) are limited by freeze events during the winter period that affect fruit production. Freezing temperatures below critical thresholds irreparably damage primary bud meristems. However, little is known about the conditions resulting in freeze damage, as well as the duration of dormancy and time to bud break among key blackberry cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate dormancy and cold hardiness of ‘Victoria’ and ‘Celestial’ blackberry floral buds in the PNW. Samples were collected weekly from 15 Oct 2024 to 7 March 2025 from two commercial farms in Skagit County, WA. Sampled laterals were cut into smaller cuttings, each containing one single floral bud, and subjected to either dormancy or cold hardiness evaluations. Samples for the dormancy evaluation were placed in suitable growing conditions (22 C°, 16 h light), and time to bud break was quantified. In parallel, samples for the cold hardiness evaluation were placed into a glycol-bath exposed to 10 freezing temperatures ranging from -4 C° to -20 C°, and a lethal temperature in which 50% of the floral buds were damaged (LT50) was determined through a visual evaluation of damage to the primary meristem. In ‘Victoria’, the maximum bud break rate was observed once canes accumulated over 900 chilling hours (threshold between 0 and 7.2 C°), while ‘Celestial’ required an additional 300 chill units to exhibit similar rates. Regarding cold hardiness, in ‘Victoria’, the LT50 was between -14 and -16 C° through most of the winter season, while the LT50 for ‘Celestial’ fluctuated between -14 and -16 C° during the fall, then between -18 C° and -20 C° during the winter. The higher cold hardiness observed in ‘Celestial’ is attributed to its genetic traits as a semi-erect cultivar rather than environmental factors. The information from this study will be used to develop a decision-support tool for blackberry growers to reduce loss associated with damage from freezing temperatures in the PNW.
Speakers
PR

Pedro Rojas-Barros

Washington State University
Co-authors
CK

Clark Kogan

Washington State University
NA
HP

Heather Pedroza

Washington State University
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 2

8:30am CDT

FLOR 2 - Assessing Caladium Plant Growth and Tuber Production after Kaolin Treatments
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Caladiums (Caladium x hortulanum) are popular ornamental plants prized for their vibrant foliage and unique patterns. The great majority of caladium tubers used by the U.S. and the world are produced in Florida. The tuber production process typically begins in March, with harvesting taking place between November and February. During this period, plants are exposed to high temperatures, high radiation, high relative humidity, heavy rainfall, and tropical storms, resulting in multiple stresses on the plants. Research in other crops has demonstrated the effectiveness of clay-based products in reducing leaf temperatures and protecting plants from environmental and/or biological stresses. This study aimed to assess the plant growth, quality, and tuber production of five caladium cultivars ('Tapestry', 'Lava Glow', 'Wonderland', 'Pink Panther', and 'Summer Pink') under different kaolin clay treatments. Field-grown plants were sprayed throughout the season with either kaolin, kaolin with red dye, or left untreated (control) to assess their response. An adjuvant was added to prevent excessive washout from rainfall. Data collected over two seasons included plant height, canopy coverage, and volume (per plot) extracted from multispectral images captured by a small uncrewed aerial system, leaf temperature using an infrared thermometer, chlorophyll content using a SPAD meter, and subjective ratings for plant color display, leaf health, and plant fullness using a scale from 1 to 5. At harvest, tuber production was evaluated through fresh weight, dry weight, and production index. Results showed that the growth curves for plant height, canopy coverage, and volume exhibited a bell-shaped curve, with an initial linear growth and a maximum peak in early to mid-September for most cultivars, except 'Summer Pink', which peaked later. Treatment differences were not statistically significant, with cultivar variations being the primary factor. However, kaolin and kaolin red treatments effectively reduced leaf temperatures during the 2023 production season, with kaolin red also receiving a higher rating for color display. Plants under kaolin treatments displayed lower chlorophyll content compared to untreated plants. Tuber production was unaffected by the treatments but showed differences among the cultivars, with 'Tapestry' producing the highest tuber dry weight. The production index, which accounts for tuber grading, number, and relative economic values, revealed that 'Summer Pink' had the highest value compared to 'Tapestry'. This study provides valuable insights into the growth behavior of caladium cultivars and the potential benefits of using kaolin treatments as a crop protection strategy.
Speakers
GC

Gasselle Cordova

University of Florida
Co-authors
ZD

Zhanao Deng

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 2
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source USDA Hatch Project FLA-GCC-006190

8:30am CDT

PNM 3 - Evaluating the effect of SAFEROCK micronized for nutrient use efficiency, growth, and yield in tomato and sweet corn
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
SafeRock micronized is a 100% natural mineral soil enhancer and fertilizer booster mined from unique sandstone deposits in United Kingdom and contains a balanced blend of over 70 nutrients and clay minerals. A field experiment was conducted at Blackville SC to evaluate the ability of SafeRock micronized to improve nutrient use efficiency, growth and yield of tomato and sweet corn. The experiment comprised of seven treatments [normal farming practices (NFP), NFP SafeRock soil mix (50 and 75 kg/ha.), NFP SafeRock fertigation (50 and 75 kg/ha.), 80% N
Speakers
BJ

Bhupinder Jatana

Assistant Professor -Horticulture, Clemson University
Co-authors
TS

Tom Sanders III

Clemson University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 3

8:30am CDT

TCHG 2 - Incorporating a “Food Waste as Fertilizer” Module into Instruction of Horticulture Courses
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Up to 40% of the food supply in the United States is wasted, but much of it could be repurposed as fertilizer. Learning modules were developed to introduce undergraduate students to the concepts surrounding food waste and extreme weather, the potential for a future circular bioeconomy that integrates the food-energy-water-waste-nutrient nexus, and the use of organic fertilizers in hydroponic systems that such processes will require. “Food Waste as Fertilizer” learning modules were integrated into the instruction of undergraduate coursework in horticulture at Kansas State University (KSU; HORT 705 Hydroponic Food Production) during Spring 2024 and Arizona State University (ASU; ABS 314 Applied Plant Physiology and ABS 464 Desert Horticulture) during Fall 2024. Impact of the modules on changing student perceptions and knowledge were evaluated with pre- and post-surveys administered just before and after the module intervention. Matched pairs were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for the ordinal data. At KSU (n=17), the learning module resulted in a positive shift in perception of students in response to 1) their interest in using organic fertilizer during hydroponic production, and 2) reporting that using organic fertilizers would be standard practice in the future. Other knowledge and perception survey items were not different between the pre- and post-tests. At ASU (n=15), students showed 1) a greater interest in applying organic fertilizers and 2) increased confidence in their ability to successfully grow hydroponic crops using organic fertilizers. Additionally, students recognized that optimizing processing methods and growing conditions could enhance the quality and performance of organic fertilizers. These findings suggest that "Food Waste as Fertilizer" learning modules successfully enhanced students’ understanding and confidence in using organic fertilizers in hydroponic systems. The positive shifts in perception at both KSU and ASU demonstrate the potential of such educational interventions to promote sustainable horticultural practices. Additionally, students recognized the importance of optimizing fertilizer processing and growing conditions, highlighting the role of innovation in improving fertilizer performance for future horticultural practices.
Speakers
avatar for Kimberly Williams

Kimberly Williams

Kansas State University
Co-authors
YP

Yujin Park

Arizona State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 11A

8:30am CDT

VGBR 2 - Carotenoid Diversity of New Mexican Chile Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.): Variability in Health-related Compounds and Implications for Molecular Breeding and Genetic Improvement
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Chile peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) hold a vital position in global agriculture and diets, valued for their unique flavor, diverse uses, and nutritional benefits. Among their bioactive compounds, carotenoids play a significant role, acting as antioxidants and precursors to vitamin A, with immense implications for human health. This study aims to identify carotenoid diversity and determine the genetic control of carotenoid production in a diverse population of 127 chile pepper genotypes. Fruits grown in Las Cruces, NM, were harvested in the 2024 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) will be employed to profile individual carotenoids such as β-carotene, lutein, capsanthin, capsorubin, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin. To optimize carotenoid extraction and minimize degradation, three different saponification methods were tested, varying in incubation time and temperature: 30 minutes at 50°C, 30 minutes at room temperature, and 60 minutes at room temperature. The best results were obtained with 30 minutes of incubation at room temperature. After getting HPLC results for the whole pannel this data will be integrated with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify key genetic loci and candidate genes associated with carotenoid content. The study aims to provide a foundation for marker-assisted selection to improve the nutritional quality of chile peppers. The findings have direct implications for breeding programs, enabling the development of biofortified chile pepper varieties.
Speakers
MI

Muhammad Ibrar Khan

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
DN

Dennis Nicuh Lozada

New Mexico State University
ES

Ehtisham S. Khokhar

New Mexico State University (NMSU)
IG

Ivette Guzman

New Mexico State University
JM

Jerlie Mhay Matres

New Mexico State University
SN

Shahab Nourbakhsh

New Mexico State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 2

8:30am CDT

VSF 2 - Effect of Freezing Temperatures on Re-growth and Photosynthetic Mechanisms in ‘Victoria’ Blackberry.
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Freezing temperatures limit blackberry (Rubus spp.) growers from meeting their full yield potential in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Damage from freezing winter temperatures spans a gradient and ranges from complete mortality to partial damage of floral buds and supporting vascular and structural tissues. Partial damage can permit resumption of plant growth but is poorly characterized. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms contributing to this gradient of damage could lead to novel practices focused on mitigation and recovery. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between freeze damage and floral bud re-growth. Once chill unit accumulation was sufficient, floricane samples of ‘Victoria’ blackberry were collected for five consecutive weeks during late winter from a commercial farm in Skagit County, Washington. Sampled canes were cut into smaller cuttings, each containing one single floral bud, and exposed to freezing temperatures (-4 C°, -6 C°, -8 C°, -10 C°, and -12 C°) in a glycol bath. The freezing temperature treatments were based on historical freezing temperatures in the area over the past decade during the sample collection period. Treated samples were then placed in suitable growing conditions (22 C°, 16 h light), and shoot growth, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and gas exchange were measured after three weeks. Shoot growth was delayed from buds exposed to -8 C°, -10 C°, and -12 C° compared to the untreated control. The delay in re-growth is likely explained by limitations in water transportation to the leaves rather than carbohydrate depletion, considering leaf transpiration and stomatal conductance were significantly lower in treated canes compared to the untreated control, while Fv/Fm and carbon assimilation remained unaffected. Findings from this study demonstrate partial re-growth from freeze-damaged blackberry canes and floral buds, and damage to the xylem is likely responsible for reductions in re-growth.
Speakers
PR

Pedro Rojas-Barros

Washington State University
Co-authors
AF

Ashley Fincham

Washington State University
NA
CK

Clark Kogan

Washington State University
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 2

8:45am CDT

FLOR 2 - Strategic Stratification of Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar Improves Nutrient Retention in Peat-based Greenhouse Substrates
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Peatmoss, a commonly used substrate component, is facing numerous challenges to remain a sustainable option for horticultural production. Due to mounting factors such as weather-limited harvesting, increasing transport costs, waning public acceptance, and now potential international tariffs, many are searching for alternative materials to replace some of the peatmoss in their operations. Biochar is one such alternative that may present numerous benefits as a peat alternative in container production. Biochar is the product of the pyrolysis of biomass (commonly agricultural residues) in an oxygen limited environment, resulting in a product that has increased porosity, increased water and nutrient retention, and can be produced regionally from a number of sources. Incorporating biochar into container production can reduce peat use and improve nutrient retention. However holistically blending can prove costly and alter the substrate physical properties, requiring major changes to production practices, an obstacle that can be considered a barrier. The use of stratification has been shown to successfully reduce peat use while maintaining highly productive growing conditions. With stratification, growers can incorporate alternative materials strategically in the container while limiting the associated costs. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of sugarcane bagasse biochar on nutrient retention in both stratified and non-stratified peat-based container systems. Nine peat-based substrate treatments were utilized in this study, with either the entire container filled with peat-based substrate or stratified above a pine bark or hammermilled wood fiber. Within each substrate, sugarcane bagasse biochar was amended at 0 (control) or 10% of the container volume, by either blending throughout the container or blending at 20% upper strata only (equivalent to 10% by vol. overall). Petunia plugs were planted into 3.8 L containers filled with each of these different substrate treatments. The plants were placed on two different fertilizer regimes, with plants receiving either 100 ppm or 300 ppm fertilizer once a week. Leachate was collected biweekly to assess the impact on nutrient retention. Plant growth and nutrition were assessed. The incorporation of biochar has not significantly impacted plant growth; however, it has improved nutrient retention. Biochar improved nutrient retention in the plants stratified with wood fiber in both the high and low fertilizer regimes, while improving nutrient retention in stratified bark in the high fertilizer regime. The results indicate that strategic inclusion of biochar may reduce fertilizer application frequency.
Speakers
MG

Megan Gibb

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
DA

Damon Abdi

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
JF

Jeb Fields

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 11B

8:45am CDT

PNM 3 - Evaluation of Critical Nitrogen Requirements for Commercial Tomato Production in MS
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Ensuring nitrogen applications targeting the optimum rate is critical in tomato production. This is because nitrogen (N) requirements in tomato production may vary depending on the soil type, location, climate, and cultivation practices. Despite tomato being a major vegetable crop in MS, information on the N requirements for commercial production in the state is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted in an open field to determine the critical nitrogen rate for commercial tomato production under the northeast growing conditions of MS. The study evaluated six N application rates (0, 67, 101, 135, 202, and 269 kg ha-1) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates per treatment. Red Duce variety of tomato was planted, and nitrogen was applied at 50% pre-plant (33-0-0) and 50% fertigation (15.5-0-0). Both potassium and phosphorus were the same for all treatments and applied at 100% pre-plant using 0-0-60 and 0-46-0 respectively. Preliminary results indicate that higher N application rates significantly increased total fruit yield, total marketable yield, fruit sizes, and total biomass. The highest total fruit yield (93.79 t ha-1), total marketable yield (71.58 t ha-1), large fruit yield (10.40 t ha-1), and total biomass (6.96 t ha-1) were observed at 269 kg N ha-1. Increasing N application rates significantly increased tissue N concentration. Therefore, the greater yield observed at higher N application rates was attributed to the consistently higher tissue N concentration from leaf samples collected at different weeks during the growing season. Based on the results obtained, the critical N application rate for open-field fresh-market tomato production in northeast MS could be up to 269 kg ha-1. However, follow-up studies are currently being conducted to validate these preliminary results.
Speakers
PK

Prakash Khanal

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
IA

Ibukun Ayankojo

Mississippi State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Foster 2

8:45am CDT

TCHG 2 - Keep It Simple: Bilingual Booklet Boosts Landscape Best Practices
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Florida’s massive environmental horticulture industry generates over $10 billion annually and employs over 100,000 individuals, with 33% identifying as Hispanic/Latino. The landscaping sector plays a crucial role in this industry, yet many positions lack formal certification, leaving training dependent on in-house instruction that varies in quality. Teaching Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices to landscape professionals often involves navigating language barriers, varying levels of formal education, and limited training time. To address these challenges, a team of UF/IFAS Extension agents secured a USDA-NIFA IPM Extension grant in 2021 and developed a bilingual (English/Spanish) landscape reference booklet rooted in the principles of cognitive load theory and adult learning. Grounded in the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) model, the booklet emphasizes clarity, brevity, and relevance—hallmarks of effective educational design for working adults. The tool features simple language, annotated photographs, and minimal text to reduce extraneous cognitive load and enhance information retention. Visual cues and side-by-side translations support dual coding and help bridge comprehension gaps. Finally, the booklet is pocket-sized and waterproof allowing for in-field deployment. Since its April 2024 publication, the booklet has reached a wide audience, with 366 copies distributed through Extension outreach of which 216 were distributed after a 1 – 2-hour class in English or Spanish on the topic. Its impact became evident as 164 individuals completed Qualtrics post-class surveys, with 99% (162) planning to use the information in their home landscapes and 63% (103) intending to apply practices on the job—44% (72) of whom believed the booklet would directly support BMP adoption among multilingual teams. Post-class surveys reported 80% (131) increased BMP knowledge. A 3–6-month follow-up survey confirmed sustained impact, as 85% of respondents (41 of 48) reported applying the information, and at least 83% (40) implemented one or more BMPs. Beyond its educational success, the booklet has gained traction within the industry. The UF/IFAS Bookstore sold 100 copies, generating $1,600 in revenue, while Extension Agents and industry trainers have formally adopted it as a standardized training tool. By starting with the basics and addressing language barriers, this initiative is empowering Florida’s landscaping workforce, fostering sustainability, and synergizing resilience. This project demonstrates how applying the science of simplicity can increase the effectiveness of Extension materials, particularly for linguistically diverse audiences. The format is easily replicable, adaptable to other horticulture topics, and well-suited for Extension’s fast-paced, field-based educational environments.
Speakers Co-authors
MP

Morgan Pinkerton

UF/IFAS Extension Seminole County
TM

Tina McIntyre

UF/IFAS Extension
Tina McIntyre is the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Agent at the UF/IFAS Extension in Seminole County. She specializes in surface water quality and quantity, best management practices related to landscape management, and restoration of urban green spaces. Tina came to Extension after... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Teaching Methods 2

8:45am CDT

VGBR 2 - Association Mapping Integrated with High-throughput Phenotyping Identifies Candidate Genes Regulating Fruit Development in New Mexican Chile Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Fruit morphology has a significant impact on the agronomic performance of chile peppers, influencing both yield potential and mechanical harvest efficiency. Through the integration of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with Tomato Analyzer, an image-based phenomics tool, we aim to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with fruit architecture and morphology. A Capsicum association mapping panel (CAMP) consisting of 128 genotypes with three checks evaluated in Las Cruces, NM under an augmented design for the 2024 growing season. The design consisted of ten blocks, each with a different number of test genotypes whereas checks were replicated in each block. Ten green and ten red fruits (N=20) for each genotype were scanned using a flatbed scanner and images were processed using Tomato Analyzer software to record fruit architecture. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) were calculated for maximum fruit height (MAXH; cm), maximum fruit width (MAXW; cm), curved fruit height (CURH; cm), width mid-height (WMH; cm), area (ARA; cm2), and perimeter (PER; cm). High narrow sense heritability (h2) ranging between 0.80 and 0.98 was observed. A medium to high Pearson correlation (r=0.56–1.00) was observed for all traits except WHM. After filtration and imputation, 40,709 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) SNP markers were used to perform multi-locus GWAS. A total of 129 SNP markers associated with seven basic fruit measurements across 10 chromosomes were identified. The SNP marker SCM002812.1_10016804 on chromosome 1 at 10.02 Mb was found to be associated with the potential candidate gene YABBY4, which can regulate fruit developmental processes. Other candidate genes identified included Gibberellin receptor GID1B, Cyclin-L1-1, and U6 small nuclear RNA (adenine-(43)-N(6))-methyltransferase), regulating plant growth hormones, cell division, and methylation, respectively. The findings of this study will be relevant for the development of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection and studying expression levels of genes regulating fruit development in a comparative analysis using chile pepper genotypes with contrasting fruit morphology.
Speakers
ES

Ehtisham S. Khokhar

Graduate Teaching Assistant, New Mexico State University
I am a Ph.D. candidate specializing in Plant Breeding and Genetics with a background in genomics analyses, phenomics applications, statistical proficiency, and seed systems. My expertise lies in translating complex genomics and phenomics data into meaningful insights that drive evidence-based... Read More →
Co-authors
DN

Dennis Nicuh Lozada

New Mexico State University
MI

Muhammad Ibrar Khan

New Mexico State University
SN

Shahab Nourbakhsh

New Mexico State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 12B

8:45am CDT

VSF 2 - Evaluation of Calcium Fertilization on Yield and Fruit Quality in Three Raspberry Cultivars in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Calcium (Ca) is an important macronutrient for plant health and fruit quality. Insufficient Ca in fruit tissues can lead to physiological disorders that reduce crop quality. To prevent this, Ca fertilizers are frequently applied to soil or plant canopies to increase Ca concentrations in fruits. However, the role of Ca fertilizers in promoting fruit quality and overall yields is poorly understood in raspberry (Rubus idaeus). The objective of this study was to evaluate methods to increase Ca concentrations in raspberry fruits and leaves and assess impacts on yield and fruit quality. Replicated field trials were conducted in 2023 and 2024 using floricane-fruiting raspberry ‘WakeHaven’ ‘Meeker’, and ‘Kulshan’ in Whatcom County, Washington. Treatments included: 1) soil application of Ca fertilizer (gypsum) applied before budbreak, 2) foliar application of Ca fertilizer (calcium hydroxide) applied weekly during immature green to white fruit stage, and 3) an untreated control with no calcium fertilizer. Neither method of Ca application affected yield, fruit quality, soil Ca levels, or Ca concentrations within primocane leaves and raspberry fruits across cultivars. However, in ripe fruit, the concentration of Ca in the receptacles was more than ten times higher than in the drupelets of each cultivar. Cultivars with higher fruit Ca concentration also had higher Ca concentrations in the receptacle (Adjusted R2 = 0.58). These findings demonstrate the important role of cultivar genetics when it comes to explaining variations in fruit Ca concentrations. Moreover, results from this study show that standard fertilizer practices have no impact on fruit Ca concentrations or other important yield and fruit quality variables. A physiological barrier limiting Ca movement from receptacles to fruits was identified, and future studies should further explore what these barriers are, when they develop, and whether they can be adjusted to increase Ca transport to raspberry fruits.
Speakers
PR

Pedro Rojas-Barros

Washington State University
Co-authors
BM

Brian Maupin

Washington State University - NWREC
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
SO

Scott Orr

REE - ARS
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 2

9:00am CDT

FLOR 2 - Regulating Growth and Promoting Branching in ‘Dragon Wing® Red’ Begonia with Benzyladenine and Ethephon Foliar Sprays
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of benzyladenine or ethephon foliar spray applications to control growth and improve branching of ‘Dragon Wing® Red’ begonia (Begonia interspecific). On 10 Sep 2024, a 288-cell plug tray of ‘Dragon Wing® Red’ begonia was received from a commercial propagator. Plugs were transplanted into 15.2-cm-diameter containers filled with a commercially available soilless peat-based substrate. Plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse under supplemental and day-extension lighting provided by 780-W light-emitting diode lamps from 0600 to 2200 HR (16-h photoperiod) with an air temperature set point of 20 °C. At 7 d after transplant, 10 single-plant replicates were treated with a solution containing benzyladenine or ethephon and a surfactant. Plants received a foliar spray (vol. 0.2 L·m–2) containing deionized water (0 mg·L–1; untreated) or 10, 30, 50, 70, or 90 mg·L–1 benzyladenine or 125, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 2,000 mg·L–1 ethephon. Benzyladenine and ethephon foliar spray applications influenced begonia growth and development differently. Benzyladenine concentrations increasing from 10 to 90 mg·L–1 suppressed growth index, an integrated measurement of height and diameter, by 1% to 3%, respectively, compared to untreated plants. Branch number increased by 32% to 64% (3 to 5 branches) as concentrations increased from 30 to 90 mg·L–1 benzyladenine compared to untreated plants. Shoot dry weight (SDW) decreased as benzyladenine concentrations increased, but time to flower (TTF) was unaffected. Ethephon concentrations increasing from 125 to 2,000 mg·L–1 influenced plant height, plant diameter, growth index, branch number, SDW, and TTF. Growth index was suppressed as ethephon concentrations increased from 125 to 2,000 mg·L–1, resulting in plants that were 11% to 30% smaller than untreated plants. Compared to untreated plants, ethephon concentrations increasing from 125 to 1,000 mg·L–1 improve branching with 1 to 2 more branches developed per plant. Ethephon concentrations of 125 to 2,000 mg·L–1 limited SDW by 23% to 49% compared to untreated plants. Time to flower was delayed by 3 to 10 d as concentrations increased from 125 to 2,000 mg·L–1 ethephon. Begonia plants sprayed with ≥750 mg·L–1 ethephon developed phytotoxicity and had reduced ornamental quality. Our results indicate that growers can attain growth control and enhance branching with foliar spray applications of 30 to 90 mg·L–1 benzyladenine or 125 to 500 mg·L–1 ethephon, but these should be used as an initial range for trials during greenhouse production.
Speakers
avatar for Garrett Owen

Garrett Owen

Extension Specialist and Assistant Professor of Sustainable Greenhouse & Nursery Systems, The Ohio State University
Dr. W. Garrett Owen is Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist of Sustainable Greenhouse and Nursery Production Systems with primary responsibilities in teaching (20%), research (30%), and Extension (50%) in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science at The Ohio State University... Read More →
Co-authors
LS

Layne Speckert

The Ohio State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 2
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source We thank Fine Americas, Inc. for the plant growth regulator and financial support; Sun Gro Horticulture for soilless substrate; and J.R. Peters, Inc. for fertilizer.

9:00am CDT

PNM 3 - Determining the Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Threshold for Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Based on Nutritional Requirement in Subtropical Spodosol of Northeast Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient essential for plant growth and yield; however, its availability in spodosols is often limited due to high acidity, low organic matter, and strong adsorption to soil minerals, particularly iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) in tropic Spodosol in Northeast Florida. Efficient P management is essential for optimizing crop productivity while minimizing environmental risks. This study investigated the effects of different P fertilizer rates on Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) growth, yield, and nutrient dynamics at the UF/IFAS Hastings Agricultural Extension Center, Northeast Florida over two consecutive growing seasons (Spring 2022 and Sprin 2023). A randomized complete block design was employed, with five P rates of 0, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha-1 of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) as triple superphosphate (TSP). The changes in plant growth, nutrient uptake, yield, as well as soil properties were determined to evaluate the effectiveness of P fertilization as plant growth performance and tuber yield. The results showed that P application significantly increased potato tuber yield compared to the control, with the highest yield observed at 225 kg ha-1 P2O5. Pearson correlation analysis indicated strong associations between plant growth, tuber yield, and nutrient accumulation. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted notable seasonal differences in tuber yield and soil characteristics. The study highlights the importance of site-specific P recommendation to synchronize nutrient availability with crop demand, particularly in nutrient-poor spodosols in Northeast Florida. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing P fertilizer thresholds that balance crop productivity with environmental sustainability in agricultural systems.
Speakers
avatar for Md Jahidul Islam Shohag

Md Jahidul Islam Shohag

University of Florida
Co-authors
GL

Guodong Liu

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 3
  • Subject Plant Nutrient Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

9:00am CDT

TCHG 2 - Efficacy of podcasting as an extension format
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Podcasting is an underutilized extension format, and little information exists as to its efficacy as a teaching tool. One extension podcast is Growing the Valley (GtV), which focuses on tree fruit and nut production in California’s Central Valley. Topics cover research updates, best management practices, and discussions of current events. Irrigation and nitrogen management episodes were made available for an online, on-demand continuing education credits for a certification program in California focused on reducing nitrogen losses from agricultural fields. A optional short survey was embedded in the credit program to gauge user’s knowledge of topics discussed in the episodes before and after listening. Results indicate that GtV listeners showed significant gains in knowledge, suggesting that this format is an effective educational tool for extension personnel.
Speakers
PG

Phoebe Gordon

University of California
Co-authors
LM

Luke Milliron

University of California Agriculture Natural Resources
RS

Rachel Shellabarger

University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 11A

9:00am CDT

VGBR 2 - Implementation of PlexSeq SNP markers for molecular breeding of agronomic traits in chile peppers
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Marker-assisted selection is important to facilitate the process of genetic improvement in vegetable breeding programs. A set of 192 trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified from previous genome-wide mapping studies has been developed at the New Mexico State University (NMSU) Chile Pepper Breeding and Genetics Program (NMSU-192) through the PlexSeq Genotyping Technology of AgriPlex Genomics (https://www.agriplexgenomics.com/plexseq-technology). The NMSU-192 SNP array consists of SNPs associated with easy destemming (14 SNPs), plant architecture and morphology (76), yield and yield components (78), and Phytophthora capsici resistance (24). Genetic diversity analysis using the NMSU-192 demonstrated the feasibility of the SNP array to characterize 188 Capsicum spp. genotypes based on fruit architecture and morphology. Together with parental and reference genotypes, F2:3, F3:4, and F4:5 segregating families of chile pepper breeding lines will be genotyped using the NMSU-192 for marker-assisted breeding and selection at the NMSU Chile Pepper Breeding and Genetics Program. The NMSU-192 will be a valuable component of the breeding toolbox for the genetic improvement of traits relevant to the chile pepper industry in New Mexico and in the pepper genetics community.
Speakers Co-authors
ES

Ehtisham S. Khokhar

New Mexico State University (NMSU)
MI

Muhammad Ibrar Khan

New Mexico State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 2

9:00am CDT

VSF 2 - Investigating fruit-surface lenticel development using muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia) as a model species
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
The plant epidermis, despite being a single-cell layer, serves diverse roles in regulating organ growth, responding to environmental cues, and mediating gas exchange and water loss. While extensive research has focused on epidermal differentiation in leaves, where stomata and trichomes play critical roles in overall plant physiology, much less is known about epidermal cell fate on fruit surfaces. Many developing fruits initially contain stomata, but as the fruit rapidly expands, these structures face mechanical strain and often rupture. In several species, this process leads to the formation of lenticels, small, permanently open pores that enable continued gas exchange. While lenticels are essential for gas exchange in certain fruit, their presence and morphologies vary widely across species, and the underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms involved in their formation remain poorly understood. Muscadine, a grape species native to the southeastern U.S., serves as a valuable model for studying lenticel development due to its prominent lenticel formation. In this study, we investigated the cellular transition from stomata to lenticels in muscadine fruit using light and electron microscopy, revealing key stages in epidermal restructuring. Transcriptomic analysis of one muscadine cultivar across four developmental stages of lenticel formation identified candidate genes that may regulate this process. These findings provide insight into the genetic regulation of lenticel development that can help explain natural variation in lenticel traits observed across different muscadine cultivars and fruit species. Further, by drawing comparisons to periderm formation in woody tissues and wound responses in other fruit, this study highlights potential conserved genetic pathways underlying lenticel development. Understanding these processes can provide insights into the role of lenticels in postharvest physiology and contribute to targeted breeding strategies for improving fruit storability.
Speakers
AB

Alana Brinley

University of Florida
Co-authors
AS

Ali Sarkhosh

University of Florida
NA
TL

Tie Liu

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Foster 1

9:00am CDT

Compassionate Compliance with Executive Orders On DEI Collaboration Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Compassionate Compliance with Executive Orders On DEI - share your thoughts and listen to others discuss different strategies and mechanisms for supporting students/employees.
Presiding/Moderator
RC

Ryan Contreras

Oregon State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Collaboration Center, Empire AB

9:00am CDT

Awards Committee Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Speakers
avatar for Dean Kopsell

Dean Kopsell

Associate Dean, The University of Georgia
I am the current ASHS President.
KM

Kimberly Moore

University of Florida
Co-authors
LF

Louise Ferguson

University of California Davis
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 14

9:00am CDT

Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardener Interest Group Business Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Open to all attendees.


Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 3

9:00am CDT

UG 3 - A genome size and ploidy survey of The Morton Arboretum linden collection (Tilia spp. L.)
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
The linden genus (Tilia spp.) is a group of mostly trees native to the northern hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia composed of approximately 30 species. As a group of broadly adapted trees, lindens are planted in municipal forests around the world along streets and in parks. Species are known to be somewhat difficult to identify due to the consistently shared morphology of the foliage and flowers as well as notable variation on a single specimen. Additionally, species are capable of hybridization when overlapping in distribution. Ploidy variation within the genus has been reported in the literature as both diploids (2n=2x=82) and tetraploids (2n=4x=164). In order to better understand relationships among species, ploidy should be known. Flow cytomery can be used to determine ploidy and relative genome size. The Morton Arboretum Plant Collections Network accredited Tilia collection includes 58 unique taxa representing 24 species from around the world. The current study uses flow cytometry with the fluorochrome DAPI and Pisum sativum 'Ctirad' as the internal standard to determine ploidy in wild and cultivated lindens. Information from this study can and will be used to inform the development of a genus phylogeny as well as applied in breeding programs.
Speakers
KO

Katherine Opila

The Morton Arboretum
NA
Co-authors
KS

Kim Shearer

The Morton Arboretum
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 3
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source The Morton Arboretum

9:00am CDT

UG 3 - Effects of Magnesium Fertilization on Chlorophyll Accumulation in Watercress
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Magnesium (Mg) is a critical macronutrient in plant physiology, playing a central role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and energy metabolism. As the core atom in the chlorophyll molecule, magnesium in form of Magnesium Sulphate, directly influences chlorophyll biosynthesis and overall plant health. This study investigated the effects of varying magnesium concentrations from very low (100 mg/L), low (150 mg/L), medium (200 mg/L), high (250 mg/L), on chlorophyll accumulation in watercress. Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a fast-growing, nutrient-rich leafy vegetable from the Brassicaceae family. The main objective of the study was to determine the optimal magnesium application level that maximizes the chlorophyll content without causing nutrient imbalances. The experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions using a split plot design. Watercress was grown hydroponically using nutrient film techniques throughout key stages of vegetative growth. Chlorophyll content was assessed using SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) meter readings and confirmed through spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophyll extracts. Results revealed that all magnesium treatments led to significant increases in chlorophyll content compared to the untreated control group. The most significancy concentration occurred at 200 mg/L and 250 mg/L concentrations, with 200 mg/L emerging as the most efficient level for promoting chlorophyll accumulation without physiological stress. Enhanced chlorophyll levels correlated with improved leaf coloration; deep green color and overall vigor, suggesting greater photosynthetic efficiency and biomass potential. This study demonstrates that appropriate magnesium fertilization can substantially improve chlorophyll concentration and physiological performance in watercress. These findings offer valuable guidance for growers seeking to optimize yield and quality of leafy greens through targeted nutrient management. Future research should explore supplemental magnesium fertilization effects on biomass accumulation and interactions with other macronutrients.
Speakers
AS

AFFOUE SEPHORA FLAVIE YAO

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
GA

Germaine Akeza

Kentucky State University
Ms. Germaine N. Akeza is a graduate Research Assistant at Kentucky State University, pursuing a master’s in environmental studies. Born and raised in a densely populated Country from a family of subsistence farmers whose farming experience instilled in her the principles of hard... Read More →
RK

Richard Kabanda

Kentucky State University
TN

THEONESTE NZARAMYIMANA

Kentucky State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 3
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Land Grant

9:00am CDT

UG 3 - Evaluating New Sweetcorn Hybrids for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in the Virgin Islands
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Many breeding populations of sweetcorn have been developed for resistance to corn earworm, Heliothis zea, using Zapalote Chico (ZC) lines as a main resistance genetic resource. We are evaluating ZC as a source of drought and heat tolerance and to determine if ZC confers such tolerance to Hawaiian Super Sweet (HSS) developed at University of Hawaii. We are comparing the genetic potency of single-eared ZC landrace that is segregating for purple stem and tassel, and green stem and tassel in a hybrid with the the all-green, double-eared HSS. Forward and reciprocal hybrids were developed between HSS for a total of four hybrid sub-groups incorporating the two color sub-groups of ZC and HSS as the parents. The hybrids were developed at the University of the Virgin Islands, agInnovation Research Station. The F1 and the parents were evaluated under three levels of severity of deficit irrigation and exposed to the same level of summer heat. Fresh yield, sweetness and time to harvest were compared among the F1s. Preliminary results show that based on the three metrics we used, the HSS/ZCpurple had a higher tolerance to water deficit than the HSS/ZCwhite, while no significant difference were observed among the reciprocal F1s. The double-eared HSS/_derived hybrids may have the potential to improve sweetcorn production for the Virgin Islands small-scale producers Key words: Abiotic stress, genetics, hybrid, sweetcorn, Zapalote Chico
Speakers
NM

Naseem McIntosh

University of the Virgin Islands
NA
Co-authors
HA

Henry Awika

University of the Virgin Islands
SM

Sydney M Philbert

University of the Virgin Islands
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 3
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-AMS-SCBG-VIDA

9:00am CDT

UG 3 - Growing Medicinal Shrubs in the Arid Southwest
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
In the Southwest, increasing water shortages and persistent arid conditions make growing crops difficult. An important question to ask is whether expanding to organic growing systems can support small farms to not only meet water demands but also support the farm’s income. Catering to the environment by selecting medicinal native plants that are drought and heat-tolerant could achieve this goal. Organic farming methods and alternative crop choices play a crucial role in resilience. Our project’s objective is to identify perennial shrubs that hold cultural relevance for small farmers in the Southwest. High-value shrubs with medicinal properties were cultivated using organic farming practices. For the first year in June 2024, we planted chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.), native plum (Prunus americana M.), and golden currant (Ribes aureum P.), and they were monitored for establishment. In May 2025, survival rates were conducted, only a total of 5 shrubs did not survive out of a total of 36 shrubs. However, 31 perennial shrubs from three species overwintered successfully and have returned for a second year. After year one, we conclude that these native shrubs exhibit high survival rates in the region. For upcoming work, we will conduct replicated trials using water-deficit, well-watered, and normal watering being our control.
Speakers
KR

Kristen Ramos

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
CM

Connie Maxwell

New Mexico State University
NA
IG

Ivette Guzman

New Mexico State University
KL

Kevin Lombard

New Mexico State University
Kevin Lombard is a Professor of Horticulture and Research Director of the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, a 250 acre research farm uniquely located on the Navajo Nation. His research encompasses specialty crop evaluations including grapes, fruit... Read More →
RH

Robert Heyduck

New Mexico State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 3
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA ORG GR0007385
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

9:00am CDT

UG 3 - Temporal Light Quality or Intensity Alternations Elicit Sequence-Dependent Intermediate Lettuce Growth Compared to Fixed
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
In sole-source lighting of indoor-grown plants, blue (B, 400-500 nm) and red (R, 600-700 nm) light are commonly used because of their high photosynthetic photon efficacy. Increasing the B fraction generally decreases plant size and biomass but enhances secondary metabolism. When light is a limiting factor, proportionally increasing B R light promotes electron transport and thus photosynthesis and biomass. Although indoor farming typically uses fixed lighting, dynamic lighting that tailors light quality and intensity for each growth phase has potential to balance desirable traits. We evaluated how temporally alternating the relative and absolute amounts of B and R light influenced growth, morphology, and pigmentation of red-leaf lettuce ‘Rouxai’. We grew plants indoors at 20-22 °C air temperature and 18%-24% relative humidity under a 24-hour photoperiod. After germination under R180 (each subscript denotes photon flux density in µmol∙m–2∙s–1) for 4 days, plants were subject to four fixed light treatments (R180, B90R90, B180, and B180R180) or four temporal light alternations over six 4-day intervals (R180→B180, B180→R180, B90R90→B180R180, and B180R180→B90R90, with each repeating the switch between 4 days of the former treatment and 4 days of the latter treatment). We collected data on seedlings and mature plants 12 and 28 days after seed sow, respectively. For fixed light treatments except B180R180, increasing the B fraction from 0% to 100% decreased shoot biomass by 38%-47% for seedlings and 62%-74% for mature plants, but increased chlorophyll concentration and red coloration. Given equal B and R light, doubling the PPFD increased shoot biomass by 54%-55% for seedlings and 75%-83% for mature plants. Temporal light quality or intensity alternations resulted in similar seedling growth to the latter treatment in the alternating sequence, if fixed. In contrast, repeated temporal light alternations resulted in intermediate mature plant growth between growth under the former and latter treatments in the alternating sequence, if fixed, albeit more resemblant to the latter. Interestingly, given the same total light integrals, the B180→R180 alternation increased shoot biomass by 40%-50% and leaf size compared to fixed B90R90. We conclude continuous or intermittent high B light decreases lettuce growth, and effects of temporal light alternations on lettuce growth are generally in between effects of fixed light treatments, oftentimes resembling effects of the latter treatment in the sequence.
Speakers
TM

Talia McCann

University of Delaware
NA
Co-authors
QM

Qingwu Meng

University of Delaware
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 3
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Funding was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (award # 80NSSC23K1427).

9:00am CDT

UG 3 - Temporally Increasing Light Intensity Produces Similar Lettuce Growth More Efficiently Than Fixed High Light
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Sole-source light-emitting diode (LED) lighting is indispensable in controlled environments without sunlight, including growth chambers, indoor vertical farms, and spaceflight conditions. Crops like lettuce (Lactuca sativa) are typically grown under fixed light over the entire growing cycle. There is potential to improve light use efficiency through dynamic lighting using dimmable LEDs, but a knowledge gap exists in plant responses to changing light intensities. In an indoor experiment, we characterized how temporal light intensity alternations influenced growth, morphology, and pigmentation of red-leaf lettuce ‘Rouxai’. From day 0 to 28, we germinated and grew lettuce hydroponically at 21-23 °C air temperature and 18%-27% relative humidity under six lighting treatments, including two fixed photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) of 150 and 350 µmol∙m–2∙s–1 and four temporal PPFD alternations with increasing PPFDs (150→250→250, 150→350→350, 250→250→350, and 250→350→350 µmol∙m–2∙s–1) over three lettuce growth phases [lag phase (days 0-11)→exponential phase (days 11-25)→finish phase (days 25-28)]. All treatments had the same light spectrum (50% warm white 50% red) and 24-hour photoperiod. We collected seedling data and transplanted additional seedlings into Kratky-style hydroponic units on day 11 and collected mature plant data on day 28. Increasing the fixed PPFD from 150 to 350 µmol∙m–2∙s–1 increased seedling shoot fresh and dry mass by 69% and 84%, respectively, leaf number from 4 to 5, leaf width by 22%, chlorophyll concentration index by 15%, and red coloration, while decreasing leaf length by 11%. Similarly, for mature plants, increasing the fixed PPFD from 150 to 350 µmol∙m–2∙s–1 increased shoot fresh and dry mass by 66% and 70%, respectively, leaf number by 23%, leaf width by 11%, and chlorophyll concentration index by 37%, while decreasing light use efficiency (biomass per unit light) by 27%-29%. Compared to the fixed 350 treatment, the 250→250→350 and 250→350→350 alternations resulted in similar biomass, morphology, and pigmentation. However, the 250→250→350 alternation had 23%-31% higher light use efficiency than the fixed 350 treatment. With all treatments taken together, increasing the total light integral from 363 to 847 mol∙m–2 increased shoot fresh and dry mass but decreased light use efficiency. In conclusion, a temporal light intensity alternation produces comparably high biomass in lettuce more efficiently than fixed high light.
Speakers
SD

Sarah Ding

University of Delaware
NA
Co-authors
QM

Qingwu Meng

University of Delaware
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 3
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Funding was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (award # 80NSSC23K1427).

9:15am CDT

FLOR 2 - Ethephon Substrate Drench Efficacy is Influenced by Application Timing
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Ethephon substrate drenches have been shown to effectively control growth of annual bedding plants and herbaceous perennials. However, research has shown the efficacy of ethephon substrate drenches is impacted by the time of application. Therefore, the objective of our research was to evaluate how ethephon substrate drenches impact growth when applied at varying times post-transplant. Young plants of lobed tickseed (Coreopsis ×hybrida Big BangTM ‘Mercury Rising’) and coleus [Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. ‘Main StreetTM Bourbon Street’] were transplanted into 12.7-cm containers filled with a soilless peat-based substrate. At 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, or 21 d after transplant, 8 single-plant replicates received a single substrate drench of 90 mL aliquots of a solution containing 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg·L–1 ethephon. Plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse for 5 to 7 weeks after initial drench application before growth and morphological data including plant height, plant diameter, shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) were determined. In general, increasing concentrations of ethephon influenced plant height, plant diameter, SDW, and RDW of coleus and lobed tickseed. In Expt. 1, plant size (height and diameter) and biomass accumulation (SDW and RDW) of coleus was significantly influenced by increasing concentrations of ethephon, with the effects diminishing as application time was delayed. For example, as concentrations increased from 0 to 200 mg·L–1 ethephon, coleus treated at 3 days after transplant (DAT) were 33% (5.3 cm) shorter, while those treated at 17 DAT were 21% (3.6 cm) shorter. Shoot dry weight of coleus drenched with 200 mg·L–1 ethephon at 3 or 21 DAT were 50% (2.0 g) and 23% (1.0 g) lower, respectively, compared to untreated plants. Compared to untreated plants, RDW of plants drenched with 200 mg·L–1 ethephon 3 or 14 DAT was 65% (2.8 g) and 50% (2.6 g) smaller, respectively. In Expt. 2, plant height was unaffected by increasing concentrations of ethephon, but plant diameter and biomass accumulation of lobed tickseed was significantly affected. For example, as concentrations of ethephon increased from 0 to 200 mg·L–1, lobed tickseed treated 3 and 21 DAT were 8% (2.4 cm) and 9% (2.8 cm) narrower, respectively, compared to untreated plants. Overall, the magnitude of control diminished as application time increased and negative phytotoxic effects were seen in early applications (≤7 d). Therefore, we suggest applying ethephon substrate drenches 7 to 14 d after transplanting.
Speakers
WR

William Rich

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
GO

Garrett Owen

The Ohio State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 11B

9:15am CDT

PNM 3 - Effectiveness of Hydrogel Polymer Combined with Phosphorus on Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Growth and Yield.
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Phosphorus is well known for being a nutrient vital for plants, influencing key stages of plant cycle. However, its efficiency can be reduced by nutrient fixation processes or leaching, with challenging strategies to enhance phosphorus availability. Hydrogel polymers have been proposed as soil amendments to improve moisture retention and nutrient uptake. This study evaluates the impact of hydrogel polymer combined with different phosphorus rates on the growth and yield of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The experiment consists of six phosphorus rates of 0, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 lbs/A P2O5, and a hydrogel rate of 30 lbs/A. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment, and 4 rows per replication. Growth parameters such as Plant Height, Leaf chlorophyll content, weekly tissue sampling. Yield parameters such as number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod yield were also assessed. Data analysis is performed using one-way ANOVA in R Studio, with post-hoc comparisons using Tukey’s HSD test at P
Speakers
EM

Elena Maximo

University of Florida
Co-authors
GL

Guodong Liu

University of Florida
MJ

Md Jahidul Islam Shohag

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 3

9:15am CDT

TCHG 2 - A Review of Introductory Horticulture and Plant Science Classes In US Colleges and Universities: A national survey of co
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
A survey of the structure and contents of introductory horticulture and/or plant science classes was developed to understand common content, laboratories, and resources used across the U.S. The survey was distributed by email to 267 universities and colleges comprised of 1864 and 1890 Land Grant institutions, public state universities, colleges, technical schools, tribal colleges, and private institutions. Responses were received from 104 institutions, a 39% response rate of which 30 responses did not complete sufficient information to be included. The majority of responses came from Carnegie R-1 or R-2 institutions (51%) which had research programs along with undergraduate programs. Of the respondents, 42% were from designated horticulture departments or units, 26% from combined plant science units, 17% agriculture departments, and 14% responded “other.” Of the respondents, 47% offered degrees in horticulture, 21% a degree in plant sciences, 11% a degree in agriculture, and 21% “other.” Faculty instructing an introductory horticulture or plant science course were most commonly tenure track (64%) or nontenure track (35%) instructors. Full professors were the most common faculty instructors (45%), followed by assistant professors (20%). For 87% of the respondents, the course served as a degree requirement, was required for upper-level courses within the program (78%) and was commonly a university general education accepted course (59%). Two thirds of the courses had a required textbook while the remaining course had an optional textbook or had no textbook. The mode of learning was face-to-face (53%) or hybrid and asynchronous on-line (14%). The majority of courses (68%) were lecture-based delivery. The approach to the course was science based (55%) or a balance of science and practical technology (45%). The ranked topics covered in the course (from most frequent to least frequent) were plant growth and development, environmental effects, plant anatomy, plant nutrition and fertility, plant physiology, plant classification and nomenclature, plant chemistry, plant genetics and breeding, and history of horticulture. The rank of disciplines taught or emphasized in the courses were greenhouse operations and management, ornamental and nursery production and operation, landscape management, vegetable production and management, fruit production and management, arboriculture, and turf production and management. These results, and others presented, will help instructors in introductory horticulture and plant science courses develop course content that is commonly used across the U.S. and could be used to establish standards for learning outcomes.
Speakers
avatar for Curt Rom

Curt Rom

University Professor. And Associate Director, University of Arkansas and ASHS
Co-authors
DK

David Kopsell

Illinois State University
MM

Michelle M. Wisdom

University of Arkansas
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 11A

9:15am CDT

VGBR 2 - Pepper Breeding for Southeast US and Beyond: From Concept Mapping to Comprehensive Trait Characterization of Capsicum Ge
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Establishing a successful breeding program requires careful planning across multiple dimensions, including crop prioritization, stakeholder engagement, infrastructure development, germplasm acquisition, and definition of breeding goals. With these priorities in mind, we are developing a comprehensive vegetable breeding program focused on pepper (Capsicum spp.), anchored by both statewide and national stakeholder surveys and concept mapping exercises. These efforts have informed infrastructure development, germplasm sourcing, and trait prioritization aligned with end-user needs. As a foundational step, we assembled the UGA-CAPSI-CORE collection, a curated panel of over 450 diverse pepper accessions, including breeding lines, improved landraces, and ex-PVPs. This collection is currently being evaluated for key horticultural traits through conventional field-based assessment and high-throughput phenotyping. In parallel, a preliminary experimental subset is undergoing targeted screening for major biotic stresses, including Phytophthora capsici (Phytophthora blight), Colletotrichum spp. (Anthracnose), Meloidogyne incognita (Root-knot nematode), and insect pests such as pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii). Fruit quality parameters, including firmness, color, total soluble solids, and vitamin A and C content, are also being evaluated in the same subset. To complement phenotypic evaluation, we have screened the UGA-CAPSI-CORE collection for Phytophthora resistance using publicly available SSR markers, with allele binning conducted via TANDEM software. Whole genome resequencing (WGRS) of the full collection is currently underway to provide a high-resolution view of genetic diversity and trait architecture. Looking ahead, we are expanding the program to include transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses in response to P. capsici infection, enabling a systems-level understanding of host-pathogen interaction. The integration of phenotypic, genotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolic data will accelerate discovery of candidate genes and molecular markers for use in genomics-assisted breeding. This multipronged strategy positions the UGA vegetable breeding program to deliver pest- and disease-resistant, and nutritionally enhanced pepper cultivars for Georgia and beyond.
Speakers
AN

Amol Nankar

University of Georgia (UGA)
Co-authors
AD

Angelos Deltsidis

University of Georgia
BD

Bhabesh Dutta

University of Georgia
NA
DJ

Deepa Jaganathan

University of Georgia
Post Doc at University of Georgia with over 15 years of experience in molecular breeding and gene editing in crops. Research expertise spans drought tolerance in chickpea, TYLCV resistance in tomato, salinity tolerance in rice, genetic mapping in banana, and currently focused on disease... Read More →
IC

Intiaz Chowdhury

University of Georgia
NA
JG

Jessica Gibbs

University of Georgia
NA
LO

Luan Oliveira

University of Georgia
MT

Miaoying Tian

University of Georgia
NA
NT

Noel Thomas

University of Georgia
NA
SB

Saumik Basu

University of Georgia
NA
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 2
  • Subject vegetable Breeding
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Georgia Department of Agriculture (GDA) Specialty Crop Block Grant Program (SCBGP) - RGDAG000188920A

9:15am CDT

VSF 2 - Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Vitis shuttleworthii Populations
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Vitis shuttleworthii, commonly referred to as callose grape, is a wild grape species endemic to Central and South Florida and serves as a valuable genetic resource for the development of subtropical and tropical scion and rootstock cultivars. V. shuttleworthii can thrive in a humid environment and grows readily in nutrient deficient soils. This species is also resistant to anthracnose, downy mildew, Pierce’s disease and root knot nematodes. This study explores the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among V. shuttleworthii populations sampled from diverse regions across Florida. The overarching objective of the current study is to characterize the extent of natural genetic variation within and among populations and to identify promising genetic sources for resistance to key grapevine diseases. DNA obtained from 72 V. shuttleworthii individuals, along with 25 reference grape accessions, were sequenced using the Illumina platform (2 X 150 bp configuration). We identified over 64 million SNPs from the 97 accessions and 376,753 high-quality SNPs were retained for downstream analysis. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses revealed geographically structured clustering among V. shuttleworthii populations, indicating patterns of local adaptation and evolutionary divergence. The phylogenetic tree delineated clear genetic separation between wild Florida populations and cultivated Vitis species or breeding lines. Principal Component 1 accounted for 61.65% of the variance, while Principal Component 2 explained 9.86% of the variance. This spatial genetic structure suggests significant genetic diversity and restricted gene flow across regions. This study highlights the natural genetic variation present within the V. shuttleworthii population and provides a valuable resource for grape breeding programs.
Speakers
SR

Sheetal Ramekar

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
DH

Dylan Hacker

University of Florida
NA
MD

Manjul Dutt

University of Florida
SD

Sadanand Dhekney

University of Maryland Eastern Shore
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Foster 1

9:30am CDT

PNM 3 - Enhancing Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Growth and Yield through Liquid Oxygen and Phosphorus Fertigation Under Fiel
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vital crop in Florida, but it is highly vulnerable to low-oxygen (O₂) stress in soil and phosphorus (P) deficiency, particularly in regions utilizing deep well irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of liquid O₂ and P fertigation on plant growth, pod yield, and nutrient uptake under field conditions. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was employed, testing two rates of liquid O₂ (0 and 45 kg ha⁻¹ as hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂) and five levels (0, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha⁻¹) of liquid P as 0-54-0 phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). Key variables assessed included plant growth, P uptake, pod yield, and soil properties to evaluate the effectiveness of fertigation in promoting plant performance and nutrient uptake. The results indicated that both liquid O₂ and P applications enhanced plant growth and pod yield, with the highest pod yield achieved from the combination of 45 kg ha⁻¹ of liquid O₂ and 225 kg ha⁻¹ of liquid P. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong associations between plant growth, pod yield, and nutrient uptake. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the significant effects of liquid O₂ and P fertigation on growth parameters and pod yield. This study concludes that liquid O₂ fertigation alleviates soil hypoxia, improves P use efficiency, and boosts crop productivity, offering a promising and cost-effective solution for optimizing snap bean cultivation.
Speakers
avatar for Md Jahidul Islam Shohag

Md Jahidul Islam Shohag

University of Florida
Co-authors
EM

Elena Maximo

University of Florida
GL

Guodong Liu

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 3
  • Subject Plant Nutrient Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

9:30am CDT

TCHG 2 - Teaching Research Methods by Developing Production Recommendations for Various Philodendron Cultivars Grown in a Central
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Plugs of various Philodendron cultivars, such as ‘Moonlight’, ‘Green Princess’, ‘Birkin’ and ‘Imperial Green’ are readily available to Florida commercial foliage growers. Although older generalized recommendations for producing philodendrons exist, specific production guidelines are not available for many newer cultivars. Growing a crop of foliage plants like philodendrons to completion not only provides for development of grower guidelines but also provides excellent research method learning experiences for undergraduate students. Each year, in September, tissue-cultured plugs of various philodendrons are potted up in 15.24cm standard pots using conventional peat/perlite soilless mixes amended with dolomite, STEM, and several different rates of various controlled-release fertilizers (CRF). The pots are placed on greenhouse benches in randomized blocks within a split-plot design under two different shade levels. The controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) should release evenly at soilless medium temperatures up to 30°C. Throughout the production schedule (usually September to March), medium temperatures are measured using Onset HOBO MX2202 Bluetooth data loggers buried in several pots; light level, temperature and humidity at plant height are also measured. All pots receive the same irrigation treatment. Non-destructive plant growth parameters, such as plant height and number of leaves, are collected frequently. Leaf chlorophyll content is measured several times using various different chlorophyll meters. Leaf color is measured with various color meters. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH for all pots are measured using the standard pour-through method to evaluate the overall fertilizer levels available; these leachate sample solutions are collected and evaluated in the lab for nitrate, phosphate, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in the leachate solutions using different types of meters. At the end of the six-month growing period, plants are moved to another location, randomized, and then evaluated by student buyers not involved in the production of the crop. This marketing survey allows us to check for differences between treatments that might impact consumer acceptance. Destructive measurements, such as leaf chlorophyll content and/or leaf chemical content can also be measured after the marketing survey. Statistical analysis is also performed on the collected data. Since the data types are varied, students are introduced to several different statistical techniques from standard deviation to variance to correlation to regression. After completion of the production study, student participants often publish manuscripts and give presentations at conferences. Grower production recommendations are also offered.
Speakers
JL

John L Griffis Jr

Florida Gulf Coast University
NA
Co-authors
KP

Krystin Perry

Florida Gulf Coast University
NA
MT

MADELEINE TENNY

Florida Gulf Coast University
MM

Malcolm Manners

Florida Southern College
NA
RD

Rory Dunn

Florida Gulf Coast University
SB

Senthil Balaji Girimurugan

Florida Gulf Coast University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Strand 11A

9:30am CDT

VGBR 2 - Harnessing Aerial Imagery and AI for Efficient Yield Assessment in Sweetpotato Breeding
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Modern sweetpotato breeding programs evaluate hundreds of genotypes across successive generations to identify lines with superior storage root quality traits. However, traditional phenotyping methods rely on manual storage root evaluation, limiting both the scale and speed of selection. Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)-based high-throughput phenotyping offers scalable, image-based alternatives that enable breeders to collect highly detailed data with reduced bias, facilitating genomic selection. By linking image-derived phenotypes to genotypic data, these approaches could shorten the breeding cycle by supporting earlier or more optimal selection decisions. In this study, we developed an image-based yield estimation pipeline for early generation and advanced sweetpotato breeding lines using sUAS-based RGB (0.17 cm pixel⁻¹) and multispectral imagery. The pipeline leveraged a previously developed Mask R-CNN segmentation model for sweetpotato storage root detection that was pre-trained using mobile RGB images and fine-tuned using annotated aerial images to optimize performance for sUAS applications. Imagery was acquired in 2024 from two research fields immediately after harvest. Ground truth plot-level root yield was collected using mechanical singulation in an optical sorter (Exeter Engineering). The Mask R-CNN model generated instance masks of individual storage roots directly from plot-level RGB imagery, with root metrics such as length, diameter, and volume estimated using multiple geometrical methods. The model demonstrated strong predictive performance across both locations. Combined-location analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.94 for storage root weight estimation (0.88 and 0.97 for individual locations) with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.24 kg plot⁻¹. Root count estimation achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.78 (0.73 and 0.92 independently) with an RMSE of 11 roots plot⁻¹. These results indicate robust yield estimation across diverse genotypes and field conditions. Furthermore, these findings highlight the potential of combining aerial imagery and deep learning to streamline yield assessment in sweetpotato breeding programs. Future work will focus on enhancing model accuracy by incorporating root feature analysis, quality classifications, and expanded datasets to further support breeding decisions and accelerate selection pipelines.
Speakers
AS

Alexis Suero

North Carolina State University
NA
Co-authors
CY

Craig Yencho

North Carolina State University
NA
JM

Jerome Maleski

North Carolina State University
NA
JZ

Jing Zhang

North Carolina State University
NA
KP

Ken Pecota

North Carolina State University
NA
MK

Michael Kudenov

North Carolina State University
NA
RM

Russell Mierop

North Carolina State University
NA
SF

Simon Fraher

North Carolina State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Strand 12B

9:30am CDT

VSF 2 - Vineyard Groundcover and Nitrogen Fertility Changes on Plant-Parasitic Nematode Populations and Soil Nutrient Cycling
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are common in perennial cropping systems, particularly where traditional fertility and floor management practices biologically disturb soil ecosystems. Four vineyard floor management treatments were applied to mature ‘Norton’ vines—(1) grower control (mown tall fescue in the aisle with herbicide-treated bare driplines), (2) red fescue (creeping red fescue established throughout aisle and dripline), (3) successional cover crops (annual rotation of cereal rye, oats, and sorghum-sudangrass using no-till planting), and (4) compost (a mix of hardwood mulch and composted winery pomace applied across aisle and dripline)—in combination with two nitrogen fertility regimes: no nitrogen (0 lb N/ac) and N fertilization (20 lb N/ac applied at budbreak, bloom, and veraison (60 lb N/ac total)). The study was conducted on a Hosmer silty-clay loam in southern Illinois, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil samples were analyzed for populations of plant-parasitic nematode genera—including Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, and Longidorus—alongside soil nutrient metrics such as water-extractable potassium (WEK), phosphorus (WEP), and organic carbon (WEOC), as well as percent organic matter (OM), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N), and soil respiration (CO₂). Results showed that red fescue may act as a host for Pratylenchus, particularly when supported by nitrogen fertilization (236/100cc) in the vineyard dripline, compared to 156/100cc under compost, 204/100cc under successional cover, and 164/100cc in the grower control during the same period. The increase may be attributed to red fescue’s weak, fibrous root system, which lacks the structural defenses of deeper-rooted species and may act as an attractant. Although Pratylenchus have higher damage thresholds, these population densities have the potential to affect grapevine health. In contrast, compost and successional cover treatments suppressed multiple PPN genera while significantly improving nutrient availability. Populations of Xiphinema and Longidorus were reduced by 57–92% under compost and successional treatments with no nitrogen, compared to the control. These treatments also increased WEK by up to 249%, raised WEP, and elevated OM to 2.6%, compared to 2.1% in the control. Soil respiration reached 68.4 kg/ha, and estimated nitrogen release was as high as 62.8 kg/ha, while maintaining stable C:N ratios (~12.5), indicating enhanced nutrient cycling and organic matter mineralization. These findings suggest that biologically diverse vineyard floor management can suppress plant-parasitic nematodes while simultaneously improving soil nutrient relationships. Integrating organic amendments and dynamic cover cropping into vineyard systems offers a strategy to reduce pest pressure, enhance nutrient cycling, and build soil health.
Speakers
AW

Amanda Weidhuner

Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Co-authors
BT

Bradley Taylor

Southern Illinois University Carbondale
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Foster 1

9:45am CDT

PNM 3 - Nutrient Solubility in Response to Root Zone pH for Soilless Plant Culture
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
The pH of the root zone plays a crucial role in influencing the solubility of nutrients within a soilless substrate or hydroponic solution, affecting their uptake into plant tissue. Our objective was to re-evaluate and update the understanding of how root zone pH affects nutrient solubility in soilless substrates and hydroponic systems using chemical equilibria software, laboratory testing, and a literature review. The aim was to provide horticulture practitioners with an understanding of the trends that should be considered when managing substrates and fertilization. Calcium and magnesium have decreasing solubility with increasing pH. However, dolomitic limestone added for neutralization of acidic substrates such as bark and peat increase Ca and Mg under alkaline conditions. Because potassium salts are usually the liming sources in hydroponics, Ca and Mg levels decrease at high pH. Phosphorus availability is limited primarily because of reactions with Ca at high pH. Results demonstrated substantial differences in micronutrient solubility between sulfate-based and chelated micronutrients. In hydroponic simulations (GEOCHEM-EZ), sulfate-based micronutrients rapidly became insoluble at higher pH (>6.0), whereas chelates, particularly Fe-EDDHA (ethylenediamine-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), maintained solubility even under alkaline conditions (up to pH 10.0). Visual MINTEQ simulations highlighted the role of DOM in stabilizing micronutrient availability in soilless substrates through the formation of metal-organic complexes, especially for metal micronutrients Fe, Cu, and Zn. Laboratory measurements were consistent with chemical equilibrium simulations, demonstrating higher water-extractable micronutrient solubility with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) chelates compared with sulfate forms, particularly at elevated pH. Fe and Mn solubility sharply declined with increasing substrate pH, whereas Zn and Cu solubility peaked at intermediate pH levels (5.5 to 6.5). Boron availability decreased as substrate pH increased, whereas Mo solubility increased under alkaline conditions. A review of trends in plant tissue micronutrient concentration at different pH levels in hydroponics and soilless substrates emphasized that translating micronutrient solubility to plant availability is complex. For example, absorption of cations by roots at very low pH may be impeded in soilless substrates hydroponics by a combination of growth inhibition, nutrient disorders, and direct pH effects of H concentration. Plant uptake involves numerous biological processes, including root exudation, microbial interactions, nutrient competition, redox conditions, and plant-specific nutrient strategies. Updated pH solubility charts were developed to help visualize micronutrient solubility and plant uptake under different scenarios that have practical implications for horticulture fertilizer management.
Speakers
PF

Paul Fisher

University of Florida
Co-authors
JH

Jinsheng Huang

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Nutrient Management 3
  • Subject Plant Nutrient Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Floriculture Research Alliance, USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative #58-3607-8-725, USDA NIFA multi-state NC1186, and HATCH FLA-ENH-005918

9:45am CDT

VSF 2 - Mode of action of a new Seaweed Extract and Amino Acid Based Biostimulant for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
A new biostimulant formulation (APH-1035; alkaline Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract and amino acid, L-phenylalanine) was evaluated in mode of actions studies to understand the contribution of each active ingredient to the effect of the biostimulant. Previous controlled environment studies showed under salinity and drought stress, plants treated with this new biostimulant had an increase in shoot weight and leaf area, and improvements in photosynthetic parameters, showing statistical synergy between the active ingredients. Field trials had similar results with treated plants having an increase foliar and root fresh and dry weight, and yield under drought and salinity stress. An increase in flowers and fruit set was also seen. Controlled environment studies evaluated the potential mode of action of APH-1035 on strawberry under drought stress. Treatments consisted of a non-stressed control, a stressed control, APH -1035, and the individual active ingredients in APH-1035 (seaweed extract, and phenylalanine) at the equivalent concentrations in APH-1035. Leaf tissue samples were collected pre-stress, and two time points post stress, frozen, and RNA extracted, followed by RNASeq, and subsequent data analysis. Plants treated with APH-1035 showed a transcriptional profile more similar to the non-stressed plants than stressed control plants. The individual active profiles were more similar to the stressed control. Transcript abundance increased over time and did not change after prolonged drought stress. In contrast, stressed control plants, showed down regulation of this gene cluster. Correlation analysis resulted in 221 genes whose expression correlated significantly with treatments. Some of these genes are related to photosynthesis and starch metabolism, which can be linked to drought resistance. These results suggest that the novel biostimulant, with the combination of seaweed extract and an amino acid (phenylalanine) influences gene expression within plants to reduce abiotic stress and promote growth and metabolism under stress, and that this response is greater than the individual actives alone.
Speakers
HL

Holly Little

Director, research and development, Acadian Plant Health
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Foster 1

9:45am CDT

Coffee Break
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:45am - 10:15am CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 9:45am - 10:15am CDT
Empire AB

10:00am CDT

An Introduction To Watney (Interest Group Session)
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Luke Concollato will provide an introduction to new, intuitive platform for digital phenotyping and integration of environmental data. Luke Concollato will introduce the program and give instructions on how this platform can be used for specified organization of data and ultimately, breakthroughs in plant science.

This is a pre-recorded Zoom webinar that will be shown at the Hort Theater.
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Hort Theater

10:00am CDT

Graduate Student Activities Committee Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
RS

Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 3

10:00am CDT

Finance Committee Members Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 14

10:00am CDT

Complimentary Seated Massage
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 4:00pm CDT
Take a moment to relax and recharge with a complimentary seated massage in the exhibit hall! Offered exclusively to conference attendees, this refreshing experience is available on a first-come, first-served basis, so be sure to stop by early. Whether you need a quick escape from the hustle and bustle or a moment to unwind between sessions, our skilled massage therapists will help melt away tension—leaving you refreshed, reenergized, and ready to make the most of your time at the conference. Don't miss out on this perfect opportunity to treat yourself!
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:00am - 4:00pm CDT
Empire AB

10:14am CDT

CE 5 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AR

Abishkar Regmi

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas Tech University
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 12B

10:14am CDT

CHMG 1 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Amy Bruzzichesi

Amy Bruzzichesi

NC State University
Amy Bruzzichesi, MSW, HTR is a therapeutic horticulturist, horticultural therapist, and career social worker with a background in elder care, medical social work, and the nonprofit world. Amy is part of NC Cooperative Extension as the Therapeutic Horticulture Program Manager, sustaining... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 11A

10:14am CDT

PGR - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
HG

Haramrit Gill

University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Foster 2

10:14am CDT

POM 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AS

Ashley Sorrow

University of Georgia
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Foster 1

10:14am CDT

VCM 4 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
MT

Marisa Thompson

New Mexico State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 11B

10:15am CDT

CE 5 - A Chemical Biostimulant Enhances Growth of Greenhouse Lettuce, but not Other Leafy Greens, in Aerated Hydroponics
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
A calcium-mobilizing chemical biostimulant has been developed to improve crop growth and quality by promoting calcium uptake and mobilization. Although designed to be applied as a foliar spray, it can potentially be added to the nutrient solution in controlled-environment hydroponic systems. Although it has been shown to mitigate calcium deficiency-induced tipburn while maintaining biomass in hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa), its efficacy in other emerging hydroponic leafy greens remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of this biostimulant, when added to the nutrient solution, on the growth traits of four hydroponic leafy greens: arugula (Eruca sativa) ‘Astro’, kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) ‘Starbor’, lettuce ‘Rex’, and pac choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) ‘Win-Win Choi’. After 11 days of germination and seedling propagation under indoor sole-source lighting, we transplanted seedlings of all crops into actively aerated deep-water-culture trays in a summer greenhouse environment. The trays had the same nutrient solution without and without the added biostimulant at a concentration of 0.25 mL⋅L−1 in three blocks of a randomized complete block design. Plant data were collected 21 and 28 days after transplanting (DAT). At 21 DAT, the added biostimulant decreased shoot fresh and dry mass of arugula, kale, and pac choi by 21% to 31% but increased that of lettuce by 23% to 25%. At 28 DAT, the added biostimulant also increased shoot fresh and dry mass of lettuce by 24% to 29%, did not influence shoot fresh mass of the other crops, and decreased shoot dry mass of kale and pac choi by 14% to 21%. Tipburn incidence was minimal without or with the added biostimulant at 21 and 28 DAT, although tipburn reduction was observed in arugula and pac choi with the added biostimulant. Chlorophyll concentration index was generally unaffected by the added biostimulant, except for an 11% increase in lettuce with the added biostimulant at 28 DAT. Extension growth of all crops except lettuce had a 9% to 15% reduction with the added biostimulant at 21 DAT but was unaffected by the added biostimulant at 28 DAT. We conclude that the added biostimulant boosted the growth of lettuce, but not the other leafy greens tested, in summer greenhouse aerated hydroponics.
Speakers
QM

Qingwu Meng

University of Delaware
Co-authors
YS

Yoko Suzuki

University of Delaware
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 5
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source University of Delaware College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Envision Program, which was funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Award #2020–67037–31077

10:15am CDT

CHMG 1 - Citi-Sci: A Multi-state Gardening Project to Evaluate Plant Preferences and Knowledge Gained from Extension Education
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
A citizen-science gardening project was conducted in 2024 with 205 participants from Indiana, Iowa, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Participants grew two cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa): ‘Elan’, a vigorous white-flowered plant, and ‘Tristan’, a pink-flowered plant with ornamental appeal. The study used a 15-question pre- and posttest format to assess changes in participant confidence related to pest management, personal nutrition, and mental health care. Participants also reported cultivar and plant-type preferences in the post-test. Monthly virtual educational sessions on the assessed topics were delivered by Extension faculty. Only 110 participants completed both the pre- and posttests, enabling evaluation of knowledge gain. An increase in mean scores was measured for 13 questions, suggesting that participants benefited from the educational Extension programming. The greatest improvements were measured in pest management knowledge, with gains ranging from 10% to 19%, whereas questions about methods to reduce stress increased only by 6% to 8%. In the posttest, 76% of participants preferred ‘Tristan’, citing its more attractive appearance, earlier harvest, and better yield compared to ‘Elan’. On average, ‘Tristan’ plants produced their first harvest 49 d after planting, compared to 58 d for ‘Elan’. Notably, willingness-to-pay data indicated that participants valued both cultivars similarly. Our findings demonstrate the positive impact of Extension programming on gardening-related knowledge and highlight the value of collaboration between university researchers, Extension faculty, and stakeholders as citizen scientists.
Speakers
CG

Celina Gomez

Purdue University
Co-authors
CH

Cynthia Haynes

Iowa State University
KM

Karen Mitchell

Purdue University
NA
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
MF

Michael Fidler

Purdue University
NA
NB

Natalie Bumgarner

University of Tennessee
SC

Siria Cardenas

Purdue University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardeners 1
  • Subject Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardener
  • Funding Source This activity was funded by Purdue University as part of AgSEED Crossroads funding to support Indiana’s Agriculture and Rural Development.

10:15am CDT

PGR - Overcoming the Pre-Harvest Fruit Drop vs. Fruit Color Trade-off in 'Honeycrisp' Apples Using Combined Plant Growth Regul
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD) causes significant yield losses in commercially valuable apple cultivars like 'Honeycrisp'. Ethylene, the master regulator of various fruit ripening traits in climacteric fruits, accelerates pre-harvest fruit drop. While ethylene inhibitors such as aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) effectively reduces PFD, it can negatively impact fruit color development, a process also regulated by the plant hormone ethylene. To address this trade-off, we evaluated various plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as Accede (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-10%), Motivate (ethephon-21.7%), ReTain (AVG-15%) and their combinations, in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples over two consecutive years (2023
Speakers Co-authors
KJ

khalil Jahed

Virginia Tech
SS

Sherif Sherif

Virginia Tech
Dr. Sherif M. Sherif is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech, where he channels his fervent zeal for life sciences and educational outreach into his specialization in tree fruit physiology and molecular biology. His career is defined by a dedication to overcoming the biological... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Foster 2

10:15am CDT

POM 2 - Effects of intermittent warm temperature exposure on progression of chill accumulation during peach floral bud dormancy
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Dormancy is an important strategy in perennial plants such as the tree fruit peach (Prunus persica), to protect them from damage during harsh environmental conditions such as winter weather. As day length and temperature decrease in the fall, floral and vegetative buds enter a state of endodormancy where they remain unresponsive to growth promoting environmental signals (Nilsson, 2022). Exposure to cold temperatures (typically ≤ 7° C) during the winter allows for chill accumulation and upon sufficient such chill accumulation, release from endodormancy occurs. This is followed by exposure to warmer temperatures in the spring leading to the end of eco- dormancy and bud break. In the field, low winter temperatures are often interspersed with periods of substantially warm weather thereby interrupting or negating the progression of chill accumulation and affecting bud break in the spring. Understanding responses of peach buds to intermittent warm temperature exposure is needed to mitigate crop loss due to temperature fluctuations. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of such intermittent warm temperature exposure on chill accumulation in ‘Contender’ peach. Potted trees were maintained at ambient conditions in the field until around 50% of chill requirements (100 % = 1050 chill hours) were met. Following this, trees were subjected to one of three treatments: Control, Chill break I, and Chill break II, with 4 replicates per treatment. The Control group of peach trees were maintained under ambient conditions to reach their chill requirement. Chill break I and Chill break II were exposed to intermittent warm temperatures of continuous 14 °C in a growth chamber for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Following the treatment, trees were returned to ambient conditions. Peach buds were collected from each treatment at three stages and remaining buds were monitored to track floral bud break progression. Additionally, we determined the metabolite and phytohormone concentrations in ‘Contender’ peach buds that naturally accumulated their chilling requirements. Results indicate that as chilling progression increases, starch concentration increases. Concentration of the phytohormone ABA (abscisic) acid appeared to decrease upon completion of endodormancy. Together, these analyses are expected to help us gain a better understanding of dormancy progression in peach.
Speakers
AS

Ashley Sorrow

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AM

Anish Malladi

University of Georgia
DC

Dario Chavez

University of Georgia
NA
SN

Savithri Nambeesan

University of Georgia
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Foster 1

10:15am CDT

VCM 4 - The Effect of Power System on Potato Production for Small Farms
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Despite not well studied within the sustainable agriculture research community, there is evidence that animal traction could be a regenerative power option for small farms. Animals cause minimal compaction, appreciate, and can regenerate. Fuel can be grown on farm, some animals are multi-purpose, and there is social benefit for those that interact with them. However, opportunities for aspiring teamsters to gain knowledge are limited. Extension materials and programming from public Universities are also not widely available. A side-by-side tractor animal traction comparison was established at the Meigs Horticulture Facility in Lafayette IN (Meigs). There were two treatments potato production with animal traction (AT) and potato production with small tractor traction (TT). During the study all field activities related to potato production were performed with animal power or tractor power in the two treatments, respectively. Data collection included: cost of equipment, time for each field, potato yield, and comprehensive soil health assessment including penetration resistance. Potato yield did not differ between AT and TT (P = 0.79213). Yields were 15,266.3 ± 7,523.6 and 12,981.0 ± 9,175.0 lb. 1-acre for AT and TT, respectively. Overall cost of capital equipment used in thus study were 17,050 and 42,147.30 for AT and TT, respectively. Total time in the field for major field events was 4 hours for AT compared to TT. Preliminary results reveal that similar yields to tractor power can be achieved when using animal power. Time in the field may be greater in animal traction, but capital equipment costs can be lower.
Speakers
MB

Moriah Bilenky

Purdue University
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 11B

10:15am CDT

Orchid Research Being Conducted by Members of the Orchid Interest Group (Interest Group Session)
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Coordinators/Moderators:
Wagner A. Vendrame
Amir A. Khoddamzadeh

Members of the Interest Group will give a brief overview of the research they are conducting on orchids. Followed by a general discussion on potential collaborations.


Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 12A

10:15am CDT

Supporting Sustainability with Industry (Interest Group Session)
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
The horticultural industry has been moving towards sustainable practices, and industry is no exception! Come to this Interest Group session to learn about how industry is assessing and implementing sustainability practices, and how you can partner with industry in these initiatives.

Roundtable discussion following with Q&A.
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 10

10:30am CDT

CE 5 - Optimizing Hydroponic Lettuce Production in Mississippi Through Cultivar Selection, System Comparison, and Biostimulant
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
The southeastern U.S. struggles with horticultural production due to a harsh climate that exacerbates issues such as severe weed, soil-borne pests, and diseases. Hydroponic cultivation offers a promising solution by reducing pesticide use and facilitating year-round production. However, there is a lack of regionally research-based guidance on hydroponic cultivation in Mississippi. This study aimed to screen the lettuce cultivars that are suitable for hydroponic cultivation in Mississippi and to evaluate the effects of different hydroponic systems and biostimulants on plant growth. Six lettuce cultivars (Buttercrunch, Adriana, Rex, Rouxai, Oscarde, and Skyphos) were grown in two hydroponic systems (vertical tower and deep-water culture), and subjected to three biostimulant treatments (control, kelp and microbial biostimulant) to assess their impacts on growth parameters. Results indicated that lettuce cultivar significantly affected hydroponic lettuce growth. Adriana showed the highest leaf area and plant biomass while Buttercrunch displayed the highest relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and shoot fresh weight. Rouxai accumulated the least biomass. Biostimulants demonstrated positive effects on lettuce plant growth; however, their efficacy was specific to both the hydroponic system and lettuce cultivar. Kelp was found to be more effective than microbial biostimulants in enhancing growth parameters. Overall, lettuce plants grown in the deep-water culture system exhibited faster growth compared to those in the vertical tower system. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that hydroponic cultivation is a viable solution for lettuce production in Mississippi, with deep-water culture system and kelp biostimulant significantly enhancing growth parameters.
Speakers
GW

Gaosheng Wu

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
JW

Jingyi Wu

Mississippi State University
QZ

Qianwen Zhang

Truck Crops Branch Experiment Station
TL

Tongyin Li

Mississippi State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 5

10:30am CDT

CHMG 1 - East Texas Master Gardener Characteristics, Volunteer Choices, and Willingness to Answer Questions from the Public
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
East Texas Master Gardener volunteers were asked to participate in an exploratory Qualtrics survey during the fall of 2023. This study examined the demographic characteristics, volunteer engagement choices, and challenges of Master Gardener volunteers in Texas A
Speakers Co-authors
CS

Candis Scallan

Stephen F Austin State University
NA
GG

Greg Grant

Stephen F Austin State University
NA
PS

Pat Stephens-Williams

Stephen F Austin State University
NA
RD

Ray Darville

Stephen F. Austin State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 11A

10:30am CDT

PGR - Testing of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) for Chemical Removal of Flowers of Young Orchard Trees Aiming at
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Approximately 3-5% of perennial orchard trees are replanted annually. Bearing fruit on newly planted orchard trees is undesirable because fruits are strong carbohydrate sinks and compete with shoot growth, and thus limit early growth of orchard trees to fill their space. Therefore, manual removal of flowers and fruitlets from newly planted trees has been practiced. In almond, leaving nuts on young trees cannot just limit vegetative growth but also serve as harboring site for navel orange worm. Therefore, removal of flowers and fruitlets/nutlets via spray application of chemical thinners would be highly desirable to aim tree growth and reduce manual labor cost for tree defruiting. In a series of experiments in nectarines, almonds and walnuts in California, we investigated the effects of the application of ACC alone or in combination with S-abscisic acid (S-ABA), 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) on flower and fruitlet/nutlet removal. Results indicated that ACC by itself at 450-600 mg/L or in combination with 300 mg/L S-ABA or 400 mg/L 6-BA can effectively defruit young orchard trees and reduce manual labor cost. No phytotoxicity was observed in any of the trials.
Speakers
JR

Jozsef Racsko

Valent USA
Co-authors
PF

Poliana Francescatto

Valent BioSciences
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Foster 2

10:30am CDT

POM 2 - Comparative evaluation of phytochemicals in low-chill peach, nectarine, and plum cultivars grown in Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Peaches, nectarines, and plums are among the most popular and valuable stone fruits from the Rosaceae family. Their fruit are rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and antioxidants. In this study, the chemical attributes, bioactive compound content, and antioxidant activity of 18 peach cultivars (‘UFOne’, ‘UFGlo’, ‘UFBeauty’, ‘UFSun’, ‘Flordaprince’, ‘Gulfcrismon’, ‘UFBlaze’, ‘TropicSnow’, ‘TropicBeauty’, ‘UFGem’, ‘UFBest’, ‘Flordaglo’, ‘Flordabest’, ‘UFO’, ‘Flordaking’, ‘Flordacrest’, ‘UFSharp’, and ‘Flordabelle’), four nectarine cultivars(‘UFRoyal’, ‘Sunraycer’, ‘Sunmist’, and ‘Sunbest’), and four plum cultivars (‘Gulfrose’, ‘Gulfgold’, ‘Gulfblaze’, and ‘Scarlet Beauty’) were evaluated. Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, and juice pH presented significant variations among cultivars. The highest TSS content was recorded in ‘Sunmist’ nectarine, while plum cultivars had the highest TA levels, particularly ‘Scarlet Beauty’. The TSS/TA ratio was highest in ‘UFSun’ peach. ‘Gulfrose’ plum showed the highest total anthocyanin concentration (TAC) level. Total phenolic content (TPC) varied significantly, with plum cultivars, particularly ‘Scarlet Beauty’, having the highest amount. Similarly, total antioxidant activity (TAA) was highest in ‘Scarlet Beauty’ and ‘Gulfrose’ plums, while ‘TropicSnow’ peach and ‘SunBest’ nectarine had the lowest TAA. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed clear separations among cultivars based on chemical and bioactive parameters. These findings provide valuable insights into the biochemical diversity of peach, nectarine, and plum cultivars, emphasizing the superior bioactive and antioxidant properties of plum cultivars.
Speakers
FH

Fariborz Habibi

University of Florida
Co-authors
AS

Ali Sarkhosh

University of Florida
NA
JB

Jeffrey Brecht

University of Florida
NA
JC

Jose Chaparro

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Foster 1

10:30am CDT

VCM 4 - Field Evaluation of Edamame Varieties During Two Planting Seasons in a Subtropical Region
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Edamame, a vegetable soybean harvested at the immature stage with green pods, has gained popularity in the United States due to its high nutritional value and appealing taste, resulting in growing consumer demand. However, over 70% of the edamame consumed in the U.S. is currently imported from East Asia. To support domestic production and reduce reliance on imports, identifying suitable varieties and production windows is essential—especially in regions like Florida, where subtropical conditions allow for multi-season cropping. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of sixteen commercial edamame varieties (maturity groups 0–V) across South Florida’s two primary bean production seasons: spring (early February to mid-May) and fall (early October to mid-December). The objectives were to (a) identify varieties best suited to South Florida’s subtropical climate, and (b) determine the optimal growing season for each variety. Growth parameters (emergence rate, plant height, canopy diameter, leaf area, and nodes per plant) and agronomic traits (fresh pod yield and 10-pod weight) were measured to assess adaptation and productivity. In the spring, ‘UA-Kirksey’ achieved the highest yield at 5.0 t/ha, while ‘Midori Giant’ had the lowest at 0.8 t/ha. In the fall, ‘Chiba Green’ produced the highest yield at 3.2 t/ha, and ‘Karikachi #3’ the lowest at 0.5 t/ha. Six varieties, i.e., ‘KAS 355-11’, ‘Kahala’, ‘Karikachi #3’, ‘Shirofumi’, ‘UA-Kirksey’, and ‘Young Soybean’ yielded significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in spring compared to fall, while no significant seasonal differences were observed for the other varieties. These findings demonstrate the importance of selecting season-appropriate varieties to maximize yield potential and production efficiency in subtropical regions like South Florida, offering a promising strategy to support local edamame cultivation.
Speakers
avatar for Xiaoying Li

Xiaoying Li

University of Florida, IFAS
Co-authors
VR

Vander Rocha Lacerda

University of Florida Tropical Research and Education Center
NA
YK

You's Kertye Myrtil

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 11B

10:45am CDT

CE 5 - Tylosin in Hydroponic Systems: Assessing Growth and Antibiotic Residue in Lettuce Cultivation
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Antibiotic persistence in the environment, including water sources, is a significant concern due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Tylosin is a common macrolide antibiotic used as a growth promoter in cattle, with 71% of feedlots administering it. Antibiotics such as tylosin, can persist as residual contaminants in surface water, groundwater, and wastewater. This poses a risk when these contaminated waters are used for irrigation. Such practice can result in the uptake of antibiotics by plants, which in turn may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance in both human and living organisms. To determine the antibiotic uptake and its effects on crops, we spiked the nutrient solution with 2 levels of tylosin and grew lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponics system. Two replicated experiments utilized the NFT hydroponic systems and included tylosin at concentrations of 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L, with reverse osmosis (RO) water as the control. Growth parameters were measured after 4 weeks at harvest, including aerial weight, head diameter, plant height, root weight, and root length. The results indicated that tylosin treatments had a negative impact with decreased root weight and length in the first experiment, whereas aerial measurements did not differ between treatments. The 10 mg/L tylosin treatment in the second experiment resulted in significantly wider head diameters and longer roots. Tylosin concentrations in lettuce leaf tissue were higher in both treatments compared to the control, although the 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L treatments showed similar responses. Water analyses throughout the experiments showed a decrease in tylosin concentration in the treated water over time, with no tylosin detected in the control treatment at any time. Multivariate correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between tylosin concentration and all growth parameters. These findings highlight the potential effects of tylosin on hydroponically grown lettuce and raise important considerations for using recycled or alternative water sources in hydroponic agriculture, particularly concerning food safety and crop productivity.
Speakers
DR

Dario Rueda Kunz

Texas Tech University
Co-authors
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
HL

Haydee Laza

Texas Tech University
NA
JS

Jyotsna Sharma

Texas Tech University
NA
MS

Marcos Sanchez

Texas Tech University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 12B

10:45am CDT

CHMG 1 - Free Farmers' Markets for Salt Lake County Seniors
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
The Utah Commission on Aging defines food insecurity as lack of reliable access to sufficient amounts of affordable and nutritious foods. Seniors experiencing food insecurity are disproportionately low-income and often suffer from chronic health conditions (Hartline-Grafton, 2019) and food insecure older adults with chronic conditions have higher health care costs than their non-food insecure counterparts (Garcia et al., 2018). Food insecurity among low-income seniors is a complex issue because impacted individuals may experience limited mobility and not reside near food stores. Additionally, many low-income seniors must choose between feeding themselves, paying medical bills, and affording household expenses (Utah Food Bank, 2019). The Utah Food Bank reports that about 12% of Utah seniors struggle with hunger (up 45% since 2001) and the number is expected to climb to 8 million by 2050 as the aging population doubles. Salt Lake County (SLCo) Adult and Aging Services published a 2023 Community Needs Assessment which identified the top three of needs of local seniors were healthcare, transportation, and nutrition. The study highlighted government providers must “achieve greater impact through partnerships and innovation”. The free farmers’ markets at senior centers program demonstrates an innovative partnership that couples County government providers with Utah State University Extension (USU Extension) to address food insecurity experienced by low-income seniors. USU Extension utilizes public volunteers to grow and disseminate locally grown produce to urban dwelling seniors through the farmers’ market program. USU Extension Master Gardener (MG) volunteers provide service hours in exchange for horticulture training. In Salt Lake County, MGs are encouraged to grow and donate homegrown produce for distribution at markets. Since 2017, 20 tons of produce has been distributed with an approximate market value of $80,000. 7,500 seniors were served during 135 markets. Benefitting seniors reported that: 97% saved money, 100% increased access to fresh produce, and 100% increased consumption of fresh produce.
Speakers
KW

Katie Wagner

Utah State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 11A

10:45am CDT

PGR - The effect of preharvest ethylene regulator treatments on ‘Ambrosia’ fruit drop and crack, maturity, quality and related
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
‘Ambrosia’ is an emerging apple cultivar recently introduced from British Columbia and knowledge of ripening and preharvest physiology is limited in the mid-Atlantic region. ‘Ambrosia’ must meet minimum quality and color marketability standards in the US though it requires a high temperature differential for full color development and has a short harvest period. Plant growth regulators, such as aminoethoxyvinylglicine (AVG) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), can alter preharvest fruit drop, maturity and quality by hindering ethylene biosynthesis and perception, respectively. AVG has historically been used at several rates by mid-Atlantic growers with variable cultivar specific impacts. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the effects of AVG and 1-MCP on preharvest fruit drop and crack, ethylene production, fruit physicochemical parameters, skin color, and transcript accumulation of ethylene and anthocyanin-related genes in 'Ambrosia' apples throughout on-the-tree ripening over two production seasons. Four treatments were established and applied based on manufacturer’s recommendations: full-rate AVG (Retain), half-rate AVG (Retain), 1-MCP (Harvista) and a control. Fruits were harvested at three maturity stages: 1 week before the anticipated commercial harvest (1WBCH), at the anticipated commercial harvest (CH), and one week after CH (CH 1). Our results showed that both AVG and 1-MCP treatments significantly reduced preharvest fruit drop and crack with respect to control fruit. While full-rate AVG treatment showed the most significant decrease in ethylene production and exhibited the greatest downregulation of ethylene biosynthesis and perception-related gene expression, it also negatively impacted red color and anthocyanin biosynthesis related gene expression and reached minimum 50% skin blush one week later than the other treatments. Half-rate AVG and 1-MCP treatments displayed an intermediate behavior between full-rate AVG and control fruit, delaying fruit maturity and the associated gene expression when compared to control, but without sacrificing skin blush development. This study contributes to understand how preharvest ethylene regulator treatments influence ‘Ambrosia’ apples grown under the mid-Atlantic environmental conditions.
Speakers
MF

Macarena Farcuh

University of Maryland
Co-authors
EJ

Emily Johnson

University of Maryland
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Growth Regulation
  • Subject Plant Growth Regulation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source State Horticultural Association of Pennsylvania and startup funds awarded to M.Farcuh, University of Maryland

10:45am CDT

POM 2 - Identifying Low-Chill Blackberry Cultivars for Optimal Performance in Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
The successful cultivation of blackberries in subtropical regions like Florida depends on selecting low-chill cultivars capable of withstanding high temperatures, disease pressure, and minimal chilling hours. This study evaluates the performance of 17 breeding lines alongside four commercial cultivars ('Freedom', 'Ponca', 'Horizon', and 'Osage') to determine their adaptability to Florida’s climate. The goal is to identify blackberry germplasm with the potential for high yields, good fruit quality, and post-harvest stability under these challenging conditions. Field trials were established in late June 2023 at the Citra Research Center, Central Florida, using three-month-old greenhouse-grown plants successfully transplanted into the field. Data collection focused on key production parameters, including total yield, single berry weight, and marketable fruit percentage. Fruit quality was assessed through pH, Brix, and organic acid composition (tartaric, citric, and malic acid). Subjective evaluations of firmness, flavor, and seed content were also conducted. Additionally, post-harvest performance was analyzed by monitoring decay, leakage, and red druplet reversion after seven days of cold storage at 5°C. Preliminary results indicate considerable variation among the evaluated cultivars. 'BLB', 'BLH', 'BLA', and 'Freedom' exhibited the highest yields, whereas 'BLG', 'BLP', and 'BLI' were among the lowest-yielding selections. Berry size ranged from 8.98 g in 'BLB' to 5.27 g in 'Osage'. Acidity levels varied significantly, with 'BLC' (pH 4.01) and 'BLJ' (pH 3.99) displaying the mildest flavor profiles, while 'BLP' (pH 3.60) and 'BLQ' (pH 3.62) exhibited higher acidity. Beyond fruit evaluations, plant vigor and structural characteristics were documented. Prior to last year’s harvest, primocane count and height were recorded, and this season, plants were rated based on vigor, overall health, and the proportion of green versus brown canes. Ongoing data analysis will further clarify cultivar performance in relation to plant growth and long-term productivity. This research provides valuable insights into selecting blackberry cultivars best suited for Florida’s subtropical environment. The findings will contribute to optimizing cultivar recommendations for growers looking to enhance yield, fruit quality, and marketability in sub-tropical climate production systems like Florida.
Speakers
NS

Nurjahan Sriti

University of Florida
Co-authors
GL

Guodong Liu

University of Florida
JW

Jeffrey Williamson

University of Florida
SS

Steven Sargent

University of Florida/IFAS
Professor and Extension Postharvest Specialist
ZD

Zhanao Deng

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Foster 1

10:45am CDT

VCM 4 - Standard Edamame Row Spacing Results in Greatest Yield but Increases Weed Growth
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] exhibits a promising opportunity for Indiana farmers. Its high nutritional value and nitrogen-fixing capabilities reduce input costs while benefiting crop rotation systems. The crop’s short duration facilitates sustainable practices like cover cropping. Research on edamame cultivation for Midwest local markets remains limited despite increasing sales and consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to explore potential cultivars suited for the fresh and direct consumer market and identify cultural and cultivation practices that minimize weed-crop competition here in Indiana. A field experiment was established at Meigs Horticulture Research Farm, Lafayette, Indiana, which evaluated three different row spacings (7 inch, 15 inch, and 30 inch) on growth and yield of six edamame cultivars (Chiba Green, Sayamusume, BeSweet 292, Midori Giant, Tohya, and Karikachi). This study was designed as an RCBD split-plot design with 4 replications, with different row spacings as main plots, and variety as the split-plot. Leaf area index (LAI), dry weight of weed, total pod count, pod count, and fresh weight of marketable and non-marketable pods were measured. All data were analyzed with R Studio. We hypothesized a) standard row spacing (30 inch) would improve edamame seed yield and productivity compared to narrow row spacings (7 and 15 inch); b) narrow row spacing would reduce the weed growth and density of common weed species compared to standard row spacing; c) standard row spacing may increase yield of edamame but would increase weed-crop competition. Our results from one year are in agreement with our hypotheses. Standard row spacing resulted in the greatest pod yield, but highest weed dry weight. Specifically, 30 inch row spacing produced significantly greater pod count (27) per plant compared to 7, and 15 inch row spacing (9 and 16 pods per plant, respectively). Also, 30 inch row spacing resulted in the greatest marketable pod count (23) per plant compared to 7 and 15 inch row spacing (6 and 12 pods per plant, respectively). 30 inch row spacing led to significantly greater weed dry weight (4.27 g) compared to 7 and 15 inch row spacing (1.01g and 2.81g, respectively). Lowest weed dry weight (1.01 g) at 7-inch row spacing suggests that narrow row spacing might help suppress weed growth. The greatest LAI was measured at 7-inch row spacing (5.26) compared to others (3.77 and 3 for 15 and 30 inch row spacing). BeSweet 292 performed better in terms of yield parameters compared to other varieties.
Speakers
MM

MD MOYEED HASAN TALUKDER

Purdue University
Co-authors
MB

Moriah Bilenky

Purdue University
Thursday July 31, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 4

11:00am CDT

CE 5 - Biofortification: Method to increase Vitamin C through foliar spray of Ascorbic acid in lettuce under Nutrient film (NFT
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Despite adequate caloric intake of food, developed nations are still struggling with the problem of “hidden hunger” due to overconsumption of nutrient-poor foods. Biofortification with vitamins and nutrients offers a solution to mitigate this issue by increasing nutrient and vitamin content in crops through different techniques such as agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology. This study investigates agronomic Vitamin C biofortification in lettuce through foliar sprays in two different hydroponics systems: Deep water (DW) and nutrient film technique (NFT). For this, replicated experiments were conducted. Seedlings were first grown to maturity in each system, then two days prior to harvest, foliar sprays of 200 and 400 ppm ascorbic acid (AsA) rate along with a control (DI water) were applied to each system. At harvest, plants were measured for fresh biomass, processed, and then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen prior to lyophilization. Certain samples remained fresh to determine persistence of Vitamin C at room and refrigerated temperatures (4C) at 24, 48, and 72 hrs. after harvest. Ascorbic acid (AsA) and total ascorbic acid (TAsA) content were measured for all samples. Overall, biomass was higher for DW grown lettuce compared to NFT. While biofortification rate did not affect DW grown lettuce, NFT biofortified lettuce treated with 200 ppm AsA had greater AsA and TAsA content. In the shelf-life study, AsA declined over time. Temperatures also affected AsA, where refrigerated lettuce treated with 400 ppm had greater TAsA content. These data show higher variability of AsA among the different hydroponics systems. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of foliar spray of ascorbic acid to enhance the Vitamin C content of lettuce grown in hydroponics system. The observed variability between different systems suggests that system-specific optimization is necessary to achieve the benefits of biofortification.
Speakers
AR

Abishkar Regmi

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas Tech University
Co-authors
AK

Arjun Kafle

Texas Tech University
CC

Carlos Carpio

Texas Tech University
NA
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
DR

Dario Rueda Kunz

Texas Tech University
LT

Leslie Thompson

Texas Tech University
NA
SS

Sukhbir Singh

Texas Tech University
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 12B

11:00am CDT

CHMG 1 - The Real Truth About Tech Savviness Among Extension Personnel and Volunteers
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
With an increasing dependence on technology for delivering volunteer training and client programs within Extension, it is essential to assess the tech savviness of both volunteers and paid personnel. Paid personnel often express frustration over volunteers’ lack of technological skill, while volunteer skills can also far surpass that of the personnel’s skill level. These situations can lead to mistrust and missed opportunities for both personnel and volunteers alike. To assess technology skills (tech savviness) among personnel and volunteers, a random sample (n=572) of Extension personnel (agents, staff, AmeriCorps members, and county coordinators) and volunteers (Extension Master Gardeners and 4-H volunteers) were asked to provide subjective assessment of their technology skills as well as that of their counterparts (i.e., volunteers self-assessed their program coordinators, while paid personnel assessed that of their volunteers). Respondents then completed a 10-question technology skills quiz for an objective measure of skills. Questions included keyboard shortcuts, trouble-shooting scenarios, use of computer and social media applications, as well as hardware and basic equipment set-up. Results confirmed that there is a significant difference between actual and perceived volunteer and personnel technology skills, though overall scores reflect a need for continued technology skill-development for both volunteers and personnel.
Speakers Co-authors
KH

Keri Hobbs

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 11A

11:00am CDT

PGR - Ethylene-Generating Compounds for Chemical Thinning: Comparative Evaluation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (AC
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Ethylene plays a significant role in flower and fruitlet abscission. The use of compounds that generate ethylene for chemical thinning of fruit trees has been in the focus of research for decades. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a naturally occurring precursor to ethylene and has recently been registered as a chemical thinner in the US and elsewhere for stone fruit and apple. Ethephon has also been evaluated for chemical thinning of peaches but phytotoxicity and inconsistency in efficacy has hindered its commercial use. With the recent registration of ACC for chemical thinning of peaches, questions arose if similar efficacy can be achieved with the use of ethephon. The objective of the study reported here was to compare thinning efficacy and phytotoxicity of ACC (300 mg/L) and ethephon (428 mg/L; molar equivalent to 300 mg/L ACC) when used in peaches. A field experiment was conducted in Red Top peach variety in Oregon where the two compounds were sprayed to different set of trees every day from pink bud to petal fall to evaluate the effect of daily weather conditions on flower abscission. Phytotoxicty was also recorded in the experiment. ACC and ethephon showed similar thinning pattern throughout the flowering time. While no phytotoxicity was observed for ACC, severe leaf drop and gummosis occurred in the ethephon treatments. The presentation will discuss the potential reasons for the efficacy and difference in level of phytotoxicity between the two compounds.
Speakers
JR

Jozsef Racsko

Valent USA
Co-authors
PF

Poliana Francescatto

Valent BioSciences
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Foster 2

11:00am CDT

POM 2 - Cold Hardiness of Apple Scions and Rootstocks
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
The current understanding of apple stem cold hardiness is very broad- there are certain cultivars generally accepted to be cold hardy or tender. There has been no comprehensive study of cold hardiness of apples at multiple timepoints over multiple years. In this study, cold hardiness was evaluated for 21 rootstock and 23 scion genotypes monthly throughout the dormant season over 4 years. Cold hardiness was measured using the electrolyte leakage method and the temperature at which 25% tissue damage occurs (LT25) was used as the cold hardiness phenotype. The four study winters varied drastically in intensity and had a significant effect on genotype cold hardiness. Contrasting phenotypic responses in cold versus mild winters demonstrated clear environmentally driven differences between inferior and superior genotypes. Another major finding from the study is the rapid deacclimation of rootstocks compared to scions in late winter/early spring- we observed that differences in mean hardiness between groups exceeded 6 °C in some years. Overall, this study represents the largest apple cold hardiness experiment to date in terms of cultivars used and timepoints examined, resulting in both novel implications for how grafted apples navigate cold hardiness during dormancy and which cultivars are best suited for unusual but increasingly common winter conditions.
Speakers
KB

Kenneth Buck

Cornell University
Co-authors
HM

Hanna Martens

Cornell University
NA
JL

Jason Londo

Cornell University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Pomology 2

11:00am CDT

VCM 4 - Utilizing Biodegradable Mulch Derived from Low-Grade Cotton for Sustainable Jalapeño Pepper Production in Texas
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Plastic mulches are widely used in U.S. vegetable production to cut costs and improve efficiency. However, polyethylene, the principal ingredient of plastic mulches, is a poorly degradable material causing significant pollution. Biodegradable mulches, especially those made from local waste materials such as low-grade cotton, offer a sustainable alternative by reducing pollution, enhancing soil health, and supporting circular economy principles. This study aims to evaluate two different types of low-grade cotton mulches in comparison to commercially available plastic and biodegradable plastic mulches in Jalapeño pepper production. Five mulch treatments, including a no-mulch control, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The assessment focuses on mulch decomposition, plant biomass, crop yield, and weed suppression.
Speakers
EC

Ethan Carter

Texas Tech University
Co-authors
RS

Rupinder Saini

Texas Tech University
SR

Seshadri Ramkumar

Texas Tech University
NA
SS

Sukhbir Singh

Texas Tech University
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 11B

11:00am CDT

Paradigm Shift in Scholarly Publishing
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Speakers
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Hort Theater

11:15am CDT

CE 5 - A Calcium-Mobilizing Biostimulant Prevents Tipburn in Greenhouse Hydroponic Lettuce ‘Rex’ as an Alternative to Vertical
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) tipburn is a calcium-related physiological disorder that affects enclosed young leaves, leading to browning, necrosis, and curling of leaf margins and reduced marketability. While greenhouse vertical airflow fans (VAFs) have been proven effective at controlling tipburn, they have not been widely adopted due to cumbersome installation, sunlight obstruction, and electricity consumption. Recent research showed that a calcium-mobilizing biostimulant, when added to the nutrient solution, mitigated tipburn in greenhouse hydroponic lettuce by enhancing calcium mobility. However, how it compared to VAFs was unknown. We investigated the effects of this biostimulant and VAFs on lettuce tipburn and growth in a greenhouse hydroponic system during summer. Seedlings of lettuce ‘Rex’ were propagated indoors and, on day 14, transplanted into deep-water-culture trays in a climate-controlled greenhouse. In a split-plot randomized complete block design with two blocks, plants were subject to six treatments per block: three biostimulant concentrations (0, 0.25, and 0.5 mL⋅L–1) with and without VAFs promoting vertical airflow at ≈1 m⋅s–1. Plants were sampled on 14, 21, and 28 days after transplant (DAT). Compared to plants without the biostimulant or VAFs that progressively exhibited severe tipburn, plants with either the biostimulant (at 0.5 mL⋅L–1) or VAFs had similar tipburn reduction and shoot fresh mass on 21 and 28 DAT. Without VAFs, increasing the biostimulant concentration from 0 to 0.5 mL⋅L–1 reduced the tipburn rating and the number of tipburn-affected leaves by 96% and 94%, respectively, on 21 DAT and by 75% and 71%, respectively, on 28 DAT. Compared to no VAFs, VAFs eliminated or minimized tipburn throughout, regardless of the biostimulant. Increasing the biostimulant concentration from 0 to 0.25 mL⋅L–1 did not affect shoot fresh mass, whereas increasing it from 0 to 0.5 mL⋅L–1 decreased it by 26% to 32% on 14 and 21 DAT. Compared to no VAFs, VAFs generally did not affect plant growth, except that they decreased shoot fresh mass and total leaf number by 25% and 11% at the biostimulant concentration of 0.5 mL⋅L–1 on 21 DAT. However, neither the biostimulant at any concentration nor VAFs affected shoot fresh mass on 28 DAT. We conclude that the calcium-mobilizing biostimulant is as effective as VAFs at tipburn control of hydroponic lettuce in summer greenhouse environments where VAFs may be undesirable, and that the biostimulant mitigates tipburn without incurring any yield penalty at final harvest.
Speakers
avatar for Moein Moosavi

Moein Moosavi

PhD student, NC State University
Moein Moosavi-Nezhad is a Ph.D. student in the Horticultural Sciences department at NC State University, working in the Controlled-Environment Agriculture Lab under Ricardo Hernandez. He started working in CEA in 2016 at the University of Tehran focusing on plant-light interactions... Read More →
Co-authors
QM

Qingwu Meng

University of Delaware
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 5
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Urban, Indoor, and Emerging Agriculture Program (project award no. 2023-70019-39371) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy.

11:15am CDT

CHMG 1 - What motivates people to become an Extension Master Gardener, and what inspires them to remain?
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Why do people pay a significant amount of money to take 50 hours of coursework and give 50 hours of volunteer service to become a certified Extension Master Gardener (EMG)? What is the incentive to remain an EMG? Why do they volunteer for Extension instead of a local hospital or other community organizations? This study answered these questions to enhance Extension educator training on volunteer management and engagement, recruitment, and retention of EMGs. The EMG program director and program manager partnered with a family and consumer science specialist and staff to co-develop the study and collect data. Six focus group interviews with EMGs (n=26) and eight focus group interviews with Extension EMG county coordinators (n=15) were conducted and recorded via Zoom in November 2024. The comments obtained in the focus group sessions were transcribed and coded into themes in each of the combined groups interviewed. Focus group comments revealed information that needed to be and could be addressed immediately. This led to four technical reports containing recommendations for program improvement in recruitment and retention of EMGs directed to Extension administration, the EMG program director and manager, Extension EMG coordinators, and EMGs. In addition, data will be used to formulate questions for a survey to be administered to EMGs in the fall of 2025. In this session, you will learn about the research study, the focus group data collection process, results and recommendations for program improvement, and the necessary steps to continue developing this knowledge.
Speakers
avatar for Pam Bennett

Pam Bennett

State Master Gardener Program Director, Professor, Ohio State University
Co-authors
AA

Anita Armstrong

Ohio State University
NA
JB

James Bates

Ohio State University
NA
JA

Jennifer Andon

Ohio State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 11A

11:15am CDT

PGR - Quantifying the Effects of Prohexadione-calcium Foliar Spray and Substrate Drench Applications on Perennial Ornamental G
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Our objective was to quantify prohexadione-calcium foliar spray or substrate drench applications to control growth of two perennial ornamental grass taxa. On 6 June 2024, 38-cell liner trays (126-mL individual cell volume) of Andropogon gerardii ‘Red October’ and Miscanthus sinensis ‘Fire Dragon’ were received from a commercial propagator. Liners were transplanted with one plant per 19.7-cm-diameter container (1.7 L volume) filled with a commercially available bark-based substrate comprised of (by vol.) 56.5% aged pine bark, 34.8% Canadian sphagnum peatmoss, and 8.7% perlite, dolomitic limestone, a nutrient starter charge, and a wetting agent. Plants were grown at bench-level in a glass-glazed greenhouse under supplemental and day-extension lighting provided by 1000-W light-emitting diode lamps from 0600 to 2200 HR (16-h photoperiod) with an air temperature set point of 20 °C. At 7 d after transplant, 10 single-plant replicates of each taxa were treated with a solution containing prohexadione-calcium and a water conditioning agent. Plants received either a foliar spray (vol. 0.2 L·m–2) solution containing deionized water (0 mg·L–1; untreated) or 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 2,000 mg·L–1 prohexadione-calcium or a substrate drench of 296-mL aliquots of solution containing 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg·L–1 prohexadione-calcium. At eight weeks after treatment, plant height, plant diameter, and shoot dry weight (SDW) were determined for all plants, and root dry weights (RDW) were determined for a sub-sample (n = 5) of each taxa from each substrate drench treatment. Foliar spray applications of 125 to 2,000 mg·L–1 prohexadione-calcium did not affect growth of either perennial ornamental grass taxa. Substrate drenches were effective in controlling growth of each perennial ornamental grass taxa although the magnitude of response varied among taxa. For example, compared to untreated plants, plant height, plant diameter, SDW, and RDW of ‘Red October’ Andropogon drenched with 125 to 1,000 mg·L–1 prohexadione-calcium decreased by 20% to 57% (19.7 to 55.9 cm), 0% to 43% (7.8 to 33.4 cm), 3.6 to 28.9 g (10% to 81%), and 10.4 to 28.5 g (27% to 74%), respectively. This research demonstrated substrate drench applications of prohexadione-calcium to be effective for controlling growth, while further research is warranted to determine optimal concentrations for foliar spray applications. We suggest substrate drench applications of 125 to 500 mg·L–1 prohexadione-calcium as an initial range for trials to control growth of ornamental perennial grasses.
Speakers
avatar for Garrett Owen

Garrett Owen

Extension Specialist and Assistant Professor of Sustainable Greenhouse & Nursery Systems, The Ohio State University
Dr. W. Garrett Owen is Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist of Sustainable Greenhouse and Nursery Production Systems with primary responsibilities in teaching (20%), research (30%), and Extension (50%) in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science at The Ohio State University... Read More →
Co-authors
LW

Lark Wuetcher

The Ohio State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Growth Regulation
  • Subject Plant Growth Regulation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source We thank Fine Americas, Inc. for the plant growth regulator and financial support; Sun Gro Horticulture for soilless substrate; and J.R. Peters, Inc. for fertilizer.

11:15am CDT

POM 2 - ‘King’ Florets of an Apple Cyme Freeze at Higher Temperatures Than Lateral Florets Prior to Visible Changes in Bud Pheno
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Cold hardiness and dormancy are critical physiological adaptations enabling woody perennials to endure low temperatures in winter and initiate growth in spring. Hardiness in apple (Malus domestica) is genotype dependent, however maximum hardiness level gained by the buds is strongly regulated by environment. Understanding the relationship between dormancy progression and cold hardiness is essential for predicting plant responses to winter and spring freeze events, as well as optimizing breeding efforts for resilience and orchard decisions for frost management. Information on hardiness mechanism is becoming more crucial given the impact of global climate change in apple growing regions where earlier bloom dates have inherently greater risk of crop loss due to episodic spring frost events. The existing lethal temperature chart for apple floral buds is limited to the visible development stages and lacks critical temperature thresholds for the freeze resistance of floral buds during their transition out of ecodormancy. Further, there is no information distinguishing positional effects of individual florets of the apple cyme inflorescence with respect to their hardiness status. Because the ‘King’ floret is developmentally advanced compared to laterals and has the highest fruit growth and economic potential, the development of lethal temperature limits to inform its protection seems prudent. Thus, we evaluated the difference in LT50 between ‘King’ and ‘Lateral’ florets in ‘Gala’ on ‘Bud9’ rootstock during the transition phase from ecodormacy to growth resumption in 2022 and 2023. Our results demonstrated that cold hardiness is lost at early stages of, or transitions out of, ecodormancy; notably, this occurs prior to visible changes in bud phenology. Moreover, the ‘King’ florets are markedly less hardy than the ‘Laterals’ by approximately 6°C. The magnitude of difference in lethal temperatures between ‘King’ and ‘Lateral’ florets differed between years but remained significant. Increasing susceptibility to freeze mortality at higher temperatures was commensurate with an increase in the relative water content (RWC) of the buds and a marked decrease in sorbitol and sucrose concentration. In both years, an RWC of approximately 60% coincided with the visible green stage of bud burst. Our data indicate that decreasing sorbitol concentration can act as a potential biochemical marker for cold hardiness loss and inform protection measures of the ‘King’ fruit. Further study incorporating multiple commercially important apple cultivars will be beneficial in understanding the cold hardiness in apples.
Speakers
SS

Sangeeta Sapkota

Michigan State University
NA
Co-authors
TE

Todd Einhorn

Michigan State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Pomology 2
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Martin and Judith Bukovac Professorship in Tree Fruit Physiology Endowment

11:15am CDT

VCM 4 - Effects of Soil Solarization on Weed Management and Lettuce Yield in Kentucky and Tennessee High Tunnels
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
High tunnel production is increasingly important on small, diversified farms with more than 1,700 and 700 high tunnels (HTs) in Kentucky and Tennessee, respectively. Weed management in HTs is more challenging than open field production and there are limited options. Soil solarization is one alternative; it heats moist soil to high temperatures by trapping solar radiation under transparent plastic tarps. Heating soil to at least 40°C is beneficial for managing soil-related issues, such as reducing the weed seedbank. Soil solarization was conducted in April, July, and September 2024 in Kentucky and Tennessee in open and closed HTs to assess whether growers could solarize individual beds. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of solarization on soil temperatures, weed biomass and emergence, and lettuce yield. Treatments included 2-week (Sol-2wk) and 4-week (Sol-4wk) solarization and a nonsolarized control (NS). Data loggers recorded soil temperatures hourly. Soil in closed HTs accumulated more hours >40°C versus open HTs. The most hours over 40°C occurred in July, followed by September then April, with more hours in Tennessee than Kentucky. In Kentucky, after April solarization, there was less weed biomass in Sol-4wk compared to NS in the closed HT and less weed emergence in Sol-2wk and Sol-4wk compared to NS. There were no differences in lettuce yield. After July solarization, there was less weed biomass in Sol-2wk and Sol-4wk in the closed HT compared to NS, but no differences among treatments for weed emergence. Lettuce yield was higher in Sol-2wk and Sol-4wk compared to NS regardless of HT. There were no differences in weed biomass or weed emergence in September. Lettuce yield in Sol-4wk was higher than NS regardless of HT. In Tennessee after April solarization, there was less weed emergence in Sol-4wk in the closed HT compared to Sol-2wk and NS. Lettuce yield was higher in Sol-2wk and Sol-4wk compared to NS in the closed HT. In July, there was less weed biomass in Sol-2wk and Sol-4wk in the open HT compared to NS. Lettuce yield in Sol-4wk was higher compared to NS regardless of HT. In July and September, there was less weed emergence in Sol-2wk and Sol-4wk compared to NS regardless of HT. There were no differences in lettuce yield in September. Overall, soil solarization in July in both locations reduced weeds and increased lettuce yields. Results were mixed in April and September. The experiment will be repeated in 2025.
Speakers
PL

Paula Luize Lessmann

University of Kentucky
Co-authors
AW

Annette Wszelaki

University of Tennessee
NA
BK

Brooke Keadle Emery

University of Tennessee
NA
RR

Rachel Rudolph

University of Kentucky
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 4

11:30am CDT

CE 5 - Beneficial Bacterial Endophytes Promoted Growth of Bok Choy in Hydroponic Systems
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Controlled environment agriculture will play an important role in feeding the increasing world population as urbanization is expanding, and arable land is decreasing. Higher yields will help offset the initial high cost for building hydroponic production facilities. Beneficial bacterial endophytes have been receiving more attention in sustainable agriculture practices because they can promote plant growth, enhance nutrient uptake, and inhibit pathogen growth. Bok Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is a cruciferous vegetable that's often used in Asian cooking. It is a nutrient-dense vegetable high in fiber, vitamins A, C, K, calcium and vitamin B6. The entire Bok Choy plant is edible, including the leaves, stalks, and flowers. Initially, seven bacterial endophytes from our bacterial endophyte library were chosen to test plant growth promotion in two Bok Choy cultivars (Wan Wan Qing and White Stem) in pots with clay pebble under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed that bacterial endophytes (IALR1786 and IALR1368) significantly increased shoot fresh weight of cv. White Stem by 26.9% and 20.8%, respectively. Bacterial endophytes (IALR1368, IALR1629, IALR1422 and IALR1786) significantly increased shoot fresh weight of cv. Wan Wan Qing by 44.7%, 34.3%, 26.1%, and 22.0%, respectively. Then, the 3 best bacterial endophytes (IALR1368, IALR1629, and IALR1786) were chosen to further test in pots with clay pebble, as well as in nutrient film technique (NFT) units. In pots with clay pebble, IALR1629 increased shoot fresh weight of cv. White Stem by 13.5% but not significantly. IALR1786 significantly increased root fresh weight of cv. White Stem by 25.9%. Similar results were obtained in cv. Wan Wan Qing. In NFT units, IALR1786 significantly increased shoot fresh weight and root dry weight of cv. White Stem by 23.3% and 33.3%, respectively. All 3 bacterial endophytes significantly increased shoot fresh weight of cv. Wan Wan Qing by from 19.1% to 41.8%. IALR1786 also significantly enhanced root dry weight of cv. Wan Wan Qing by 30.8%. These bacterial endophytes will be identified using 16S sequencing and tested with other cultivars. In Summary, IALR1786 performs best and consistently achieves growth promotion in two different cultivars under different conditions.
Speakers
CM

Chuansheng Mei

Institute for Advanced Learning and Research
Co-authors
RC

Robert Chretien

Institute for Advanced Learning and Research
NA
SL

Scott Lowman

Institute for Advanced Learning and Research
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 12B

11:30am CDT

CHMG 1 - Accelerated Composting Of Kitchen Scraps Used In Horticultural Substrates
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Residential food scraps accounts as a major landfill product that is responsible for 40% of kitchen waste. Reducing these waste products is a goal of EPA by 2030. The objective of this study is to use an accelerated home food scrap composter to encourage residents to reduce waste volume and weight and provide garden compost to produce garden produce and flowers. Two accelerated composters (Lomi and Vego) were evaluated both for their compost soil health, physical and chemical properties after processing kitchen scraps (apples, bread, chicken, coffee, milk, and Irish potatoes). Lomi processed food for 24h only and the Vego composter for 1, 5, and 10 days. Compost volume and weight increased as days of composting increased. Compost health, nutrients, pH, C/N Ratio were suitable for a horticultural growing amendment. Physical components were within normal parameters for a soil substrate. Finer particles were increased with greater days of composting as expected. Plant growth, SPAD readings showed an increase with 5- and 10-days composting. Compost incorporated at 10 % v/v increased petunia biomass. Accelerated composters reduced volume and weight of food scrapes while providing essential plant nutrients.
Speakers
WD

William Dunford

Louisiana State University
NA
Co-authors
AH

Alessandro Holzapfel

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
EB

Edward Bush

LSU AgCenter
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardeners 1

11:30am CDT

PGR - Evaluating the Impact of Foliar Indole-3-butyric Acid on the Adventitious Rooting of Ornamental Woody Nursery Taxa
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
The propagation of ornamental woody nursery liners (young plants) is primarily through stem cuttings to maintain genotypic and phenotypic uniformity. The application of rooting hormones is common practice in stem cutting propagation to hasten, promote uniformity, and enhance the quality of adventitious rooting. Rooting hormones are traditionally applied by dipping cuttings into solutions or powders. However, these methods increase labor costs, cutting stress, and opportunities for contamination. Foliar applications of rooting hormones would improve production efficiency, reduce cutting contamination and stress, and allow for multiple hormone applications after sticking. Thus, there is a critical need to identify the optimal rates of foliar rooting hormones to improve and maximize adventitious rooting in woody nursery taxa. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the impact of foliar rooting hormones on root growth and development of ornamental woody nursery cuttings. Unrooted stem cuttings of four ornamental nursery taxa were obtained from commercial nurseries and individually inserted into 6.4-cm diameter containers filled with a propagation substrate. Cuttings were placed in a diffused glass-glazed greenhouse under a propagation environment of fixed 4-mil clear construction film. The greenhouse was set at 20 °C air temperature, 80% relative humidity, and ambient daylight supplemented with ≈120 µmol·m–2·s–1 delivered from light-emitting diode arrays from 0600 to 2200 hr. At 1 d after sticking, cuttings were sprayed with a solution containing clear tap water and 0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 3,000, or 6,000 mg·L–1 20% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at a volume of 1.89 L·m–2. After 42 d, data was collected including callusing and rooting percentage, stem length and caliper, leaf area, and shoot and root dry mass. In general, increasing IBA foliar application concentration improved rooting success and uniformity to different magnitudes among species. For example, rooting percentage of Chamaecyparis increased by 67% as foliar IBA concentrations increased from 0 to 6,000 mg·L–1 IBA. The results of this study determined the optimal rates of foliar IBA application across an array of woody taxa to hasten adventitious rooting and improve quality for ornamental woody nursery liner production.
Speakers
OL

Olivia Liebing

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
GO

Garrett Owen

The Ohio State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Growth Regulation
  • Subject Plant Growth Regulation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source The Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences - New Investigators Grant; USDA Agricultural Research Service - Floriculture & Nursery Research Initiative 5082-21000-001105S

11:30am CDT

POM 2 - Dissecting Frost Tolerance in Apple: Rootstock Effects on Gene Networks and Metabolite Profiles
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Late spring frosts pose a recurrent threat to apple production, particularly under climate change scenarios that promote earlier bloom and heightened exposure to frost events. Recent evidence from our investigations on different apple-rootstock combinations suggested that rootstock genotype may influence scion resilience to frost, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Field trials were conducted from 2021–2023 on 12-year-old ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ trees grafted onto ten rootstocks, including ‘B.9’ and ‘M.26’, representing extremes of frost tolerance. Following three naturally occurring frost events, we have shown that ‘B.9’ rootstock consistently conferred lower bud mortality relative to ‘M.26’, independent of bloom timing. To dissect the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the differential responses of these scion-rootstock combinations to frost, tissue-specific RNA-Seq analysis and untargeted metabolic profiling were conducted on floral buds, scion leaves, and rootstock sucker leaves from ‘Gala’-grafted trees. Samples were collected 12 h before and 6 h after the 2021 frost. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify frost-responsive modules, and hub genes were validated via qRT-PCR in both ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’. Transcriptomic analyses revealed extensive gene regulation following frost exposure, including over 10,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). WGCNA identified three frost-correlated gene modules. Key hub genes were implicated in cold acclimation, ABA signaling, and cellular stress tolerance. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses highlighted significant representation of pathways associated with ABA response, cold response, and water deprivation stress. Metabolomic profiling of different tissues and genotypes further supported the transcriptomic findings and provided metabolic signatures associated with the identified gene networks. This work establishes a foundation for integrative omics approaches to dissect physiological cold tolerance mechanisms in apples and guides rootstock selection and germplasm improvement strategies.
Speakers
avatar for Sherif M. Sherif

Sherif M. Sherif

Associate Professor, Virginia Tech
Dr. Sherif M. Sherif is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech, where he channels his fervent zeal for life sciences and educational outreach into his specialization in tree fruit physiology and molecular biology. His career is defined by a dedication to overcoming the biological... Read More →
Co-authors
AK

Amolpreet Kaur Saini

Viginia Tech
NA
CW

Clay Wright

Viginia Tech
NA
KJ

Khalil Jahed

Virginia Tech
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Pomology 2
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source 2022-67013-36293

11:30am CDT

VCM 4 - Evaluating the USDA Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) diversity panel and its potential as a cover crop in organic pro
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) is a short-lived legume native to the deserts and semi-arid regions of Northwestern Mexico and the Southwestern United States. It is resilient and adaptable to high temperatures and drought stress, ideally suited as a low-input organic cover crop in southern Texas. Tepary beans are prized for their nitrogen-fixing potential and high nutritional value. We explored the effectiveness of tepary beans and common summer legume cover crops, such as cowpea and Sunn hemp, on the productivity of subsequent vegetable crops like spinach. Additionally, we evaluated 207 USDA-GRIN undomesticated tepary bean accessions under organic production systems to assess their seed nutritional profiles. Preliminary findings indicated that spinach grown following tepary beans as a cover crop significantly enhanced biomass and exhibited nitrogen use efficiencies comparable to Sunn hemp and cowpeas. The amino acid profiles of the seeds and the total protein content across tepary bean accessions displayed significant variability. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of seed nutritional and physiological traits using SNPs obtained through GBS. The candidate genes and loci associated with these traits could advance breeding efforts to enhance nutritional value. The study's outcomes would help affirm the potential of tepary beans as a promising summer cover crop, identifying high-value accessions with superior yield and nutritional qualities to facilitate the development of improved cultivars through introgression breeding.
Speakers Co-authors
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 4
  • Subject Vegetable Crops Management
  • Funding Source Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA); Specialty Crop Block Grant GSC2023039; Southern Region SARE 2024 Granduate Student Grant

11:45am CDT

CE 5 - Cooling Potential of Ornamental Vines Under Different Irrigation Regimes for Urban Heat Mitigation
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Rising global temperatures are contributing to increased Urban heating affecting human well-being and ecosystems. Vegetation can help mitigate heat by providing shade and evaporative cooling. This study evaluates the cooling potential of two ornamental vines, Vitis × californica × vinifera ‘Rogers Red’ and Lonicera x heckrottii ‘Goldflame’ (goldflame honeysuckle), grown under different volumetric water content (VWC) regimes. The vines were grown on trellises in a greenhouse setting, with substrate VWC maintained at 0.15, 0.25, or 0.35 m³·m⁻³ for two months. A total of 12 vines per species were grown using an automated irrigation system. Canopy and background temperatures were measured using a FLIR thermal camera. Results showed that water stress impaired canopy growth in Rogers Red, whereas no significant effect was observed in the honeysuckle. In Rogers Red, lower VWC (0.15 m³·m⁻³) reduced leaf number, specific leaf area, and dry biomass, while honeysuckle exhibited consistent growth across all treatments. SPAD, NDVI, photosynthetic rate, and net assimilation rate did not differ significantly across treatments for either species. The higher cooling potential of Rogers Red compared to honeysuckle was attributed to its larger leaf size. Both vines demonstrated evaporative cooling potential, as indicated by lower canopy temperatures relative to the background temperature. However, Rogers Red exhibited significantly greater cooling potential at 0.35 m³·m⁻³ VWC, whereas honeysuckle maintained a similar cooling effect across all treatments due to its similar canopy area. These findings suggest that ornamental vines can provide cooling benefits however species selection can make a difference. Incorporating vine covers in urban areas can help in mitigating urban heat as cities continue to warm due to climate change.
Speakers
avatar for Saroj Burlakoti

Saroj Burlakoti

Utah State University
Co-authors
SP

Shital Poudyal

Utah State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

11:45am CDT

CHMG 1 - Therapeutic Horticulture Learning in Action: An Update from NC State
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
The NC State Extension Gardener - North Carolina Botanical Garden Online Therapeutic Horticulture course partnership has demonstrably achieved significant success in expanding access to affordable, comprehensive training in the field. Since its 2020 inception, this collaboration has successfully introduced over 600 students residing in 45 U.S. states and 19 countries to the practice, establishing itself as a pivotal resource for individuals seeking to integrate nature-based interventions into therapeutic practices. The program's curriculum is thoughtfully designed to guide participants along a continuum, fostering growth from initial interest in the benefits of human-plant interaction to the development of practical proficiency in therapeutic horticulture techniques and program management. A key element of the course's success lies in its robust and adaptable online format, which effectively transcends geographical barriers and accommodates diverse learning styles and schedules. The comprehensive training encompasses foundational horticultural knowledge, an in-depth exploration of the theoretical underpinnings of therapeutic horticulture, and practical strategies for designing and implementing effective plant-based activities tailored to various populations and therapeutic goals. Furthermore, the partnership leverages the combined expertise of experienced professionals, ensuring a well-rounded and evidence-based educational experience. The substantial enrollment figures and broad geographical reach underscore the growing recognition of therapeutic horticulture as a valuable intervention within healthcare, education, and community-based settings. By equipping individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills, this online program is actively contributing to the expansion of qualified practitioners and the wider adoption of therapeutic horticulture practices globally. The positive impact is evidenced not only by the number of students served but also by the anecdotal reports of graduates successfully applying their training to enhance well-being and facilitate positive change in their respective communities. The continued growth and influence of this partnership highlight the transformative potential of accessible and high-quality online education in this increasingly vital field.
Speakers
avatar for Amy Bruzzichesi

Amy Bruzzichesi

NC State University
Amy Bruzzichesi, MSW, HTR is a therapeutic horticulturist, horticultural therapist, and career social worker with a background in elder care, medical social work, and the nonprofit world. Amy is part of NC Cooperative Extension as the Therapeutic Horticulture Program Manager, sustaining... Read More →
Co-authors
AZ

Alta Zhang

NC State University
NA
EW

Emilee Weaver

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
NA
JL

Joanna Lelekacs

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
NA
LB

Lucy Bradley

NC State University
SH

Sally Haskett

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
NA
ST

Sarah Tanke

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardeners 1

11:45am CDT

PGR - Night Interruption UV-A Radiation Influences Plant Architecture and Biomass Accumulation of Potted Spearmint and Greek O
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
A high-quality containerized culinary herb is one that is proportional to its container with a compact growth habit and stems or leaves that are not excessively elongated. However, chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs) used to modify plant growth, increase branching, or reduce stem elongation are not labeled for use on culinary herbs. A novel option for reducing stem elongation could be exposure to night-interruption (NI) ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Therefore, our objectives were to 1) quantify the influence of UV-A radiation on the growth, stem elongation, and relative chlorophyll concentration of containerized spearmint (Mentha spicata) and Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare var. hirtum) and 2) determine the most effective duration and sequence of exposure. Rooted cuttings were transplanted into 15-cm containers and placed in a greenhouse at 23 °C and under a 16-h long-day (LD) provided by LED supplemental lighting (SL) or under a 9-h short-day (SD) and 6-h of NI lighting providing 385 nm of UV-A radiation at an intensity of 20 µmol∙m–2∙s–1 for 4 weeks. The 10 treatments included: LD entire time, LD 2 week-UV 2 weeks, LD 1.5 weeks-UV 2.5 weeks, LD 2 weeks-UV 2 weeks, LD 2 week-UV 1 weeks-LD 1 week, UV entire time, UV 2 weeks-LD 2 weeks, UV 2.5 weeks-LD 1.5 weeks, UV 2 weeks-LD 2 weeks, or UV 2 week-LD 1 week-UV 1 week. Exposure to SD UV-A NI for 4 weeks, resulted in a ≈ 25 and 29% reduction in height of Greek oregano and spearmint, respectively. Furthermore, when LDs were the last treatment spearmint plants received, they had a higher chlorophyll content than those exposed to UV-A. Our results indicate that UV-A NI lighting for spearmint and Greek oregano may be an option for height control in controlled environments.
Speakers
RE

Rose Elbert

Michigan State University
Co-authors
RL

Roberto Lopez

Michigan State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Growth Regulation
  • Subject Plant Growth Regulation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA SCRI
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

11:45am CDT

VCM 4 - Mitigating Beet Curly Top Virus in Tomatoes Without Compromising Yield or Quality: Effects of Shade Cover and Irrigation
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
In this 2023 undercover tomato study conducted at the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center in Los Lunas, New Mexico, treatments included two tomato cultivars, ‘Big Beef Plus’ (indeterminate, hybrid) and ‘San Marzano II’ (indeterminate, heirloom), grown under three types of shade cloth: 1) white 15% shade, 2) white 50% shade, and 3) black 60% shade. Unshaded plants of both cultivars served as controls. Two irrigation methods were also evaluated: drip irrigation and furrow flood irrigation, each applied to half of the plots. Dependent variables included mortality rates attributed to confirmed beet curly top virus (BCTV) infection, as well as plant size, yield, and fruit quality indicators such as the percentage of fruit exhibiting blossom end rot. Preliminary data indicate expected cultivar differences in yield and susceptibility to blossom end rot. Shade treatment and irrigation method appeared to influence blossom end rot incidence, although the effects varied between cultivars. The protective effect of shade cover was pronounced. By July, 79% of the surviving, uncovered control plants tested positive for BCTV; assuming that untested deceased plants were also infected, this rate rises to 89%. In contrast, among the shaded treatments (white 15% shade, white 50% shade, and black 60% shade), 25%, 25%, and 9% of the surviving plants tested positive for BCTV, respectively, with only one untested deceased plant. These findings suggest that the shade cover, wrapped around the tomato cages, effectively limited exposure to the only known vector of BCTV. The plot thickens, however, as some shaded plants that tested positive for BCTV in July still produced over 21.9 kg of fruit per plant before the first frost in late October. These preliminary findings underscore the potential of shade structures as a viable cultural practice for mitigating BCTV impact and warrant more comprehensive investigation.
Speakers
MT

Marisa Thompson

New Mexico State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 4
  • Subject Vegetable Crops Management
  • Funding Source “This work is supported by the Crop Protection and Pest Management Program (grant no. 2021-70006-35765) from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.”

11:59am CDT

Undergraduate Student Oral Competition - 2
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:59am - 12:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 11:59am - 12:00pm CDT
Foster 1

12:00pm CDT

CE 5 - Post-Transplant CO2 Enrichment Increases Lettuce Biomass Irrespective of Pre-Transplant CO2 Enrichment
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Indoor vertical farms can provide local, fresh, and nutritious food to densely populated urban regions as an alternative approach to food production. They enable growers to precisely adjust cardinal environmental factors, including CO2, per crop requirements to enhance growth and nutritional quality. As the substrate of photosynthesis, CO2 enrichment can enhance crop growth; however, how crops respond to sequential CO2 changes is not yet well understood. In a randomized complete block design, we studied how pre- and/or post-transplant CO2 concentration influenced lettuce growth. Lettuce ‘Rex’ and ‘Rouxai’ were grown from seed in four growth chambers with CO2 concentrations set randomly at 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 µmol·mol−1, under the same photoperiod of 24 h, photosynthetic photon flux density of 180 µmol·m−2·s−1 (blue:green:red = 20:40:120), temperature of 22 °C, and relative humidity of 60%. On day 11, biomass and morphological data on seedlings were collected while three additional uniform seedlings per chamber per cultivar were transplanted in hydroponic units in each of the four growth chambers, creating 16 sequential CO2 treatments. On day 28, biomass and morphological data were collected on mature plants. Preliminary data showed that pre-transplant CO2 enrichment from 400 to 1600 µmol·mol−1 increased seedling shoot fresh and dry mass of ‘Rex’ by 53% and 37%, respectively. In contrast, pre-transplant CO2 enrichment from 400 to 1200 µmol·mol−1 maximally increased shoot fresh and dry mass of ‘Rouxai’ by 81% and 122%, respectively. In mature plants, pre-transplant CO2 enrichment did not influence final ‘Rex’ biomass. In contrast, pre-transplant CO2 enrichment from 400 to 1200 µmol·mol−1 increased final shoot fresh mass of ‘Rouxai’ by 25%, whereas enrichment from 400 to 800 µmol·mol−1 saturated the increase in final shoot dry mass by 22%. Post-transplant CO2 enrichment had greater influence on final biomass of both cultivars than pre-transplant CO2 enrichment. Post-transplant CO2 enrichment from 400 to 1200 µmol·mol−1 saturated the increase in final biomass by 22% to 32% in ‘Rex’ and by 58% to 60% in ‘Rouxai’. Final leaf number, length, and coloration were generally unaffected by pre- or post-transplant CO2 enrichment. In all cases, there was no interaction between pre- and post-transplant CO2 concentration. We conclude that pre- and/or post-transplant CO2 enrichment independently influenced lettuce growth, with no CO2 acclimation. Post-transplant CO2 enrichment determined final biomass, with 1200 µmol·mol−1 being the saturation point. Keywords: carbon dioxide, controlled environment agriculture (CEA), indoor vertical farming, elevated CO2 concentration, growth chamber, whole-plant photosynthesis
Speakers
HK

Harkirat Kaur Mashiana

University of Delaware
Co-authors
QM

Qingwu Meng

University of Delaware
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 5

12:00pm CDT

PGR - Ethephon Drench Efficacy is Not Affected in Sphagnum Peat-Based Substrates Amended with Perlite, Aged Pine Bark, or Wood
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Greenhouse substrates are soilless mixes formulated by blending organic and inorganic components at varying proportions. Substrate properties are known to influence the efficacy of plant growth regulators applied as a substrate drench. Ethephon is a plant growth regulator used in floriculture production to control stem elongation, increase lateral branching, and manipulate flowering. Ethephon substrate drenches have been shown to control growth in annual bedding plants and herbaceous perennials; however, there is a lack of research examining how substrate composition influences the efficacy of ethephon substrate drenches. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate ethephon drench efficacy in peat-based substrates amended with perlite, aged pine bark, or wood fiber. Lantana (Lantana camara L. ‘BandoleroTM Pink’ and ‘New Gold’) were transplanted into 15.2-cm containers filled with one of six peat-based substrates amended (by vol.) with 20% or 40% perlite, aged pine bark, or wood fiber. After 10 d, eight single-plant replicates received a drench of 150 mL aliquots of solution containing 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 mg·L–1 ethephon. Plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse for 5 weeks after drench before growth data, including plant height, plant diameter, shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) were determined. Increasing concentrations of ethephon decreased plant height, plant diameter, SDW, and RDW of both cultivars of lantana. Substrate components and formulation had varied effects on plant growth. For example, in Expt. 1, plant height was unaffected by formulation but the component × concentration interaction was significant. When substrates were formulated with perlite, aged pine bark, or wood fiber plants were 23% (3.9 cm), 13% (2.0 cm), and 18% (3.1 cm) shorter, respectively, as concentrations increased from 0 to 200 mg·L–1 ethephon, compared to untreated plants. In Expt. 2, neither component or formulation significantly influenced plant height, and when drenched with 200 mg·L–1 ethephon plant diameter was 42% (15.8 cm) less than untreated plants. In Expt. 1, SDW was not influenced by formulation but the component × concentration interaction was significant. For instance, compared to untreated plants, SDW of plants grown in substrates containing perlite, aged pine bark, or wood fiber were 42% (3.8 g), 23% (1.7 g), and 35% (2.7 g) smaller, respectively, as concentrations increased from 0 to 200 mg·L–1 ethephon. Overall, ethephon substrate drench efficacy was not reduced by the incorporation of perlite, pine bark, or wood fiber in peat-based substrates.
Speakers
WR

William Rich

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
GO

Garrett Owen

The Ohio State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Foster 2

12:00pm CDT

UG 2 - Exploring Marketing Strategy of Green Industry Firms
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Horticulture producers need to make their business distinctive to consumers to stay competitive. Millions of Americans participate in gardening activities recreationally, composing a market of infrequent but avid horticulture consumers. Attending trade shows, reaching out to green industry publications, and creating websites are typical marketing practices producers utilize to make themselves known to their consumers. Some businesses also create regular newsletters and catalogues to keep consumers updated on and invested in the development of their products. To explore the progression of marketing strategies in the horticulture industry, we surveyed and compared 55 businesses on the marketing strategies they invested in and new-customer inflow to determine what kinds of marketing strategies are preferred by producers today, and how effectively they may grasp the interest of consumers. The results show that producers who primarily advertise using digital methods tend to report a higher proportion of new customers in their sales. This indicates a growing digital advertising influence for showing the value of horticultural products. In the horticulture industry, where consumers do not consciously differentiate goods beyond their type, producers need to keep their products in front of consumers to entice consumers towards favoring their products. As such, the importance of marketing and outreach towards new customers stays vital.
Speakers
EL

Ella Lin

North Carolina State University
NA
Co-authors
DT

Daniel Tregeagle

North Carolina State University
NA
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 2
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Horticulture Research Institute

12:00pm CDT

VCM 4 - Increasing the number of sweet potato storage roots to increase the yield of sweet potato crops in Hawaii
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Sweet potato is grown year-round and is planted on all islands of Hawaii. During the 20th century, sweet potato was a profitable export crop for Hawaii, but production and sales have been declining for decades. Environmental conditions, such as continued droughts or precipitations and poor soil nutrients, contribute to low sweet potato yields. Sweet potato yields can be determined by the number of storage roots (tubers) per plant, and the size of each storage root at harvest. To maximize the marketable yields of sweet potato, it is necessary to achieve the greatest possible number of storage roots. In a field trial at the Kula Agricultural Park in the island of Maui, Okinawan sweet potatoes were grown under different irrigation regimes, both with and without fertilizer application. Control plots were irrigated daily regardless of soil moisture, and irrigation treatments were designed to initiate irrigation events based on soil moisture thresholds as follow: high moisture (irrigated to a soil water tension threshold of -60 kPa), medium moisture (irrigated to a soil water tension threshold of -80kPa), low moisture (irrigated to a soil water tension of -100 kPa). Fertilizer (16-16-16 and potassium sulfate) was applied to half of each plot in a split plot design. Marketable yield was evaluated in the different treatments. The fertilizer treatments were only significantly different in the irrigated control and the lowest moisture treatment. Marketable yield was highest in the irrigated control that received no fertilizer, and lowest in the low moisture treatment that received fertilizer. As irrigation was reduced, yield was also reduced, and the number of off-grade small tubers increased. In the irrigated control, adding fertilizer reduced the number and weight of marketable tubers, especially in the AA grade, and increased the number and weight of large, off-grade tubers. In the lowest moisture treatment, high numbers of “pencil roots” were observed due to inadequate moisture during tuber development, and few marketable tubers in both the fertilized and unfertilized treatments.
Speakers
RG

Rosemary Gutierrez-Coarite

University of Hawaii at Manoa
Co-authors
AA

Amjad Ahmad

University of Hawaii at Manoa
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

12:00pm CDT

Creating a Graphical Abstract
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:30pm CDT
All ASHS journals now accept Graphical Abstracts, alongside a textual abstract, as part of the submission process.
Graphical Abstracts, also known as Visual Abstracts, provide a visual summary designed to help readers understand the purpose and results of your key findings.

Learn more about what is required and get your questions answered.
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Sarah White

Sarah White

Research Division VP
Sarah's research involves using plants to clean water. She is passionate about mentoring young faculty and graduate students to help them succeed in the future.
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 12:30pm CDT
Hort Theater

12:00pm CDT

International Division Lunch
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Advance registration and ticket purchase is required.

Solar Powered Refrigeration for Smallholder Farmers: The Journey From a Foggy Idea to a Growing Commercial Enterprise in India

Speaker: Dr. Randy Beaudry, Michigan State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Bolden 6

12:00pm CDT

Pi Alpha Xi Luncheon and Business Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Ticket Purchase is required for this luncheon.
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Bolden 5

12:14pm CDT

Thursday Poster Session 5
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:14pm - 1:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:14pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

PGR - Evaluating the Effect of PEG-Induced Drought Stress on Seed Germination in Ornamental Plant Species
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used to simulate drought stress in plant germination studies due to its ability to induce osmotic stress without being absorbed by plant tissues. This study investigates the effects of PEG-induced drought stress on the seed germination of various ornamental plant species, including Celosia argentea, Petunia hybrida, Rudbeckia hirta, Salvia splendens, and Zinnia elegans. Seeds are treated with different concentrations of PEG-6000 (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) to mimic varying levels of water deficit. Germination trials are conducted under controlled environmental conditions using LED lights with a 16/8-hour photoperiod to simulate light/dark conditions, and an optimum temperature of 70-75°F (21-23°C) to support ideal germination and seedling growth. Current seed research trials are underway with aims to evaluate germination-related traits under stress, including germination percentage, mean germination time, germination rate, and seedling vigor. These traits are used to assess the early-stage drought tolerance of ornamental plants. Understanding how different species respond to water stress at the germination stage is crucial for the ornamental plant industry, as it supports the selection and development of more resilient varieties suited for landscapes and markets increasingly affected by water scarcity.
Speakers
HG

Haramrit Gill

University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
NA
Co-authors
SB

Santosh Bhandari

University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plant Growth Regulation

12:15pm CDT

UG 2 - How Warm Glow and Social Influence Shape Consumer Choices in Sustainability
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Sustainability is becoming a top priority for consumers, businesses, and governments. Warm glow is the positive emotional satisfaction people have after motivating actions such as recycling or purchasing eco-friendly products. Past research shows there is still a significant gap between what people say they want in sustainable products and how they spend their money. Understanding why this occurs is critical to driving meaningful changes in consumer behavior and marketing messaging that can effectively improve sustainable purchasing decisions. However, studies show that emotional satisfaction can occasionally override real impact, people may feel fulfilled simply by voicing pro-sustainability ideas, even if they do not follow through financially. Social pressure also plays a role, as customers may outwardly favor sustainability in order to fit in but then hesitate when faced with actual expenses. This study investigates whether people's perceived (subjective) versus factual (objective) awareness of sustainability affects their purchasing decisions. We conducted a survey that assessed approximately 1,040 participants' knowledge on sustainability and measured their willingness to donate money using an incentive. Post survey, the participants were categorized into four groups based on their knowledge levels: (1) high in both subjective and objective knowledge, (2) high in subjective but low in objective knowledge, (3) low in subjective but high in objective knowledge, and 94) low in both subjective and objective knowledge. The results show that individuals who think they know a lot about sustainability (subjectively) are more likely to declare they love sustainable items, whilst those who actually know (objectively) are more likely to spend on them. These findings indicate that stated preferences do not necessarily translate into action, implying that narrowing the information gap and appealing to inner motivation, rather than societal pressure, could inspire more meaningful sustainability decisions. This study explains consumer behavior and provides recommendations for firms and policymakers attempting to close the gap between sustainability attitudes and real expenditures.
Speakers
SZ

Sabeel Zayan

North Carolina State University
NA
Co-authors
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Foster 1

12:15pm CDT

GG - Enhancing Molecular Analysis of Emerald Ash Borer Resistance in Fraxinus Species
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Assessments of genes associated with plant host defense responses can be challenging as the defensive mechanisms that enable the host-mediated defense can be the very compounds that make gene expression assays particularly challenging. RNA extraction from woody plant tissues presents significant challenges due to endogenous phenolics, secondary metabolites, and stem polysaccharides. We have established an improved extraction protocol for Fraxinus species, yielding superior results to commercial kits. Our optimized approach, validated across diverse tissue types from over 10 Fraxinus species, consistently produces high-purity RNA with exceptional concentrations (>3000 ng/μL) and integrity (RIN scores 8.0-10.0). The RNA quality we have achieved allows us to detect and analyze rare transcripts that may play crucial roles in emerald ash borer resistance mechanisms. Our approach enables us to quantify copy numbers of defense genes triggered during insect attacks, shedding new light on the molecular basis of resistance pathways in ash trees. By employing digital droplet PCR and RNA-seq calibrated, we can determine the key defense genes' exact transcript copy numbers, including those encoding protease inhibitors, phenolic compounds, and terpenoid synthases central to anti-herbivory responses. We have validated a stable reference gene suite with reliable quality control and consistent expression benchmarks. These references serve as crucial yardsticks when measuring expression patterns across ash trees with varying levels of EAB vulnerability. By determining actual transcript numbers, we can make more meaningful comparisons between ash species and genotypes, helping us identify the critical expression thresholds needed for effective resistance. This work strengthens our partnership with the Chicago Region Tree Initiative, supporting efforts to build more resilient urban forests and protect endangered ash species. Through our detailed analysis of gene expression profiles across diverse ash populations, we are working to pinpoint the genetic signatures that confer EAB resistance. These findings will enable the development of efficient molecular screening tools (e.g., SNP marker panels, transcriptomic signature profiles, or RNA expression ratio tests) for large-scale population assessment and accelerate efforts for this important genus. (Co-authored by Dr. Nathan Maren, Woody Plant Breeder and Genomics Specialist at The Morton Arboretum).
Speakers
RP

Robert Petursson

The Morton Arboretum
Co-authors
NM

Nathan Maren

The Morton Arboretum
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

GG - Genetic Mapping of Apple Stomatal Traits With Computer Vision
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Stomatal function is a critical determinant of overall plant vigor, health, and yield. Higher stomatal conductance is associated with higher yields, and therefore is a trait of interest for plant improvement. Although stomatal conductance is governed by a complex balance between many factors, stomatal size and density are two traits that set the foundation for a genotype’s response to the external/internal factors. Understanding the genetic architecture of these traits is a key first step in the process of genetic selection; unfortunately, phenotyping stomatal traits on the scale required for mapping studies can be logistically challenging. In this experiment, we microscopically imaged stomata in apple leaves and used two computer vision methods to rapidly phenotype stomatal traits- a convolutional neural network (CNN) and the web-based computer vision platform BioDock. Two apple populations with existing molecular marker information were phenotyped: a biparental mapping population of approximately 400 individuals and the USDA’s Malus germplasm collection. Genetic mapping was carried out using the ‘r/qtl’ and ‘GWASpoly’ packages in R for the mapping population and germplasm collection, respectively. Both computer vision models yielded accuracies >90% for phenotyping stomatal density in the training and validation datasets, demonstrating that these models are effective methods for quickly phenotyping large stomatal image datasets. Preliminary results indicated peaks associated with stomatal density on chromosome 1 and chromosome 7. Furthermore, stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal size- resulting in less variation in total stomatal area than either the distributions of distribution or size would indicate. Future work in this project will focus on identifying the genes involved in regulating stomatal density in apples, as well as generalizing the computer vision models to function on multiple plant species.
Speakers
KB

Kenneth Buck

Cornell University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

GG - Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of RING-Type E3 Ligase Proteins in Pisum Sativum During Root
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Pea (Pisum sativum) is a valuable legume crop recognized for its rich nutritional profile, offering plant-based protein, fiber, vitamins, and essential minerals. It holds a significant place in the growing plant-based protein industry, which is projected to reach $313.5 million by 2025. However, global pea production is declining due to soilborne diseases, notably root rots caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Fsp). In our earlier study, we performed time-course transcriptome analysis on four Fsp-tolerant and four Fsp-susceptible pea genotypes during pathogen infection, identifying several Fsp-responsive genes. Interestingly, the dataset also contained Fusarium-derived genes, many of which encode ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like proteins, and the ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S31 fusion protein. EffectorP analysis revealed that these proteins are secretory in nature. We hypothesize that Fusarium secretes these proteins into host cells to manipulate the host’s ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to the degradation of plant defense proteins. To explore this further, we investigated RING-type E3 ligase proteins in Pisum sativum, which play key roles in protein ubiquitination. A total of 663 genes encoding RING-type E3 ligases were identified, each containing at least one RING domain as predicted by the SMART database. Domain analysis revealed additional conserved motifs within these proteins. An Un-rooted Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree grouped the RING proteins based on shared domain architecture. Transcriptomic data indicates that these genes are differentially expressed during Fsp infection. The E3 Ligase genes are upregulated in Fsp-susceptible cultivars and downregulated in Fsp-tolerant cultivars. These genes can be used to generate future knock-out mutants and perform functional studies to enhance pea resistance to Fsp-induced root rot.
Speakers
JM

Josiah Manning

Texas A
M.S. in Horticultural Sciences graduate student at Texas A
Co-authors
AP

Adwaita Parida

A and M Texas, College station
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Genetics and Germplasm
  • Subject Genetics and Germplasm
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Startup funding to the Dhingra Genomics and Biotechnology Lab.

12:15pm CDT

GG - Optimizing Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology for Rapid Onsite Diagnosis of Phytophthora capsici
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Detecting Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) based solely on visual symptoms is challenging and often leads to misdiagnosis. Farmers frequently harvest seemingly healthy fruits, only for fruit rot to develop after shipping. Furthermore, other pathogens can mimic P. capsici symptoms on cucurbits and peppers, and plants may even suffer simultaneous attacks by multiple pathogens, complicating identification. Without timely and accurate diagnosis, P. capsici can spread rapidly, causing significant crop losses. Current diagnostic methods, including traditional microscopy-based culture techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are time-intensive and lack sensitivity for early-stage infections. This study introduces an optimized Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) genomic approach for rapid and precise detection of P. capsici in plant samples, both in laboratory and field settings. Designed for portability and capable of sequencing reads up to 100 kb, the ONT MinION device—smaller than a smartphone—provides a promising solution for in-field diagnostics. Plant tissue samples, symptomatic and non-symptomatic, were collected from cucurbit and pepper fields through collaborators during late summer and early fall. Total DNA was extracted using a magnetic bead-based kit (Primerdesign, Southampton, UK). Sequencing libraries were prepared using ONT’s 1D-cDNA sequencing kit, loaded onto a MinION 107 v9.5 Flow Cell, and analyzed using the Mk1B MinION device. Raw sequence reads in fast5 format were converted to fastq or fasta, with high-quality reads subjected to BLAST searches against the NCBI database for P. capsici identification. The deployment of ONT enables the generation of actionable genomic data in real-time, enhancing our understanding of P. capsici and its role in Phytophthora blight disease development in cucurbits. This technology represents a breakthrough in the rapid, field-based diagnosis of P. capsici, providing farmers with an efficient tool to mitigate crop losses. Keywords: Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology (ONT), Phytophthora capsici, Raw sequence reads, Phytophthora blight.
Speakers
KT

KUMUDINI TALARI

Alcorn State University
Research Associate at Alcorn State University
Co-authors
EA

Emran Ali

Alcorn State University
NA
SW

Sumyya waliullah

Alcorn State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Genetics and Germplasm
  • Subject Genetics and Germplasm
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source NIFA,NM State University, Delta regional, Alcorn Extension Program

12:15pm CDT

GG - Screening Common Bean and Runner Bean Genotypes To Ashy Stem Blight and White Mold
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Ashy stem blight and white mold caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum L. de Bary, respectively are important fungi pathogens affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. Genetic resistance is the most environmental friendly approach to control both diseases. Our objective was to evaluate the response of Phaseolus spp. germplasm to three fungal isolates. Two runner bean accessions (P. coccineus L.), and 23 common bean genotypes including 10 UPR-Mp breeding lines derived from multiple-parent crosses were inoculated with the NY133 S. sclerotiorum isolate and PRI21 and PRI24M M. phaseolina isolates by the cut-stem method in the greenhouse. The disease severity was evaluated at 35 days post-inoculation. Middle American common beans ‘Othello’, TARS-MST1, and ‘Verano’ were susceptible (mean scores > 6.5) to all fungal isolates whereas the runner beans PI 183412 (Sel-1 and Sel-2) and breeding line UPR-Mp-57 were susceptible to NY133. Andean common beans A 195, ‘PC 50’, PRA154, PRA155, and VA 19 were intermediate (scores 4-6) to NY133, PRI21, and PRI24M. In contrast, Middle American beans 92BG-7 and BAT 477 were intermediate to NY133 and PRI21, and susceptible to PRI24M. The runner beans PI 183412-Sel-1 and PI 183412-Sel-2, and common bean breeding lines UPR-Mp-22, UPR-Mp-48, UPR-Mp-54, and UPR-Mp-57 were resistant (scores < 3.5) to PRI21 and intermediate to PRI24M. Conversely, UPR-Mp-34 and UPR-Mp-54 were resistant to NY133. This information should help to select parents with higher levels of resistance that may be used in breeding programs for both diseases.
Speakers
DV

Diego Viteri

University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
Co-authors
AL

Angela Linares Ramirez

University of Puerto Rico
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Genetics and Germplasm

12:15pm CDT

GG - Where, when and at what time to phenotype canopy cooling capacity in wheat breeding programs?
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
In light of the increasing demand for resilient crops amid global food security concerns, recent advances in omics technologies have accelerated plant breeding efforts. Nonetheless, their effectiveness is often undermined by limited phenotypic resolution, particularly under field conditions. Traditional approaches based on single daily measurements are insufficient to capture the full spectrum of genotypic responses, especially when environmental stress is present. This study explores the potential of thermal imaging using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor canopy temperature (CT) in wheat, providing a non-invasive proxy for assessing plant water status. A collection of 184 genetically distinct wheat genotypes was examined under both irrigated and rainfed conditions within a Mediterranean agroecosystem. Thermal data were recorded across multiple phenological phases (from anthesis to grain filling) and at various times throughout the day. The analysis revealed that both developmental stage and time of observation substantially influenced CT patterns, thereby impacting the detection of genotype-specific responses to drought. The most pronounced thermal contrasts between irrigation regimes were observed during the milk-dough and dough stages, particularly in the mid-afternoon when vapor pressure deficit (VPD) reached its peak. These insights support the integration of diurnal thermal phenotyping into breeding pipelines as a means to enhance the identification of drought-adaptive traits in cereal crops.
Speakers
GA

Gustavo A. Lobos

Universidad de Talca
Co-authors
AD

Alejandro del Pozo

U. de Talca
NA
CA

Carlos Araya

U. de Talca
NA
FM

Felipe Moraga

U. de Talca
NA
GR

Gonzalo Rios-Vasquez

U. Católica de Valparaiso
NA
HA

Hamza Ali Khan

U. de Talca
NA
HD

Hanns de la Fuente-Mella

U. Católica de Valparaiso
NA
IP

Isadora Perez

U. de Talca
NA
JF

Jesus Flores

Curimapu
NA
JC

Jose Cares

U. de Talca
NA
JP

Josefa Pacheco

U. de Talca
NA
MB

Manuel Bravo

U. Católica de Valparaiso
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Genetics and Germplasm

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Central Sierra Shifting Paradigm To Sustainable Organic And Conventional Production Systems
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The regional surveys assess stakeholder needs and shape regional policymaking. The regional survey was conducted in the Central Sierra region (CSR) of California, covering El Dorado, Amador, Calaveras, and Tuolumne counties, with 52 respondents. The respondents were classified as beginner (20 years) farmers selling their produce mainly at the farmers market and local processing units. The survey found that a significant proportion grows organic food (33%) along with conventional food (38%) and prefer in-person extension communication (79%). The survey recorded diverse crop production systems, including wine grapes, apples, olives, walnuts, berries, pears, vegetables, and flowers in the CSR mostly depend upon groundwater trapped in deeper fractured rock formations, followed by surface water from irrigation districts, springs, and seasonal creeks. The survey underscores the shift in interest among farmers for regenerative practices, (a) field-management, for example, irrigation mainly done by plant-based indicators, followed by calendar-based and sensor-based irrigation, showing the potential area for irrigation workshops, (b) input-management (cover crops, no-till, mulching, manure/composting, etc.), as most of them being the resource limited. Our results agree with the Intermountain Region (Utah extension personnel), who found a similar increase in interest among farmers regarding regenerative agricultural practices in a recent survey. This survey emphasizes emerging interest of (a) resource limited farmers in (b) regenerative practices, and (c) in-person extension communication.
Speakers
HS

Hardeep Singh

Farm Advisor, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
Co-authors
AS

Arshdeep Singh

California State University Chico
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Local Food Systems

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Community and Agriculture Audits in Two Kansas City Communities
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Due to natural disasters, COVID-19, and economic shifts, resilient agricultural food systems have become increasingly important to cities. Research examining the conditions that support resilient agricultural production systems is critical. Grassroots urban agriculture initiatives often arise to help mitigate the effects of disturbances. The ability of local initiatives to absorb and manage shock relies upon access to various forms of capital including human, social, financial, physical, and natural capital. Along with these forms of capital, governance and political infrastructure can greatly influence food system resilience. Food system audit tools have increased in popularity as a way to evaluate a food system’s accessibility to capital as well as examine system gaps and strengths. Many food system audit tools have been created to assess food systems at different system levels for different stakeholder audiences. This project used the audit tool titled the Community and Agriculture Resilience Audit Tool (CARAT), developed by the North American Food Systems Network, to assess how the communities of Kansas City, Missouri, and Kansas City, Kansas are utilizing the assets of their food system to achieve community resilience. During this study, policies, practices, and programs relating to the urban food system were analyzed by using the 101 indicators from CARAT. To analyze these urban food system assets, the researchers conducted interviews and focus groups with key community stakeholders. In these interviews, specific indicators from CARAT were used as questions to gauge the implementation or lack thereof of policies, practices, and programs specifically relating to urban food systems within the two cities. Searches of publicly available websites were also conducted to examine each city’s zoning ordinances and codes. After data collection, the 101 indicators are then scored based on the CARAT scoring guidelines: does not apply (x), no (0), being considered (1), in place (2), and being implemented (3). These scores act as a baseline for the two cities’ food systems and highlight areas of strengths and weakness to community stakeholders to help prioritize actions to enhance food system resiliency. The initial results indicate that there are more community policies, practices, programs in the CARAT themes of Natural Resource Management and Place-based Economics and fewer community policies, practices, programs in the themes of Community Health
Speakers
DK

Dustin Kohn

Kansas State University
Co-authors
EP

Eleni Pliakoni

Kansas State University
RS

Rebekkah Stuteville

Metropolitan Community College- Maple Woods
NA
TJ

Tricia Jenkins

Kansas State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Local Food Systems
  • Subject Local Food Systems
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Game-changing Research Initiation Program

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Comparison of ecosystem services of high diversity intercropping and monocropping
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Intercropping systems have been used for thousands of years and provide numerous ecological benefits that promote sustainability. This study evaluates the performance of three diverse seed mixes (warm season soil builder, warm season pollinator mix, milpa garden warm season) alongside 3 monocrops: iron and clay cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), mancan buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) in terms of soil health improvement, pollinator support, and productivity. Additionally, the social acceptance of the seed mixes’ appearance and their use in public and private landscaping will be assessed. Soil samples were collected from each plot before and after each growing season to analyze soil health. Plots were observed for five minutes weekly to count the number of flowers and pollinator visits. The harvested produce was weighed and analyzed for nutritional content. Cowpea resulted in a higher average improvement in soil health indicators compared to the three seed mixes. Pollinator activity indicated that the ratio of pollinators to flowers was similar between the monocrop buckwheat and the three seed mix treatments. Butternut squash produced significantly greater weight, calories, and nutrients than the garden milpa. Milpa demonstrated comparable soil health and pollinator support to other seed mixes. These encouraging results suggest that milpa can be an effective tool for sustainable agricultural practices.
Speakers
MB

Molly Boyd

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
Co-authors
CE

Christian Elowsky

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
LL

Louise Lynch-O'Brien

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
RS

Ronald Stephenson

Plant Sciences Hall
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Connecting Researchers to Small-Scale Farmers: A Case Study with On-Farm Sweetpotato Trials in Western Washington
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
There is growing interest in the viability of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) as a direct market crop in the maritime climate of western Washington. In 2023 and 2024, we partnered with researchers at the Washington State University Northwest Washington Research and Extension Center (WSU NWREC) to coordinate on-farm sweetpotato trials across northwest Washington with on-station trials. In 2023, 20 farmers participated in the on-farm trials and in 2024, 33 farmers participated. Many of the participants were small-scale ( 0.0001). This mirrored findings from the on-station trial, indicating plastic mulch or other soil warming strategies are needed to ensure good yield in the region. Qualitative data from farmers based on their experience proved to be highly valuable and informed research directions for the 2025 growing season. For example, slip production and curing can be challenging for many small-scale growers who do not have appropriate facilities, so we initiated trials at the research station on both topics. The on-farm trials provided opportunities to build relationships with farmers through frequent farm visits and surveys responses. Extension- and research-led trials together resulted in a better understanding of crop performance in this geographically diverse region and among growers who each have a different set of management practices and priorities. This information has been added to the growing guide and WSU resources have been tailored to better fit and address the needs of niche-market farmers learning to grow this new specialty crop.
Speakers
LM

Laurel Moulton

WSU Extension Regional Small Farms Program
Co-authors
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
LS

Laura Schulz

Washington State University
SG

Samantha Grieger

WSU Extension Regional Small Farms Program
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Local Food Systems

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Contributions to Food System Resilience by Urban Agriculture Sites
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Food systems continue to face disruptions, from supply chain breakdowns to climate change and pandemics. Resilience is the ability of a system to respond and adapt to changing circumstances and withstand disruptions. Resilience capacities of urban and peri-urban agriculture sites are important to ensure nutritional security in cities. This project is part of a four-pronged research project covering a transdisciplinary assessment of urban food systems in and around Kansas City; the other three projects include community health; agricultural productivity; and sustainability. This project aims to develop a survey to assess and evaluate the resilience capacities of urban agriculture sites. A literature search was performed and resulted in development five categories of behavior-based resilience capacities for urban agriculture sites: civic engagement; political engagement; social capital; transformational capacity; and land access. A survey based on these categories and using validated questions was developed to collect proxy measurements of resilience capacities for urban agriculture sites. The survey was developed in collaboration with an advisory board of local food system experts. Data was collected using the survey instrument from urban and peri-urban agriculture sites in the following categories: urban production; peri-urban production; intensive production; community garden; training farm; and high school garden. The survey instrument and a follow-up interview were administered to site operators and a truncated survey was given to site employees, volunteers, and visitors. Survey results will illustrate how urban agriculture sites contribute to the resilience of the food system and the community and allow for the comparison of resilience indicators between types of urban agriculture sites. The data will provide a picture of the contributions to food security by type of urban agriculture in the area around Kansas City. The results of the research could be used to help urban agriculture sites become more resilient, as well as influence planning and policy around urban agriculture when seeking to create more resilient communities.
Speakers
KW

Kara Walker

Kansas State University
Co-authors
CR

Cary Rivard

Kansas State University
EP

Eleni Pliakoni

Kansas State University
PB

Priscilla Brenes

Kansas State University
NA
RS

Rebekkah Stuteville

Metropolitan Community College-Maple Woods
NA
TJ

Tricia Jenkins

Kansas State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Local Food Systems
  • Subject Local Food Systems
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work is supported by Kansas State University's "Game-changing Research Initiation Program." Project title: "Development of Resilient Urban Food Systems That Ensure Food Security in the Face of Climate Change."

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Fertilizer and Mulch Use for Peppers in an Extensive Green Roof Environment
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Although green roofs offer an alternative growing space to produce fresh edibles for urban consumers, sufficient fertility levels are often lacking in mediums used for extensive green roof applications which can limit plant growth. Therefore, a study was conducted during the 2024 growing season to evaluate fertilizer and mulch use for ‘Candy Cane’ peppers grown in the extensive green roof environment located atop the Southern Illinois University-Carbondale Agriculture Building. Growth characteristics were collected during early-, mid-, and late-season, while fruit were harvested approximately every four weeks (six times total) throughout the growing season. Fertilizer rate and mulch application interactions did not generally influence (P > 0.05) leaf chlorophyll content or plant vigor at any timing. Marketable fruit yields were also not influenced (P > 0.05) by either fertilizer rate or mulch use. These results suggest that the low rate of fertilizer used was sufficient and mulch use is not required to maximize ‘Candy Cane’ pepper growth and yields. Our results indicate that peppers can be grown effectively in extensive green roof environments with proper water and nutrient management.
Speakers
avatar for Gracie Carmon

Gracie Carmon

Graduate Assistant, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Co-authors
AW

Alan Walters

Southern Illinois University
KL

Kaitlyn Lamaster

Southern Illinois University
SS

Steven Still

Southern Illinois University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Finding the Sweet Spot: Evaluating 21 Sweetpotato Entries with a Public Taste Test
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a new crop to western Washington and has been evaluated for yield and wireworm resistance in trials at Washington State University’s Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center (WSU NWREC) in Mount Vernon, WA since 2019 and in on-farm trials across western Washington since 2023. Trials at WSU NWREC have included over 20 different sweetpotato cultivars and breeding lines, some of which have proven well suited for production in the region due to high yield and/or wireworm resistance. To assess marketability in the region, in February 2025 we evaluated eating quality of 21 sweetpotato cultivars and breeding lines, including nine orange-fleshed, five yellow-fleshed, and six purple-fleshed entries. Participants in the taste test (IRB exempt
Speakers
LS

Laura Schulz

Graduate Research Assistant, Washington State University
I am a PhD student at Washington State University working with Carol Miles on introducing sweetpotato as a new crop in western Washington.
Co-authors
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
JW

Jordan White

Washington State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Local Food Systems
  • Subject Local Food Systems
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source e U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, under award number 2022-38640-37490 through the Western Sustainable Agriculture and Education Program under project number SW23951

12:15pm CDT

LOCSY - Soil, Media, and Tissue Testing for Urban Farms: Extension Outreach and Discovery in the Unique Urban Growing Systems of Cook County
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
There has been a long tradition of Cooperative Extension as a "go-to" source for soil testing in the popular media and research literature. However, soil and media testing within the unique growing systems of urban agriculture has not been extensively explored. In 2021, Cook County Extension began directly subsidizing and conducting multiple soil, compost, media, and tissue tests for a cohort of urban farms in the greater Chicagoland area. Using the data collected, we began building a baseline soil test database to help growers make specific nutrient and media management decisions. Through soil data collection and interpretation, we hoped to begin reducing the guesswork and decision-making of which tests to take, when, and how to interpret them. The standard soil, media, and tissue testing results reveal important soil, media, and uptake trends but are not always straightforward to interpret. Continued work with testing protocols, media incubation studies, and field trials could reveal more predictable trends in the future to better guide urban farmers' nutrient management planning. This poster presents the initial soil database results and interpretation to begin to understand and help explain the unique growing conditions of urban agriculture.
Speakers
ZG

Zachary Grant

Extension Educator, University of Illinois Extension
Zack is a Local Foods and Small Farms Extension Educator housed in Cook County, Unit 6.  He joined Extension in 2015 to focus on urban agriculture production programming for a diverse group of stakeholders. Zack educates, conducts research, and provides technical assistance in small... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Local Food Systems

12:15pm CDT

NUR - An Inexpensive Fertilizer Dispenser Can Reduce Labor Costs and Over-Application, but May Offer Less Dexterity than Manu
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
As US nurseries explore ways to decrease labor costs, mechanization and automation technology (AMT) has become increasingly important. AMTs can help nurseries with repetitive, labor-intensive tasks such as fertilization. Our objective was to compare the Fertileeze Pro-35, an inexpensive fertilizer dispenser (
Speakers
KM

Karl McKim

The University of Tennessee
Co-authors
AF

Amy Fulcher

University of Tennessee
GP

Grace Pietsch

University of Tennessee
NA
JJ

Jakob Johnson

University of Tennessee
NA
MV

Margarita Velandia

University of Tennessee
WH

Walker Harrell

University of Tennessee
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA 2024-51181-4329

12:15pm CDT

NUR - Determining the accuracy and efficiency of commercially available herbicide application equipment used in container nurs
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
With costs that can exceed $5,000 per acre, weed management is often one of the largest threats to container nursery profitability due to lack of postemergence herbicide options, need for labor intensive hand weeding, and the demand for weed free ornamentals. Due to high variability in nursery infrastructure, taxa being grown, and grower preferences, no one piece of herbicide application equipment is used at all nurseries in the ornamentals sector. For granular formulations, herbicides are applied with devices ranging from homemade hand-shaker jars, commercially available gravity-flow type hand spreaders, hand-crank hand-held spreaders (i.e. belly grinder spreaders or chest spreaders) and on a larger scale, tractor mounted granular spreaders. Costs for each of these application devices can vary widely and can have a significant impact on the accuracy, distribution pattern, and efficiency of the application, all which effect weed control and labor costs. For example, hand-shakers might be used to treat pots individually to reduce herbicide waste, that is, the herbicide landing outside of the pot during an application. This is a slower process but results in less non-target herbicide loss compared with a belly-grinder in which over 50% of the herbicide applied may not reach the target depending upon pot spacing. The L.E.A.P. (Labor, Efficiency, Automation, Production) team is currently working to evaluate, implement, and develop automation to increase the sustainability of the nursery industry. As part of this work, commonly used and commercially available herbicide application equipment is being evaluated for accuracy, distribution patterns, efficiency, efficacy and crop safety. Prior to initiation of this work, studies were conducted to determine most accurate method of measuring application equipment performance, specifically for granular applicators. Commercially available herbicide pans, plastic and glass plastic beakers, and small plastic funnels (5 cm diameter) with end caps were all tested in multiple different arrangements with 1 to 12 collection devices placed within blocks of nursery containers containing recently potted ornamentals in 3.8 L nursery pots. The use of the plastic funnels placed sunken in the potting substrate was determined to be the most accurate method, in which 82% to 120% of the target dose was captured across all four plant canopies and was the most practical method to implement as it could be used accurately regardless of canopy structure or pot spacing and is ideal for on-farm evaluations. Project was supported by LEAP Nursery Crops Toward Sustainability Award No. 2024-51181-43291.
Speakers
CM

Chris Marble

University of Florida/IFAS
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-NIFA-SCRI Award No. 2024-05427.
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

12:15pm CDT

NUR - Determining the Effects of Increased Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Growth and Physiological Responses of Three Native
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Native edible berry plants create additional opportunities for native plant growers and nurseries due to their dense nutrient content. However, their growth and physiology under nursery conditions have not been widely studied. Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are commonly used in nursery production, yet their optimal application rates for native edible berry plants remain understudied. While overfertilization can lead to excessive nitrogen (N) leaching, underfertilization can limit plant growth. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects, in a greenhouse, of increased CRF rates ranging from 0 to 0.96 g·L⁻¹ N on the development and physiology of three native edible berry species: Elaeagnus commutata (silverberry), Rhus trilobata (skunkbrush), and Shepherdia argentea (silver buffaloberry). For each species, thirty plants were randomly allocated to receive 15N–3.9P–10K CRF treatments at five different nitrogen concentrations: 0, 0.12, 0.24, 0.48, and 0.96 g·L⁻¹ N. These application rates corresponded to 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of the manufacturer's recommended dose. Throughout the 50-day experimental period, all plants received manual irrigation with tap water. Across all three species, higher CRF application rates led to increased leachate electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) concentrations, as well as enhanced relative plant growth index, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance. Lower CRF rates resulted in decreased chlorophyll content, photosystem II efficiency, and leaf nitrogen content in E. commutata and R. trilobata, though root-to-shoot ratios were higher at these lower rates. Physiological parameters such as photosynthesis and stomatal conductance showed no significant increases beyond the 0.12 g·L⁻¹ N CRF rate, while growth parameters remained statistically similar at CRF rates above 0.24 g·L⁻¹ N. This research demonstrates that CRF application rates below the manufacturer's recommendation were sufficient to maintain growth and physiology of the three native edible berry species. Under our experimental conditions, the optimal application rate was determined to be between 0.12 and 0.24 g·L⁻¹ N, which effectively sustained plant growth and physiological responses while minimizing NO₃-N concentrations in leachate. This reduction in fertilizer application could decrease production costs for native plant growers and nurseries, providing both environmental and economic benefits while expanding opportunities in the growing market for nutrient-dense native edible plants.
Speakers
avatar for Ji-Jhong Chen

Ji-Jhong Chen

University of Wyoming
NA
Co-authors
DC

David Claypool

University of Wyoming
JF

Jill Fabricius Keith

University of Wyoming
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Hatch Regular Research Funds (Project accession no. 7003535), University of Wyoming College of Agriculture, Life Sciences, & Natural Resources, Office of Research and Economic Development Designated, Department of Plant Sciences. United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Plant Sciences Hatch Funds (WYO-631-22)

12:15pm CDT

NUR - Effects of Pot Type and Fertility on Initial Growth of Galactia microphylla for Tuber Transplant Production
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Advancing restoration and conservation of coastal dune species improves dune ecosystem function by maintaining biodiversity, mitigating habitat degradation, and reducing erosion through stabilization of deteriorating dunes. Galactia microphylla (Littleleaf Milkpea) is a leguminous coastal dune species found in the Florida panhandle which serves as the sole food source for beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus) for more than one month in fall. We conducted a container production experiment to determine the effects of 3 gallon pot type (tall and short) and fertility regimes (Osmocote 15-9-12 plus minors; 3 month formulation) with 1, 2, or 3, 15 g applications applied at a maximum of 15 g per month over 3 months. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement of treatments restricting randomization with pot type randomly allocated within each block and fertilizer application randomized within each pot type. There were nine single pot subsamples per treatment for a total of 324 pots. Each pot was filled with the same volume of 100% pine bark mulch with fines and planted with 8 (tall pots) or 12 (short pots) heat scarified seed on week 20 (April 16, 2024). Fertilization began week 24 (June 10, 2024) and emergence (%) recorded June 13, 2024. First flower and first fruit (green capsules) were recorded by production week, and mature fruit harvested when brown to evaluate seed production potential. Emergence was 69.3% with no difference between pot types. First flower (Weeks 34–35) and first fruit (Week 36) did not differ among pot types or fertility regimes. Fruit (2 fruits/pot) and seed number (7.6 seed/pot), seed per fruit (1.5) or seeds per plant (1.2) did not differ between the pot types or among the three fertilization regimes. Results suggest bulk container production of Galactia microphylla has potential in both pot types and that flowering, fruiting and seed production are not improved with fertilization regimes providing greater than the standard (30 gram) Osmocote application. Additionally, there was no evidence of a difference in flowering, fruiting, or seed production when fertilization exceeded the standard level of application. Overall, this experiment provides support for bulk container production of Galactia microphylla for tuber production and suggests the lowest quantity of fertilizer tested was sufficient to achieve fruit and seed production.
Speakers
MT

Mack Thetford

University of Florida
Co-authors
DM

Debbie Miller

University of Florida
NA
TS

Tabitha Slattery

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Funding provided in part from US Fish and Wildlife Service project F23AC01606 and F21AL02217, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis projects FLA-WFC-005653 and FLA-WFC-006306

12:15pm CDT

NUR - Establishing In Vitro Propagation Protocols for the Conservation of Parrotia spp.
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Parrotia subeaqualis, a recently introduced plant species in the US, exhibits limited genetic diversity due to the limited collection area. Mirroring the declining populations in their native China, limited genetic sampling can impair cultivar development and threaten cultivars' long-term survival. Conservation efforts and providing the initial plant material for breeding programs rely on efficient and dependable propagation methods. This research focuses on developing optimized in vitro establishment and regeneration protocols for various genotypes of Parrotia spp. We conducted experiments to identify the most effective treatment options and media compositions for in vitro initiation and plant regeneration. These experiments explored using different tissue types collected throughout the growing season, basal media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and other additives. Initial trials with P. subaequalis were unsuccessful due to heavy contamination. Systematically testing different combinations, we determined the specific stimuli required to induce regeneration-competent tissue for diverse Parrotia lineages. Subsequent experiments on P. subaequalis revealed that the most effective media for P. subaequalis was Murashige
Speakers
NM

Nathan Maren

The Morton Arboretum
Co-authors
KG

Ketniel Guzman

The Morton Arboretum
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv

12:15pm CDT

NUR - Labor, Efficiency, Automation, Production: LEAP Nursery Crops Toward Sustainability
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
LEAP is an acronym for investigating the complex nursery specialty crops production system to identify both the individual and interactive effects of Labor, Efficiency, Automation, and Production on current and future nursery industry sustainability. This system is currently experiencing a crisis of labor availability. Our goal is to develop new automation and through better understanding of diffusion of innovation stimulate adoption of existing technologies to study their effects on the remaining system components, including consumer preference at the retail level and the effect of labor retention and re-allocation as a buffer against ongoing labor scarcity. This dynamic approach is necessary, given the complex nature of the nursery specialty crops system that encompasses culturally diverse owner-producer-employee relationships in terms of labor, with high needs for many physically demanding tasks, biological systems, machines, technology, energy, and natural inputs, i.e., water and other resource, all overlaid by preferences and demands of widely different consumer groups. To prevent that labor availability crisis from becoming catastrophic, LEAP and its AB recruited experts at the federal and state level in both plant and social sciences, economics, mechanical engineering, robotics, and artificial intelligence to create five powerful, culturally and disciplinarily diverse teams with expertise in Production and Robotics Engineering (PE), Socioeconomics (SE), Behavioral Adoption (BA), Consumer Preference (CP), and Extension and Science Communication (EX). These teams will work collaboratively with the advisory board, stakeholders, producers, county and regional Extension staff, and allied industries to accelerate the diffusion and impact of automation adoption through nurseries and their workers to illustrate technology’s inherent effect on output, labor efficiency and productivity, revenue, rural economics, and nursery sustainability.
Speakers
CM

Chris Marble

University of Florida/IFAS
Co-authors
AL

Alicia L Rihn

University of Tennessee
AF

Amy Fulcher

University of Tennessee
AL

Anthony LeBude

NC State University
GK

George Kantor

Carengie Mellon University
NA
HG

Hao Gan

University of Tennessee
NA
HZ

Heping Zhu

USDA-ARS
NA
HL

Hui Liu

University of Tennessee
NA
JA

James Altland

USDA-ARS
NA
KA

Karla Addesso

Tennessee State University
NA
LW

Laura Warner

University of Florida
NA
LC

Le Chen

University of Tennessee
NA
LN

Lloyd Nackley

oregon state university
Lloyd Nackley is a plant ecologist who applies a systems approach to improve nursery and greenhouse management. Nackley's research program at Oregon State University focuses on addressing four challenges facing nursery and greenhouse production in Oregon: irrigation application, pest... Read More →
MP

Marco Palma

Texas A
NA
MV

Margarita Velandia

University of Tennessee
MS

Md Sultan Mahmud

University of Georgia
NA
NB

Natalie Bumgarner

University of Tennessee
SS

Susan Schexnayder

University of Tennessee
NA
TR

Taylor Ruth

University of Tennessee
NA
VT

Vashti Tatman

University of Florida
NA
WH

William Hered

Carnegie Mellon University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Nursery Crops
  • Subject Nursery Crops
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, SPECIALTY CROPS RESEARCH INITIATIVE. Labor, Efficiency, Automation, and Production: LEAP Nursery Crops Toward Sustainability CAP 2024-51181-43291
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

12:15pm CDT

NUR - Screening of a Biochemical Pesticide for the Management of Rose Rosette Disease
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Rose rosette disease (RRD) is a major threat to rose production in nurseries. The causal agent of the disease is a negative strand ssRNA virus called Rose rosette virus (RRV) belonging to the genus Emaravirus. RRD is transmitted by the eriophyid mite Phyllocoptes fructiphilus and grafting. Symptoms of the disease include excessive lateral shoot growth, an abundance of thorns, witches' broom, leaf proliferation, deformed leaves and flowers, mosaic patterns, red pigmentation, and eventually plant death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of novel fungicide treatments, NinjaTM, at various application rates, intervals, and methods in managing RRD. Treatments were applied preventively as a sprench (7-day interval) or drench (14-day interval). Pink Knock Out® rose plants were inoculated with RRD on the same day as fungicide treatments. For inoculation, rose plants were exposed to two mite-infested rose terminals (approximately 4 inches long, with 4-5 leaves), collected from RRD symptomatic shrubs in Rutherford Co., TN. Each plant received about 20 mites. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with ten single-plant replications and conducted twice in a quarantined greenhouse at the Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center in McMinnville, TN. At the end of the trials, data on the total number of shoots, number of shoots exhibiting RRD symptoms, open flowers, and phytotoxicity were collected. Two sepals from each plant were randomly selected for mite quantification under a dissecting microscope. The proportion of shoots with RRD was calculated by using the number of affected shoots to the total number of shoots. Rosette severity was rated using a scale of 0-3, where 0= no rosettes, 1= one rosette, 2= two rosettes and 3= three or more rosettes. RRD severity was rated on a scale of 0-3, where 0= no symptoms, 1= one shoot with symptoms, 2= two shoots with symptoms, and 3= three or more shoots with symptoms. Results indicated no significant difference in RRD severity between treated and non-treated control plants. However, plants treated with 11 oz NinjaTM exhibited a significantly lower rosette rating compared to the control plants. Furthermore, both the 8 oz and 11 oz NinjaTM treatments significantly reduced the proportion of shoots with RRD. No significant differences were found in mite count per sepal or open flowers among any of the treated and non-treated control plants. These findings suggest that biochemical pesticide treatment may offer a promising strategy to reduce RRD infection in roses.
Speakers
CJ

Christina Jennings

Tennessee State University
Co-authors
CO

cansu oksel

Tennessee State University
FB

Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Tennessee State University
NA
KD

Kumuditha D Hikkaduwa Epa Liyanage

Tennessee State University
NA
PL

Prabha Liyanapathiranage

Tennessee Department of Agriculture
NA
TS

Terri Simmons

Tennessee State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Nursery Crops

12:15pm CDT

POM 2 - Apple Orchards of Sonoma County - UC Cooperative Extension
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Sonoma County, California is home to many small- to mid-scale apple orchards with diverse cultivars, management approaches and sales outlets. This poster will outline recent UC Cooperative Extension apple programming that responds to high-priority needs identified by apple growers, orchardists, and processors in this region. The new UCCE Specialty Crops Advisor based in Sonoma, Marin, and Napa Counties conducted a Needs Assessment that identified key issues and challenges for sustainable apple orchard system management. This poster will summarize key findings from the Needs Assessment. Stakeholders asked for educational programming on key topics to improve apple orchard health and yield. In response, outreach and Extension education activities focused on science-based sustainable apple orchard management strategies to accelerate practice implementation. This poster will outline these Extension efforts that responded to the Needs Assessment findings and will present evaluation survey results. For instance, stakeholders specifically asked for apple orchard management webinars, so the CE Advisor worked with local and UC partners to deliver a 5-part educational apple webinar series covering key aspects of sustainable apple orchard management. Findings showed that webinars increased attendees’ knowledge (100% of 35 respondents) and 97% reported they will use knowledge gained to manage apple orchards more sustainably. The CE Advisor worked closely with commercial apple growers to address tree health challenges in the orchard on a case-by-case basis. The most common pest issues in the region include codling moth, a suite of diseases, and rodents. Many apple orchards are managed as low-input systems, so tree water stress and nutrient deficiencies are common. The CE Advisor used science-based information and strategies to help growers address these issues. With grower permission, local apple orchard growers’ “Success Stories” are included in Extension educational presentations and materials to highlight examples of sustainable apple orchard management. This poster will include several of these “Success Stories” highlights. This poster will present findings outlining apple growers’ needs for Extension education and applied research in Sonoma County, California. It will outline UCCE activities implemented to increase growers’ practical knowledge and skills to guide sustainable decision making, increase orchard health and yield, and promote grower-to-grower knowledge sharing. Findings will help guide future work to enhance apple orchard sustainability and apple supply for the local food system.
Speakers
EA

Ellie Andrews

Specialty Crops Advisor for Sonoma, Marin, and Napa Counties, UC ANR
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 1
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source UC ANR

12:15pm CDT

POM 2 - Evaluation of 4-Vita Biostimulant and Promalin in Mitigating Green Spot in ‘WA 38’ Apple
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
With more than 20 million of trees planted in Washington State, ‘WA 38’ apple, commercialized as ‘Cosmic Crisp®’, is channeling the interest of the apple industry. Since the variety hit the market in 2019, consumers reported positive eating experiences and appreciation for its crispiness and juiciness. In suitable growing conditions, ‘WA 38’ can achieve high red coloration and satisfactory pack-out. One of the causes of loss is the ‘green spot’ (GS) disorder that impacts mainly the stem-hemisphere of the apple displaying skin discolored areas that might degenerate affecting the cortex. The onset of the GS occurs at the end of July, and the disorder incidence at harvest fluctuates year to year. Several mitigations approaches were investigated, but only bagging fruit at early stage of development provided positive results. Because the bagging practice is not economically sustainable on commercial scale, the application of a new foliar biostimulant (Plants for Plants 4-Vita) and Promalin (GA4 7 BA) were tested against untreated control. 4-Vita aims to protect the trees by abiotic stressors like drought and heat, stimulating water use efficiency and productivity. On the other hand, Promalin is known to improve fruit shape and size and reduce russeting by increasing epidermis cell elasticity. Our hypothesis focused on the potential positive effects of a biostimulant and a PGR in mitigating the GS in ‘WA 38’. The products were tested in season 2023 on a Granny Smith/M9-T337 orchard top-grafted in 2015 with ‘WA/38’ scions and trained to spindle, by applying them separately on distinct rows, bi-monthly, starting at 4 weeks AFB for 4 times. Productive parameters, pack out and GS incidence GS were assessed for each treatment. Results showed that Plants for Plants 4-Vita and Promalin did not improve yield and did not significantly mitigate the incidence of GS in comparison to untreated control.
Speakers
SM

Stefano Musacchi

Washington State University
Co-authors
SS

Sara Serra

Washington State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 1
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source WSU Endowment

12:15pm CDT

POM 2 - Field Evaluation of Six Grafted Cherry (Prunus avium) cultivars under Northwest New Mexico Growing Conditions
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
RELEVANCE Sweet cherries (Prunus avium) have some historical production in the Four Corners area with renewed interest for fresh eating, baking, juicing and distilling. RESPONSE Six grafted cultivars were planted March 2014 as bare-root, 3-year old tree seedlings on a high mesa location at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington at 5,640 feet above sea level (36°4’ N by 108° W). Cultivars ‘Bing’, ‘Skeena’, ‘Rainier’, ‘Benton’, ‘Santina’ and ‘Coral’ were grafted onto either Krymsk 5 or Krymsk 6 rootstock. Yield data was collected for 2019 and 2021 growing seasons. Trees were pruned during winter dormancy beginning in 2020 to control height. Lower yields in 2021 compared to 2019 are attributed to extensive pruning and to bird damage that was noticeably more impactful in 2021 compared to 2019. In all other years since planting, killing spring frosts reduced or eliminated flower production resulting in little to no fruit yield. When harvested, fruit sugar content (measured in °brix; the higher the °brix, the sweeter) ranged from 15.3° to 22.1° brix in 2019 and 13.3° to 24.6° in 2021. Sugar content is acceptable for any number of post-harvest fresh market to fermentation applications. IMPACT Cherry trees are among the first fruit trees to break dormancy on a high mesa site in Northwest, NM and have been prone to damaging spring frosts resulting in flower death and reduced fruit yields. When cherry have yielded, post-harvest metrics have favorable sugar content. Growers can expect to have non-bearing years related to spring frost risk and are advised to have cherry plantings as part of a diversified cropping system to lessen risk during non-fruitful years. PUBLIC VALUE STATEMENT The work is helping to support northwest New Mexico fruit growers.
Speakers
KL

Kevin Lombard

New Mexico State University
Kevin Lombard is a Professor of Horticulture and Research Director of the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, a 250 acre research farm uniquely located on the Navajo Nation. His research encompasses specialty crop evaluations including grapes, fruit... Read More →
Co-authors
BM

Bernd Maier

Amaro Winery and Taproom
NA
CV

Ciro Velasco-Cruz

New Mexico State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 1
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source New Mexico Attorney General’s Office (GR0007668) through the Northwest New Mexico Agriculture Restoration Project

12:15pm CDT

POM 2 - High tunnel stone fruit production in northern New Mexico
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Late spring frost is a major challenge to stone and pome fruit production in northern New Mexico. In this study, three cultivars of peach (Prunus persica)—Challenger, China Pearl, and Contender on Nemaguard rootstocks were planted at 4x10ft planting density with three replications in a 30x72ft high tunnel in April 2017, but severe leaf chlorosis appeared later in the season. We kept the better west row and removed the central and east row. In 2018, tissue-cultured GF677 and Rootpac® R were planted in May and budded in August 2018. Trees were trained to open vase system. Thermostat-controlled propane heaters and fans were employed for frost protection. In 2021, we began securing the sidewalls and the doors of the high tunnel and setting up heaters. In 2022 and 2023, the high tunnel system plus heating system was sufficient to protect blooms and fruitlets from late frosts, and yields averaged 15.8 kg/tree in 2022 and 12.3 kg/tree in 2023, respectively. There was no significant difference among cultivars in either year. However, there were significant differences between rootstocks in 2022, with trees on Nemaguard averaging 24.3 kg/tree across cultivars, while trees on GF677 and Rootpac® R averaging 11.2 and 11.8 kg/tree, respectively. The nearly two years older in age for trees on Nemaguard could contribute to this difference in 2022. There was also a reasonable crop in 2024. By the end of 2024, Trees on Nemaguard with 1-2ft new growth were smaller than plants on GF677 and Rootpac® R, with 1.5-4 ft new growth. There were limited replications in this high tunnel study but GF677 and Rootpac® R were more suitable than Nemaguard rootstock for the high pH soil conditions in New Mexico. Cherry had limited fruit set during this study. In 2022 and 2023, we observed deformed flowers without petals and some flowers with blackened pistils. Only handfuls of cherries were harvested in both 2022 and 2023. The high temperatures inside the high tunnel in summer could affect the floral bud initiation/ development. More studies are needed to clarify the deformed flowers. Growers should be cautious with sweet cherry production in high tunnels in northern New Mexico.
Speakers
SY

Shengrui Yao

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
RH

Robert Heyduck

New Mexico State University
NA
SG

Steven Guldan

New Mexico State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 1

12:15pm CDT

POM 2 - Irrigation And Foliar Fertilization Effects On Yield And Fruit Quality Of Peaches.
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Previous studies in the southeastern United States have reported benefits of irrigated vs non irrigated orchards, including no major effects of soil-applied fertilizers on fruit yield and quality. However, the benefits of irrigation systems and foliar fertilization effects on yield, and fruit nutrient profiles and quality are limited. This study was conducted in a nine-year-old peach orchard using a split-plot randomized complete block design with two irrigation systems, drip vs micro-sprinkler as whole-plots, and foliar treatments as split plots. Preharvest foliar applications included water (control), nanocellulose crystals (CNC 3%), Calcium (Ca 6%), Potassium Silicate (K2SiO3), plus the combination of CNC with Ca and K2SiO3. Trees received no soil-applied fertilization, and irrigation was managed using the Peach Smart Irrigation App recommendations (https://smartirrigationapps.org/peach-app/). Even though no significant differences were observed in irrigation systems or foliar treatments for fruit weight or perimeter, all foliar treatments resulted in higher total yield compared to the control under drip irrigation. Under micro-sprinkler irrigation, only K2SiO3 and CNC increased total yield relative to the control. Regarding texture, control fruit showed decreased firmness after two weeks of storage at 2 °C and 90% relative humidity. There were main effects of irrigation in total soluble solids (TSS), where micro-sprinkler (10.27%) had higher TSS than drip irrigation (9.67%). Overall, these findings suggest that drip irrigation and foliar applications, particularly with CNC and K2SiO3, may enhance yield in peaches.
Speakers
SC

Selvin Carrillo Ramos

University of Georgia
Co-authors
DC

Dario Chavez

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 1

12:15pm CDT

POM 2 - Visualization of Regional Fruit Growth Rate in Persimmons Using 3D Phenotyping
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Understanding fruit growth and developmental patterns is crucial, as they directly influence fruit size, morphology, and ultimately, yield. While conventional models describe fruit growth and development based on parameters for the whole fruit, how tissue growth in different fruit regions is coordinated to drive overall fruit growth and development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between the spatial variation of growth rates and fruit morphology in persimmon (Diospyros kaki), a fruit tree species with highly diverse fruit morphology. Starting two weeks after blooming, fruits from four cultivars were marked with dotted lines routinely. Those fruits were sampled and used for the reconstruction of 3D fruit models. The relative positions and distances between points marked were used as parameters for the local growth. All cultivars exhibited more active growth near the calyx than near the apex, particularly during the early stages of fruit development. However, the extent of these spatial differences varied among cultivars. In flattened fruits, growth was highly concentrated near the calyx, with remaining minimal in other portions. In contrast, elongated fruits exhibited a gradual growth gradient from the calyx toward the apex, with high growth even near the apex. These findings provide a foundation for fruit shape regulation and elucidation of physiological disorders in persimmon.
Speakers
AK

Akane KUSUMI

Graduate school of Agriculture, Kyoto University
Co-authors
RT

Ryutaro Tao

Kyoto University
NA
SN

Soichiro Nishiyama

Kyoto University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 1
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI grant no. 24KJ1497 to AK

12:15pm CDT

WUM - Assessing the Environmental Impact of Irrigation and Fertilization Practices in Greenhouses Using the Gray Water Footpri
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Agricultural runoff can contaminate surface and groundwater through the accumulation of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P). The Gray Water Footprint (GWF) estimates the volume of freshwater required to dilute pollutants to achieve target water quality standards. GWF can be used to compare the environmental impact of agricultural practices, such as irrigation and fertilization. In this project, we estimated and compared the GWF of three irrigation systems and two fertilizer rates in the production of Petunia milliflora F1 (Picobella Pink) in greenhouses. The experiment was a split plot design with two factors: irrigation (overhead, drip irrigation, and subirrigation) and control released fertilizer (CRF) rates (2.1gN-1.26gP-1.68gK or 1.8gN-1.08gP-1.44gK per pot). Plant growth and leachate were measured weekly. GWF was estimated with nitrate or phosphate from the leachate recovered from the containers. Significant differences were observed by irrigation system, but not by CRF rate or the interaction between the factors. In general, GWF (L of water to dilute the pollutant) of phosphate was higher than nitrate. The subirrigation, closed irrigation system had zero GWF because it does not release any leachate. Fertilizer inputs can be reduced while effectively maintaining the quality of petunia in container-production; however, it did not affect pollution rates. In contrast, the choice of irrigation system had a significant effect on nitrate and phosphate runoff rates.
Speakers
AP

Alvaro Pantoja-Benavides

University of Connecticut
Co-authors
RR

Rosa Raudales

University of Connecticut
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

WUM - Comparison of Three Common Brands of Smart Irrigation Controllers to Evaluate Their Water Saving Potential for Sage (Sal
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Improving irrigation efficiency is essential for sustainable agricultural production. Smart irrigation technologies enhance water-use efficiency by integrating wireless communication, advanced sensors, and adaptive scheduling based on actual plant water requirements and weather conditions. Unlike traditional fixed-schedule timers, smart controllers dynamically adjust irrigation to optimize water use. This study aimed to compare three commercially available smart irrigation controllers: Hunter® Hydrawise (Hunter Industries, San Marcos, CA, USA), Orbit® B-hyve (Salt Lake City, UT, USA), and Rachio (Rachio Inc., Denver, CO, USA). The experiment was conducted at the Utah State University Greenville Experiment Station in Logan, Utah, USA. The experimental site (18.5 m x 6.4 m) comprised 12 plots (1.8 m x 1.8 m each), arranged in a completely randomized block design with three blocks, each containing four treatments (three smart controllers and one control). The control plot operated on a fixed timer: 20 minutes of irrigation daily managed by Rachio, whereas the other three smart controllers operated independently utilizing the weather data to schedule irrigation. Each plot was equipped with four sprinkler heads positioned at the corners. Controllers were installed and configured following manufacturer guidelines, utilizing Wi-Fi-enabled communication with their respective software applications. Each controller was configured, ensuring similar settings for a fair comparison, adhering to their respective technical features. Plugs of sage plants were transplanted in 7.5 L containers filled with Metro-Mix® 820 substrate. Initially, plants were irrigated daily for 20 minutes for two weeks to ensure proper establishment. Subsequently, the smart controllers managed irrigation based on real-time weather data, maintaining substrate moisture between 25-30% volumetric water content. Results showed significantly higher total water use in the control plots compared to those managed by smart controllers. Among the smart controllers, Hunter Hydrawise consumed significantly more water than Orbit and Rachio. Growth parameters including plant height, growth index, biomass, and visual appearance did not differ significantly across treatments. However, flower dry weight was significantly higher under Orbit compared to the control and Hydrawise, and similar to Rachio. Physiological parameters such as assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) remained consistent among all treatments. This study will be replicated during the upcoming summer to further validate the findings and enhance the reliability of the results.
Speakers
AC

Anju Chaudhary

Utah State University
Co-authors
SP

Shital Poudyal

Utah State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

WUM - Evapotranspiration of Young Pecan Orchard in the Mesilla Valley, NM
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Dona Ana County is one of the largest producers of pecans in the nation, making this area one of the most significant pecan production regions in the world. However, it is facing a shortage of water due to prolonged drought in the region. Management of water to grow crops, including pecan, is crucial to sustaining the agricultural industry in the region. This study assesses the evapotranspiration (ET) of a flood-irrigated young pecan orchard planted in 2021 in the Valley. This orchard has a partial canopy cover of pecan and pasture as a cover crop above the soil. In this orchard, ET was measured using an eddy covariance system and calculated as a residual using the energy budget method. Results indicate that ET primarily varies between 2.5 and 5.5 mm/day from June to August in the years 2021 and 2022.
Speakers
UP

Uduwarage Perera

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
AS

A. Salim Bawazir

New Mexico State University
NA
AF

Alexander Fernald

New Mexico State University
NA
RH

Richard Heerema

New Mexico State University
NA
TK

Thanushan Kirupairaja

New Mexico State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Water Utilization and Management

12:15pm CDT

WUM - Greener Landscapes in a Drier World: Identifying Drought-Tolerant Ornamentals Plants in a Changing Climate for Western O
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Climate change, including rising average global temperatures, prolonged drought, and irregular weather patterns, presents significant challenges to landscape plant communities. Urban green spaces are vital to support mental health, mitigate urban heat island effects, and foster community cohesion. The objective of this project is to evaluate the drought-tolerance and ecosystem services of several ornamental plants. We hypothesize that, compared to other species, slow-growing broadleaf deciduous plants will exhibit superior drought resilience by sustaining greater biomass, attracting more pollinators, and preserving aesthetic value in the landscape. The trial was established April 20204, at Oregon State University’s Lewis-Brown Research Station in Corvallis, Oregon on a Chehalis silt clay loam. Experimental design is a randomized complete block with four replications. The single factor is plant taxa, which include 17 unique taxa of monocots, broadleaf deciduous and broadleaf evergreen, and conifer. From May 15, 2024 to Aug 30, 2024 date individual plants received an average of 1 gallon of water per week applied using a 0.5 GPH emitter. Their performance was assessed using leaf area index (LAI), plant height and width, presence of living leaves, pollinator activity, and volumetric water content (VWC). All plants survived the initial establishment in spring of 2024 and subsequent summer irrigation of 0.5 gallons per week per plant. Allium, Muscari armeniacum, and Narcissus exhibited vegetative growth in spring, fall, and winter, and summer dormancy or drought avoidance. Ceanothus, Cornus stolonifera, and Physocarpus opulifolius, being deciduous plants, retained foliage in spring, summer, and fall, and winter dormancy. After the first year, we found that broadleaf deciduous species tolerated drought while increasing in height and width, while enhancing urban green spaces during the spring and summer months. Juniperus squamata, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Arctostaphylos coloradoensis maintained year-round green vegetation. In summer of 2025 no irrigation will be applied, and data will be collated until July and presented at the this conference. After the first year, we found that broadleaf deciduous species tolerated drought while increasing in height and width, while enhancing urban green spaces during the spring and summer months. Findings from this study will provide data-driven recommendations to improve ecological management and guide the landscape industry in selecting climate-adapted species for the Pacific Northwest.
Speakers
CS

Christian Sanchez

Oregon State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Water Utilization and Management

12:15pm CDT

WUM - Measuring evapotranspiration rates in commercial broccoli fields - Salinas Valley, CA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Salinas Valley is a major U.S. production region for cool-season vegetables. As regional producers work to achieve groundwater sustainability, there is a growing need to improve irrigation efficiency while sustaining crop yields. Recent advancements and availability in satellite-derived evapotranspiration (ET) data provide opportunities to inform on-farm water management. Quantifying the accuracy and limitations of these methods, however, remains important to build trust for increased operational adoption. This is especially the case for short-season vegetable crops, where performance evaluations of satellite-derived ET have been limited to-date. OpenET is a free, publicly-available platform that uses an ensemble of six satellite-based models to monitor and archive daily-to-monthly ET throughout the western U.S. at 0.25 acre resolution. In this study, daily OpenET values were compared with in-situ ET data from an eddy covariance system deployed in commercial broccoli fields during 2023 (66 days) and 2024 (76 days). Applied water was measured by an on-site digital flow meter, and precipitation was recorded by a nearby weather station. Cumulative totals from the OpenET ensemble mean were within 8.2% and 0.7% of in-situ data during the 2023 and 2024 deployment periods, respectively. Summary performance metrics were within previously published ranges for cropland sites during 2023 (mean bias error: 0.27 mm/day, mean absolute error: 0.65 mm/day) and 2024 (mean bias error: 0.02 mm/day, mean absolute error: 0.61 mm/day). Ensemble ET totals represented 88% of the 344 mm of total water received from irrigation and rainfall for the full crop cycle in 2023 (92 days), and 67% of 518 mm water received during 2024 (101 days). Results indicate OpenET quantified crop water consumption at these two sites with reasonable accuracy, while revealing differences in irrigation application efficiency. Additional discussion will address potential sources of satellite model uncertainty, challenges of collecting eddy covariance data in commercial plantings of short-season horticultural crops, and future verification efforts planned for regional high value specialty crops.
Speakers
MB

Michael Biedebach

California State University, Monterey Bay
Co-authors
AP

Adam Purdy

California State University, Monterey Bay
NA
LJ

Lee Johnson

California State University, Monterey Bay
NA
MC

Michael Cahn

UC Cooperative Extension
RS

Ryan Solymar

California State University, Monterey Bay
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Water Utilization and Management

12:15pm CDT

WUM - The foliar application of silicon on the production agrícola of mini watermelon cv. Sugar baby cause mitigating effects
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The Plants in ambient conditions are subject to dealing with biotic and abiotic stresses. Water deficit, being an abiotic stress, causes changes in plants that make them respond in several ways, such as reduced growth, leaf senescence and lower fruit growth rate, production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), caused by a deficiency in the dissipation of energy due to impaired photosynthesis. The application of silicon becomes an alternative to mitigate the effects of this stress on plants, being deposited in the cell wall, providing rigidity, and increasing the plant's defense enzymes. The study aimed to understand the morphological, physical, and post-harvest responses of mini watermelon according to different soil humidity associated with the foliar application of silicon. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using the mini watermelon cv. Sugar Baby. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with three water tensions in the soil (-35 kPa without water deficit, -50 kPa moderate water deficit, and -65 KPa severe water deficit) and two doses of foliar Si (0 and 1.5 g L-1), with four repetitions. The variables plant length, stem diameter and shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total soluble carbohydrates, proline, gas exchange, and post-harvest analyses were analyzed. There was a significant difference for the variables (p>0.05), but there was no interaction between tension and Si. Proline levels were not statistically significant. The water deficit promoted shorter plant length, aerial part dry mass, root dry mass and Si provided greater stem diameter. For biochemical variables, water deficit caused a higher carbohydrate content in the leaf and lower gas exchange rates. Si influenced skin thickness and average fruit weight. Thus, SI proves to be a strategy for cultivating mini watermelon in conditions of deficient water application.
Speakers
MM

Marcio Mesquita

Federal University of Goiás
Co-authors
HO

Henrique Oliveira

Goiano Federal Institute
MG

Moemy Gomes de Moraes

Federal University of Goias
NA
RB

Rafael Battisti

Federal University of Goias
NA
RA

Ricardo Aparecido dos Santos

Federal University of Goias
NA
RA

Rilner Alves Flores

Federal University of Goias
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:30pm CDT

Exhibitor Talk - Apogee Instruments
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Speakers
avatar for John Huber

John Huber

Apogee Instruments
At Apogee Instruments, our mission is to help you make better measurements. This means more than just creating and selling research-grade sensors at an excellent price, it involves understanding your needs, supplying solutions, and providing the world-class support you need to succeed... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Hort Theater

12:30pm CDT

UG 2 - Understanding Barriers to Sustainable Practices of Florists in the U.S.
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Having bloomed into a multi-billion dollar industry, floral industry businesses are striving for sustainable solutions to their environmental, social, and economic impact. However, information regarding how often sustainable practices are being used is largely unknown. There is limited comprehensive data on the current state and future plans of sustainability within the sector. Consequently, the study addresses the need to understand the sustainability practices among florists in the United States. Surveys were distributed via industry groups such as: American Floral Endowment, Society of American Florists, American Specialty Cut Flower Growers, American Hort’s Cultivate; accumulating to a total of 107 respondents. In order to provide a diverse representation of the industry, growers, suppliers, wholesalers, and florists were surveyed. This presentation will focus exclusively on florist results. The results show that while florists exhibit strong personal motivations for sustainability, significant barriers persist. For example, cost remains the top barrier to adoption. These findings emphasize the need for increased educational efforts and resources to support current sustainable practices and adoption of future practices of florists. Ultimately, this research opens the door for any florist thinking about incorporating sustainability into their company by identifying the issues that other florists are currently facing.
Speakers
AL

Allison Langston

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
AS

Amanda Solliday

North Carolina State University
PhD student at NC State University conducting sustainability and climate research in cut flowers and ornamentals.
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Foster 1

12:30pm CDT

Fruit, Vegetable, and Edible Crops Collaboration Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 1:30pm CDT
A forum for discussion of potential collaborations with regards to fruit, vegetable, and edible crops – i.e. citrus, breeding, production systems, postharvest, pomology, crop management, viticulture, etc.
Presiding/Moderator
RB

Rebecca Brown

Professor and Chair, University of Rhode Island
I work with peri-urban vegetable production, saffron production and roadside vegetation for southern New England. I am the Vice-President Elect for Extension.
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 1:30pm CDT
Collaboration Center, Empire AB

12:30pm CDT

Editorial Board Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 1:30pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:30pm - 1:30pm CDT
Strand 14

12:45pm CDT

Exhibitor Talk - Extracting Phenotypic Data from Imaging Systems in Field and Greenhouse
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Image analysis is rapidly becoming a domain standard in the crop research and breeding community. In this presentation we will discuss image acquisition, trait extraction, image query, and data visualization. We will highlight some use cases to describe how imaging tools have impacted specific research programs.
Speakers
LW

Lee West

Business Development Director, Hiphen
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Hort Theater

12:45pm CDT

UG 2 - Studying the market potential for a dried flower petal confetti produced from floral retailer organic waste
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Vast quantities of organic waste are generated each year at retail floral shops much of which is discarded as municipal waste solids (MSW) by retailers. Plastic party confetti is also produced at a large scale and is used throughout the world for celebrations. Microplastics are increasingly a global environmental threat where they have been detected in not only in the soil and freshwater and ocean systems, but also in the atmosphere and even groundwater. The purpose of the study was to investigate the value, marketability and willingness to pay for a recycled dried flower petal confetti product created from retail floral providers organic waste. Flower petals and foliage pieces for drying were collected from local floral vendors as well as from spent and shattered flowers during the course of multiple semesters of university-level Floral Design course and program flowers. Flower petals and foliage pieces were air-dried in a cool, dark room in thin layers laid out in cardboard boxes and then packaged in 1-2 cup quantities in small paper sacks. They were labeled with printed stickers outlining their recycled nature and source. Students self-selected for the study by volunteering to participate. They were surveyed using a tool posted via Qualtrics that they could access on their cellphone and complete within 5 -7 minutes. Participants were asked if they use confetti and if they plan to purchase confetti for a graduation event. Next, they were asked to consider a sample of the flower petal confetti and how much they would be willing to pay for a bag (1-2 cups) of the flower petal confetti while viewing and touching the product. Results of the study indicated the potential value of this material that is currently mostly landfilled at this time. Recent research found floral consumers are willing to pay more for floral products from florists who implement sustainable practices into their operations, so the practice of drying floral waste could have this value as well.
Speakers
ID

Isabella Dodson

Texas State University
NA
Co-authors
CE

Cole Etheredge

Mississippi State University
TW

Tina Waliczek Cade

Texas State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Foster 1

12:59pm CDT

Thursday Poster Session 6
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:59pm - 1:45pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 12:59pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

UG 2 - Marketing Investment: A Study of Growers, Retailers, and Landscapers in the Green Industry
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
The green industry is the growth, input, and sale of any plant that is used for ornamental purposes. Businesses with the green industry are growers, landscapers, and retailers. This study presents insights from a national Green Industry survey that examined U.S. industry member responses on the costs of marketing. The survey was distributed digitally, and physical copies were mailed to business addresses. Businesses answered questions consisted of total sales spent on advertising, use of social and traditional media outlets, market outlets, and sales methods. Businesses were organized by size of firm: small ($1M). Results show that 38.5% were small businesses, 18.4% were medium, and 29.2% were large. Social media marketing was most used (84% of businesses surveyed). Additionally, on average 2.55% of sales was spent on marketing per firm. This data can give current and future members of industry a benchmark on marketing expenditures by firm size and type of marketing strategy.
Speakers
DM

Daniel Morales

North Carolina State University
NA
Co-authors
DT

Daniel Tregeagle

North Carolina State University
NA
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 2
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Horticulture Research Institute

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Dynamic 24-hour Lighting Can Maintain Winter Greenhouse Strawberry Production While Reducing Lighting Electricity Cost
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Greenhouse strawberry greenhouse production in Ontario, Canada has dramatically increased in recent years. This rise in strawberry production is primarily driven by consumer demand for high quality fruit year-round. To achieve true year-round production, supplemental lighting is needed to compensate for the low sunlight condition during the winter months. Photoperiod extension (up to 24 hour(h)) is a promising strategy which can be implemented in Canada as the utility companies incentivize the use of low cost, off-peak electricity use during the night. Our study aimed to look at the impact of various lighting treatments with photoperiods up to 24h on strawberry growth, production, and fruit quality. Three ever-bearing strawberry cultivars ‘Albion’, ‘Favori’, and ‘Bravura’ were grown in four adjacent double-poly greenhouse at the Harrow Research and Development Centre in Harrow, Ontario, Canada from fall of 2023 to spring 2024. The plants were subject to 4 lighting treatments: 16h of white light (16W), 16h of white light plus far-red (16WFR), 16h of white light followed by 8h of blue light (16W8B), and 16h of white light followed by 8h of blue and far-red light (16W8BFR). Plants under all light treatments were subject to the same DLI. In all strawberry cultivars, plants grown under 16W8BFR produced a similar fruit number and cumulative fruit weight as those grown under 16W and 16WFR. In addition, strawberry fruit produced from plants grown under both 16W8B and 16W8BFR had similar Brix or titratable acidity values when compared to fruit from 16W and 16WFR treatments. In depth physiological responses to extended photoperiods will also be discussed. The results show that in three ever-bearing strawberry cultivars, 24h lighting is a viable production strategy which can reduce the electrical cost associated with lighting while maintaining fruit yield and quality.
Speakers
XH

Xiuming Hao

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
Co-authors
CL

Celeste Little

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
NA
JL

Jason Lanoue

Agriculture
SS

Sarah St. Louis

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Effect of Growth-Promoting Bacteria on Strawberry Yield Under Soilless Greenhouse Conditions
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Bacterial endophytes, which live inside plants, could be beneficial by enhancing plant growth, improving stress tolerance, and combating diseases. In a previous study, greenhouse soil-based strawberries inoculated with endophytes exhibited over 60% more root growth. Field strawberry research demonstrated an average marketable yield increase of 15% from a single endophyte (IALR619) across multiple sites. However, high environment variability, resulted in inconsistent yield performance at these field sites. Since greenhouse hydroponics allows the regulation of nutrients and climate variables, it was hypothesized that the addition of growth-promoting bacteria would result in higher yields. In a pilot run, three bacteria and three day-neutral strawberry cultivars were screened. Based on the preliminary results, two endophytes, IALR1379 and IALR619, were tested on the strawberry cultivar Albion using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. IALR619 is mainly a biocontrol bacterium with moderate ability to synthesize plant hormone auxin and solubilize insoluble phosphate compounds. IALR1379 has high activity of auxin synthesis, N-fixing, and solubilization of insoluble phosphates. Bato buckets filled with perlite were planted with strawberry bare roots in the Fall of 2024. Each replication or unit consisted of five Bato buckets connected to a single nutrient reservoir, with four plants per bucket. EC and pH were maintained at 1 ± 0.01 and 6 ± 0.01. The treatments included IALR1379 and IALR619 inoculated plants and a non-inoculated control. First bacterial inoculation was done when new leaves appeared, followed by a second treatment applied one month later. Fruits were harvested weekly over nine instances, and the fresh weight of marketable, unmarketable, and diseased fruits was recorded separately. The quality of the fruits was determined by measuring the BRIX index of 4-5 fully ripe fruits. Chlorophyll content was measured using a SPAD meter. The average marketable yield of IALR619-treated plants was 8128 g, while IALR1379 treated plants and control plants recorded 7474 g and 7071 g, respectively. Although these values were not statistically significant, the yield increase of IALR619-treated plants was 14.9% higher compared to the control. SPAD values and BRIX index for different treatments were not significant. The beneficial effects of endophytes are most evident when plants are under stress. This experiment will be repeated in the spring to determine whether endophytes and can help strawberries to tolerate summer heat and achieve higher yields.
Speakers
BA

Bimal Amaradasa

Institute for Advance Learning and Research
Dr. Sajeewa Amaradasa joined IALR in 2018 as a plant pathologist. His research is focused on investigating beneficial plant bacterial endophytes to control economically important diseases of crops. Dr. Amaradasa’s work involves collecting crop-specific fungal plant pathogens important... Read More →
Co-authors
AT

Amy Turner

The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research
NA
SL

Scott Lowman

The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source The USDA SCBGP grant administered by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Genetic Improvement of Fruit and Vegetable Crops for Enhanced Stress Resistance at CPBGG, South Carolina State Universit
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Title: Genetic Improvement of Fruit and Vegetable Crops for Enhanced Stress Resistance at CPBGG, SCSU Bazgha Zia1, Fetien A. Abera1. 1Center of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics (CPBGG), Public Service and Agriculture, South Carolina State University, 300 College Street, Orangeburg, SC 29117. The Center for Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, established in 2024 at SCSU is dedicated to advancing resilient crops through innovative breeding techniques, genetic research, and genomic technologies. The center focuses on creating resilient, high-yield crop varieties to address global food security challenges, particularly under stressors such as drought, unfavorable temperature conditions. By integrating global partnership, classical plant breeding methods with cutting-edge genomic tools, the center aims to develop superior crop varieties that meet the needs of farmers, consumers, and the agricultural industries Vegetable production faces numerous challenges, including disease pressure, drought, salinity, and extreme temperature conditions, all of which compromise the quality, yield, and nutritional value of vegetables. We invite universities, private companies, and other relevant stakeholders to collaborate with us for 1) Genetic improvement: Leveraging cutting-edge genomic tools and resources to develop crops with superior stress resistance, 2) Testing and demonstration: Partnering in the introduction and evaluation of new rootstocks, varieties, and genetic material for practical application in diverse agroecological conditions and 3) On-farm experimentation: Utilizing both on-station and farmer-partnered farms for real-world testing and genetic characterization of diverse crop genotypes. In alignment with our strategic goals, we introduced CPBGG and conducted a rapid assessment to identify the challenges farmers face in growing various crops, vegetables, and fruits in Law and Orangeburg counties. The assessment involved 65 farmers from young farmers' cooperative associations and small-scale farming communities. Our findings revealed a significant demand for better access to knowledge and technology. In fact, a few farmers even invited us to conduct experiments on their farms. This positive process underscores the importance of the center's ongoing efforts to forge partnerships with universities and private companies. We are introducing watermelon rootstocks to demonstrate and test their performance. Additionally, we are keen to collaborate in genetic improvement, using both the on-station farm and the farms of our committed farmers for the genetic characterization and genetic analysis of diverse genotypes. Through collaborative efforts, we aim to create innovative solutions for small-scale farmers and agro-businesses, improving food security and agricultural resilience.
Speakers
BZ

Bazgha Zia

South Carolina State University
Co-authors
FA

Fetein A. Abera

South Carolina State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Interaction of Photoperiod and Temperature on Flowering of Short- and Long-day Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Cultivar
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) ranks third among fruits produced in the United States and continues to gain popularity among consumers. Its adaptability for controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) based production system makes strawberries an attractive fruit crop for year-round production. However, achieving optimal productivity requires precise management of flowering for fruit yield and suppressing flowers for more runner production for nursery propagation. Therefore, understanding how different cultivars respond to environmental factors such as temperature and photoperiods is essential. This study explored the flowering pattern of two strawberry cultivars, 'Seascape' (long-day) and 'Earliglow' (short-day), under varying temperatures (12°C, 20°C, and 28°C) and photoperiod conditions. In experiment 1, both cultivars were grown in growth chambers at a 16-hour photoperiod for eight weeks. 'Seascape,' despite being a long-day cultivar, did not show flowering under these conditions, while 'Earliglow,' as anticipated, also did not initiate flower due to its short-day requirements. In experiment 2, plants were grown in a growth chamber under a short photoperiod (12 hours) at the same temperature treatments before being transferred to greenhouse conditions (16-hour photoperiod, 22°C). Interestingly, both cultivars previously exposed to 28°C initiated flowering earlier compared to other treatments. Notably, 'Seascape,' despite its classification as a long-day cultivar, demonstrated a clear dependency on the short-day induction period for flower initiation. 'Earliglow' plants exposed to 12°C exhibited delayed flowering. However, these plants developed elongated inflorescences and produced significantly higher numbers of flowers over time than plants exposed to higher temperatures (20°C and 28°C). Further investigation into these phenomena through transcriptomic, metabolomic, and hormonomic analyses is necessary to characterize the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the photoperiod and temperature interaction in strawberry flowering.
Speakers
MH

Mahadi Hasan Redoy

University of Tennessee
Co-authors
EW

Ethan W. Darby

The University of Tennessee
NA
TI

Tabibul Islam

University of Tennessee
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Light Quality Impacts on Rooting and Growth of Strawberry Cuttings in Controlled Vertical Farming Conditions
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The demand for vigorous strawberry plantlets is increasing to ensure stable production, but challenges in producing disease-free plantlets have emerged due to external environmental changes, including abnormal weather patterns. Additionally, developing a strawberry vertical farm export model is crucial for expanding the global market for high-quality Korean strawberries. To achieve this, optimal nursery technology is required to produce healthy plantlets under stable, disease-free conditions. This study aimed to determine the optimal light quality to enhance the propagation efficiency of strawberry cuttings in a controlled vertical farming system. Strawberry cuttings of the ‘Sulhyang’ cultivar were collected from a greenhouse on December 9, 2024, and transplanted into a vertical farm on December 10. The plants were grown in an environmentally controlled system maintained at 23°C, 70% relative humidity, a 16-hour photoperiod, and a light intensity of 300 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. The medium contained 165 mL of mixed substrates, and 24-cutting trays (500 × 330 × 100 mm) were used. The experiment consisted of four light treatments: Red Blue White (RBW), Red Blue White UV (RBW UV), Red Blue White Far-red (RBW FR), and Red Blue White UV Far-red (RBW UV FR). Growth parameters were measured at 13, 41, and 79 days after transplanting. At 13 days, plantlets under Far-red (FR) light exhibited a 40% increase in shoot length and a 43% increase in petiole length compared to those under UV treatment. Additionally, at 800 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ light intensity, the photosynthetic rate in UV-treated plantlets was 10% higher than in RBW-treated plantlets. At 41 days, the root surface area of UV-treated plantlets was 21% greater than that of RBW-treated plantlets. After 79 days, UV-treated plantlets showed a 69% increase in root strength and a 36% increase in total chlorophyll content compared to RBW treatment. These results suggest that UV treatment in vertical farms can enhance rhizosphere development and physiological capacity, leading to the production of more vigorous strawberry plantlets. This approach may contribute to the expansion of the strawberry vertical farming industry and improve the quality of plantlets for export.
Speakers
SC

Su-Hyun Choi

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
Co-authors
DK

Dae-Young Kim

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
NA
DL

Dongsoo Lee

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
NA
HR

Hee-Ryong Ryu

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
NA
HL

Hye-Eun Lee

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
NA
KY

Kyeong-Hwan Yeo

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
NA
NY

Nari Yu

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea, grant number PJ01752101

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Leaf Temperature in the Early Development of Strawberry Plants in Vertical Farming
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The study explores the relationship between light intensity and leaf temperature difference in strawberry plants grown using biotechnological tools in a vertical system under artificial full-spectrum lighting (AFSL). The research reveals scientific findings that enhance vertical farming practices and increase the sustainability of these systems. The aim of this project is to identify the light intensity, using LED panels, that provides the highest economic return for strawberry cultivation, correlating energy efficiency, morphological, and physiological characteristics in strawberry production. Increased light intensity and leaf temperature resulted in reduced plant development, lowering gas exchange, photosynthetic rates, and chlorophyll levels.
Speakers
avatar for Henrique Oliveira

Henrique Oliveira

Researcher/Full Professor, Goiano Federal Institute
Co-authors
CM

Cleiton Mateus Sousa

Instituto Federal Goiano
NA
GF

Gabriella Ferreira Goncalves

Goiano Federal Institute
NA
JL

Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Silva

Goiano Federal Institute
NA
MM

Marcio Mesquita

Federal University of Goiás
RS

Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Goiano Federal Institute and Foundation for Research Support of Goiás State (FAPEG)
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Short-term Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Results in Physiological Acclimation Within One Week for Strawberry
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a critical input for photosynthesis and subsequent plant growth. In controlled environments, CO2 can be enriched above concentrations normally found in the ambient air, which has been shown to accelerate production and increase yields of many crop species. To capitalize on these benefits, broad recommendations have been adopted to enrich CO2 at a concentration of 800-1200 μmol·mol–1. However, these initial benefits may not persist throughout crop production due to prohibitive plant acclimation. The purpose of this study was to determine the timing and severity of CO2 acclimation responses of everbearing strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) during the vegetative growth stage. Crown divisions of strawberry ‘Quinault’ were transplanted into 10.7-cm pots and grown for two weeks in walk-in growth chambers under either an ambient (450 μmol·mol–1) or enriched (900 μmol·mol–1) CO2 concentration. Temperature, relative humidity, and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) setpoints were consistent between CO2 treatments at 22/18 °C, 55/65% (day/night), and 320 µmol∙m–2∙s–1 (18-h photoperiod; daily light integral of 21 mol∙m–2∙d–1), respectively. Net photosynthesis (Anet) was surveyed daily for seven days on the same leaf using a portable leaf photosynthesis system, and A in response to internal leaf CO2 concentration (Ci) (A-Ci) curves were collected on day seven. On day 14, Anet and A-Ci curves were collected on the same leaf and on the most recently expanded new leaf, before destructive data (e.g., leaf area, dry mass) were collected. Survey measurements revealed Anet was higher for plants grown under the enriched compared to ambient CO2 concentration across all seven days. However, Anet declined after day 3 for enriched plants compared to relatively stable Anet measurements for ambient plants. After one week of exposure under treatment conditions, maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax) and maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylase (Vcmax) (both indicators of photosynthetic acclimation) were lower under the enriched compared to ambient CO2 concentration. No difference in dry mass between treatments was observed. While the higher Anet observed under the enriched CO2 concentration indicates a potential benefit for production, declining Anet after three days and physiological acclimation within one week pose possible limitations to maximizing the use of this input. Further elucidating the timing of strawberry acclimation to CO2 enrichment will help to improve control strategies for controlled environments to optimize plant yield and quality with fewer resources.
Speakers
JC

Joshua Craver

Colorado State University
Co-authors
JB

Jennifer Boldt

United States Department of Agriculture
KH

Kale Harbick

United States Department of Agriculture
NA
SP

Samantha P. Rosado

Colorado State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-NIFA-UIE Project #: 2023-70019-39371

1:00pm CDT

CE 1 - Strawberry 'Keepsake' in a greenhouse: Improving Yield, Morphology, and Photosystem Efficiency by Optimizing Far-Red Lig
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Far-red (FR) light significantly influences plant growth and development by affecting photosynthesis efficiency, photomorphogenesis, and reproductive characteristics. This study analyzed the effects of four supplemental FR light intensities (90, 60, 30, and 0 µmol/m²/s) with a peak wavelength of 35nm on the growth, yield, and physiological responses of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivar 'Keepsake' in a greenhouse setting under natural daylight. The study's findings indicate that elevated FR intensities (FR90 and FR60) promoted vegetative growth, as evidenced by elongated petioles, increased leaf area, and crown count. The increased intensity of FR light (FR90 and FR60) diminished the efficiency of Photosystem II (PSII) compared to FR0, indicating a potential disruption in PSII functionality, as non-regulated energy loss (PhiNO) was elevated in FR60 and FR90. Despite these physiological changes, the biomass of plants, as well as fruit diameter and weight, remained unaffected across all treatments. However, the net assimilation rate (NAR; grams of dry shoot biomass per cm² leaf area) was higher in FR60 compared to other treatments. In FR30, flowering was postponed by 51 days compared to other treatments, which correlated with the lowest fruit count, while FR90 and FR60 promoted early flowering with a higher fruit count, with FR60 plants reaching uniform flowering sooner than other FR treatments. The total sugar content (TSS) was marginally reduced in FR0. This study reveals that moderate FR intensity positively influences growth and yield, whereas low FR intensity may delay reproduction and overall yield in certain June-bearing strawberry varieties.
Speakers
FK

Fraidoon Karimi

University of Wyoming
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Presidential Fellowship 2023/24, University of Wyoming

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Analyzing Aflatoxin Risks Through Molecular Detection of A. flavus Strains and Co-Infection Patterns In Peanut Seeds
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Aspergillus flavus is an airborne fungus that can contaminate agricultural commodities very rapidly, including grains and nuts. This pathogen causes aflatoxin contamination in peanuts, which leads to significant crop losses and their quality, particularly in storage conditions. Accurately identifying toxin and non-toxin producing A. flavus isolates is important in terms of effective management because traditional approaches have limitations such as being less effective and time-consuming. To address this problem, we developed molecular tools to differentiate toxigenic and non-toxigenic A. flavus isolates. We identified A. flavus isolates through morphological and species-specific primer (FLA1/FLA2). Also, to characterize toxigenic and non-toxigenic A. flavus isolates, we employed a combination of approaches such as RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, and aflatoxin measurement, focusing on four genes (AflD, AflQ, AflP, AflR) from the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster with primer optimization. In addition, research on the co-infection pattern of aflatoxin contamination on peanut seeds during storage conditions is limited. To address this, we collected peanut isolates from different seed lots and performed ITS sequencing to understand the pattern of microbial communities on peanut seeds during aflatoxin contamination. Regarding aflatoxigenic and non-toxigenic A. flavus detection, different gene expression patterns were observed among four AFs biosynthesis genes. However, by combining gene expression patterns, quantification and AFs production, we differentiated toxin and non-toxin producing A. flavus isolates. These results indicated the efficacy and specificity of these molecular tools, which could be helpful for developing good molecular markers for distinguishing toxigenic and atoxigenic isolates and to manage A. flavus contamination in peanut seed lots. Our co-infection results from peanut seed lots during multiple years observed the infection of diverse microbiota along with A. flavus, which indicates other microbes co-infect with A. flavus infection. This co-infection could trigger aflatoxin production in peanut seeds. Therefore, this approach offers novel insights into peanut seed-associated microbiomes, co-infection and aflatoxin production, shedding light on the correlation between the role of microbial communities and aflatoxin contamination.
Speakers
MM

Md Mostafa Masud

Alcorn State University
Co-authors
EA

Emran Ali

Alcorn State University
NA
SW

Sumyya Waliullah

Alcorn State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Assessing Postharvest Texture Variations in Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberries Grown in Alabama
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Blueberry firmness is a crucial factor affecting shelf-life, fruit quality and consumer acceptance. Rabbiteye (RE; Vaccinium virgatum) blueberries are noted for their tough skin and lower pulp firmness compared to southern highbush (SHB; Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Yet limited firmness data is available on newly released RE genotypes bred for high yield, large berry size and increased firmness. The research objective was to evaluate weight loss, fruit firmness, and berry diameter on 14 RE and 3 SHB genotypes through storage. Blueberries were harvested from E.V. Smith Research station (Tallassee, AL) in 2024, then stored at 4 °C and 85% relative humidity. Four postharvest timepoints were followed: days 0, 14, 28, and 42 in storage. Firmness and fruit size were measured using a FruitFirm1000 texture analyzer, and weight loss was recorded using a digital scale. Significant changes in weight loss (%), firmness (g/mm), and fruit size (mm) during storage were found for the interaction between genotype and days in storage. On day 42, RE genotypes of ‘T-3081’, ‘Vernon’, and ‘T-3075’ exhibited the lowest weight loss at 7.2%, 7.8%, and 7.9%, respectively. Conversely, ‘MS1228R’ (18.3%), ‘MS1110R’ (13.6%), and ‘Titan’ (13.2%) (RE genotypes) and ‘Newhanover’ (14.9%) (SHB genotype) had the highest weight loss. During storage, most cultivars decreased in berry diameter. RE genotypes ‘Titan’, ‘T-3081’, and ‘T-3075’ had the largest diameter (24.9, 24.1, and 26.1 mm, respectively) at harvest and retained fruit diameter through storage (23.7, 23.4, and 26.1 mm, respectively). At harvest (day 0), ‘Titan’ (RE) had the highest firmness (287 g/mm), while ‘MS1110R’ (RE) had the lowest (152 g/mm). After 6 weeks of storage (day 42), RE genotypes of ‘Titan’, ‘Vernon’, ‘T-3075’, and SHB ‘Legacy’ maintained high firmness (˃200 g/mm), while ‘Alapaha’ (RE), ‘NewHanover’(SHB), and ‘MS1110R’ (RE) were lowest (˂150 g/mm). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) identified three distinct firmness clusters, categorizing cultivars into enhanced (‘Titan’, ‘T-3075’), moderate (‘Legacy’, ‘Overtime’, and ‘T-3081’), and suppressed firmness (‘Alapaha’, ‘Krewer’, ‘Brightwell’, and ‘MS1110R’). HCA was crucial in selecting 10 genotypes (7 RE and 3 SHB) for future cell wall and texture analysis. This study provided valuable data for growers to select RE genotypes with maintained firmness and shelf-life. This data will aid blueberry breeders in selecting high-quality and competitive RE genotypes.
Speakers
PE

Peter Ephraim

Graduate Research Assistant, Auburn University
Peter Ephraim is a PhD student in the Department of Horticulture at Auburn University. Peter has a strong background in food science, holding a bachelor’s degree in food science and technology from Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Malawi and a Master’s... Read More →
Co-authors
CR

Camila Rodrigues

Auburn University
NA
MT

Marlee Trandel Hayse

Auburn University
MM

Michael Miller

Auburn University
NA
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
SJ

Suzanne Johanningsmeier

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Assessing Shelf-life and Nutritional Value of Vitamin C Biofortified Lettuce
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Enhancing vitamin C concentration in crops like lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) through biofortification can increase dietary intake for consumers, yet its rapid degradation post-harvest remains a challenge. This limitation necessitates practical strategies to optimize post-harvest retention of ascorbic acid and extend the shelf-life of lettuce. This study aims to assess the effect of ascorbic acid foliar sprays on post-harvest stability of vitamin C content during post-harvest storage. A shelf-life study was conducted under refrigerated (4°C) and ambient (22°C) storage conditions over a 72-hour period. Potential results suggest that higher vitamin C concentrations may enhance leaf chlorophyll content and antioxidant capacity, potentially improving overall plant health and stress resistance. However, increased vitamin C levels could also lead to greater oxidation over time, impacting nutrient retention post-harvest stability. This study is expected to demonstrate the feasibility of vitamin C biofortification as a functional food strategy, enhancing the nutritional profile of lettuce while maintaining acceptable post-harvest quality. The findings from this study could provide valuable insights into improving fresh produce shelf-life and micronutrient retention. This research hopes to address dietary deficiencies while minimizing food waste.
Speakers
KM

Katerina Mojica Vargas

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas Tech University
Co-authors
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
HL

Haydee Laza

Texas Tech University
NA
LT

Leslie Thompson

Texas Tech University
NA
SS

Sukhbir Singh

Texas Tech University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2
  • Poster # csv

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Comparison of Fruit Quality, Anthocyanin Contents, and Volatile Organic Compounds at Various Pigmentation Levels in Red
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
As consumer preferences and needs for strawberries have become increasingly diverse, various strawberry cultivars have been developed in Korea. Although the ‘Seolhyang’ (SH) cultivar still occupies the highest proportion in the strawberry industry, the proportion of strawberry cultivars has unique characteristics, including bigger size, higher ascorbic acid content, or unique color. One of the distinctive cultivars recently gaining attention is a white-pink colored strawberry known as ‘Cinderella’ (CD). Thus, the objective of this study aimed to evaluate the metabolic variations in secondary metabolites between SH and CD cultivars, based on the pigmentation of the fruit peel, which could be 0%, 50%, 75%, or 100%, following a 3-day cold storage period. The fully developed strawberry had a higher fresh weight and fruit diameter in CD than in SH cultivar. The peel color variables, including lightness, yellowness, and hue angle, were gradually decreased with fruit pigmentation. The redness of the peel increased rapidly along with fruit pigmentation in SH, while that of CD showed only a slight increase. The ethylene production rate indicated higher values in SH than in CD during fruit pigmentation. Fruit firmness gradually decreased while soluble solids content (SSC) increased along with fruit pigmentation, regardless of strawberry cultivars. The anthocyanin analysis revealed that the SH cultivar had notable levels of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-(6”-malonylglucoside), and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, which contributed to fruit pigmentation. In contrast, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside was only detected in the CD cultivar. Based on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiling, a total of 74 VOCs were detected, including 26 esters, 14 alcohols, 12 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 5 terpenes, and 3 acids. In SH cultivar, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-nerolidol, methyl hexanoate, hexanoic acid, and linalool were major VOCs. On the other hand, methyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate, (E)-2-hexenal, mesifurane, and (E)-nerolidol were the main VOCs in the CD cultivar. Therefore, the results indicate that the profiles and levels of anthocyanins and VOCs were differently regulated during the pigmentation of strawberry fruit between SH and CD cultivars.
Speakers
avatar for Hyowon Park

Hyowon Park

Ph.D candidate, Chung-Ang University
Co-authors
HK

Ho-Yeon Kim

Korea Institute of Science and Technology
NA
JL

Jinwook Lee

Chung-Ang University
NA
JP

Jiwon Park

Chung-Ang University
NA
JJ

Joohyuk Jo

Chung-Ang University
NA
SB

Si-Eun Byeon

Chung-Ang University
NA
TL

Theintthandar Latt

Chung Ang University
PhD candidate at Postharvest Physiology Laboratory, Chung-Ang University.
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through ‘Smart Agri Products Flow Storage Technology Development Program’ funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA; Grant No. 322052052HD030).

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Degreening temperature can be lower for two seedless mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivars
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Production of mandarin, sweet orange, and grapefruit has increased in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world in recent years due to growing market demand for high-quality, blemish-free fruit. Citrus fruit grown in the coastal region of the southeastern U.S. are more susceptible to blemishes and poor peel color than those grown in cooler climates. Early season, Florida mandarins are commonly degreened by treating with ≤ 5 ppm of ethylene for 12 h to 72 h at 29 °C /96% relative humidity (RH). However, optimal citrus degreening conditions vary with citrus cultivar, growing area, stage of maturity and season. Additionally, degreening can negatively affect mandarin quality (flavor, nutrition, acidity, sensory acceptability) and promote postharvest decays. The objective of this study was to evaluate the postharvest quality of two seedless mandarin cultivars degreened at temperatures lower than the commercial standard of 29 °C. These cultivars were released by the University of Florida breeding program: ‘UFGlow’, grown on ‘Rich’ trifoliate, ‘Carrizo’ citrange or ‘Sun Chu Sha’ mandarin rootstocks, and ‘UFSunrise’, grown on ‘Rich trifoliate’, ‘Carrizo citrange’ or HRS 812 rootstocks and were compared to the commercial cultivar ‘Owari-satsuma’, grown on ‘Carrizo citrange’ rootstock. On the day of harvest, fruit of each cultivar were pooled, treated with 5.0 μL·L-1 ethylene in a humidified, flow-through system for 72 hr at 20, 25 or 29 °C and 95% RH, then transferred to 8 °C/87% RH and evaluated weekly for 21 days. The three cultivars had better peel color and higher peel total carotenoid content when degreened at 25 or 29 °C than at 20 °C. Soluble solids content and total titratable acidity changed slightly during storage, independent of degreening treatment. Degreening did not affect ascorbic acid content; fruit total antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) declined less with the ethylene treatment but remained constant in ‘UFGlow’. The best degreening treatment for these seedless mandarin cultivars was 5 ppm ethylene at 25 °C/96% RH for 72 hr, resulting in the best peel color, highest total peel carotenoids content, less weight loss and firmer fruit. Although ‘Owari’-satsuma developed better color at 29 °C, weight loss was significantly higher than when degreened at 20 or 25 °C.
Speakers
SS

Steven Sargent

University of Florida
Professor and Extension Postharvest Specialist
Co-authors
CA

Charles A. Sims

University of Florida/IFAS
NA
JX

Jose X. Chaparro

University of Florida/IFAS
NA
MA

Mark A. Ritenour

University of Florida/IFAS
RO

Ramadhani O. Majubwa

Sokoine University of Agriculture
NA
TM

Theodosy Msogoya

Sokoine University of Agriculture
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Effectiveness of Blue Light Over Infrared for Sugar Estimation in Frozen Sweetcorn
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
We had earlier showed that spectrometric scanning of dehusked, fresh sweetcorn-on-the-cob (SOTC) in the visual (Vis) blue wavelength range (Vis-blue) offered an alternative nondestructive brix quantitation. In this report, we demonstrate that scanning in the Vis-blue is effective in a wide range of sample temperatures including freezing temperatures where the in-market infrared (IR) scanners fail. This is an important development for instore consumer decision-making experience. Eight packs of frozen (~-340C) SOTC in thin, translucent polyethylene packing bags were evaluated. Each pack contained at least12 pieces of SOTC, representing three different commercial brands bought directly from two different groceries stores on St. Croix. The samples were transported in ice and kept frozen (at temperature conditions as in the stores) until the time of measurements. At least six random SOTC were marked for IR and Vis-blue data every 5 minutes from freezing to room temperatures (~22degC) until the samples were completely thawed. The thawing temperatures at which each instrument was able to start recording were noted. The IR was insensitive at temperatures below ~160C, while the Vis-blue scanner recoded brix on frozen samples all the way to room temperatures and at complete sample thaw. The Vis-blue scanner also measured all frozen samples through the plastic packaging and directly on samples taken out of the packing. The Vis-blue scanner was also able to obtain spectral signals on the SOTC while the samples were in the freezer, but the signals were weak and, in some cases, when the sample packaging was completely covered in ice. With further developments and refinements, the Vis-blue scanning method can be integrated into scanning devices for quality assessments of frozen corn.
Speakers
HA

Henry Awika

University of the Virgin Islands
Co-authors
DG

Donna Gonzalez

University of the Virgin Islandss
NA
JS

Johnson Southwell

University of the Virgin Islandss
NA
TS

Thalia Stanley

University of the Virgin Islands
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source USDA-AMS-SCBR-VIDA

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Maturity of Select Florida Avocado Genotypes for Optimum Eating Quality
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a subtropical fruit prized for its nutritional properties, versatility, and health benefits. Florida growers have shown interest in expanding avocado production into South-Central Florida due to the decline in citrus production resulting from greening and canker diseases. However, the worldwide market is mostly dominated by the ‘Hass’ cultivar, a Guatemalan (G) x Mexican (M) avocado hybrid with excellent eating quality and the ability to withstand long-distance shipping and postharvest handling. Florida focuses on larger green West-Indian (WI) or WI x G avocado hybrids, suited to subtropical climates. There is a need to identify WI genotypes that are well-adapted to South Central Florida conditions and evaluate their production and quality potential in this region. But the relationship between genotype and maturity is not yet fully understood. This study focuses on determining when these should be harvested to reach full ripeness and achieve the best eating quality, through correlation between dry matter (DM), firmness, and taste preference. A taste panel consisting of 25 panelists evaluated the sensory attributes of avocados that reached firmness equal to 15 N or lower. The results show that WI varieties and their hybrids, despite both low and high DM content (16.4% to 28.4%), are well-accepted by the panelists with taste ratings ranging from 5 (neither like nor dislike) to 6.6 (like moderately). The characteristics that contributed to the panelists' preference include buttery, creamy, nutty, and sweet. Additionally, fruits harvested later tended to show an increase in DM and a decrease in ripening time. Fruits, when harvested at their full physiological maturity, require 10 days to reach full ripeness at room temperature (20°C - 22°C). This study contributes to understanding factors that can help optimize fruit quality and provide valuable insights for the Florida avocado industry.
Speakers
RN

Rachel Noma

University of Florida
Co-authors
AP

Anne Plotto

USDA U.S. Horticultural Research Lab
NA
MR

Mark Ritenour

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2
  • Poster # csv

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - Postharvest Assessment of Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberry Visual and Fruit Quality
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Blueberries are valued for their flavor and nutritional content, yet postharvest data on rabbiteye (RE; V. virgatum A.) genotypes remain limited. In this study fruit quality of 16 RE and 3 southern highbush (SHB; V. corymbosum L.) genotypes were evaluated through cold storage. Fruit harvested in 2024 from E.V. Smith Research Center (Tallassee, AL) were stored at 4°C and 85% relative humidity in a randomized complete block design. Measurements were taken on days (d) 0, 14, 28, and 42 including color attributes (L*, a*, b*, C*, h* CIELAB units), soluble solids content (SSC, °Brix), titratable acidity (Tacid) and pH. Total anthocyanins (mg/g), phenolics (mg/100g), and DPPH antioxidant capacity (mM/100g) were quantitated via UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Significant interaction for days in storage*genotype were observed in Tacid and SSC:Tacid ratio. Tacid was highest in ‘MS1228R’ and ‘MS1234R’ (42d; 0.73 and 14d; 0.77) and lowest in ‘Legacy’ and ‘NC5303’ (42d; 0.30 and 0d; 0.31). The SSC:Tacid ratio was highest in ‘Brightwell’ (0d; 47.47) and lowest in ‘Vernon’ (0d; 19.76). SSC decreased with increased storage time (0d to 28d) by 0.69 °Brix while pH increased from 0d (3.31) to 42d (3.54). Genotype differences indicated ‘Brightwell’ and ‘Ochlocknee’ had the highest SSC (16.5 and 15.9 °Brix) compared to ‘T-3075’ and ‘New Hanover’ (12.4 and 12.1 °Brix). pH was highest in ‘Legacy’ and ‘New Hanover’ (3.67 and 3.63) and lowest in ‘T-3075’ and ‘MS1234R’ (3.25 and 3.19). Across all storage timepoints, RE genotypes were higher in total anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant activity at 16.54 mg/g, 298.40 mg/100g and 21.41 mM/100g, respectively compared to SHB genotypes at 11.35 mg/g, 213.90 mg/100g and 17.19 mM/100g. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated 3 clusters of interest. In cluster I, ‘Vernon’, ‘Overtime’ and ‘MS1595R’ had enhanced C* and h*. In cluster II, ‘Brightwell’ and ‘Ochlocknee’ indicated enhanced anthocyanin, phenolic and antioxidant activity, while ‘T-3075’ and ‘T-3072’ had suppressed phytonutrient content in cluster III. The industry accepted range for blueberry SSC is 11.2-14.3 °Brix and all genotypes in this study met industry standards. Some RE selections, e.g., MS selections, were above the U.S. accepted range (0.2 to 0.5) for Tacid relating to sour/tart flavors. HCA was useful in sub-selecting RE and SHB genotypes for sensory and electronic analysis to assess flavor patterns. Identifying fruit quality and flavor traits postharvest will aid in selecting superior RE germplasm to enhance consumer acceptance and inform breeding efforts.
Speakers
CC

Clarisse Cochran-Chipura

Auburn University
Co-authors
EC

Elina Coneva

Auburn University
MT

Marlee Trandel Hayse

Auburn University
SC

Sungeun Cho

Auburn University
NA
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source AgR Seed Grant Program # 7008151

1:00pm CDT

PH 2 - The Effects of UV-Treated Hydroponic Nutrient Solution on Postharvest Quality of Romaine Lettuce
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) is a highly nutritious, leafy green vegetable that can be easily grown hydroponically, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional agricultural practices. Although hydroponically grown lettuce is less susceptible to microbial infection compared to its soil-grown counterparts, contamination with human pathogens is still possible. Sterilization methods, such as ultraviolet (UV) light treatment, may be employed to control contamination in the hydroponic system, but its effect on lettuce postharvest quality remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of nutrient solutions treated with two doses of UV-C on the harvest and storage quality of the romaine lettuce cultivar 'Sparx' grown in a deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponic system. Nutrient solutions were either left untreated (control) or treated three times over a six-week growing period with UV-C (254 nm) at two different flow rates, delivering estimated UV-C doses of 18.93 mJ/cm² (low) or 37.85 mJ/cm² (high) per treatment. Postharvest quality was evaluated by measuring leaf length, fresh weight, dry root weight, water loss, soil plant analysis development (SPAD), color, texture, visual quality, respiration rate, micronutrient content, and nutritional content at time of harvest and over a seven-day storage period. We utilized a randomized complete block design, and the experiment was repeated three times. Lettuce grown in the low dose UV-C-treated nutrient solution had significantly longer lettuce leaf length, higher fresh weight, and higher vitamin C content compared to the high dose UV-C treatment. Additionally, fresh shoot weight was significantly higher in the low dose UV-C-treated lettuce compared to the high dose treatment. In terms of visual quality, the high dose UV-C treatment showed significantly better visual quality at the end of storage compared to lettuce grown in the control nutrient solution. No significant differences were observed for dry root weight, water loss, SPAD, texture, color, or micronutrient content between the three treatment groups. Overall, this study demonstrates that UV-C-treated nutrient solution had no negative impact on quality parameters of hydroponic lettuce at harvest or during storage, indicating that UV-C treatment, particularly at lower doses, may be a viable option for effectively sterilizing hydroponic systems without compromising lettuce postharvest quality.
Speakers
TK

Tori Kent

Kansas State University
Co-authors
EP

Eleni Pliakoni

Kansas State University
MB

Manreet Bhullar

Kansas State University
SA

Sachin Adhikari

Kansas State University
NA
TJ

Tricia Jenkins

Kansas State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source Kansas State University Global Food Systems Seed Grant Program

1:00pm CDT

PROP - Effect of Cellulase, Gibberellins, and Cytokinin on Seed Germination of Rosa arkansana Porter
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Roses seeds (achenes) have a reputation of being challenging to germinate due to physiological and minor physical dormancy. The effect of gibberellins (GA) on rose seed germination has generally been neutral or negligible. Soaking rose seeds in cellulase before stratification has been documented to improve germination in some roses, likely due to degrading the outer covering around the embryo to allow for better imbibition. This experiment uniquely combines cellulase with GA to ascertain if there would be a stronger effect of GA if reaching the embryo was a limitation. A full factorial was used with a two-day duration of either dry seed, a 0.5% cellulase soak, or reverse osmosis (RO) water soak followed by a one-day soak of 200ppm GA3, 200ppm GA4 7, 200ppm GA4 7 plus 6-benzyladenine as Promalin®, or RO water. Rosa arkansana was chosen due to it being challenging to germinate. Four replications of 100 seeds each for each of the 12 treatments were prepared and mixed with 80cc of moist peat moss. All treatments were given a common warm stratification (8 weeks room temperature) and cold stratification (12 weeks 4C) followed by constant 10C in a growth chamber. Germination was recorded and germinated seedlings removed three times while at 10C at 5-week intervals. Promalin® led to slightly faster germination at week 5, but by week 10 GA treatments were not significantly different than the water control. Cellulase and RO water pre-GA soaks were not significantly different than each other at any time interval and by week 15 both were significantly better than the dry seed treatment. This data suggests the importance of having well hydrated seeds going into stratification, a neutral effect of GA on germination of this species, suggests 6-benzyladenine may slightly speed along germination, and that cellulase may not significantly improve water penetration over a sufficient imbibition duration.
Speakers
SM

Sonja Maki

University of Wisconsin-River Falls
Co-authors
DZ

David Zlesak

University of WI River Falls
GO

Gabe Olson-Jensen

University of Wisconsin-River Falls
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Propagation

1:00pm CDT

PROP - Optimizing Micropropagation of Native Mirabilis Species for Sustainable Cultivation
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Native four o’clocks (Mirabilis spp.) are drought-tolerant perennials native to North America, valued for their vibrant flowers and ecological contributions, including pollinator support and soil stabilization. Despite their ornamental appeal and value in ecological restoration, their use in horticulture has been limited due to propagation challenges such as low seed availability, poor germination, and complex dormancy requirements. Micropropagation, the production of new plants from small tissue sections under sterile conditions using artificial media and controlled environments, presents a promising solution to these limitations. It offers a reliable method to produce large quantities of native Mirabilis for conservation and nursery applications. In 2021, an effective micropropagation protocol was developed for the rare North American species Mirabilis macfarlanei. Building on this success, the current project evaluated the applicability of this protocol to three additional native species: Mirabilis greenei, Mirabilis laevis var. villosa, and Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia. Single-node cuttings were surface sterilized with 20% bleach and cultured on Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium supplemented with 4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). All three species were successfully established in vitro and proliferated. Growth parameters, including average number of shoots, shoot length, and shoot dry weight, were compared between DKW with 4 µM BA and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with the same BA concentration. For M. greenei, shoot proliferation was similar between MS and DKW (5.7 and 5.8 shoots, respectively). M. laevis var. villosa and M. laevis var. crassifolia produced more shoots on MS medium (10.6 and 4.5) than on DKW (7.8 and 3.9). All species exhibited higher shoot dry weights on MS medium, while shoot lengths were comparable across treatments. Rooting success varied among species. The rooting medium developed for M. macfarlanei (DKW supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid [IAA], 0.5 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA], and 0.15 mg/L Sequestrene® 138) was effective only for M. greenei. However, M. laevis var. villosa and M. laevis var. crassifolia rooted better on MS medium containing 1 µM NAA and 0.15 mg/L Sequestrene® 138. Rooted plantlets of all three species were successfully acclimatized in rockwool, with M. laevis var. villosa and M. laevis var. crassifolia flowering under greenhouse conditions.
Speakers
SU

Senay Ugur

University of Idaho
Co-authors
AK

Anne Knerr

University of Idaho
NA
MG

Melissa Galindo

University of Idaho
NA
TP

Timothy Prather

University of Idaho
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Propagation

1:00pm CDT

PROP - Physiological Quality Assessment of Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seeds Using Controlled Deterioration Technique
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Bush bean is a popular vegetable as it is high in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Assessment of the physiological quality of bush bean seeds is essential for ensuring better crop performance and yield, and the controlled deterioration technique is a reliable and practical tool for this purpose. The objective of this study was to determine the seed quality of two bush bean varieties using the controlled deterioration technique. Two bush bean varieties (Jhar Sheem-1 and Jhar Sheem-2) were induced with 12%, 16%, and 20% moisture levels for 0, 4, 8, and 16 days. Seed quality factors, such as, germination percentage, abnormal seedlings percentage, dead seed percentage, soil emergence percentage, root and shoot lengths, and dry matter content, were evaluated. In this study, 24 treatments were arranged as completely randomized design with 3 replications. Both varieties showed an identical performance at 12% moisture in 0 days of the aging period, but prominent differences were noticed at a highly deteriorated level of the factors. The percentage of normal seedlings declined to 85.34% in Treatment-24 (Jhar Sheem-2 at 20% moisture level with a 16-day aging period) compared to Treatment-1 (Jhar Sheem-1 at 12% moisture level with no aging period). Meanwhile, seedling abnormality increased by 22.00% in Treatment-11 (Jhar Sheem-1 at 20% moisture level with an 8-day aging period) relative to Treatment-1. Conversely, root and shoot dry matter were 93.06% and 28.62% lower, respectively, in Treatment-24 than Treatment-1. Moreover, highly remarkable (1%) relations were traced among all the traits, ranging from -0.466 (seed dry matter x abnormal seedling) to 0.983 (normal seedling x root length). Another finding was that among all the values about normal seedlings (i.e., the germination percentage); their affiliation with the soil emergence was prominent, i.e., 0.983. Thus, the outcomes revealed that the controlled deterioration test was highly effective in assessing the physiological conditions of the varieties. According to the vigor and quality performance, bush bean Variety-1 (Jhar Sheem-1) can be used as a parent for hybridization programs to produce superior inherent quality. Future investigations can be conducted to find more acceptable temperature and moisture trait limits among other bush bean varieties.
Speakers
MR

Md Rubel Reza

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
MC

Milon Chowdhury

Kentucky State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Propagation
  • Subject Propagation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source EVENS-ALLEN

1:00pm CDT

PROP - Physiology and Susceptibility of Avocado Trees to Laurel Wilt on Unreleased Experimental Phytophthora-Resistant Rootstocks
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The University of California Riverside (UCR) rootstock breeding program has selected five advanced avocado (Persea americana Mill.) rootstocks for their resistance to Phytophthora Root Rot (PRR), a major disease affecting avocados worldwide. Another significant threat to avocado trees is laurel wilt (LW), caused by the fungus Harringtonia lauricola. To date, laurel wilt has been reported in 12 states, but has only infected avocado trees in Florida, where it has killed approximately 290,000 trees worth an estimated $95 million. It is anticipated that laurel wilt will eventually spread to California, the leading avocado production region in the U.S., as well as to Mexico and South America, where the largest world-wide avocado production occurs. For the UCR experimental PRR-resistant rootstocks to be successful in the long term after their commercial release, they should positively influence the LW resistance of ‘Hass’ and other scions. In this study, we tested the LW susceptibility and physiological responses of ‘Donnie,’ ‘Hass,’ ‘Gem,’ and ‘Reed’ scions grafted onto UCR advanced clonal rootstocks PP35, PP40, PP42, PP45, and PP80 under climate-controlled greenhouse conditions. All scions were also grafted and tested on ‘Waldin’ seedling rootstock, which is the primary avocado rootstock used in South Florida. Trees of each scion/rootstock combination were either inoculated with H. lauricola or with deionized water as a control. There were six single-plant replicates per treatment for each scion/rootstock combination, arranged in a completely randomized design. Visual disease symptoms were evaluated on a scale of 1 to10 (1= no symptoms, 10 = severe symptoms) every 3 to 4 days from the time of inoculation until the trees were harvested. Physiological variables, including leaf gas exchange (net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), were also measured. At the end of the experiment, all plants were harvested, and the presence or absence of H. lauricola was confirmed by plating stem sections on CSMA (cycloheximide-streptomycin malt agar) medium. Although all scion/rootstock combinations were susceptible to LW, there were differences in susceptibility among combinations. The combinations ‘Hass’/PP45, ‘Gem’/PP40, ‘Gem’/PP80, ‘Hass’/Waldin’, and ‘Gem’/’Waldin’ exhibited the greatest tolerance to LW, as indicated by fewer external symptoms and less reduction in leaf gas exchange variables compared to the other combinations tested. Therefore, these more LW-tolerant scion/rootstock combinations have potential for planting in areas where both PRR and LW diseases occur. The most tolerant combinations identified in this study continue to be evaluated under field conditions for horticultural characteristics and yields in Florida.
Speakers
BS

Bruce Schaffer

Professor, University of Florida
Co-authors
EA

Edwin A. Gutierrez-Rodriguez

University of Florida
NA
JH

Jonathan H Crane

University of Florida, TREC
PM

Patricia M. Manosalva

University of California Riverside
NA
RG

Romina Gazis

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Propagation
  • Subject Propagation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-SCRI Grant #:2024-51181-43302

1:00pm CDT

PROP - Propagation Strategies on Four Grapevine Varieties
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Improving stem cutting propagation of grapevine species holds immense importance with the growing interest in grapevine cultivation in the region. Propagating these plants from stem cuttings can be a challenging endeavor. As a result, this research initiative seeks to address this issue by exploring methods to enhance the success rate of stem cutting propagation. By developing more efficient and reliable techniques, nurseries can increase their ability to supply grapevines to local growers, which not only expands the availability of grapevines in the market but also plays a pivotal role in bolstering the wine industry in Mississippi. By facilitating the growth of this industry, improved grapevine propagation methods contribute to economic development, agricultural diversification, and ultimately benefiting the local economy and wine enthusiasts. Hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings of four bunch grape varieties: ‘Miss Blanc’, ‘MidSouth’, ‘Norton’ and ‘Mamont Noir’ were subjected to 10 hormone treatments of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) alone and in combination with ascorbic acid. These treatments were applied as a basal quick dip. Sixty days after treatment, rooting percentage, growth index (new shoots), cutting quality (0-5, with 0 = dead and 5 = transplant-ready cutting), total root number, average root length (of three longest roots), and root quality (0-5, with 0=no roots and 5=healthy, vigorous root system) data were collected. Of the four varieties trialed, ‘Miss Blanc’ performed the best with the greatest rooting percentage of 95% as a hardwood cutting and ‘Mamont Noir’ performed the best as a semi-hardwood cutting with the greatest rooting percentage of 100%. ‘MidSouth’ and ‘Norton’ will both require further research to assess the best rooting option for these varieties.
Speakers
JR

Jenny Ryals

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
ES

Eric Stafne

Mississippi State University
NA
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
PK

Patricia Knight

Mississippi State University
NA
SL

Scott Langlois

Miss State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Propagation
  • Subject Propagation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Small Fruit Consortium 2024-R-14 and Hatch project MIS-211150 under accession number 7003104.

1:00pm CDT

PROP - Tissue Culture Propagation of Tea in the United States
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Tea (Camellia sinensis) has the potential to be cultivated as a commercial crop in the United States, but growers need access to clean plant material. The wholesale value of tea in the United States was $13.6 billion in 2022, yet less than 100 acres of tea are currently grown here. Tissue culture can be a means to provide disease-free and genetically identical plants. Three experiments were carried out using explants, which are 2.5 cm stems with single, active nodes from the young shoots of 28-year-old ‘Minto Pacific’ plants. Experiment 1 tested chemo- and thermotherapy: 40 explants were placed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-dioxo-hexahydro-1-3-5 triazine (2 mL/L), aspirin (1.4 mL/L), and ribavirin (1.5 mL/L). Explants were placed in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 ℃ on a 16-h photoperiod for 4 to 5 weeks, then subcultured and placed in an incubator for an additional 4 to 5 weeks set at 32 to 35℃ on the high end/light period and 28 to 30℃ on the low end/dark period (alternating every 4 h). All explants were either contaminated or dead, potentially due to high temperatures, by the end of this 8 to 10 week cycle. Experiment 2 evaluated use of meristems, which were excised from axillary buds of the aforementioned young shoots of 28-year-old ‘Minto Pacific’ plants and placed on MS media supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (1 mL/L) and gibberellic acid (0.5 mL/L). Explants were placed in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 ℃ on a 16-h photoperiod. Of the 10 meristems, there was no contamination, but only one meristem has survived long-term (5 months). With Experiment 3, explants (n=26) were soaked in 4% v/v Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) for 2 h, then transferred to MS medium, before being placed in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 ℃ on a 16-h photoperiod. Contamination and physiological disorders developed over time, leaving only one visually healthy explant after 5 months. The effect of PPM as a soak or a growth medium-additive needs to be further investigated through additional experiments.
Speakers
MS

McKenzie Shelton

Washington State University
Co-authors
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
CM

Chakradhar Mattupalli

Washington State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Propagation
  • Subject Propagation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Western SARE, Northwest Agriculture Research Foundation

1:00pm CDT

TECH 2 - Detection and Quantification of Onion Seedlings Lying on the Ground Using UAV Imagery and YOLOv8 in the Vidalia Region
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Vidalia sweet onion (Allium cepa spp.), holds significant economic and cultural value in the Vidalia region, known for its sweet flavor and low pungency. The success of marketable bulb production is closely linked to the early crop stages, particularly seedling production and field-quality transplanting. Due to the limited availability of mechanical transplanters, transplanting is predominantly performed manually, resulting in variability in planting quality. A major issue is the presence of seedlings lying on the ground, which significantly reduces survival rates and leads to undersized bulbs. Assessing the number of such seedlings manually is labor-intensive and inefficient. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a rapid and accurate method to quantify the number of seedlings lying on the ground across the field using a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and the YOLOv8 deep learning model. On January 6, 2025, aerial RGB images were captured using a UAV over an experimental onion field located at the UGA Vidalia Onion and Vegetable Research Center in Lyons, GA. The seedlings were transplanted on December 15, 2024, under three treatment conditions: 100% properly transplanted plants, 100% lying on the ground, and 25% lying on the ground. The objective of this study was to detect and quantify the percentage of plants lying on the ground within each plot using computer vision techniques. The images were manually annotated and used to train a YOLOv8 object detection model. The dataset was split into 70% for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing. Model performance was evaluated using standard YOLOv8 accuracy metrics, including precision, recall, and F1-score. The YOLOv8 model demonstrated strong performance in detecting onion seedlings lying on the ground. It achieved moderate to high precision and recall, as well as a high F1-score on the test dataset. When applied to the annotated aerial images, the model accurately quantified the percentage of fallen seedlings within each treatment. In the 100% properly transplanted treatment, a small number of seedlings were falsely identified as lying on the ground. These results confirm the model's ability to reliably distinguish between transplant quality levels using UAV imagery. This approach offers a scalable solution for monitoring transplant quality and identifying problematic planting zones.
Speakers
avatar for Regimar dos Santos

Regimar dos Santos

University of Georgia
Bachelor's degree in agronomic engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil at 2021. Master's degree in plant production with an emphasis on computational intelligence in genetic improvement at 2022, with a doctorate in progress at the state university of... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

TECH 2 - Developing an AI-Driven Tool for Enhanced Daylily Flower Image Processing
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
This study developed an AI-powered image preprocessing tool to analyze daylily flower traits, providing a user-friendly and feature-rich solution for accurate image segmentation- a process that separates the flower from the background in photographs. The tool's design combines a pre-trained TRACER convolutional neural network (CNN) with an EfficientNet backbone to ensure robust and precise segmentation. It features a user-friendly graphical interface built with PyQt that facilitates seamless image uploads, real-time visualization of segmentation results, and customization options. Furthermore, a built-in manual refinement pencil function allows for precise corrections to automated masks, ensuring accuracy when needed. It supports multiple output formats, including masks and annotated images, enabling easy integration into subsequent analyses. A dataset comprising 1,450 daylily color images was employed for training and evaluating the tool. A comparative analysis of four deep learning models (TRACER, BASNet, U2 Net, and DeepLabV3), using metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, Dice Score, Jaccard Index, and XOR Error, highlighted the superior performance of the TRACER model in terms of accuracy and reliability. The findings show that the tool successfully separates flowers from intricate backgrounds, effectively addressing issues such as petal overlap, various phenotypes, and environmental variations. This automation tool has the potential to replace the labor-intensive and error-prone manual segmentation process, which has posed a significant limitation in AI applications for daylily research, including accurate trait prediction and classification.
Speakers
RG

Ramana Gosukonda

Fort Valley State University
Co-authors
CD

Chunhua Dong

Fort Valley State University
NA
PK

Priyanka Kumar

Fort Valley State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Technology Applications in Horticulture 2
  • Subject Technology Applications in Horticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the 1890 Capacity Building Program, project award no. 2024-38821-42107, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

1:00pm CDT

TECH 2 - Evaluation of a Low-Cost Vision-Based Targeted Weed Spray Technology
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Broadcast herbicide applications across fallow fields with sparse weed populations can lead to substantial chemical waste, increased costs, and environmental impacts. To address this issue, we developed and evaluated a low-cost, vision-based targeted herbicide spraying system leveraging the Open Weed Locator (OWL) methodology using only the OWL hardware with project-specific custom software. It utilizes simple RGB cameras and image-processing algorithms to detect green vegetation (weeds) against soil backgrounds in real-time, triggering targeted herbicide application only where weeds are detected. The primary objective of this study is to assess the practical effectiveness of this technology in field conditions, focusing on use-cases relevant to fallow weed management scenarios. Field trials are planned to quantify the system’s performance by evaluating weed detection accuracy through metrics such as sensitivity, specificity and precision. Additionally, we will measure the percentage of herbicide chemical savings compared to conventional broadcast methods. Preliminary analyses suggest that this targeted approach significantly reduces chemical input. Detailed evaluations from forthcoming field trials will provide essential data to guide future improvements and support broader adoption of affordable, precision weed management tools.
Speakers
MS

Manpreet Singh

Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
NA
Co-authors
CK

Charchit Kumar

Center for Engineering Innovation and Design, California State University, Fresno
CC

Christopher Court

Center for Engineering Innovation and Design, California State University, Fresno
DR

David Ryman

Center for Engineering Innovation and Design, California State University, Fresno
PL

Peter Larbi

University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center
ST

Santanu Thapa

University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
WM

Walter Mizuno

Center for Engineering Innovation and Design, California State University, Fresno
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

TECH 2 - Integrating Multispectral Imaging and Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Comprehensive Phenotyping of Horticultura
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Accurate plant phenotyping is essential for crop improvement but remains a major challenge, especially when tracking both above- and below-ground traits over time. Traditionally, these traits are measured manually and destructively, limiting data quantity and quality. At the Texas A
Speakers Co-authors
FN

Fahimeh Nia

Texas A
NA
LR

Lorenzo Rossi

Texas A
Dr. Rossi’s research program focuses on understanding the responses of horticultural crops to environmental stresses, with the goal of developing environmentally sound and effective management strategies. He is a horticulturist with expertise in plant stress physiology, plant biology... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

TECH 2 - Integrating Remote Sensing and AI for Rapid Nitrogen Assessment in Cannabis sativa L.
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a remarkably versatile crop with extensive applications in food, fiber, and medicine, offering environmentally sustainable and highly productive raw materials across various industries. Historically cultivated primarily for fiber, modern dual-purpose hemp varieties now present enhanced economic opportunities by enabling the simultaneous harvesting of seeds for grain and stems for fiber. Nitrogen (N) fertilization significantly influences key growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, biomass accumulation, and seed yield. However, conventional nitrogen assessment methods are invasive and labor-intensive. To address these challenges, multispectral drone imaging has emerged as a non-destructive alternative, leveraging correlations between nitrogen levels and leaf chlorophyll content to enable rapid monitoring of critical physiological indicators such as assimilation rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates. In 2024, an experiment was conducted at North Carolina A0.70), chlorophyll content and BNDVI (R² = 0.55), stomatal conductance and NDVI (R² = 0.82), and transpiration rate and MCARI (R² = 0.56). In contrast, negative correlations were observed with SIPI2 (R² = 0.69), TGI (R² = 0.39), and additional SIPI2 indices (R² = 0.54 and R² = 0.39, respectively). This study highlights the potential of integrating drone-based remote sensing and machine learning for efficient, non-destructive monitoring in hemp cultivation. By advancing precision agriculture practices, these technologies offer promising pathways to enhance productivity, optimize nitrogen management, and promote sustainability in hemp cultivation.
Speakers
HS

Harmandeep Sharma

Research Assistant Professor, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
Co-authors
AB

Arnab Bhowmik

North Carolina A
GG

Gregory Goins

North Carolina A
NA
HS

Harjot Sidhu

North Carolina A
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Technology Applications in Horticulture 2
  • Subject Technology Applications in Horticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Evans-Allen project award no NC.X-355-5-23-130-1 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

1:00pm CDT

TECH 2 - Modeling Leaf Nitrogen in Organic Celery using VIS-SWIR Reflectance Spectra and Partial Least Squares Regression
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Nitrogen (N) management is a major challenge in organic vegetable production, aiming to supply sufficient N for optimal yield and quality while minimizing N losses. These challenges are exacerbated by uncertain mineralization patterns of different organic fertilizer products and season-specific impacts on soil N availability. Monitoring plant tissue N dynamics throughout the production season can provide meaningful information regarding fertility management, but sampling plant tissue can be labor-intensive and costly, and lab analysis may be time-consuming. Considering that N from organic nutrient sources is generally not immediately available for crop uptake, the need for reliable tools to rapidly monitor plant N status is paramount in improving N use efficiency, particularly in organic systems. In this study, a hyperspectral imaging approach was explored. Celery samples were collected from two research trials repeated in two production seasons at midseason (approximately 70 days after transplanting; DAT) and final harvests (approximately 110 DAT). One experiment focused on integrated nutrient management practices, comparing celery grown following a sunn hemp cover crop to a weedy fallow (whole plots), and evaluating impacts of composts (subplots) including an unamended control, yard waste compost, vermicompost, and a mixed compost treatment. The other experiment compared ratios of preplant N:in-season N application from 0-100% preplant N (whole plots) under two organic preplant fertilizers (subplots) contrasting in composition and anticipated N mineralization. At each harvest, six plants from each experimental unit were weighed and allocated into representative portions for crop quality analyses on fresh and dry bases. A spectroradiometer with a leaf clip reflectance probe was used to collect leaf reflectance spectra (350-2500 nm) from approximately eight leaves from each experimental unit. Spectra were normalized to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one across wavelengths. To ensure balanced representation in training and validation, the data were stratified by harvest timing, trial, and year, and randomly split following 80% calibration and 20% external validation distribution. The final model used 19 latent components, explained 76.4% of the variation within external validation data, and had a root mean square error of 0.36. The model can be categorized as providing “approximate quantitative predictions,” and total N content from dried aboveground biomass in the original dataset spans from 1.0 - 4.3 g N/100 g DW. Building robust models using hyperspectral data to predict crop N status under diverse production practices and environmental conditions is an area deserving of continued research in organic vegetable production.
Speakers
XZ

Xin Zhao

University of Florida
Co-authors
AS

Aditya Singh

University of Florida
NA
MC

Moses Chilenje

University of Florida
NA
SL

Stephen Lantin

University of Florida
NA
ZR

Zachary Ray

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Technology Applications in Horticulture 2
  • Subject Technology Applications in Horticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative program, project award no. 2019-51300-30243, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

1:00pm CDT

TECH 2 - Monitoring Hurricane Effects in Pecan Fields: An Object Detection Framework to Detect Fallen Trees
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Disaster events such as hurricanes strongly affect pecan crop production due to fallen trees, which generate a significant impact on production areas. An appropriate method to monitor these effects is by counting the fallen trees. This monitoring is commonly performed by a field team. Although accurate, this approach is time-consuming, costly, and non-scalable. Consequently, an image-based approach emerges as a timely opportunity. For instance, aerial images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) present high spatial resolution and coverage, contributing to tree identification. However, relying solely on images remains a laborious and time-consuming task. Consequently, the development of object detection models to automatically identify and count fallen trees emerges as an unprecedented and dynamic method. Therefore, we aimed to integrate UAV image technology and the YOLOv12 detection model for detecting fallen trees in pecan fields. On September 27th, 2024, the hurricane Helene crossed the State of Georgia, USA. On October 7th, 2024, we captured RGB images using a multirotor UAV. We captured high-resolution (~3 cm/px) in eight pecan fields. The images were processed to generate one orthomosaic for each field. Consequently, we counted the fallen trees using assisted image processing for ground truth data. Together, the pecan fields presented more than 200 fallen trees. Subsequently, we trained the YOLOv12 model to automatically identify the fallen trees. Initially, we manually labeled all the fallen trees as “Fallen”. Afterward, we split our dataset into training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%). To enhance model performance and generalizability, we implemented data augmentation for the training dataset. As a result, the model achieved identification metrics of fallen trees higher than 70%. Certainly, this approach presents a great opportunity to measure the effects caused by hurricanes, giving farmers the ability to make faster and better decisions regarding their fields. Ultimately, these findings support precision agriculture practices and introduce pecan crops into this context, further strengthening the introduction of technologies into the world of specialty crops.
Speakers
avatar for Marcelo Barbosa

Marcelo Barbosa

University of Georgia
Co-authors
LW

Lenny Wells

University of Georgia
NA
LO

Luan Oliveira

University of Georgia
LS

Lucas Sales

University of Georgia
Agronomy Engineer graduated from the Federal University of Paraíba. With experience in the management and cultivation of Ornamental Plants, through a year of experience working in Greenhouses in the state of New Hampshire, USA. Experienced in the management and cultivation of vegetables... Read More →
RD

Regimar dos Santos

University of Georgia
Bachelor's degree in agronomic engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil at 2021. Master's degree in plant production with an emphasis on computational intelligence in genetic improvement at 2022, with a doctorate in progress at the state university of... Read More →
VM

Victor Martins

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Assessing Saltwater Tolerance of Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea) Genotypes using Hydroponics
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
With freshwater supplies dwindling and sea levels rising, irrigation water for crops can become salinized. Therefore, salt-tolerant genotypes of food crops are needed. Here, we tested genotypes of Brassica juncea (brown mustard), a widely grown and consumed leafy green that has mineral and nutrient rich leaves and is also an important oil-seed crop, for their salt tolerance. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of three mustard genotypes (var. ‘Florida Broadleaf’, ‘Carolina Broadleaf’, and ‘Southern Giant Curl’) grown in nutrient film-technique (NFT) hydroponic systems under varying salinity treatments. Five synthetic seawater dilutions (15, 22.5, 30, 37.5, and 45% Instant Ocean at approximately 10, 13.5, 17, 21, 24.5 dS/m conductivity, respectively) with added fertilizer (Masterblend 20-20-20 at approx. 1.5 dS/m) were compared to a control (fertilizer only at approx. 1.5 dS/m) to identify the optimal salinity range for vegetative production over 6 weeks after seeding. Two different production systems were used to evaluate the genotypes: production-scale NFT systems in a greenhouse in Citra, FL, and lab-scale tabletop NFT systems in an environmentally controlled room. In the greenhouse setting, plants were destructively harvested at 7 day intervals to gather growth over time, while in the lab setting, plants were harvested once at the end of the experiment to calculate the biomass and growth along with water and nutrient use efficiencies per genotype. Preliminary findings suggest that yields and water use efficiencies were improved at a 15% seawater dilution (approx. 10 dS/m) and showed a drop in biomass at higher seawater dilutions. The genotype ‘Florida Broadleaf’ demonstrated higher fresh biomass than either of the other genotypes with ‘Southern Giant Curl’ showing the most sensitivity to salt treatments in both the greenhouse and desktop systems. Data collected in these experiments will be used to construct a dynamic crop growth model for mustards that incorporates salinity to predict crop biomass. Crop models such as this could help inform plant breeders studying salt-tolerance and provide insights into yields and crop growth rates to agricultural producers farming in salt-afflicted soils or for use in saltwater hydroponics.
Speakers
JP

Jean Pompeo

University of Florida
Co-authors
DH

Daniel Hofstetter

University of Florida
NA
KR

Karthikeyan Raghupathy

Clemson University
NA
MC

Melanie Correll

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 2
  • Subject Vegetable Crops Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-AFRI-SAS-2023-69012-39038; USDA-HATCH-ABE-006356; USDA-NIFA-McIntire-Stennis Capacity Grant

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Divergent Leaf Physiology in Kale Cultivars Under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), a member of the cruciferous (Brassicaceae) family, has gained significant popularity as a nutritionally dense leafy vegetable in recent years, attributed to its rich nutraceutical properties, including phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antiproliferative compounds. These properties play a critical role in addressing global nutritional deficiencies through cost-effective dietary sources, leading to kale’s designation as a superfood by the research community. Its popularity has steadily increased, particularly in the United States. To meet the growing demand for kale, optimizing production systems is essential. In this study, we evaluated leaf physiology, yield parameters, and nutrient content across kale cultivars grown under both organic and conventional farming systems. We observed substantial variation in leaf photosynthesis and other physiological traits, reflecting the different responses of cultivars to cultivation methods. Additionally, significant differences in mineral content and total soluble proteins were noted, with organic farming practices notably enhancing soluble proteins, leaf nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and several key minerals compared to conventional practices. These findings suggest that organic farming practices may enhance the nutraceutical quality of kale, potentially offering superior nutritional benefits compared to conventional methods systems.
Speakers Co-authors
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 2

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Effect of biochar and vermicompost to mitigate salinity stress in high-tunnel grown tomato
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Saline water irrigation, higher summer temperatures, limited soil leaching and agricultural intensification with heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers are the main causes for high salt accumulations in high-tunnel soils. These salinity issues have led to soil degradation as well as decline in crop production. In order to improve soil health and bolster the crop yield, use of organic amendments like compost, crop residues and animal manure has been widely practiced. Studies have shown that biochar and vermicompost can improve soil homeostasis by adsorbing excess sodium and chloride ions and holding excess water in root zone. Furthermore, researchers have found that these soil amendments complement each other when used in combination, leading to high crop yield and enriched plant nutrient contents. However, research gaps exists in using emerging soil amendments like biochar, and vermicompost. Hence, the objective of our current study was to assess the growth and yield attributes of tomato under salinity stress and evaluating the role of these soil amendments alone and in combination to mitigate salt stress. Two potted experimental trials were conducted in late spring and early fall in high tunnel at Oklahoma State University. The treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design. Treatments included three levels of salinity (1.5, 4, 8 mS/cm) and different treatment combinations (0, 5, 10% v/v) of biochar and vermicompost in soilless media. Data collection was done on different yield parameters, phytochemicals, stress indicators along with soil media tests. Results show that soil amendments treatments helped reduce salinity stress to some extent and aid in overall crop performance. To sum up, our salinity stress study provides insights on minimizing the salt toxicity by appropriate use of emerging soil additives, providing practices for producers to improve crop production in high-tunnels.
Speakers
PP

Pradeep Paudel

Oklahoma State University
An MS student at Oklahoma State University, interested in the use of organic amendments for crop production and soil health improvement.
Co-authors
BC

Bee Chim

Oklahoma State University
NA
NM

Niels Maness

Oklahoma State University
NA
SK

Shivani Kathi

Oklahoma State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Effect of Selenium Fertilization on Carotenoid and Nutritional Accumulation in Watercress with Deep Water Hydroponics
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Nutrient biofortification in leafy vegetables can enhance dietary health benefits, improve crop nutritional quality, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Deep water culture hydroponic production along with micronutrient exploration can lead to solutions to optimize nutrient uptake. Selenium (Se), an essential micronutrient, has been shown to influence plant metabolism, particularly the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and glucosinolates. However, its role in modulating these phytochemicals in hydroponically grown Nasturtium officinale (watercress) remains underexplored in controlled environment agriculture systems. This study investigates the effects of selenium fertilization at varying concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg Se·L⁻¹) on carotenoid and glucosinolate accumulation in water cress varieties cultivated in deep water hydroponics. The controlled environment environment system provides an ideal environment for plant growth, allowing precise manipulation of nutrient levels, pH, temperature, and light intensity. The selenium treatments are based on a randomized complete block design to ensure statistical accuracy. Various growth parameters, biomass accumulation, and biochemical analyses of carotenoid and glucosinolate levels were measured to determine the interactions between selenium uptake and metabolite biosynthesis. Carotenoid content was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Glucosinolate concentrations were determined through chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods to measure bioactive compound content. Research suggests that selenium supplementation may modulate plant physiological responses and enhance carotenoid and glucosinolate synthesis. It is essential to study ways to optimize hydroponic deep water culture production systems to improve the nutritional and functional quality of leafy greens like watercress. These findings can provide information to guide controlled environment and sustainable agricultural practices. Results from this research may also advance nutrient-fortification strategies, enhance functional food development, and address micronutrient deficiencies, thereby supporting both horticultural innovation and public health. Keywords: Selenium fertilization, Beta-carotene, Deep Water Hydroponic, Watercress, Agricultural sustainability, Controlled Environment Agriculture
Speakers
avatar for Cora Teets

Cora Teets

Research Associate, Kentucky State University
Hi! I am Cora Teets, I am a resercher in the Center Nutritrition and Cancer for Resrach at Kentcuky State Universoty. I also act as an adjunct professor for Basic Nutrition at the University. I am passionate about mentoring students and establishing collaborations to make the most... Read More →
Co-authors
AA

Adekunle Adeyeye

Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY
TN

THEONESTE NZARAMYIMANA

Kentucky State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 2
  • Subject Vegetable Crops Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA ARS: 210238-20047-206002-3100
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Effects of Biostimulant Application on Plant Growth, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Six Sweet Peppers Cultivars
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Sweet peppers are a warm-season vegetable prized for their vibrant colors, rich flavor, and high nutritional value. Biostimulants are a new class of agricultural products consisting of microorganisms or bioactive substances, used as a sustainable approach to enhance plant growth and productivity. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of biostimulant applications on plant growth, yield, and quality of sweet pepper cultivars grown in a container production system. Three biostimulants were tested including a seaweed extract (Kelpak Maxx, 1% solution), a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Continuum V2, at a rate of 2 ml per gallon), and stabilized monosilicic acid (Dune, at a rate of 2 ml per gallon). Six sweet pepper cultivars were selected for the study: Cornito Giallo, Escamillo, Green Machine, Carmen, SVPB8500, and Cornito Rosso, all purchased from Johnny’s Selected Seeds. Biostimulant treatments were applied biweekly through manual fertigation with 120 ml of solution. Plants in the control group were fertigated with 120 ml of water. Plant vegetative growth including plant height, widths, and leaf SPAD were measured three times during the growing season. Once fruit ripening began, pepper fruits were harvested every two weeks from July to September. At each harvest, marketable and unmarketable yield and fruit number were recorded. Fruit quality variables including fruit length, diameters, and color were also measured. Results showed that the sweet pepper cultivars varied in vegetative growth, fruit yield, and quality. The two cultivars Green Machine and SVPB8500 had higher leaf SPAD of 64.2 and 63.9, respectively, than Carmen, Escamillo, Cornito Giallo, or Cornito Ross. The cultivars Carmen, Cornito Giallo, Cornito Rosso, and Escamillo had similar plant heights ranging from 36.4 cm to 38.4 cm, higher than Green Machine or SVPB8500. Biostimulant treatment did not affect leaf SPAD or plant height early in the season.
Speakers
AP

Abby Pennington

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
AA

Ali Alsughayyir

Mississippi State University
NA
GB

Guihong Bi

Mississippi State University
JA

Jacob Arthur

Mississippi State University
TL

Tongyin Li

Mississippi State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 2
  • Subject Vegetable Crops Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce Specialty Crop Block Grant Program; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project MIS-149220.

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Influence of Silicon and Brassinosteroids Application on Yield and Nutrient Composition of Arugula
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Rising temperatures, erratic precipitation, and increased periods of drought present significant challenges to vegetable crop production by disrupting growth reducing yield and crop quality. To address these challenges, biostimulants have been used in crop production for their ability to enhance plant growth, improve nutrient uptake, and increase resilience against environmental stresses. However, there exists a research gap in the mode of applications and rates of different biostimulants in various vegetable crops grown in open-field conditions. Hence, the current study evaluated the effects of two distinct biostimulants (silicon and brassinosteroids) on arugula (Eruca sativa) production. Although silicon is not universally recognized as an essential nutrient for plant growth, it is considered beneficial and has been proven to exhibit biostimulant properties. Contrarily, brassinosteroids are a class of plant hormones crucial in regulating growth, development, and stress responses in crops. These biostimulants were applied independently through the soil and foliar application at two different rates to assess their effects on the growth, yield, and nutritional quality of arugula. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three blocks in open-field conditions. Data was collected on various parameters, including the number of leaves per week, fresh and dry weight at harvest, and mineral and phytochemical content such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, sugars, phenols, and flavonoids content. Results show that silicon applied plants have improved yield. By assessing biostimulants impact on the yield and nutrient composition of arugula, the current research concludes the potential of biostimulants as a sustainable approach to improve growth of arugula under challenging environmental conditions
Speakers
NR

Nandini Reddy Muraka

oklahoma state university
Co-authors
NM

Niels Maness

Oklahoma state university
NA
SP

Steve Phillips

Oklahoma state university
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Leaf Anatomical and Physiological Variability of Tomato Genotypes with Modified Polyamine Metabolism and its Potential Role to Stress Resilience
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The anticipated impacts of climate extremes on food production have led research into novel paths aimed at optimizing cultivation techniques and developing genotypes resilient to abiotic stresses. Research over the last 20 years led to a considerable amount of evidence that the regulation of polyamine metabolism (and in particular of thermospermine) through the overexpression or gene mutation of polyamine oxidases (PAOs) genes, could enhance plant resilience. However, there are still limited data on how the differential expression of PAOs genes affects physiological and morpho-anatomical traits that contribute to plant resilience. Therefore, in this study we explored the morpho-anatomical and functional-physiological variability of leaves of 8 tomato genotypes, one reference (cv. Moneymaker), and 7 with modified thermospermine metabolism, comprising 3 overexpressing genotypes and 4 loss-of-function mutants for two thermospermine-specific PAO genes, SlPAO3 and SlPAO4. The plants were cultivated under greenhouse conditions following standard commercial practices, and a total of 17 morpho-anatomical and functional traits were assessed for each genotype. Based on plasticity indices (IP), notable phenotypic variability among genotypes was observed, particularly in leaf morpho-anatomical traits, pigment concentrations, performance index (PItotal), plant height, and total leaf area. In contrast, the lowest IP values were recorded for traits related to gas exchange and Fv/Fm. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two main axes accounting for 78% of the total variation, and a clear grouping of genotypes emerged according to the type of PAOs gene expression modification (overexpression or gene mutation). These findings reveal substantial differences in leaf structural traits among genotypes, depending on PAOs expression levels, aligning with previous studies highlighting the role of polyamines in organogenesis. Considering the critical importance of leaf structure–function interactions in determining both productivity and stress resistance, further investigation into the role of PAOs as a potential tool for enhancing plant resilience to abiotic stresses is warranted.
Speakers
IK

Ioannis Karapanos

University of Florida / North Florida Research and Education Center
Co-authors
AK

Andriana Karachaliou

Crop Science Athens Attica Greece, Agricultural University of Athens
DN

Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos

Crop Science Athens Attica Greece, Agricultural University of Athens
EK

Evangelos Kyrkoulis

Crop Science Athens Attica Greece, Agricultural University of Athens
GL

Georgios Liakopoulos

Crop Science Athens Attica Greece, Agricultural University of Athens
PB

Panagiota Bresta

Crop Science Athens Attica Greece, Agricultural University of Athens
PT

Paraskevi Tavladoraki

Department of Science, University Roma Tre
SC

Styliani Chorianopoulou

Crop Science Athens Attica Greece, Agricultural University of Athens
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Leveraging the potential of Methylobacterium symbioticum to boost spinach productivity
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Nitrogen is a vital element for plant growth, playing a crucial role in photosynthesis and protein synthesis. The bio-stimulant "Utrisha N," which contains the bacteria Methylobacterium symbioticum, has the potential to enhance nitrogen availability by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices. While it has been evaluated in other row crops, its application in vegetable crops remains untested. This study examined the effects of the foliar application of "Utrisha N" on yield, nitrogen metabolism, and phytochemical profiles under various nitrogen conditions. The results indicated that the foliar application of "Utrisha N" during the developmental phase of spinach significantly increased both fresh and dry biomass and chlorophyll content. No significant changes in nitrogen mineral metabolism were observed regardless of nitrogen availability. We assessed nitrogen assimilation by calculating the percentage accumulation of amino acids in the vegetative tissues. The differential expression of genes related to nitrogen metabolism influenced by Methylobacterium symbioticum is currently being analyzed. This study's results will help clarify the potential benefits of Methylobacterium in improving nitrogen metabolism and boosting spinach productivity.
Speakers
avatar for Sandeep Sran

Sandeep Sran

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas A & M University, College Station
Co-authors
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 2

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Physiological and Morphological Screening of Tomato Cultivars for Thermotolerance
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Temperature constraints on tomato production challenge local production in warm climates. In Oklahoma, there is a narrow optimum temperature window required for fruit set, which ultimately results in a decline during late July and August. Growers are motivated to select heat tolerant tomato genotypes for better results. Previous research shows that there is a range of physiological responses when considering heat tolerant and heat sensitive cultivars. To investigate further, a controlled environment trial will be designed to evaluate eight different tomato cultivars at two different temperature regimes, optimum (26°C / 20°C) and elevated (36°C/26°C). Morphological measurements will be collected daily and are to include days to first truss, days to first open flower, days to first fruit set, and flower-fruit set ratio. Non-destructive physiological measurements will be collected weekly, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Electrolyte leakage will be measured once upon the completion of the trial. Differences in net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were found to be significant between the two temperature regimes (p > 0.001) at 28 days after transplanting. Net photosynthetic rate averages were 4.358 µmol m-2 s-1 for the elevated temperature and 7.815 µmol m-2 s-1 for the optimum temperature. Stomatal conductance averages were 0.081 mol m-2 s-1and 0.150 mol m-2 s-1 for elevated and optimum regimes respectively. A Euclidean Distance will be calculated between the responses to the two temperatures upon completion, creating a heat tolerant index. The results will assist with the development of a screening tool for heat tolerant cultivars.
Speakers Co-authors
JQ

Justin Quetone Moss

Oklahoma State University
NA
SK

Shivani Kathi

Oklahoma State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 2

1:00pm CDT

VCM 2 - Production of Alternative Microgreen Species as Affected by Five Types Growing Substrate
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Microgreens are young seedlings of various vegetable and herb species that are usually harvested 10 to 14 days after germination. They are a popular specialty crop because they are rich in mineral nutrients and health beneficial phytochemicals, grow quickly, need little space, and can be produced year-round in a protected environment. The choice of substrate is critical for successful microgreen production because it affects shoot growth, nutrient absorption, and total shoot yield. Compared with commonly used peat-based substrate, easy-to-use hydroponic mat products made from various fibers serve as sustainable alternative growing media. This study examines the effect of five substrates on the growth performance of four microgreen species including ‘Red Garnet’ amaranth (Amaranthus tricolour), ‘Red Gruner’ purslane (Portulaca oleracea), Rainbow Sprinkles Mix (with chard and beet, Beta vulgaris), and Shungiku (Glebionis carinata). The five substrates include bamboo mat, coco coir fiber mat, Ectone mat (made from recycled plastic bottle), jute mat, and a peat based soilless substrate. Results showed that fresh shoot weight was affected by the interaction between species and substrate type. Shungiku grown on peat and coco coir produced the highest fresh shoot weights of 74.7 and 70.2 g per growing tray, respectively, among all treatment combinations. Microgreens species varied in their preference of substrate for maximum shoot yield, with peat producing in higher fresh shoot weight than other substrate types in purslane and Rainbow Sprinkles Mix. Overall, peat and coco coir mat resulted in higher dry shoot weight than jute, bamboo, or Ectone mat across the four tested species. These results show the importance of choosing the right substrate for maximum yield and quality in microgreen production.
Speakers
AA

Ali Alsughayyir

Mississippi State University
NA
Co-authors
AP

Abby Pennington

Mississippi State University
GB

Guihong Bi

Mississippi State University
JA

Jacob Arthur

Mississippi State University
TL

Tongyin Li

Mississippi State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Vegetable Crops Management 2
  • Subject Vegetable Crops Management
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce Specialty Crop Block Grant Program; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project MIS-149220.

1:00pm CDT

WCPM 1 - Controlling Weeds in Nursery Container Production by Alternative Pesticides: A Potential Research Area
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The ornamental crop industry in the United States, is a billion-dollar industry. Weed management in nursery container production is a significant challenge, as weeds compete with ornamentals for essential resources, reducing plant quality, marketability, and overall profitability. Controlling weeds in containers is one of the highest production costs encountered by nursery growers, often exceeding $4,000 per acre. Previous research results have shown that weeds within a restricted area can reduce ornamental growth by 60%. Some of the most problematic weed species identified in the container production includes liverwort, hairy bittercress, oxalis, chick weed, etc. Liverwort is one of the major weed problems in greenhouses and nursery container production. Historically liverwort has been reported as a weed issue in cooler regions of the Northeast and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States. It thrives well in moist, low UV light condition, and in presence of high fertility and a cool temperature. Hence, nurseries and greenhouses are ideal places for their growth. Growers rely mostly on hand weeding to manage these problematic weeds, especially inside the greenhouse production system as there are limitations in applying herbicides within greenhouse conditions. Since hand weeding is very time consuming, laborious, and expensive, there is an immediate need for research to improve chemical weed control practices through alternative pesticides that can be applied to container production and improve growers’ productivity and profitability. New plants are always being added to nursery production so phytotoxicity studies are also required. Some previous research has focused on evaluating synthetic versus organic herbicides for weed control inside greenhouse conditions. However, there is almost no information available on how alternative pesticides such as fungicide or miticides can be used for weed control in container production and whether they will be safe on ornamentals. This significant knowledge gap has led to the development of this master’s research proposal. Hence the objectives of this research proposal are: To evaluate the preemergence efficacies of fungicide and miticide as alternative pesticides on liverwort control; To assess newer herbicide formulations and rates for controlling weeds and phytotoxicity on container-grown woody shrubs; To disseminate the research results to the growers and scientific community. Preliminary results have shown that miticide Tetracurb Max and fungicide Zerotol can provide suppression of liverwort in containers without causing any significant injuries to the woody ornamental shrubs.
Speakers
SG

Sushil Grewal

Michigan State University
Co-authors
DS

Debalina Saha

Michigan State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

WCPM 1 - Germination Moisture and Temperature Requirements of Italian Ryegrass
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The changing climate is impacting weed ecology and growth patterns in agricultural production systems. General understandings of temperature and moisture requirements have been documented for different weed species, however, there is evidence that production practices and environmental factors affect weed species response to temperature and moisture. Laboratory studies were initiated in 2023 at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center to determine the germination temperature and moisture requirements of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) collected in Idaho and Washington. For the germination temperature requirement experiments, weed populations and wheat cultivars were grown on a thermogradient table with 10 varying temperatures between 4 C and 35 C. In the germination moisture requirement experiments, polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) obtain 10 different osmotic potentials (0 to -2 MPa) at temperatures >12 C, there were no differences in germination speed and maximum germination between the Italian ryegrass and spring wheat. However, Italian ryegrass had faster germination speed and greater maximum germination at temperatures
Speakers
CM

Chandra Montgomery

University of Idaho
Co-authors
AA

Albert Adjesiwor

University of Idaho
JC

Joan Campbell

University of Idaho
NA
TR

Traci Rauch

University of Idaho
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 2

1:00pm CDT

WCPM 1 - Identifying Lactuca spp. Germplasm Resistant to Western Flower Thrips
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Recently, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), transmitted by the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), has emerged as a major limiting-factor in lettuce production, causing up to 100% yield losses in California. Florida, the third-largest lettuce-producing state in the US, following California and Arizona, cultivates approximately 11,000 acres of lettuce annually. While cases of INSV have not been reported in Florida lettuce, F. occidentalis is a common pest in many crops in Florida including lettuce, the virus poses a significant threat to lettuce crops if introduced. Since INSV is exclusively transmitted by thrips, effective thrips management is crucial to mitigate its impact. Currently, management of F. occidentalis mainly relies on pesticides, however, over-reliance on pesticides may lead to insecticide resistance and further raising environmental and health risks. An integrated pest management approach, incorporating thrips-resistant lettuce cultivars as a first line of defense, could provide a sustainable solution to mitigate the possible negative effects of INSV. The aim of this study was to identify lettuce germplasm with resistance to F. occidentalis. In no-choice experiments, 39 lettuce germplasms including commercial cultivars were evaluated for the resistance to F. occidentalis. These germplasms were planted under thrips-free conditions and plants were placed individually to thrips-proof container and infested with 7 female thrips when they developed 5-6 true leaves. The thrips colony was reared on Okeechobee cultivar, a cultivar susceptible to other sap-feeding insects, which was also used as control for the experiments. Fourteen days post-infestation, the number of larvae and adult thrips per plant. Experiments were conducted in an insectary room maintained at 25 ± 1 °C with a photoperiod of 16-hour light and 8-hour dark. Five replicates (plants) were conducted for each lettuce germplasm. Several germplasms, including breeding lines 50100, 70096, and 70882, cultivars such as Bambino, La Brillante, Manatee, Emperor, Hacienda, and Valmaine, as well as plant introductions (PI) 204707 and 251246, exhibited significantly less larvae (Alpha level 0.05) than Okeechobee, suggesting resistance to F. occidentalis. On the other hand, breeding line 60183 and Gator had significantly higher number of larvae thrips than Okeechobee suggesting high susceptibility to F. occidentalis. These findings highlight promising candidates for further identification of genomic regions responsible for resistance against F. occidentalis and to develop resistant lettuce cultivars that could be a first-line of defense against INSV. Since INSV has not been reported in Florida, this underscores the importance of proactive resistance breeding efforts to prevent potential outbreaks.
Speakers
TB

Tennyson Bilinkhinyu Nkhoma

University of florida
Co-authors
DM

De-fen Mou

University of florida
NA
GS

German Sandoya Miranda

University of Florida EREC
JB

Julien Beuzelin

University of florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 2
  • Subject Weed Control and Pest Management
  • Funding Source This project is partially supported by USDA NIFA Hatch project Accession Number 7005266 and USDA-AMS Specialty Crop Block Program/Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) grant 23SCBPFL1181.​

1:00pm CDT

WCPM 1 - Investigation of laser-guided variable-rate spray technology to achieve thorough trunk applications
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Air-blast sprayers with intelligent spray technology can apply pesticides more efficiently to tree canopies than conventional sprayers. However, little research has examined their effectiveness for trunk applications to control pests such as flatheaded borer (FHB). FHB larvae chew directly into the trunk upon hatching, necessitating thorough coverage with contact insecticides. Our objective was to explore the potential of using intelligent variable-rate spray technology to achieve thorough coverage on tree trunks. A red maple (Acer rubrum) block was divided into three plot-row-types: single-row (SR), double-row (DR; South and North rows), and triple-row (TR; South, interior, and North rows). Water sensitive paper (WSP) wraps were used to assess spray coverage. Wraps were secured around trunks of ten trees per row at 15 and 40 cm above the ground. Plots were sprayed with water using a Jacto A400/850 air-blast sprayer in constant-rate (CR) and variable-rate (VR) modes using the Smart Apply intelligent spray control system. CR discharged 69% higher spray volume than the VR mode (P < 0.0001). SR had >99% coverage; coverage in SR was not affected by spray mode or wrap height (P ≥ 0.0592). For DR, coverage ranged from 98.4% to 99.9%, and spray mode did not affect coverage on upper wraps (P ≥ 0.0829) within a row, while CR (99.6%) had lower coverage than VR (99.9%; P = 0.0043) for lower wraps in the northern row. However, TR coverage varied with the spray mode and wrap height (P < 0.0001). Upper wraps in the southern and interior rows had higher coverage from CR than VR, 98.6% versus 89.9% (P = 0.0019) and 98.7% versus 78.8% (P = 0.0137), respectively. For lower wraps, both the southern and interior rows had higher coverage from CR than VR, 98.5% versus 93.4% (P = 0.0019) and 99.5% versus 94.0% (P = 0.0137), respectively. Coverage was very high, i.e., ≥98.0% for 18 of 24 treatment combinations and ≥89.9% for 23 of 24 treatment combinations, but did not achieve 100%. There was no advantage to CR for SR or DR. For all plot-row-types and spray modes, the spray rate was higher than desired. CR sprayed 480, 251, and 210 GPA in the SR, DR, and TR plots, respectively, while VR discharged 239, 156, and 140 GPA. Future research should examine the use of adjuvants to increase coverage and determine a coverage range that balances acceptable FHB control, labor costs, and spray volume.
Speakers
KM

Karl McKim

The University of Tennessee
Co-authors
AF

Amy Fulcher

University of Tennessee
CY

Cory Yurisic

University of Tennessee
NA
EE

Erica Eady

The University of Tennessee
NA
GP

Grace Pietsch

The University of Tennessee
NA
HZ

Heping Zhu

USDA-ARS
NA
SX

Sun Xiaocun

The University of Tennessee
NA
WC

Wesley C Wright

The University of Tennessee
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 2
  • Subject Weed Control and Pest Management
  • Funding Source USDA SCRI Grant # 2020-51181-32199
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

1:00pm CDT

WCPM 1 - Pest Silencing- RNA Interference as a Strategy for Pest Management
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The current study seeks to improve our ability to utilize RNA interference in developing novel tactics for management of arthropod pests related to crop protection and vector mitigation. The use of this technology in the development of novel arthropod control strategies has been substantially limited relative to its potential for implementation, and inherent advantages over traditional means for controlling pests. Past efforts in applying RNA interference as a strategy for management of arthropod pests have been limited by substantial hurdles that this research seeks to address. While the potential for the utility of RNAi in pest management has been recognized in the past several decades, previous research has found that the practicability of the technology in an applied setting is stifled by a number of factors, including the molecular instability of RNA, host susceptibility, evolved resistance, efficacy, and off-target effects. Our interest in exploring the potential for RNAi as a strategy for pest management application comes from recent developments in our investigation into the genomic basis of toxin resistance in insects. This work suggests the vital importance of a family of genes found in all insects that we believe may function as a target for RNAi that would alleviate many of these stated concerns; these genes are directly involved in insect immunity, they are highly conserved throughout insects yet have enough sequence variability to allow for species-specific targeting, and many of these genes cause lethality when silenced using RNA interference. In our analysis, we highlight the potential of this family of genes in being leveraged towards pest management applications across arthropod species; and in our experimental study we target a member of this gene family in 2 species of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster and D. sechelia, as well as a target gene that has previously been shown to cause lethality when knocked down in fruit flies. We show that member genes in this family may be an effective target for the development of RNAi based bioinsecticidal approaches, with potential applications in a broad range of arthropod pests.
Speakers
avatar for Chris Hayes

Chris Hayes

PhD Student, Wesleyan University
Hi, I'm Chris! I am currently in my second year as a PhD student in the Biology Department at Wesleyan University. I work in the Coolon Lab, where my project is focused on developing RNAi as a tool for Pest Management. While the lab is more focused on Genomic Analysis, I chose to... Read More →
Co-authors
JC

Joseph Coolon

Wesleyan University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 2

1:00pm CDT

WCPM 1 - Prevalence of Aphid-Transmitted Potyviruses in Pumpkin and Winter Squash in Georgia, USA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Viruses are a major biotic threat to cucurbit production in the southeastern United States. Many important cucurbit viruses are transmitted by whiteflies and aphids. Recent cucurbit virus research in Georgia is predominantly focused on whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTVs) and research is lacking on the aphid-transmitted viruses (ATVs) in cucurbit crops of Georgia. This study investigates the occurrence, prevalence, and emergence of ATVs in pumpkin and winter squash crops grown in a vegetable research farm at the University of Georgia-Tifton Campus during the fall season of 2022 and 2023. We screened plants for characteristic virus symptoms such as mosaic, mottling, yellowing, chlorotic spots, vein clearing, shoestring, upward curling, crumpling, blistering, and deformation of leaves. We collected symptomatic leaf samples of pumpkin and winter squash from the field. We processed the leaf samples for small RNA libraries for high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to identify ATVs present in the samples. We amplified viral genes for sanger sequencing and ran quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) for molecular validation of HTS results. HTS analysis revealed the presence of two ATVs, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The qPCR results suggested a significant temporal shift in ATV’s abundance in these two crops. In 2022, PRSV and ZYMV incidence was observed in 56.25% and 31.25% pumpkin leaf samples. In winter squash, PRSV and ZYMV incidence was found in 50% and 32.14% leaf samples. Mixed infection of both viruses was at 28.12% for pumpkin and 25% for winter squash. In 2023, PRSV was not detected in pumpkins, and it was detected at a negligible level (0.62%) in winter squash. ZYMV was predominant in pumpkin (61.25%) and winter squash (42.50%). Phylogenetic analysis of ZYMV-encoded coat protein (CP) and helper component-protease (HC-Pro) suggested a close relationship with the European isolates. However, PRSV-encoded CP and NIa-VPg showed a close relationship with isolates from Australia, Papua New Guinea, Spain, and the United States. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest single or mixed infections of ZYMV- and PRSV-infected pumpkin and winter squash in Georgia, USA. The findings of this study will serve as an important foundation for future research to understand the complex interactions between insect-transmitted viruses in cucurbit crops, which is vital for developing resistant cultivars and effective virus management strategies for commercial cucurbit vegetable crop production.
Speakers
NA

Nirmala Acharya

PhD student, University of Georgia
Co-authors
AS

Alvin Simmons

USDA ARS
NA
DG

David G. Riley

University of Georgia
NA
JC

Juan Carlos Diaz Perez

University of Georgia
MK

Manish Kumar

University of Georgia
NA
SB

Sudeep Bag

University of Georgia
NA
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
TC

Timothy Coolong

University of Georgia
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Weed Control and Pest Management 2

1:15pm CDT

UG 2 - Local Food Needs Local Seed: Increasing production and Use of Locally Adapted Seed with a Farm to Community Network
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:15pm - 1:30pm CDT
Seed saving is an effective strategy for farmers who want to improve farm resilience and biodiversity. Farmers expressed a desire to reduce dependency on national seed suppliers whose cultivars are often poorly adapted for Florida’s subtropical climate and were eager to improve their seed saving skills. This SR-SARE funded education project focused on farmer training and documenting seed saving methods was led by Working Food in collaboration with UF and three established small farm operations in North Central Florida. Activities and deliverables from the project included farmer training, photography, video recording and editing, seed processing demonstrations, farmer interviews, and community workshops. Throughout, farmers provided opinions on the ways that seed saving can or might improve their operation’s management and economic viability, as well as the constraints associated with seed saving such as longer rotations and additional labor for seed harvest and processing. Interviews and video recordings for this project occurred during summer 2024 through spring 2025. Story boards were developed to guide the organization of content and images needed before video recording began. Over 640 hours of recording and editing were completed using editing software programs Premier Pro and Canva. Seven educational materials were created including three farmer interview videos, two dry seed processing videos with Working Foods, and two slide shows that detailed the process of seed saving for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pepper (Capsicum annuum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and winter squash (Cucurbita moschata). Growers engaged in tasting panels to provide farmer-informed observations regarding which locally adapted varieties seemed best and ultimately most viable for their farming operations. Farmers expressed positive feedback, noting consumers were enthusiastic about purchasing locally adapted cultivars and often expressed a preference for their flavor. Overall, challenges faced by the farmers included labor and storage constraints, lack of experience growing crops to maturity. Despite these barriers, participants who had prior experience with traditional farming practices or access to community support were more likely to adopt seed-saving practices. Farmers cited reduced production costs and more control of their crop selection as benefits of seed saving. Ultimately, seed saving has the potential to reduce external inputs, increase product diversification and cultivate stewardship for locally adapted and culturally important crops.
Speakers
NA

Noah Allen

University Of Florida
Co-authors
DT

Danielle Treadwell

University of Florida
MD

Melissa DeSa

Working Food
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:15pm - 1:30pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 2
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture (SR-SARE) Education Grant #2022-3864037488

1:15pm CDT

Building Your Personal Brand
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:15pm - 1:45pm CDT
Learn essential strategies for students and early career professionals looking to establish their professional brand. Crafting a distinct identity is crucial in today's competitive job market. From honing your elevator pitch to leveraging your academic accomplishments, we'll cover the fundamental elements of personal branding. Additionally, we'll delve into the increasingly vital role of social media platforms in shaping professional reputations, offering insights on how to navigate and optimize these channels effectively. Whether you're aiming for a career in academia or industry, this session will equip you with practical tools to kickstart your journey toward building a compelling professional presence.
Speakers
avatar for Julie Campbell

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:15pm - 1:45pm CDT
Hort Theater

1:30pm CDT

Coffee Break
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:30pm - 2:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:30pm - 2:00pm CDT
Empire AB

1:44pm CDT

CE 6 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
ES

Eric Stallknecht

Virginia Tech
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

1:44pm CDT

FLOR 3 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
JQ

Juan Quijia Pillajo

The Ohio State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

1:44pm CDT

GG 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
SY

Shengrui Yao

New Mexico State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Foster 2

1:44pm CDT

PH 3 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
DK

Deepak Kumar Jha

PostDoc, Texas A
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 11B

1:44pm CDT

VSF 3 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Foster 1

1:45pm CDT

CE 6 - Effects of Light Intensity and Continuous Lighting on Yield and Nutritional Profile of Pea, Radish, and Sunflower Microg
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Microgreens are increasingly cultivated indoors using artificial lighting, which can be energy-intensive and depending on the species, can have varying effects on yield, commercial quality and nutritional profile. Understanding how light conditions influence plant physiological processes, including growth, phytochemical composition, and nutrient accumulation, is essential for optimizing indoor farming systems. Previous studies indicate that a light intensity of 300 µmol/m²/s enhances growth in microgreens, increasing dry weight and phytochemical content. Extending photoperiods with lower photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) has been proposed as a strategy to improve efficiency and plant biomass accumulation under controlled environment. Some photosynthetically active pigments may also be influenced by light manipulation. Carotenoids, a group of pigments that are beneficial to human health, are known to be protective of the photosynthetic system in plants, by regulating the flow of energy and mediating the damage caused by excess light absorption. Continuous lighting can be used to reduce energy costs in microgreen production; however, this may exceed species-specific tolerance thresholds, causing physiological stress. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the effect of continuous lighting on microgreens. To this purpose, a study was conducted in the spring of 2024, at the Penn State greenhouse facilities. We assessed the growth and nutritional responses of pea, radish, and sunflower microgreens under a factorial combination of 16- and 24-hour photoperiods and 150 or 300 µmol/m²/s light intensity. Photoperiod and light intensity impacted all three species of microgreens. Yield was highest under a 24-hour photoperiod at 150 µmol/m²/s. Dry matter content was unaffected by photoperiod but was highest at 300 µmol/m²/s. Regarding phytochemical content, carotenoids increased under continuous lighting and improved at 300 µmol/m²/s. Total antioxidant levels were higher at 300 µmol/m²/s compared to 150 µmol/m²/s. On the other hand, nitrate content increased under shorter photoperiods and lower light intensity, a trend also observed for total nitrogen, and iron concentration at 16-hour photoperiod and 150 µmol/m²/s. These findings indicate that all three microgreen species tested tolerate continuous lighting with positive or no effects on yield and nutritional quality, suggesting that light intensity and continuous lighting can be used in controlled environment systems to enhance the commercial quality and nutritional profile of microgreens.
Speakers
AS

Aline Seffrin

Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 6
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source This research was funded by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Block Grants # C940001528 “Advancing the Sustainability of Indoor Urban Agricultural Systems” and # C940001096 “Employing Agronomic Biofortification Techniques for the Production of High-Value Functional Vegetable Crops” and was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Federal Appropriations under Project #PEN05002, Accession #7007517.

1:45pm CDT

FLOR 3 - Substrate pH and Inoculant Amendments Modulate Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Efficacy in French Marigold: Impacts on
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Calcium phosphate [Ca₃(PO₄)₂] is an nonlabile form of phosphorus (P) commonly found in substrates with a basic pH and it is not available for plant uptake. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are plant-associated microorganisms that can solubilize calcium phosphate by secreting organic acids. PSB inoculation alleviates P deficiency symptoms including leaf purpling, and PSB inoculum can be amended with substances that may improve PSB performance (i.e. glucose). Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy of PSB isolated from the rhizosphere of greenhouse ornamentals (Pantoea trifolii C2B11, Pantoea formicae C8D10, Pantoea sp. C2G6 and Enterobacter soli C4A1) in substrate with pH 6.0 or 6.5, and with an inoculum amended with glucose (10 g·L-1), Luria Bertani (LB) broth (111 mL·L-1), or humic and fulvic acids (20 g·L-1). An experiment was conducted using French marigold 'Durango Yellow' (Tagetes patula) fertilized once per week with 200 mg·L-1 N from a 15N-0P-12.5K-2.9Ca-1.2Mg fertilizer. P was supplemented to the fertilizer solution as Ca3(PO4)2 at 10 mg·L-1 P. Bacillus velezensis was included as a positive control. Digital biomass, Normalized Pigment Chlorophyll Ratio Index (NPCI), Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI) and canopy hue (color) were measured with the TraitFinder, a digital phenotyping workstation. NPCI and PSRI values from healthy foliage are low but increase under stress. At pH 6.0, all marigolds receiving PSB had increased growth regardless of the inoculum amendments. PSB amended with glucose resulted in marigolds with a lower NPCI than non-inoculated plants. Additionally, PSB-treated marigolds had a higher proportion of green canopy, and a lower proportion of red canopy compared to non-inoculated marigolds when the inoculum was amended with glucose or not amended. At pH 6.5, all PSB resulted in increased marigold growth regardless of inoculum amendments. PSB treated marigolds were healthier than non-inoculated plants, as indicated by their lower NPCI and PSRI values, regardless of the inoculum amendments. Accordingly, PSB treated marigolds had a higher proportion of green canopy and a lower proportion of red canopy compared to non-inoculated marigolds. Bacterial effects were more consistent when inoculum was supplemented with LB. A greater benefit was observed in plants grown at pH 6.5. Microbiome analysis of the rhizosphere showed that inoculation with C2B11, C2G6, and C8D10 increased the relative abundance of the genus Pantoea, and C4A1 enriched the genus Enterobacter. Careful determination of optimal inoculum supplements is key to developing efficient inoculants that promote growth in greenhouse ornamentals.
Speakers
JQ

Juan Quijia Pillajo

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
JA

James Altland

USDA-ARS
NA
JO

James Owen

USDA ARS
Jim Owens is a USDA-ARS Research Horticulturist located at the Application Technology Research Unit in Wooster, OH. Jim received his B.Sc. in Plant and Soil Science at the University of Kentucky, his M.Sc. in Environmental Science at the University of Rhode Island, and Ph.D. at North... Read More →
LC

Laura Chapin

The Ohio State University
MJ

Michelle Jones

The Ohio State University
SN

Sachin Naik

The Ohio State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 3
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source NIFA AFRI grant 2022-67013-36489

1:45pm CDT

GG 2 - Jujube germplasm metabolomic study of fruit and seeds in New Mexico and western Texas
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
To fully evaluate jujube germplasm, we sampled sour jujubes both from Las Cruces, NM and western Texas to examine their fruit and seed metabolomic profiles to facilitate further employment of those jujube germplasm trees. Samples were taken from the NMSU campus and Tornillo/Fabens, TX which had both the wild type and middle types (cross between wild ones and cultivars). Jujube germplasm fruit metabolomic profile reveals that jujube cultivar samples were similar to germplasm samples from Texas. Sour jujube samples in NM were separated from sour jujube from TX. Sour jujube in TX were mingled together with Cross in TX. So-called Cross and sour jujube were arbitrary classifications. Without cultivars, germplasm was separated by location NM vs TX, not by sour jujube or Cross. For significant compounds, there were only 110 significant different compounds between TX sour jujube vs Cross, while Cross vs NM sour jujube, TX sour jujube vs NM sour jujube or TX vs NM, had over 700. TXS and Cross group overlaid and NM group was totally separated from the other two groups. TX samples had significantly higher contents of large numbers of amino acids and derivatives. More compounds were identified from seed samples and their grouping/PCA results were similar to fruit metabolomic results. Cross samples were mixed together with TX sour jujubes and NM sour jujubes were separated from TX samples. New Mexico samples in Las Crues near graduate student housing area were planted at similar time which could be from one nursery, closed related to each other. Texas germplasm was the result of human selection, not the original sour jujubes but cross between sour jujubes or sour jujube and cultivar-like germplasm. The dominant triterpenes were different between fruit and seeds. In fruit flesh, pomolic acid was the dominant one with Honeyjar as the highest, followed by rutundic acid, Cleanothic acid, 2,3,23-Trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2,3,23-Trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, madasiatic acid, which were higher for NM samples than TX samples. In seeds, the dominant triterpenes were oleanolic acid, mangiferotic acid, momordicoside I aglycone, 3,13,15-trihydroxyolenonane-12-one, jujubogenin, and pomolic acid. The contents of the first three metabolites were equivalent and much higher than the rest, ranging from 0.5X108 to 1.5x108 depending on germplasm. Pomolic acid was much lower in seeds than in fruit. The data contained over 1600 metabolites in fruit and over 2000 for seeds which would be good references for future utilization of those jujube germplasm for horticultural or pharmaceutical purposes.
Speakers
SY

Shengrui Yao

New Mexico State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Foster 2

1:45pm CDT

PH 3 - Priming onion seeds with iron and copper nanoparticles enhances yield, reduces pungency, and improves postharvest qualit
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Priming seeds with nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to enhance germination, growth, and resilience against environmental stresses by inducing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which promote plant protection and health. However, the effectiveness of the essential micronutrients iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) as priming agents for crop production and postharvest qualities is largely unexplored. This study examines the impact of seed priming with Fe- and Cu-NPs on the production of onions, a crop of significant economic importance in Texas. NPs were synthesized using a green approach that employs onion juice as a reducing agent. The resulting Fe-NPs and Cu-NPs were characterized, and an optimal dose, determined by the length of root and shoot growth, was employed as a priming agent for two commercial yellow onion varieties (Legends and Pecos) and two Texas A
Speakers
DK

Deepak Kumar Jha

PostDoc, Texas A
Co-authors
JJ

John Jifon

Texas A
NA
VD

Vikas Dadwal

Texas A&M University
I am experienced in phytochemical extraction and LC-MS metabolomics of pre and post-harvested fruits and vegetables. My research focuses on the development of plant-derived bioactive formulations and the assessment of their biological activity in vitro and in vivo. I am currently... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

1:45pm CDT

VSF 3 - Impact of Shade Cloth on Gas Exchange and Yield of Strawberry Cultivars Grown in Lubbock, Texas
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Due to increasing demand for strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and their health associated benefits, strawberry production has expanded within the United States. Within Texas, strawberry cultivation remains a minor crop (currently less than 162 ha dedicated to strawberry production). However, the state's vast geographic size and diverse climatic conditions present significant opportunities for expanding strawberry production into traditionally non-producing regions. Despite potential for expanding strawberry production, Texas strawberry growers are faced with a number of production challenges. This study aimed to evaluate effects of different shade levels upon gas exchange and production of two strawberry cultivars, ‘Camino Real’ and ‘Albion’ in Lubbock, Texas. Bare root strawberries were planted Fall of 2021 under three shade treatments: Full sun (no shade), 70% full sun, and 50% full sun. Each treatment was applied to 16 plants of each cultivar, with three replications of each treatment. During fall, winter, and early spring, all plants were grown within low plastic tunnels. During the spring production season shade treatments maintained lower air and soil temperatures when compared to the full sun treatment. Light levels were reduced under shade treatments leading to greater leaf gas exchange rates under full sun growing conditions. Marketable yield and berry number for each plant were greater for 'Camino Real' compared to 'Albion', with 'Camino Real' producing twice the yield. Among shade treatments, the 70% sunlight treatment resulted in the greatest marketable yield and berry number for each plant. The lowest yield and berry number for each plant was observed under full sun conditions. Results suggest the interaction between plant cultivar and sun exposure plays a crucial role in determining strawberry yield and quality. Findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate shade levels and cultivars to optimize strawberry production within demanding environmental conditions.
Speakers
SP

Srijana Panta

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas Tech University
Co-authors
RW

Russ Wallace

TAMU AgriLife Extension
NA
TM

Thayne Montague

Texas Tech University
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 3

1:45pm CDT

Workshop: Structuring Master Gardener Programs for Success
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
The goal of this workshop is to bring together Master Gardener stakeholders working to create impactful programs in unique and efficient models and to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas for achieving greater impact through effective program operation. The participants will leave the workshop with partnerships identified between programs of similar needs and change status. The panel for the workshop represents 4 programs that have successfully restructured their programs and serve as models for those considering making a change. Through discussion, we will identify how to build a case for change, present the case to the leadership, manage change, and measure the outcome. Those active in any role of their Master Gardener program are encouraged to attend. Creating impactful programming in this field is directly influenced by the efficiency through which we operate. To achieve greater success, more effort must be invested in advancing purposeful and effective management. However, many of the programs throughout the country have grown into their current forms organically and through grassroots process which are now less effective for larger, statewide programs. Making large-scale changes in a university system can be difficult. Participants of this workshop will leave with a better understanding of the change process and learned about different Master Gardener program models that have successfully implemented change.

Speakers:
  • Missy Gable, Director, UC Master Gardener Program, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, mjgable@ucanr.edu
  • Jennifer Marquis, Director, WSU Extension Master Gardener Program, Washington State University, jgmarquis@wsu.edu
  • Mary Ortiz Castro, Colorado Master Gardener State Education Specialist, Interim Extension Programs Manager, Colorado State University Extension, mary.ortiz_castro@colostate.edu
  •  Ruth Carll, State Leader, Consumer Horticulture, Rutgers, ruth.carll@rutgers.edu
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Strand 10

1:45pm CDT

Effectively Reaching and Teaching the Next Generation (Interest Group Session)
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Covid has greatly impacted the learning style of the college student population. The Covid generation experienced limited in person student and teacher contact and in some cases incompletion of high school requirements. In addition, isolation among other things has caused a rise in student depression and anxiety. Higher ed educators must face the challenge of teaching and facilitating this generation of students by cultivating a learning environment that allows them to thrive.  Many universities have professionals focusing on teaching a new generation of learners. The proposed professional interest group session will focus on tools for students learning, strategies for helping students learn hard content, and relevance of the teaching methods used for teaching Horticulture related topics.

The session will open with an overview of the current climate of learning and teaching different generations and the key difference from Carl Krieger, Director, Residential Education Vice Provost for Student Life, Purdue University followed by a presentation from Sam Wortman, Associate Professor UNL his talk titled ‘Market-based competitions for developing horticultural entrepreneurs and innovators’ will cover how Authentic performance tasks are an important tool for engaging students in higher-order thinking. Dr. Wortman has developed several market-based competitions as authentic performance tasks for horticulture students at the University of Nebraska where they identify a market opportunity, develop a budget, grow or develop the product, and market the product to customers or investors at simulated plant sales, farmer's markets, and pitch competitions. In this presentation, Dr. Wortman will share details of how each competition is structured and evidence for their effectiveness in preparing the next generation of local food system entrepreneurs and innovators. A round table discussion will follow the presentations and facilitate the discussion of techniques, practices, and experiences of horticulture educators in attendance.
Round table topics will include:
1. Methodology and measuring impact
2. Empathetic teaching
3. Hands on or experiential learning

Moderator:
Dr. Moriah Bilenky, Assistant Professor of Sustainable Horticulture
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
Purdue University

Speakers:
  • Carl Krieger, Director, Residential Education Vice Provost for Student Life
  • Sam Wortman, Associate Professor UNL
Thursday July 31, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Strand 12A

2:00pm CDT

CE 6 - Short-Term Cold Treatment Improved Microgreen Nutritional Quality
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Microgreens are emerging as a culinary novelty ingredient, with rich nutritional content and fresh taste. It can be produced within just a few weeks and is becoming popular among chefs and health-conscious consumers. Cold stress is one of the abiotic stresses, it may induce the accumulation of phytochemical properties in plants. This study investigated the effects of short-term, pre-harvest cold treatment on the nutritional contents of microgreens. Four microgreens including buckwheat, pea, sunflower and watercress, were grown in a growth chamber maintained at a constant temperature of 25°C. The photoperiod was set for a 15-hour light cycle. We treated these four microgreens with a short-term treatment including control and cold treatment at 4°C for 24h before harvesting. The results showed that shoot length, stem diameter, and shoot dry weight in four microgreen species were not affected by cold treatment compared to the control. But cold treatment increased the fresh weight of watercress and the SPAD values in pea and sunflower. Cold treatment significantly affected soluble sugar content. Specifically, it increased fructose, glucose, and sucrose contents in pea microgreen compared to the control. In sunflower microgreen, it improved fructose and glucose content by 65% and 78%, respectively, but had no effect on sucrose levels. Buckwheat microgreen under short-term cold treatment showed increased sucrose content, while fructose and glucose levels remained unchanged. In watercress microgreen, short-term cold treatment increased fructose content by 39% but decreased glucose content by 29%. These findings suggest that buckwheat, pea, sunflower, and watercress microgreens have different responses to a 24h short-term cold treatment regarding plant growth and specific phytochemical contents. While this treatment did not have a negative effect on the yield of the four microgreens, it influenced their flavor by significantly increasing fructose, glucose, and sucrose levels. Given the small space required for a microgreen tray, a short-term 4°C cold treatment is easily achievable in refrigerators. This innovative pre-harvest cold treatment presents an accessible method for enhancing the flavor and nutritional quality of microgreens. Future research will explore the impact of short-term cold treatment on other phytochemicals in microgreens.
Speakers
JW

Jingyi Wu

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
GW

Gaosheng Wu

Mississippi state university
GB

Guihong Bi

Mississippi State University
QZ

Qianwen Zhang

Truck Crops Branch Experiment Station
TL

Tongyin Li

Mississippi State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 6

2:00pm CDT

FLOR 3 - Siderophore producing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of greenhouse plants enhance plant growth under iron-limiti
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Supplying adequate iron (Fe) to greenhouse crops is challenging, particularly for iron-sensitive plants grown in soilless substrates under alkaline conditions. High pH levels reduce Fe bioavailability by promoting the formation of insoluble iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃), which limits plant uptake. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance plant growth and stress tolerance through diverse mechanisms, including siderophore production. Siderophores are small molecules that have a high affinity for metal ions like ferric iron (Fe³⁺). Once the siderophore chelates iron, the complex is soluble, and plant roots can readily absorb it. This study identified siderophore producing bacteria (SPB) capable of enhancing plant growth under Fe-limiting conditions. A rhizosphere bacterial collection from greenhouse plants was screened for siderophore production using the chrome azurol S (CAS) assay. Genomic analysis of 12 isolates identified in the CAS assay revealed diverse siderophore-related genes and other plant growth-promoting traits. Five of the isolates (C2G2, C5A12, C6E3, C8G7, and C10A8) were identified as strong candidates based on their siderophore-related genes and Fe uptake pathways. A ferrozine-based assay confirmed Fe solubilization in a modified Hoagland’s solution containing goethite (Fe³⁺O(OH)) as an insoluble Fe source, with bacterial treatments yielding 0.57 mg Fe L⁻¹ versus 0 mg Fe L⁻¹ in controls (no bacteria). Subsequent in planta experiments evaluated the impact of SPB on French marigold ‘Durango Yellow’ (Tagetes patula) growth in hydroponic systems under Fe-limiting conditions. French marigold proved to be a good model plant for this screening system. Digital phenotyping showed that plants inoculated with isolates C5A12, C8G7, or C10A8 had 53.0%, 45.7%, or 50.3% more green leaf tissue, respectively, compared to untreated control plants. Additionally, treated plants had increased root biomass. These findings demonstrate the potential of SPB to enhance Fe availability and plant growth under iron-limiting conditions and offer a novel strategy for improving greenhouse crop production. The incorporation of SPB into greenhouse practices may benefit Fe-sensitive crops or systems where pH fluctuations reduce Fe availability, ultimately improving crop quality and sustainability.
Speakers
LC

Laura Chapin

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
MJ

Michelle Jones

The Ohio State University
SN

Sachin Naik

The Ohio State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 3
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source NIFA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, 2022-67013-36489

2:00pm CDT

GG 2 - Unraveling the Genetic Architecture of Key Traits for Prunus Crop Improvement
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
The accumulated genetic, genomic, and breeding data for Prunus species is often underutilized in breeding applications. This study examines 25 years of curated Prunus data in the Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR, rosaceae.org) to uncover the genetic architecture of key traits, and provide actionable insights for Prunus breeding. The curated dataset includes 177 genetic maps, primarily for almond, apricot, peach, and sweet cherry, and 28,971 trait-associated loci. Most of the trait associations (72.4%) were from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 18.7% from quantitative trait loci (QTL), and 8.9% from Mendelian trait loci. We identified 17 potential QTL hotspots for fruit morphology, fruit quality, and disease resistance, as well as 17 syntenic regions among peach, sweet cherry, and almond. These findings provide valuable resources for tool development for Prunus breeding, particularly for complex polyploid genomes and less-studied species.
Speakers
avatar for Michael Itam

Michael Itam

Clemson University
Co-authors
CC

Chun-Haui Cheng

Washington State University
NA
DM

Dorrie Main

Washington State University
KB

Katheryn Buble

Washington State University
NA
KG

Ksenija Gasic

Clemson University
PZ

Ping Zheng

Washington State University
NA
SJ

Sook Jung

Washington State University
NA
TL

Taien Lee

Washington State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Foster 2

2:00pm CDT

PH 3 - Storage of ‘Covington’ Sweet Potatoes Under Controlled Atmosphere Conditions: Effects on Quality and Shelf Life
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Sweet potato is a nutritious root crop, rich in fibers, beta-carotene and vitamin C, especially in highly pigmented varieties. The warm climate of Georgia provides ideal conditions for the cultivation of sweet potatoes. Maintaining postharvest quality during long-term storage remains a challenge for sweet potatoes packers and shippers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the postharvest quality and shelf life of ‘Covington’ sweet potatoes. Roots from two farms in South Georgia, Herring Farms (HF) and Bland Farms (BF), were cured at 29 °C and 85–90% relative humidity (RH), for three weeks and one week, respectively. After curing, samples were stored at 13 °C and 85–90% RH for up to six months under different atmosphere compositions: (1) Air 21 kPa O2-Control, (2) 7 kPa O2, (3) 7 kPa O2 2 kPa CO2, and (4) 7 kPa O2 10 kPa CO2, using an Oxystat 200 control atmosphere system, which mixed and regulated O2 and CO2 gases under constant pressure, ensuring gas levels within ± 0.5% of the target concentrations. After cold storage, roots were transferred to ambient conditions (21 °C and 85–90% RH) to simulate market and consumer handling. Quality parameters, including firmness, color, weight loss, decay incidence, sprouting, and respiration rates, were assessed at six time points: one month, one month plus two weeks at ambient conditions (AC), three months, three months plus two weeks at AC, six months, and six months plus two weeks at AC. For each location, 1,260 roots were evaluated, with 315 roots assigned to each atmospheric composition (three replicates of 15 roots per evaluation time point). Results demonstrated that storage under low O2 and moderate CO2 levels (7 kPa O2 2 kPa CO2) reduced weight loss and decay while maintaining higher firmness compared to Control (storage in air). In contrast, higher CO2 levels (10 kPa) resulted in increased weight loss and surface decay. These findings suggest that controlled atmosphere storage with low O2 and moderate CO2 levels can improve postharvest quality and extend the shelf life of sweet potatoes, whereas higher CO2 levels negatively affect postharvest quality of Georgia-grown ‘Covington’ sweet potatoes.
Speakers
JZ

Jakeline Zuluaga Acosta

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AD

Angelos Deltsidis

University of Georgia
WL

Wei-Shiang Liao

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

2:00pm CDT

VSF 3 - Evaluation of Two Day – Neutral Strawberry Cultivars Grown Hydroponically in a Greenhouse
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strawberry cultivation under a hydroponic system in a protected environment can be the key to enhancing off-season production in the U.S. Yet this type of cropping system remains a challenge. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of two day-neutral strawberry cultivars, ‘Albion’ and ‘San Andreas’, grown hydroponically in a greenhouse. Photosynthetic activity, growth and development, fruit yield, and quality have been evaluated for three seasons (2022-2025). The study is conducted at the Plant Science Research Center at Auburn, AL. Environmental conditions are recorded every 15 minutes. So far, the results presented the following: ‘Albion’ and ‘San Andreas’ have shown similarities in photosynthetic response with 15.00 µmol m-2s-1 for ‘Albion’ and 16.03 µmol m-2s-1 for ‘San Andreas’. Growth and development showed that plant height did not differ which is 22.2 cm and 23.9 cm ‘Albion’ and ‘San Andreas’, respectively. Leaf area (cm2) for ‘San Andreas’ is higher, 1679.11, than ‘Albion’, 1091.6. Leaves and stem dry weights (g plant-1) is higher for ‘San Andreas’, 12.89 and 6.63 than for ‘Albion’, 8.77 and 4.25, respectively. Flower and fruit dry weights did not differ for both cultivars. ‘San Andreas’ has a significantly higher yield (g plant-1), 21.80 than ‘Albion’, 17.30. Fruit quality varied between cultivars. ‘Albion’ has a higher brix with 9.15 than ‘San Andreas’ with only 7.85, while ‘San Andreas’ is firmer, 1.13 kg cm-1, than ‘Albion’, 1.03 kg cm-1. ‘San Andreas’ has larger fruits than ‘Albion’, 16.63 cm2 and 14.82 cm2, respectively. Thus, it is feasible to produce strawberries under hydroponic systems in a greenhouse.
Speakers
MM

MAVERICK MARIQUIT

Auburn University
I am currently studying in Horticulture as PhD student and at the same time working as a Graduate Research Assistant in Auburn University. My interest lies on the study of fruit crops with a significant focus on fruit growth and development as well as production and physiology (fruit... Read More →
Co-authors
BO

Brenda Ortiz

Auburn University
NA
EC

Elina Coneva

Auburn University
MR

Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez

Auburn University
NA
PB

Paul Bartley

Auburn University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Foster 1

2:00pm CDT

Southern Region ASHS Executive Committee Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 5:00pm CDT
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:00pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 14

2:15pm CDT

CE 6 - Effects of Blue and Red LED Lighting Ratio on Yield and Quality Components of Broccoli and Radish Microgreens
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
With growing consumer interest in health-promoting diets, microgreens have gained importance as nutrient-rich and functional leafy greens. These crops are increasingly grown indoors under LED lighting and the manipulation of light quality has been identified as a critical factor influencing plant growth, yield, and nutritional quality. Blue and red LED are both considered critical for plant growth, have high photon efficiency and can be readily absorbed and utilized by plants. However, each wavelength has different effects on the plant physiology and metabolism and there is a need to understand how their combination in different proportions may affect microgreens yield, morphology and nutritional quality. Therefore, we conducted a study aimed at evaluating the effects of different combinations of blue and red LED light on the yield and nutritional composition of radish and broccoli microgreens. Microgreens were grown in a walk-in growth chamber under a 14-hour photoperiod and six LED treatments (%): 100 white, 100 red, 100 blue, and blue: red ratios of 50:50, 25:75, and 75:25. The average photosynthetic photon flux density was 165 μmol m−2 s−1. Radish and broccoli were harvested after 7 and 8 days, respectively. Microgreens grown under 100% blue, red, and white LED light showed higher shoot height than those grown under mixed blue:red treatments, with 100% blue producing the tallest shoots. Dry biomass accumulation differed among treatments, with 100% blue LED light resulting in the lowest dry biomass. At the phytochemical level, antioxidant activity showed to be highest under 100% blue light, with a 16.3% increase across both species, while 100% red resulted in the lowest levels. The mineral composition was also affected by LED treatments, as microgreens grown under blue: red 50:50, 25:75, and 75:25 treatments resulted in the highest iron concentrations, averaging 10.4% higher compared to monochromatic red and blue light or to broad-spectrum white light. These findings are consistent with previous studies indicating that blue light enhances secondary metabolite accumulation and that combined red and blue light influences mineral uptake, highlighting the importance of light optimization for the commercial quality of microgreens grown in controlled environment.
Speakers
AS

Aline Seffrin

Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 6
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source This research was funded by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Block Grants # C940001528 “Advancing the Sustainability of Indoor Urban Agricultural Systems” and # C940001096 “Employing Agronomic Biofortification Techniques for the Production of High-Value Functional Vegetable Crops” and was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Federal Appropriations under Project #PEN05002, Accession #7007517.

2:15pm CDT

FLOR 3 - Wood Component Type And Peat Inclusion Rate Impact Pre-Plant Substrate pH Across Four Dolomitic Lime Amendment Rates.
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Increased interest in peat-alternative substrates has contributed to the development of both regional and global wood substrates. Utilizing different manufacturing equipment to produce wood fiber components allows producers to modify wood fibers/inputs through chipping, milling, heat, pressure, or various combinations, to alter physical properties and yield suitable material for horticulture use. Commercial substrates available for plant production include peat-reduced formulas with various percentages (by volume) of wood fiber. Current lime amendment suggestions to bring substrates into the optimal pH range for plant growth are based on peat as the main component. Wood fiber has variable initial pH across manufactured type and reacts differently to lime amendments compared to peat. To aid in the understanding of lime amendments to wood fiber substrate blends, this study was designed to measure the pre-plant pH response over time of substrates influenced by wood component type, peat inclusion percentage, and dolomitic lime amendment rate. Three types of manufactured wood substrates (hammermilled, screw-extruded, and disc refined) were individually blended with Sphagnum peat at 20% increments (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%). Each substrate was amended with 0, 4, 8, or 12 lbs/yd3 dolomitic lime and incubated in plastic bags to measure pH change at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after blending. Resulting pH values indicate dolomitic lime amendment rates will need to be adjusted based on peat:wood volume ratios. Wood fiber exhibited a higher initial pH than Sphagnum peat and within blends, as wood fiber rate increased, pH increased across all lime rates. Dolomitic lime amendments should be closely monitored at 40% volume or more wood fiber. Moderate pH differences were measured between manufactured wood fiber type within the same peat:wood volume ratio and lime rate, emphasizing interchangeability of wood component type.
Speakers
HB

Hauk Boyes

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
BJ

Brian Jackson

North Carolina State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 3
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source American Floral Endowment (AFE)

2:15pm CDT

GG 2 - Pyrus Pangenome Enables Identification of Genes Involved in Adaptation to Niche Environments
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Pears (genus Pyrus) are one of the most widely cultivated temperate fruit. Both abiotic and biotic stress, however, can be harsh constraints on pear cultivation; in America pear production has nearly ceased in the Eastern half of the nation, and in Europe extreme weather has become a growing threat to production, especially in Southern growing regions. Currently, high-quality reference genomes exist for the most widely cultivated Pyrus species, but little genomic information is available on ornamental, less cultivated, and wild Pyrus species. These species inhabit a wide range of climates across Eurasia, exhibiting diverse physiological adaptations to disease, high temperature, and water stress, while also showing variation in fruiting physiology and tree architecture. Discovery of genomic features responsible for this wide functional diversity could be applied to accelerating the genetic improvement of commercially cultivated Pyrus species. In order to characterize the genetic diversity within Pyrus, Nanopore whole genome DNA sequencing has been completed on 24 Pyrus accessions collected from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, enabling highly contiguous (median N50 ~30Mb) and complete (median ~99% BUSCO assessed completeness), telomere-to-telomere assemblies with Hifiasm. Ab initio gene prediction via the BRAKER pipeline followed by comparative analysis with OrthoFinder has been used to find biome specific genes, while synteny analysis via MCScanX allows for the exploration of structural alterations in the evolution of Pyrus. These newly characterized Pyrus accessions represent an expansion of genomic resources to aid in the development of more resilient pears for the future.
Speakers Co-authors
AD

Amit Dhingra

Texas A
NA
KE

Kate Evans

Washington State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Foster 2

2:15pm CDT

PH 3 - Zinc Nanoparticles as a Seed Priming Agent to Improve Postharvest Quality of Onion Bulbs
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Sweet onions (Allium cepa L.) are becoming increasingly popular due to their mild, sweet flavor and low pungency. Consequently, enhancing their pre- and post-harvest quality attributes has emerged as a key area of research. One promising method is seed nanopriming, where seeds are pre-treated with nanoparticles (NPs) to improve germination, overall plant growth, and quality. Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in plant metabolism, acting as a cofactor for various enzymes involved in processes like auxin production and chlorophyll synthesis, and onions are particularly sensitive to Zn deficiency. This study investigated seed nanopriming in four onion varieties: two yellow commercial types (Legend Onion and Pecos Onion) and two Texas A
Speakers
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 11B

2:15pm CDT

VSF 3 - Methyl Jasmonate Influences Health Attributes of Hydroponic Strawberries
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant signaling compound known to influence secondary metabolite production, including phenolic compounds and antioxidants. While many studies have shown MeJA’s effects applied to fruit post-harvest, this study aimed to evaluate its effects applied to the foliage and fruit of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Seascape’ and Fragaria × ananassa ‘Ft. Laramie’) before harvest, which has been studied to a lesser extent. The effects were measured by evaluating harvest metrics (number of fruits produced and the total mass of fruit per plant) as well as assays quantifying bioactive compounds related to human health. Strawberries were grown using a deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponics system in a controlled greenhouse environment located in Fargo, North Dakota. Plants were treated with MeJA at varying concentrations (0 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM) as an aqueous solution, with approximately 15 ml sprayed onto the leaves and developing fruit bi-weekly. Fruit extractions in water and 12% ethanol were analyzed for total soluble phenolics and antioxidant capacity using spectrophotometric assays, while enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed using in vitro biochemical inhibition assays. Results were inconsistent across cultivars with 1 mM MeJA increasing the average mass per fruit by nearly 25% for ‘Ft. Laramie’ plants, with little response and no differences for ‘Seascape’ plants. Bioactive assays produced complicated results, with total soluble phenolics peaking at 0.5 mM MeJA for ‘Seascape’ plants while ‘Ft. Laramie’ plants showed a slightly negative trend of TSP in relation to MeJA concentration for first year plants. Results of antioxidant assays, including ABTS radical inhibition and DPPH radical inhibition will be discussed, as will inhibition of enzymes relating to the management of hypertension and diabetes, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Speakers
MH

Mason Hill

North Dakota State University
Plant Science Master's student at NDSU
Co-authors
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 3

2:15pm CDT

Weed Control and Pest Management Interest Group Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:45pm CDT
open to all 
Presiding/Moderator
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:15pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 3

2:30pm CDT

CE 6 - Light Intensity During Radish and Kale Microgreen Production Influences Nutritional Quality and Consumer Perception
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Microgreens have become popular due to their high nutritional value, quick production time, and versatile culinary applications. Color has been known to influence consumer purchasing habits but can also inform consumers perception of the nutritional quality. To improve the economic feasibility of controlled environment microgreen production, altering light intensity can be a tool to achieve the desired color and aesthetic profile of microgreens, improve yield, and increase nutritional quality. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of light intensity on the growth, color, and nutritional quality of ‘Red Rambo’ and ‘Daikon’ radish (Raphanus sativas) and ‘KX-1’ and ‘Toscano’ kale (Brassica oleracea), and the subsequent effect on consumer preference and perception of nutritional quality. Radish cultivars were grown for 7 days and Kale cultivars were grown for 14 days in 28 x 28 cm trays filled with a peat-based substrate, irrigated with 12N-1.8P-13.4K fertilizer at 100 ppm N supplemented with 15 ppm MgSO4 in reach-in growth chambers at 22 °C. Light intensities of 175 and 575 µmol·m−2·s−1 at a 16-h photoperiod were provided with broad-spectrum white LEDs. At harvest, growth and nutritional quality were quantified, and representative photographs were taken of each treatment to assess plant color. Photographs were then used in a survey of a representative population of the state of Tennessee made up of 821 participants. Consumers perceived higher nutritional content in the green ‘Daikon’ radish and ‘Toscano’ kale yet dark purple ‘Red Rambo’ radish and ‘KX-1’ kale, achieved with high intensity lighting, ranked higher for overall liking. These results were used in conjunction with appearance and nutritional quality data to assess consumer accuracy in identifying nutritional quality. Thus, the impact of light intensity on radish and kale microgreen appearance and nutritional quality can be linked to consumer perceptions to create effective production and marketing strategies for producers.
Speakers
JF

Jacob Friedrich

University of Tennessee Knoxville
Co-authors
AL

Alicia L Rihn

University of Tennessee
JP

Julia Pope

University of Tennessee Knoxville
NA
KW

Kellie Walters

University of Tennessee Knoxville
NA
NB

Natalie Bumgarner

University of Tennessee
SA

Sarah Armstrong

University of Tennessee Knoxville
NA
SG

Spencer Givens

University of Tennessee Knoxville
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 6

2:30pm CDT

FLOR 3 - Investigating applications of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) frass in ornamental horticultural production
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Frass is the left-over substrate produced from mass rearing insects as food and feed. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae frass has become a popular option for vegetable production as a potential fertilizer and peat replacement. Controlled environment propagation of ornamental crops requires large amounts of peat, therefore researching alternative substrates has a rising interest for growers. Pansies (Viola x wittrockiana), Marigold ‘Inca II’(Tagetes erecta), and Marigold ‘Safari’(Tagetes patula) were grown in growth chambers to evaluate the incorporation of frass into peat based substrates for ornamental production: 3 treatments from previous studies (BSF 10, 20, and 30%), 1 treatment included to assess the impact of leaching on frass (BSF 40-), and a 100% peat control (CP 100%). Pansies grown in the BSF treatments of were statistically comparable to the control in all parameters except, root weight. Pansy root weight was significantly higher in the treated BSF 40- treatment. BSF 40% produced the lowest values in all crops and parameters, except for Marigold ‘Inca’ root weight, where only BSF 40- was significantly higher. BSF 40- was significantly greater or equal to the control in all crops and parameters, except for Marigold ‘Safari’ plant size and root weight. Chlorophyll concentrations were statistically comparable across all treatment and control in all crops. Past research and this study generally indicate that at large concentrations, like 40%, frass can have negative outcomes for crop production in peat based substrates. However, due to the success of our leached treatment, BSF 40-, it seems frass can be utilized at larger concentrations, but additional alterations may be required before mixing into growing medias and substrates. Additionally, certain crops appear to have more neutral and positive reactions to frass incorporation. Engaging efforts to target ideal crops will improve the application and practicality of this research.
Speakers
MC

Maria Chavez

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
JB

Jennifer Bousselot

Colorado State University
JC

Joshua Craver

Colorado State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:30pm CDT

GG 2 - Analysis of Genomic Variation through Whole-Genome Sequencing in Korean Peach Genetic Resources
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a member of the genus Prunus within the Rosaceae family and represents one of the most extensively cultivated temperate deciduous fruit crops, ranking after apples and pears in global production. Due to its diploid genome (2n = 16) and relatively small genome size (~230 Mb), peach serves as a model species for fruit tree genome research. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 445 peach genetic resources using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform at a sequencing depth of 15´ coverage. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from the WGS data and used to establish a core collection of peach genetic resources. Additionally, these SNPs will be utilized in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate key agronomic traits, including fruit shape, pollen fertility, flower morphology, maturity timing and so on. SNP filtration was conducted based on the following criteria: (1) SNPs with a missing rate exceeding 30% were removed, and (2) SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) below 0.05 were excluded. As a result, 944,670 high-confidence SNPs were identified across the peach genetic resources. Based on this dataset, we established a core collection consisting of 150 accessions that retained over 99% of the total genetic diversity observed within the 445 peach genetic resources. Furthermore, we developed a high-resolution melting (HRM) marker derived from WGS-identified SNPs, which enables differentiation between round and flat peach fruit shapes. The SNP regions that can distinguish the fruit shape (round and flat shape) identified in this study were confirmed to be the same regions as the results of previously reported papers. Collectively, we successfully constructed a peach core collection through WGS analysis and developed a HRM marker for fruit shape classification. Also, our results produced in this study should be valuable for peach breeding program, identifying of agriculturally important genes, GWAS analyses, and further genomic studies in peach.
Speakers
NJ

Namhee Jeong

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Foster 2

2:30pm CDT

PH 3 - Strawberries - A Plea for Common Sense for Research on Edible Coatings
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
A large and expanding literature about the application of skin coatings to fruits and vegetables has developed. Interest in coatings is being driven in part by concerns about the use of plastic films for packaging. While several major crops are routinely treated with coatings, many research studies do not consider the commercial logistics of applying coatings to the product. The prime example of this issue is strawberry fruit, which are usually field packed into clam shell containers, cooled, and in some cases stored in pallet shrouds that are injected with high carbon dioxide, before being sent to market. Despite claims that strawberry storage is problematic because of its short storage life, the market size continues to grow steadily, e.g., internationally from $15.3 billion in 2023 to $15.88 billion in 2024, success being based on cultivar selection and standard technologies. Despite this, numerous reviews on postharvest handling of strawberries cite technologies and treatments as if they are applied commercially. A Web of Science search with the words ‘strawberry’ and ‘skin coatings’ reveals 760 publications, mostly in the last 25 years. The reality is that almost without exception, no commercial application is viable because they do not fit well with harvest and handling processes that are focused on getting fruit market expeditiously. Breeding programs are critically important strategies to improve strawberry fruit storability. Where postharvest technologies or treatments may have a place for further development it most likely through modified atmosphere packaging either passive or active. The best coating for strawberries is chocolate.
Speakers
CW

Chris Watkins

Cornell University
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 3
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source Hatch multistate NE2336

2:30pm CDT

VSF 3 - Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) yield fluctuations follow a multi-modal Gaussian model
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) are highly perishable and require intensive labor inputs for harvesting. Therefore, yield forecasting is critical for improving labor management and marketing decision-making in strawberry production. In Florida, United States, strawberry yields during winter months have a unique distribution pattern characterized by multiple waves. We hypothesized that individual yield waves can be described using Gaussian distribution, a model that represents a symmetrical bell-shaped curve. Two short-day cultivars (‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Florida Brilliance’) and one day-neutral cultivar (‘Florida Beauty’) were grown in west-central Florida. Harvesting was performed 30 times, generally twice a week from November through February. Yield data were converted to weekly values prior to model fitting. The first two yield waves were described by a bimodal Gaussian distribution model, which was then converted into two unimodal Gaussian distribution models. The goodness of fit was very high (R2 = 0.934–0.959) for both yield waves in all tested cultivars. Different yield distribution patterns of the tested cultivars were characterized quantitatively by estimating not only the yield but also the timing and duration of each yield wave. Our modeling approach provides insights into understanding cultivar-dependent fruiting phenology, yielding capacity, and fruit earliness. Such information can help optimize yield distribution through breeding and reduce yield gaps by using different cultivars or staggered planting dates. The model developed here only applies to the first two waves of fruit production. Future research will aim to model the following yield waves to fully characterize the strawberry yield distribution.
Speakers
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Co-authors
DP

Dante Pinochet

Austral University of Chile
I am Profesoor in Soil Science working in horticultural crops nutrition
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 3

2:30pm CDT

Specialty Crops Collaboration Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 3:30pm CDT
A forum for discussion of potential collaborations with regards to specialty crops – i.e. hemp, herbs, medicinal plants, and tropicals, breeding, production, etc.
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:30pm - 3:30pm CDT
Collaboration Center, Empire AB

2:45pm CDT

CE 6 - Quantifying the Effects of Daily Light Integral on Growth of Spring Radish Grown in Hydroponic Systems
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
While recommendations for optimal daily light integral (DLI) exist for numerous food crops grown in controlled environments, this is not the case for spring radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus. This experiment set out to quantify the effect of DLI on growth of spring radishes cultivated in ebb-and-flood hydroponic systems. Seeds of two spring radish cultivars, ‘Red Castle’ and ‘Crunchy King’, were sown into separate 72-cell commercial plug trays filled with a soilless peat-based substrate and placed into one of five ebb-and-flood irrigation systems in a climate controlled greenhouse. To create the DLI treatments, frames were constructed over each flood table and commercial shade cloth was installed to create five differing levels of DLI; ‘very low’ (≤ 2.0 mol·m–2·d–1), ‘low’ (2.0–5.9 mol·m–2·d–1) ‘medium’ (6.0–9.9 mol·m–2·d–1), ‘high’ (10.0–14.9 mol·m–2·d–1) and ‘very high’ (≥ 15.0 mol·m–2·d–1). One frame was left uncovered to create the ‘very high’ treatment. Supplemental light was provided by high pressure sodium lamps with a target intensity of 150 µmol·m2·s1 and were operated to provide a 16-h photoperiod throughout the study. Samples were subirrigated once daily for the first 14-d of the experiment, with an additional irrigation added during the final 14-d. A complete, balanced, water-soluble fertilizer providing 200 ppm nitrogen was supplied at every irrigation. 28-d after seeding, samples were harvested and data collected. Radishes on the edges of the trays were discarded and a block of 10 samples was selected to ensure uniformity. The diameter of the hypocotyl in addition to fresh and dry mass were recorded. Data was additionally taken on shoots, including the number of mature leaves, length of the longest leaf, and fresh and dry mass of excised tissues. Finally, relative chlorophyll concentration was measured using a soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) meter. Results indicate that hypocotyl diameter of spring radish is maximized at 15.2 mol·m–2·d–1 with fresh and dry mass positively correlating strongly with diameter. Additionally, the number of mature leaves increased by up to 2 leaves up to 10.0 mol·m–2·d–1 but not beyond, while leaf length and SPAD decrease beyond DLIs of 14 mol·m–2·d–1. Shoot fresh and dry mass were greatest at DLIs of 14.0-17.0 mol·m–2·d–1. This study provides valuable information for producers interested in incorporating spring radish in their operation, and to those looking to maximize yield and overall plant quality.
Speakers
CC

Christopher Currey

Iowa State University
Co-authors
PS

Peter S. Konjoian

Konjoian's Horticulture Education Services
NA
RN

Ryan Niepagen

Iowa State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

2:45pm CDT

FLOR 3 - Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria to Enhance Plant Growth with the Ferrous Sulfate Bridge Method of Reducing Ph
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth. In fertilizers used for soilless substrates, P is in the form of phosphate and is readily leached from containers leading to environmental contamination. The FeSO4 bridge method has been proposed to reduce P losses by forming insoluble iron-phosphate complexes that retain P within the substrate, but reduced bioavailability may limit plant growth. The aim of this research was to evaluate the FeSO4 bridge method in combination with inoculation of the substrate with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and siderophore-producing bacteria (SPB) to gradually release P for plant uptake. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth of marigolds ‘Durango Yellow’ (Tagetes patula) using a substrate composed of 80% peat and 20% perlite by volume, with substrate either amended or not amended with 3.0 kg·m-3 FeSO4·7H2O. After transplanting, plants received 100 mg·L-1 N from 15N-2.2P-12.5K-2.9Ca-1.2Mg Jack’s Professional water-soluble fertilizer as the P source for two weeks to promote the formation of iron-phosphate complexes. Additionally, two bacterial application strategies were evaluated: one starting from transplanting and another applied when P deficiency symptoms appear, with three weekly inoculations each. The bacterial treatments included: a control without bacterial inoculation; three PSB strains, Bacillus megaterium (C3F10), Pantoea rwandensis (C3A8), and Pseudomonas sp. (C6E7); one SPB strain Pseudomonas soli (C10A8); and a commercial inoculum of Bacillus velezensis (from the biostimulant LalRise Vita, Lallemand, Inc). Plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions, with weekly measurements of spectral variables and morphological parameters using the TraitFinder digital phenotyping system. Leachate was collected using the pour-through method and analyzed for P concentrations using ion chromatography. The results confirmed that the FeSO4 bridge method formed iron-phosphate complexes, reducing P leaching when amending the substrate with 3.0 kg·m-3 FeSO4·7H2O compared to non-amended substrate. Visual differences in plant growth were observed among treatments, with better outcomes when bacterial inoculation started at transplanting. In contrast, plants that received bacterial treatment after symptoms appeared could not recover, showing significantly reduced visual quality. Among the bacterial treatments, Pseudomonas soli (C10A8) promoted the highest biomass accumulation and spectral variables such as hue and green leaf index (GLI) indicated improved visual quality compared to the control (no bacteria) and other bacterial strains. These findings demonstrated that amending soilless substrates with FeSO4, combined with bacteria like Pseudomonas soli (C10A8), enhances P retention while promoting plant growth. This method offers growers a practical approach to reducing environmental impact while maintaining crop quality.
Speakers
AE

Alexandra Espinoza

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
JA

James Altland

USDA-ARS
NA
MJ

Michelle Jones

The Ohio State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:45pm CDT

GG 2 - Population Structure Analysis in Peach and Development of KASP Markers using SNPs generated by Capture-Seq technology
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Although peach production worldwide has been increasing for decades, peach production in the United States continues to decline in the face of changing climate, disease pressures, and reduced consumption. Novel and diverse germplasm is required to improve peach breeding efforts with the goal of developing new cultivars better adapted to these challenges. Unfortunately, current peach SNP genotyping platforms are expensive and need to be outsourced to specialized laboratories. The purpose of this project is to use SNPs generated using Capture-Seq technology to evaluate the diversity of potential new sources of breeding material in comparison with germplasm from different regions of the world. In addition, our goal is to create a panel of SNP-based markers that can be used in-house for future studies. Capture-Seq technology yielded 134,424 SNPs when comparing P. persica (221 genotypes) and related Prunus species (29 genotypes). A PCA from these SNPs yielded different clusters representing Asian, Australian, European, and North American germplasm. AMOVA indicated that, among P. persica samples, 21.3% of the genetic variation was between regions with 78.7% of the variation present within regions. STRUCTURE analysis showed differences between regional groups, where the Asian group composition was different to the other regions, North American and European group composition were similar to each other, and the Australian group composition had a large percentage of genotypes sharing a group mostly present in Asia. This study confirms that Australia’s peach populations could be a valuable source of novel germplasm to bolster worldwide peach breeding efforts. Furthermore, a panel of informative SNP markers can be converted into KASP markers, which can be used in-house for numerous applications, including genetic fingerprinting, MAS, GWAS, among others.
Speakers
CM

Caitlin McCann

University of Georgia
Co-authors
BT

Bruce Topp

University of Queensland
NA
DC

Dario Chavez

University of Georgia
NA
DR

Dougal Russel

Queensland Government
NA
JC

Jose Chaparro

University of Florida
NA
RI

Rachel Itle

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Foster 2

2:45pm CDT

VSF 3 - Fruit Ripening and Cell Wall Composition in Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) Cultivars With Contrasting Firmness
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Fruit firmness is a critical quality trait that influences both postharvest life and potential commercialization of fruits. In cranberry, fruit firmness is highly correlated with the efficiency of producing higher valuable products such as sweetened and dried cranberries (SDC). As in many fruit crops, cranberry firmness declines during ripening, a process often associated with enzymatic solubilization of cell wall polysaccharide. Calcium (Ca) plays a fundamental role in maintaining cell wall integrity by cross-linking with pectins to form calcium pectates, which strengthen the cell wall and limits its disassembly. The objective of this study was to determine changes in cell wall composition through fruit development in two cranberry cultivars with contrasting fruit firmness. Fruit samples were collected every two weeks from 14 to 91 days after full bloom (DAFB) from cranberry ‘Stevens’ and ‘BG’. External fruit quality traits–such as anthocyanin accumulation, fruit size, and weight– were measured alongside internal fruit quality parameters, including internal structure, cell wall composition, and calcium content. Before fruit color developed, both cultivars were similar in size and firmness; however, ‘Stevens’ had higher fruit elasticity compared to ‘BG’. This difference was attributed to lower pectin solubility in the cell walls of ‘Stevens’. As ripening progressed, notable differences in firmness emerged between the two cultivars, particularly between 84 and 91 DAFB. This divergence was associated with increased solubilization of pectins and hemicellulose. Additionally, solubilization of tightly bound hemicellulose was negatively correlated with Ca content in the fruit cell wall. Differences in cell wall-associated Ca content between cultivars were observed throughout fruit development and may explain the variation in firmness at harvest and after 30 days of storage. These findings suggest that cell wall-bound Ca is an important factor influencing fruit firmness and could serve as a valuable selection parameter in breeding programs. Moreover, understanding these differences may aid cranberry growers in in making informed cultivar selection decisions for their plantings.
Speakers
PR

Pedro Rojas-Barros

Washington State University
Co-authors
AA

Amaya Atucha

University of Wisconsin Madison
BA

Beth Ann Workmaster

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
JZ

Juan Zalapa

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 3

2:59pm CDT

PBIG 3 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:59pm - 3:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
HG

Heather Gladfelter

University of Georgia
Thursday July 31, 2025 2:59pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:00pm CDT

CE 6 - Quantifying the Effect of Air Temperature on Growth and Development of Spring Radish Grown Hydroponically
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Temperature moderates various plant physiological processes, in turn affecting the overall rate of development, and is utilized in controlled environment food crop production to influence product yield, quality, and to manage crop scheduling. Root crops, including spring radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus), currently represent a niche segment within commercial controlled environment food production. The lack of reliable cultural information has been noted as a reason producers may be hesitant to introduce new crops to their operations. To expand commercial adoption, this study aims to quantify the effect of air temperature on spring radish development, specifically determining minimum temperature (Tmin), optimum temperature (Topt), maximum temperature (Tmax), and linear temperature range. Two cultivars of spring radish, ‘Crunchy King’ and ‘Red Castle’, were grown in separate climate-controlled environmental growth chambers providing continuous target air temperatures of 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C, a range of 25 degrees. Samples were grown in commercial 72-cell plug trays filled with peat-based substrate and fertigated with custom ebb-and-flood systems providing 200 ppm nitrogen at every irrigation. A 16-h photoperiod was provided, with a target light intensity of 200 µmol·m2·s1. Samples were harvested 28-d after seeding and data collected, including diameter of the hypocotyl, number of mature leaves, and length of the longest leaf. A measure of relative chlorophyll concentration was recorded, and finally, fresh and dry mass of the hypocotyls and shoot tissue was measured. Results indicate that hypocotyl diameter increases linearly from Tmin at 3 °C, reaching a maximum at Topt of 23 °C. Beyond this point, diameter is reduced, with Tmax occurring at 35 °C. Hypocotyl fresh and dry mass followed similar patterns, correlating strongly with diameter. Leaf number was observed to be maximized at 18 °C, with no significant increase beyond this temperature. Leaf length was maximized at 23 °C and decreased with increasing temperature. Average daily temperature was observed to have no significant effect on relative chlorophyll concentration. Notably, we found that there was no significant difference between the two cultivars in their response to air temperature. The results of this study offer important guidance to producers interested in introducing spring radish into their operation, while maximizing crop quality and yield.
Speakers
CC

Christopher Currey

Iowa State University
Co-authors
PS

Peter S. Konjoian

Konjoian's Horticulture Education Services
NA
RN

Ryan Niepagen

Iowa State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 12B

3:00pm CDT

GG 2 - Unlocking the Citrus Code: 'Hamlin' Genome Sequencing for Breeding Program Advancement in Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
‘Hamlin 1-4-1’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is one of the major varieties cultivated in Florida and is of relevant importance for the orange juice industry as an early maturing variety. While this cultivar does not produce juice of sufficient quality to meet USDA Grade A orange juice standards, it performs relatively well in semitropical climates characterized by high temperatures and humidity levels. To provide the bioinformatics tools required to support the genetic improvement of modern citrus varieties, we present the de novo and fully phased ‘Hamlin’ genome. The DNA of the plant was sequenced using two different platforms. PacBio technology was adopted to generate long reads sequencing, while Oxford Nanopore was employed to produce ultra-long reads. Hi-C technique was used to capture chromosome conformation and facilitate the correct assembly of contigs into two haplotypes. RNA samples were collected from five different tissues (leaves, petals, ovaries, peel, and bark) and sequenced with the Illumina platform. These RNA sequences enabled the identification and annotation of as many functional genes as possible. The results of this study will provide the genomic information required to compare the ‘Hamlin 1-4-1 genome with the more commonly grown industry standard ‘Valencia’ and to investigate the differences between the genomes of these two clonally derived sweet oranges. These data will also aid in comparing budlines of Hamlin and other sweet orange accessions that appear to be HLB tolerant. This research will facilitate the detection of DNA variants related to traits of interest and their integration in new germplasm resources. In addition, it will allow breeders to get further insights into mutations that may have occurred to new budlines originating from ‘Hamlin’.
Speakers
GL

Giuseppe Lana

University of Florida
Co-authors
FJ

Frederick Jr. Gmitter

University of Florida
NA
JC

John Chater

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Foster 2

3:00pm CDT

PBIG 3 - Effect of Cold Treatments on the Germination of Somatic Embryos of Cornus florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) is a valuable tree native to eastern North America and prized for its floral bracts and colorful foliage. However, the tree is highly susceptible to powdery mildew (PM), a common fungal disease that challenges ornamental plant production. There are bioengineering approaches to developing PM resistance that involve the introduction of genes into C. florida cells and the regeneration of plants through somatic embryogenesis (SE). SE is a process by which somatic cells have the capacity to produce embryos without sexual reproduction. In C. florida, the regeneration of transgenic somatic embryos into plants has been problematic. Our work aims to determine the impact of cold treatments on the germination of somatic embryos. We propose that short-term low-temperature treatments will improve embryo germination, considering past research has demonstrated the importance of periodic low temperatures on natural seed germination in woody plant species such as fruit trees. We cultured a transgenic line of C. florida embryogenic callus expressing a visual marker (ß-glucuronidase) and enriched for globular stage embryos. We then introduced these globular embryos into liquid suspension media allowing the embryos to proliferate pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) needed for mass embryo production. We chose somatic embryos morphologically identical to zygotic embryos of the same stage of development for testing plant regeneration following exposure to four different temperature conditions over four different time periods. The four different temperatures included: (1) 3°C; (2) 4°C; (3) 7°C; and (4) 23°C as the control temperature. The four different time exposures to the different cold periods included 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Following cold exposure for a designated time, we transferred the somatic embryos to germination media, exposing the embryos to fluorescent light at room temperature ( /-) 23°C. Successful germination of the somatic embryos was indicated by taproot elongation with the production of roots, greening of the cotyledons, emergence of the apical shoot, followed by expansion of epicotyl and primary leaves. This research will yield the first transgenic C. florida plants and enable the introduction of PM resistance using bioengineering methods.
Speakers
HG

Heather Gladfelter

University of Georgia
Co-authors
DW

Dayton Wilde

University of Georgia
NA
OD

Oscar de la Torre

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:00pm CDT

VSF 3 - Assessing Olive Cultivation Potential in the Subtropical United States: Insights from Florida Trials
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Olive cultivation in Florida has expanded ten-fold over the last decade, with more than 60 growers managing 800 acres across 26 counties. Despite this rapid growth and rising global demand for olive oil, research on cultivar performance and best management practices in Florida remains limited. In summer 2023, data collection began at three research sites: Jay (northwest Florida), Wauchula (southwest Florida), and Fort Pierce (southeast Florida); to evaluate the adaptability and productivity of select olive cultivars under diverse climatic and soil conditions. Due to differences in grove management and tree maturity, cultivar selection varied by site, with ‘Arbequina’ consistently included in all trials. Additional cultivars included ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Sikitita’ in Wauchula, and ‘Lecciana’ and ‘Sikitita’ in Fort Pierce. Soil nutrients, leaf nutrients, temperature, moisture, and phenological development were monitored biannually. While no nutrient deficiencies were observed, a significant result emerged: ‘Arbequina’ demonstrated superior adaptability across all three sites, showing higher survival rates and more uniform vegetative growth compared to other cultivars. However, flowering and fruit production patterns remain inconsistent, likely due to climatic variability and limited chilling hours. These findings suggest that ‘Arbequina’ may be viable for Florida conditions, but further data are needed to fully assess yield potential and long-term economic feasibility.
Speakers
avatar for Lorenzo Rossi

Lorenzo Rossi

Assistant Professor, Texas A&M University
Dr. Rossi’s research program focuses on understanding the responses of horticultural crops to environmental stresses, with the goal of developing environmentally sound and effective management strategies. He is a horticulturist with expertise in plant stress physiology, plant biology... Read More →
Co-authors
AB

Audrey Beany

UF/IFAS/IRREC
DK

Davie Kadyampakeni

University of Florida
NA
JF

John-Paul Fox

University of Florida
MG

Michael Garcia

Florida Olive Council, LAA
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Foster 1

3:00pm CDT

Plasticulture Interest Group Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 4:00pm CDT
Open to all


Thursday July 31, 2025 3:00pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 3

3:15pm CDT

CE 6 - Influence of Air Temperature and Cultivar on Lettuce Yield, Morphology, and Production Considerations in Greenhouses
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an economically important leafy green widely cultivated in greenhouses, yet the interaction between cultivar and air temperature remains poorly characterized for many of the cultivars currently marketed for controlled environment (CEA) production. Even in climate-controlled greenhouses, internal air temperatures can exceed general recommendations, leading to bolting, excessive stem elongation, bitter flavors, and reduced yields. This study aimed to generate benchmark yield and morphological data for 20 lettuce cultivars grown hydroponically in a greenhouse during a fall (20 °C mean air temperature) and summer (28 °C mean air temperature) production cycle, with harvests at 9 (juvenile stage) and 21 (mature stage) days after transplanting (DAT). Lettuce cultivars were grown in a common nutrient film technique (NFT) system with average pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of 5.6 and 1.5 dS·m−1, greenhouse day and night air temperature setpoints of 21 °C and 18 °C, and a target average daily light integral (DLI) of 17 mol·m−2·d−1. The experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design with two blocks. Depending on the cultivar, air temperature, and harvest time, lettuce shoot fresh mass (SFM) and projected canopy area (PCA) were significantly different. However, regardless of the cultivar or harvest time, yield (kg·m−2·year−1) was always greater at 20 °C than 28 °C. Supraoptimal air temperatures increased stem and leaf elongation, potentially improving light interception and SFM per plant early in production, but required more area per plant to grow without significantly overlapping with neighboring plants, thus reducing planting density and yield potential. Supraoptimal air temperatures decreased specific leaf area (SLA), resulting in thicker leaf lamina. Chlorophyll concentration was more affected by cultivar than harvest date or air temperature. Benchmarking greenhouse lettuce yield and morphology across cultivars and seasons offers growers a valuable tool to reliably assess productivity, select appropriate cultivars, and adjust planting density. These insights also inform breeding efforts to improve the yield from CEA systems, with particular attention to plant architecture and leaf traits suitable for automated harvesting and packaging in greenhouse systems.
Speakers
ES

Eric Stallknecht

Virginia Tech
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 6

3:15pm CDT

GG 2 - Investigating patterns of aneuploidy in potatoes using the R Package Qploidy.
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Aneuploidy refers to a condition in which a cell or organism that has an abnormal chromosome number compared to the base chromosome number. This can cause gene dosage imbalances and a potential decrease in fitness. Most potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars are tetraploid (2n=4x=48) with a base chromosome number of 12. In this study, we analyzed 1,014 potato genotypes, 422 from two autotetraploid bi-parental full-sib populations and 592 from a diversity panel. We used allele SNP fluorescent intensity data for each individual to determine their ploidy and identify aneuploid individuals using the R package Qploidy. This package estimates the copy number by evaluating the standardized B allele frequencies (BAF) distributions across a sample, chromosome, or chromosome arm. Within the mapping populations, 41% of the members were aneuploids, compared to only 17% of the in the diversity panel; with an average of 27% aneuploidy level across all individuals included in the study. However, the frequency of aneuploidy for any given chromosome was 3%. As a measure of fitness, we compared 19 phenotypic traits related to tuber yield and quality in one of the full-sib mapping populations. There were significant differences between aneuploid and euploid family members for six traits. Aneuploid genotypes had significantly lower total tuber weight/plant, marketable tuber weight/plant, non-marketable tuber number/plant, tuber density, and overall appearance, while having higher percentage of tubers with heat sprouts compared to euploid family members. Chromosome additions were more common than chromosome losses in aneuploid individuals accounting for 57% and 39% of the aneuploid chromosomes, respectively. By analyzing this large potato genotypic dataset (most autotetraploids), we gained a better understanding of patterns of aneuploidy and their impact on crop performance in polyploid crops.
Speakers Co-authors
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Foster 2

3:15pm CDT

PBIG 3 - Rapid Race Differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) in Watermelon Using a Single PCR-Based Assay
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), remains a major threat to watermelon production worldwide. Effective management depends on accurate race identification, as resistance in commercial cultivars is race-specific. However, current bioassay-based race differentiation is unreliable due to genetic variability within isolates. While molecular identification exists for FON Races 1 and 2, confirming Race 3 has required multiple PCR reactions, making diagnostics cumbersome and inefficient. This study developed and optimized a multiplex PCR assay that simultaneously differentiates FON Races 1, 2, and 3 in a single reaction, significantly improving diagnostic speed and accuracy. FON isolates and related Fusarium species from Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina were tested to assess the assay’s sensitivity (0.5 ng/µL detection limit) and specificity. Results confirmed that the multiplex PCR effectively distinguishes FON from non-pathogenic Fusarium species while accurately identifying all three pathogenic races. This is the first successful multiplex PCR assay for FON race differentiation, providing a rapid, reliable tool for plant pathologists and diagnosticians to track the spread of virulent FON races. Given the increasing prevalence of Race 3, which lacks effective fungicidal control, this tool will support early intervention strategies to mitigate outbreaks and inform resistance breeding programs. Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), multiplex PCR, race differentiation, watermelon wilt.
Speakers
AP

Abdul-lateef Popoola

Alcorn state university, Lorman, MS
Co-authors
AE

Ali Emran

Alcorn state university
NA
SW

Sumyya Waliullah

Alcorn state university
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:15pm CDT

VSF 3 - Strawberry Cultivar Assessment under Organic Production in a High Tunnel Tabletop System
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Given the challenges associated with soil fertility management and disease, pest, and weed control in organic strawberry production, different growing practices and systems have been evaluated to address site-specific conditions and constraints. This study was aimed at assessing strawberry cultivar yield responses to the soilless substrate-based tabletop system in organically managed high tunnels. The research trial was carried out on certified land at the University of Florida Plant Science Research and Education Unit in Citra, using a split plot design with four replications (each high tunnel serving as a replication). The tabletop strawberry troughs (1 m long) were filled with the soilless substrate consisting of a mixture of pine bark and locally available composts for growing seven strawberry cultivars, including ‘Ember’, ‘Encore’, ‘Florida Beauty’, ‘Florida Brilliance’, ‘Florida Felicity’, ‘Florida Medallion’, and ‘Florida Pearl’, at two spacings, i.e., 6 plants/trough (S6) vs. 8 plants/trough (S8). Spacing was the whole plot factor and strawberry cultivars were included in the subplots, with two troughs as an experimental unit. In addition to preplant incorporation of the granular organic fertilizer into the substrate, liquid organic fertilizer was applied throughout the production season. Bare-root strawberry plants were transplanted into the tabletop troughs inside high tunnels in October 2024 and the first harvest took place in late November. Fruit yield data were analyzed for the harvest period from November 2024 to early May 2025. ‘Encore’ and ‘Florida Felicity’ were top performers in terms of whole-season marketable fruit yield, while ‘Florida Brilliance’ exhibited the lowest yield potential. ‘Encore’ showed the highest average marketable fruit weight, whereas ‘Florida Pearl’ produced the smallest fruit. The whole-season marketable fruit yield and number per plant were significantly higher at S6 vs. S8, while a significant cultivar by spacing interaction was observed for marketable fruit yield and number per trough. On a per trough basis, ‘Florida Felicity’ and ‘Encore’ produced higher yields at S8 vs. S6, whereas other cultivars yielded similarly between the two spacings. ‘Florida Felicity’, ‘Encore’, and ‘Ember’ demonstrated great potential for producing early yields in this high tunnel tabletop system. Moreover, ‘Florida Felicity’ was the top yielding cultivar during the late season (mid-March to early May). Phytophthora crown and root rot and powdery mildew were among the major plant diseases detected in this study, while varying levels of disease susceptibility and plant health were observed among strawberry cultivars.
Speakers
XZ

Xin Zhao

University of Florida
Co-authors
VW

Vance Whitaker

University of Florida
YJ

Yifan Jing

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 3
  • Subject Viticulture and Small Fruits
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Urban, Indoor, and other Emerging Agricultural Production Research, Education and Extension Initiative program, project award no. 2023-70019-39370, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

3:30pm CDT

CE 6 - Comparison of Six Tabletop Hydroponic Systems and Their Performance on Lettuce Growth Characteristics and Yield
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Hydroponics, the cultivation technique involving soilless media, offer a potential solution to alleviate food insecurity. For this study, six tabletop hydroponic systems were evaluated for their suitability for Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivation. The systems included Ahopegarden, IDOO, Fulsren, LetPot, MUFGA, and Rainpoint. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design (CRD), with 6 treatments x 3 replicates. The lettuce seeds were sown in horticultural sponges and suspended in nutrient solutions. Following germination, plant growth parameters were recorded every other day during the experimental period. The electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were monitored weekly for each nutrient solution. The quality and quantity of the lighting systems were measured as correlated color temperature (CCT), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the EC, TDS, DO, and pH did not vary greatly among the systems, except for Letpot that showed significantly lower (p
Speakers
LG

Leonard Githinji

Virginia State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 6
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source This study was partly funded by the USDA-NIFA Grant Project entitled Optimized micro-farms as a potential solution to food insecurity in urban neighborhoods. Project Award # 2021-38821-34587.

3:30pm CDT

PBIG 3 - Dormancy Dynamics and Carbohydrate Storage in Peaches
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Dormancy constitutes a critical regulatory mechanism in perennial plants, conferring resilience to winter stress and impacting subsequent reproductive success. While previous investigations have predominantly focused on vegetative and floral buds during the dormancy-regrowth cycle, often neglecting the potential contributions of other plant compartments, this study adopts a comprehensive, whole-tree perspective. Utilizing four-year-old, root-bagged peach (Prunus persica) trees (cv. 'John Boy') we investigated dormancy progression by analyzing carbohydrate metabolism in different tissues relative to accumulated chilling units (CU) and growing degree hours (GDH). Our results demonstrated that roots maintained the highest starch reserves during endodormancy; however, soluble sugar accumulation in roots appeared largely independent of local starch hydrolysis, indicating potential translocation from distal storage tissues. This hypothesis is supported by the concomitant decline in starch content in branches and stems, which coincided with increased soluble sugar accumulation in these tissues. As dormancy progressed, soluble sugars were progressively redistributed, reaching peak concentrations in roots at the onset of ecodormancy and exhibiting a more uniform distribution across tissues during ecodormancy. A significant increase in floral bud soluble sugars preceding budbreak, without a corresponding starch depletion, suggests an enhanced capacity for carbohydrate uptake. Transcriptomic analysis of root tissues across all dormancy stages identified two key gene modules (ME) exhibiting inverse correlations with carbohydrate levels. Genes within ME3, associated with starch accumulation, were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism pathways—including SBE2, DBE1, FAD8 and KAS1. Notably, the upregulation of FAD8 during ecodormancy suggests increased membrane fluidity, potentially facilitating carbohydrate transport. Conversely, ME10 genes, associated with soluble sugar levels, displayed enrichment in hormone signaling and carbohydrate metabolism pathways—including SUS3, BAM6, and GH9A1. These findings underscore the coordinated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and membrane lipid composition during dormancy transitions and bud break. Furthermore, the data indicate that starch catabolism in branches and stems during chilling accumulation serves as a source of soluble sugars for roots, which in turn may sustain metabolic activity and contribute to dormancy release in buds. Future research employing this whole-tree system is warranted to elucidate the comprehensive roles of roots and other storage organs in the regulation of dormancy.
Speakers
KJ

khalil Jahed

Virginia Tech
Co-authors
SS

Sherif Sherif

Virginia Tech
Dr. Sherif M. Sherif is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech, where he channels his fervent zeal for life sciences and educational outreach into his specialization in tree fruit physiology and molecular biology. His career is defined by a dedication to overcoming the biological... Read More →
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:30pm CDT

VSF 3 - Assessment of Physiology and Fruit Quality in Intraspecific Hybrid Maypop (Passiflora incarnata) Selections
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
This study evaluated physiological and fruit quality traits of 24 intraspecific hybrid maypop (Passiflora incarnata) (Florida × Oklahoma) selections, grown in 3-gallon pots at the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station South Mississippi Branch in Poplarville, Mississippi, in 2023. Summer physiological measurements revealed significant differences in stomatal conductance, ranging from 0.02 to 0.89 mol/m²s (0.29 mol/m²s average), transpiration, ranging from 0.31 to 7.98 mmol/m²s (3.65 mmol/m²s average), vapor pressure deficit, ranging from 0.83 to 2.56 kPa (1.51 kPa average), chlorophyll fluorescence, ranging from 0.38 to 0.67 (0.53 average), and fruit temperature, ranging from 32.00 to 39.33 °C (34.96 °C average) among selections. Significant differences were also observed in fruit size parameters, including height (45.53-64.94 mm; 56.94 mm average), width (33.83-56.32 mm; 49.56 mm average), shape (1.03-1.36 mm/mm; 1.16 mm/mm average), weight (15.41-59.66 g; 36.62 g average), and density (0.89-1.67 g/cm²; 1.25 g/cm² average). Pulp content also significantly differed, with total soluble solids ranging from 13.57 to 18.73 °Brix (15.90 °Brix average), titratable acidity from 14.77 to 23.33 g/L (17.96 g/L average), pH from 3.38 to 3.81 (3.59 average), total phenolic content from 363.72 to 603.88 mg GAE/L (481.33 mg GAE/L average), lightness (L*) from 73.94 to 80.91 (77.76 average), red-green value (a*) from -5.36 to 0.43 (-2.38 average), and yellow-blue value (b*) from 25.94 to 54.20 (39.62 average). Additionally, differential thermal analysis of the roots of these selections as well as their parents, revealed potential cold hardiness differences within P. incarnata, with Oklahoma roots exhibiting greater hardiness (-14.42 °C average) than Florida roots (-8.26 °C average), and hybrids showing intermediate tolerance (-10.53 °C average). Overall, these findings highlight the variability within P. incarnata, offering valuable insights for broader breeding efforts focused on enhancing both fruit quality and physiological traits within Passiflora.
Speakers
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
ES

Eric Stafne

Mississippi State University
NA
JR

Jenny Ryals

Mississippi State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 3
  • Subject Viticulture and Small Fruits
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This material is based upon work that is supported by a National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch project under accession number 7003104. This project was funded through a Specific Cooperative Agreement between Mississippi State University and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, number 58-6062-1-007.

3:30pm CDT

Industry Showcase/Meet & Greet
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 4:30pm CDT
The Partnership Development Committee is hosting an Industry Showcase followed by an Industry Meet & Greet reception. The theme is “What’s New in Industry?” The event is a series of 3-minute talks that give organizations a chance to share their latest news and provide a glimpse of what it is like to work for the organization.

Sign up to reserve a time slot in the Showcase - https://ashs.org/page/industry_showcase

Showcase participants:
Alicain Carlson, Syngenta Flowers
Lee West, Hiphen
Bobby Wei, Metware Bio
John Huber, Apogee Instruments
Kahlin Wacker, East 30 Sensors
Mike Thurow, Spectrum Technologies
Myra Single, Conviron
David Flynn, AmplifiedAg
Speakers
avatar for John Huber

John Huber

Apogee Instruments
At Apogee Instruments, our mission is to help you make better measurements. This means more than just creating and selling research-grade sensors at an excellent price, it involves understanding your needs, supplying solutions, and providing the world-class support you need to succeed... Read More →
AC

Alicain Carlson

Syngenta Flowers
BW

Bobby Wei

MetwareBio
LW

Lee West

Business Development Director, Hiphen
KW

Kahlin Wacker

East 30 Sensors
MT

Mike Thurow

President & CEO, Spectrum Technologies, Inc
DF

David Flynn

AmplifiedAg, Inc.
MS

Myra Single

Conviron
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:30pm - 4:30pm CDT
Hort Theater

3:45pm CDT

PBIG 3 - Establishment of cucumber CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:45pm - 4:00pm CDT
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an economically important crop and is widely cultivated throughout the world. Cucumber plants often suffer from biotic and abiotic stresses during the whole development life cycle, which lead to reduction in yield and quality. Improvement of cucumber for disease, insect, or nematode resistance and other horticultural traits with conventional strategy is limited by long breeding cycle, narrow genetic basis, and severe incompatibility barriers in related species. Emerging plant genome editing techniques provide trait specific breeding for enhancement of plant yield, quality, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. Highly efficient regeneration and transformation system is a prerequisite for cucumber genome editing. We report an efficient Agrobacterium mediated cucumber CRISPR-Cas9 transformation system with the aid of GFP visual selection. Cotyledons from 7 days old in vitro seedlings were harvested, and inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 contains a binary vector with CRISPR-Cas9 gene, GFP visual selection maker and hygromycin resistance genes. Transgenic callus and shoots obtained with GFP visual selection with high efficiency. PCR double check confirmed transgenes in transgenic plants. Transgenic plants are phenotyping in the greenhouse.
Speakers
KK

Kedong Ka

North Carolina State University
Director of plant transformation lab at North Carolina State University
Co-authors
CS

Carole Saravitz

North Carolina State University
NA
HL

Huani Leng

North Carolina State University
NA
SC

Seth Cockman

North Carolina State University
NA
SM

Sydney McLennan

North Carolina State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:45pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:59pm CDT

CITR 3 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AA

Alaiha Asif

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

3:59pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
MW

Margaret Worthington

University of Arkansas
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

3:59pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
JC

Jose Cabezas

Purdue University
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 12A

3:59pm CDT

PLAST - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Jianying Wang

Jianying Wang

Washington State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Foster 2

3:59pm CDT

VCM 5 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AK

Arshdeep Kaur

Clemson University
Thursday July 31, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Foster 1

4:00pm CDT

CITR 3 - What role does cold acclimation play in enhancing the cold hardiness of Valencia oranges?
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Freezing temperatures is a significant threat to new growing fresh market citrus industry in North Florida, causing big damage to young and established groves. Recent freeze event happened December 2022 caused about 95% loss in fruit yield in southeast citrus comprising of North Florida, South Georgia and Southeastern Alabama. Different physiological, biochemical and molecular factors are associated with freezing tolerance in citrus. The present study investigates the effects of various cold acclimation periods on freezing tolerance of Valencia orange grafted onto two commercial rootstocks i.e., US-942 and C-54. The plants were cold acclimatized at 4°C for 4, 8, 16 and 32 hours and shifted to the programmed cold chamber for freezing stress at -6°C The Valencia plants on both rootstocks exhibited enhanced resistance to freezing stress when cold acclimated at 4°Cfor 16- and 32-hour . The antioxidants enzymatic activities [superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), and ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11)], and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes showed higher activity in response to cold acclimation for 16- and 32-hour. Likewise, osmoprotectants accumulation (proline and glycine betaine), and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, and total soluble solids) were also elevated under when cold acclimated for 16- and 32-hour as compared to the control. The freezing susceptibility was higher in control and 4-hour cold acclimated plants. Overall, the acclimation period of 16 hours found to very effective in improving freezing tolerance than all other acclimation periods. Findings of this study provides valuable insights into optimizing acclimation strategies to improve cold hardiness in citrus and potential platform for further research to use at commercial level.
Speakers
AA

Alaiha Asif

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Citrus Crops 3
  • Subject Citrus Crops
  • Funding Source Hatch project FLA-NFC-006212

4:00pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Ploidy Induction of Triploid Interspecific Hybrid Blueberries
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Blueberry is a high value fruit crop and there is an increased demand for its cultivation and consumption all over the world. The blueberries are grown in diverse regions with varied weather, soil, biotic and abiotic stress limiting their yield. Interspecific hybridization plays a significant role in broadening the genetic base of blueberries that subsequently helps in developing improved cultivars adapted to specific regions. The genetic diversity for cultivated rabbiteye (RE) (2n=6x=72) blueberries is very narrow. Introgression from wild and other cultivated species would provide beneficial diversity for RE blueberries. Vaccinium elliottii (2n=2x=24) is an early flowering, tall and highly deciduous wild blueberry with small black fruits. Like RE, it is adapted to a wide range of soil types in the southeastern United States. On the other hand, southern highbush is a cultivated tetraploid (2n=4x=48) with high fruit quality but requires intensive soil amendment. To broaden the genetic base of blueberry breeding, interspecific crosses were made between three southern highbush breeding lines and V. elliottii. The success of these crosses was challenging due to strong triploid block from heteroploid crosses. Out of 422 pollination events only 8 triploid seedlings were produced, and their ploidy level was confirmed by flowcytometric analysis. Three seedlings were confirmed to be triploids (3x) however, it is expected that triploids are sterile. Seedlings of the triploids were established in tissue culture and chromosome doubling of these triploid hybrids was carried out to improve their crossing efficiency with cultivated blueberries. The shoots produced through tissue culture were treated with 0.02% colchicine for 48 hours and transferred to woody plant medium (WPM). Synthetic hexaploid hybrids produced from this study will be cross compatible with RE blueberries. These synthetic hexaploid hybrids will bridge the ploidy gap among diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid blueberry species.
Speakers
SN

Sindoora Nalajala

University of Georgia
Co-authors
PO

Peggy Ozias-Akins

University of Georgia
NA
YC

Ye Chu

University of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Fruit Breeding 2

4:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Yield and Quality Characteristics Evaluated for Five Vegetable Species Grown Under Organic Management
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Direct to consumer markets, including farmers market, composed about 12% of the total organic sales ($22 billion) in 2021. Market growers are looking for cultivars that will help them optimize the performance of their organic production system. The aim of this study was to evaluate commercially available hybrid, open-pollinated, and new breeding lines in terms of yield and quality for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), bell and roasting peppers (Capsicum annuum), and winter squash (Cucurbita pepo) grown on certified organic land in Fort Collins, CO. The experimental lines were a product of breeding efforts through northern climate universities affiliated with the Northern Organic Vegetable Improvement Collaborative (NOVIC). All five vegetable species were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates during the 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons. Cabbage (19), sweet corn (19), winter squash (21), bell pepper (15), and sweet roasting pepper (14) cultivars were grown under field conditions. Tomato (12) cultivars were grown under an insect netting-covered high tunnel for hail protection. The ‘Lennox’ cabbage cultivar at 38,483 pounds/acre yielded significantly more than ‘Cantasa’ at 16,146 pounds/acre. The tomato cultivar, ‘Mountain Merit’, and the breeding line ‘S200-1-1’, at 47,280 and 44,880 pounds/acre, respectively yielded more than ‘Plum Perfect’ at 20,520 pounds/acre. Further, a sensory evaluation for overall flavor was carried out on a consumer sensory panel (66 participants) at the Larimer County farmers market in 2017, using a 5-point Hedonic scale for tomatoes and a 9-point Hedonic scale for bell peppers. The tomato entry ‘Mountain Merit’ at 3.8 had a significantly better flavor score compared to ‘Stellar’ at 2.9. In bell peppers, ‘Aristotle’ had a significantly higher flavor score than breeding line ‘CU
Speakers
TM

Tyler Mason

Oklahoma State University
Co-authors
MU

Mark Uchanski

Colorado State University
NA
NY

Natalie Yoder

Colorado State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 2
  • Funding Source USDA: National Institute of Food and Agriculture

4:00pm CDT

PLAST - Evaluation of Mulch Types on Yield and Quality of Tomato and Lettuce
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
High tunnels (HT) are utilized by vegetable growers to extend the growing season and improve the yield and quality of crops. However, concerns about the sustainability of HT soil health can have direct effects on yield and profitability. Recently, growers and researchers have expressed concerns related to soil moisture in high tunnels and potential negative consequences to soil health. The use of non-permeable polyethylene tarps has become popular for urban and small-scale vegetable farmers to manage weeds through occultation. Similar tarps could also be used as mulch, but little is known about how this will affect crop productivity compared to other mulch types. The goal of this study was to examine silage tarps and other mulch types in HTs and the open field to determine how this practice may affect yield and quality of tomato and lettuce. Tomato and lettuce trials were conducted from 2022 to 2024 in HTs and open-field plots to determine the effect of various mulch treatments (bareground, black plastic film, black woven fabric, paper mulch, white silage tarp and black silage tarp) on tomato and lettuce yield and quality. For tomato, harvesting occurred weekly to monitor total, marketable, and non-marketable yield. Texture and organoleptic quality were assessed from 3 harvests across the two years. In 2023, lettuce were harvested and yield data were collected. Leaf color and water content were also assessed. In the HT tomato trials, mulch had the greatest effects on yield during the early season and the application of white silage tarp and plastic film mulch increased early marketable fruit yield by 58% compared to the bareground treatment. Mulch type had no significant effect on tomato or lettuce on the postharvest qualities that were assessed. Our data indicate that silage tarps may be an effective mulch, particularly for HT growers that are looking to conserve soil moisture and ultimately improve soil health. Yield and quality of tomato and lettuce were not penalized when tarps were utilized, and in some cases, yield was improved. As growers continue to adopt practices that help sustain or improve soil health, it is likely that silage tarps and other mulch types can be effective at maintaining crop productivity
Speakers
CB

Claire Barnhart

Kansas State University
Co-authors
CR

Cary Rivard

Kansas State University
EP

Eleni Pliakoni

Kansas State University
PT

Peter Tomlinson

Kansas State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plasticulture
  • Subject Plasticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source K-State Research and Extension Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Alternative Crops 2023 and Kansas State University GRIP Project

4:00pm CDT

VCM 5 - Biofortification In Leafy Greens: Can Iron Be Biofortified Through Tank Mixing With Common Pesticides Without Compromising Their Efficacy?
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Iron deficiency is a major global health issue that has affected approximately 29% of the adult population of US. Plants being the ultimate source of iron in humans (either directly through staple crops and vegetables or indirectly via animal fodder), do not suffice in meeting the average daily requirement of iron. Therefore, there is a need to increase the iron concentration of edible parts of plants, known as biofortification. So far, the most economic and convenient approach to alleviate iron deficiency is agronomic biofortification. However, applying iron fertilizers puts an additional management burden on growers, to manage an already intensive production system. One potential solution to this could be tank mixing with common pesticides. Combining iron fertilizers with already recommended pesticides in vegetable crops can save the farmers from the extra effort. However, knowledge on interactions (synergistic, antagonistic, or neutral) of iron fertilizers with pesticides in a tank mix is lacking. In 2024 we conducted a field experiment to study the effect of tank mixing of different iron fertilizers (FESO4, Fe-EDTA
Speakers
AK

Arshdeep Kaur

Clemson University
Co-authors
BJ

Bhupinder Jatana

Clemson University
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Foster 1

4:00pm CDT

Teaching Methods (TCMG) Interest Group Business Meeting
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 5:00pm CDT
Open to all attendees.


Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 3

4:00pm CDT

Workshop: Grafting and Budding of Perennial Tree Fruits, Nuts, and Vines
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 6:00pm CDT
This interactive workshop will introduce attendees to the history, science, and industry opportunities related to grafting perennial tree fruits, nuts, and vines. It will be accompanied by a hands-on demonstration and time for attendees to practice with real-time feedback. A liability waiver will be required for participants who wish to handle grafting knives.

Speakers:
  • Dr. Rachel Spaeth, post doc Research Horticulturist currently serving as the Interim Curator of Prunus, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, UC Davis, CA
  • Dr. John Preece, Supervisory Research Leader of the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository Davis, CA 
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:00pm - 6:00pm CDT
Strand 10

4:14pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Oral Session
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:14pm - 4:15pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
JE

John Ertle

Plant Physiologist, PP Systems
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:14pm - 4:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

4:15pm CDT

CITR 3 - Comparative Analysis of Drought Tolerance in Sour Orange and Trifoliate Orange Rootstocks
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Citrus, a globally significant fruit crop, is rich in nutrients and vitamins but is adversely affected by environmental stresses, particularly drought. Drought stress hinders plant growth and reduces crop yields. This study focused on sour orange (SO) and trifoliate orange (TO) rootstocks to evaluate their performance under control and drought conditions. Transcriptomic results showed that the control vs drought TO have 3620 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were down-regulated and 2440 genes were upregulated while the control vs drought SO group showed 3625 genes were down-regulated and 2290 genes were upregulated. Most of the DEGs were associated with different molecular functions and biological processes including metabolic pathways, flavonoids biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism in both rootstocks under drought; however, the gene expression analysis showed that the expression of flavonoids and glutathione metabolism genes were higher in SO than TO after 12 days of drought stress (12DS). Moreover, the antioxidative enzymes, free radical scavenging activities, and total flavonoids contents were increased in both rootstocks, but the increase was higher in SO than TO, after 12DS. After 12DS, the TO has significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, electrolytic leakage, and malondialdehyde contents than SO. Our study concluded that SO rootstock enhances genes linked to metabolic pathways, flavonoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. It also, boosts antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and flavonoid levels, while effectively neutralizing the reactive oxygen species. Hence, after 12 days of drought stress, sour orange performs better than trifoliate orange in maintaining these protective mechanisms.
Speakers
SH

Sajjad Hussain

Texas A&M University
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Strand 12B

4:15pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Leaf and plant age-related changes in photosynthetic light responses of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa)
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Photosynthetic light response (Pn–PAR) curves provide insights into optimizing light use efficiency and plant productivity while supporting decision-making on canopy management, such as plant spacing and pruning. In strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), previous Pn–PAR studies have primarily focused on mature leaves but ignored how photosynthetic capacity varies with leaf and plant age. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined leaf and plant age-related changes in Pn–PAR of strawberry plants. A field experiment was conducted with ‘Florida Brilliance’ short-day strawberry during the 2023–2024 growing season in West Central Florida. We determined Pn–PAR at three development stages: early (21 Nov.), mid (12 Dec.), and late (1 Feb.) growth stages. Leaves were classified into three categories based on leaf age: young (first fully expanded leaf), mature (fully developed leaf), and old (senescing leaf). Measurements were made using a portable infrared gas analyzer at ten photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels ranging from 0 to 2,000 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ at a constant CO₂ concentration of 400 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. During the early growth stage, the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was highest in mature leaves, followed by old and young leaves (18.17, 16.33, and 15.48 µmol CO₂·m⁻²·s⁻¹, respectively). Despite the relatively low Pmax, young leaves showed efficient low-light photosynthesis with a notable quantum yield (QY) of 0.0685 mol·mol⁻¹, trailing just behind mature leaves (0.0768 mol·mol⁻¹). During the mid-growth stage, mature leaves had the highest Pmax, followed by young and old leaves (16.38, 15.06, and 9.86 µmol CO₂·m⁻²·s⁻¹, respectively), with corresponding QY values of 0.0574, 0.0588, and 0.0365 mol·mol⁻¹, respectively. During the late growth stage, Pmax remained highest in the mature leaves, followed by young and old leaves (14.83, 13.43, and 6.80 µmol CO₂·m⁻²·s⁻¹, respectively), with corresponding QY values of 0.0574, 0.0588, and 0.0365, respectively. The results show that young leaves achieve efficient photosynthesis under low light, as indicated by their consistently high QY values across all stages, while old leaves exhibit reduced efficiency with both lower Pmax and QY. These results reveal that light use efficiency is highly dependent on both leaf and plant age, with the greatest senescence-associated decline occurring in old leaves at the late growth stage. Optimizing light use efficiency in strawberry plants, whether through light intensity control in indoor production or canopy management in open fields, must account for the leaf- and plant-age-dependent Pn–PAR relationship.
Speakers
avatar for Hadi Ghasemi

Hadi Ghasemi

PhD Graduate Assistant, University of Florida
🌱 Passionate about CEA. 🪻 Love saffron and have expertise in growing it. 🍓 Strawberry physiology and photosynthesis.
Co-authors
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Strand 11B

4:15pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Cold Hardiness Variation in Vitis vinifera × Vitis riparia Hybrids: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Low Temperature Exotherm Values
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Grapevine cold hardiness is a critical trait that determines the geographical distribution and winter survival of cultivars, thus a key consideration for viticulture in regions with severe winter conditions. This study investigated the cold hardiness of 312 Vitis riparia F1 hybrids, using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and survival assessments at 4°C over seven and 28 days. The DTA analyses to identify significant changes in progeny lethal temperature exotherm (LTE) values with a wide range of LTE values from -24.3°C to -12.3°C observed after 28 days of cold acclimation. The mean LTE value improved from -16.8°C after seven days to -18.6°C after 28 days with 80.2% of progenies showing significant decreases in LTE values. Progenies were divided into five groups based on cold hardiness: very cold hardy, cold hardy, moderately hardy, susceptible, and very susceptible. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated clear separation among the five cold hardiness groups, with PC1 accounting for 71% of the variance. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of cold hardiness in V. riparia progenies, offering critical information for grape breeding programs aimed at developing cold-resistant cultivars. The identification of highly cold-hardy progenies and the understanding of their genetic diversity will aid in selecting parent plants for breeding, ultimately improving grape production in cold regions.
Speakers Co-authors
HD

Hava Delavar

North Dakota State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Fruit Breeding 2
  • Subject Fruit Breeding
  • Funding Source VitisGen 3
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

4:15pm CDT

ORGH 2 - The growth and yield of organic sweet corn grown with clover living mulch and reduced tillage in the Northern Great Plains
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Sweet Corn (Zea mays) is a popular warm season specialty crop grown in the United States and around the world. Sweet corn production can encounter obstacles including weed competition and nutrient losses, particularly nitrate leaching. This study explored the influence of third-year clover living mulch systems on organic sweet corn production, and the impact of historic in-row soil management practices on sweet corn growth and yield. Conducted in 2024 at the SDSU Southeast Research Farm, Beresford, SD, USA, this research investigated the impact of established clover living mulch on ‘Who Gets Kissed©’ sweet corn (High Mowing Seeds). Two years prior to sweet corn planting, three clover cultivars were established: ‘Domino’ white clover (Trifolium repens), ‘Aberlasting’ white x kura clover (T. repens x ambiguum), and ‘Dynamite’ red clover (Trifolium pratense), which were compared with a bare-ground control. During the past two seasons, within each clover whole plot, four in-row soil management subplots (till, till landscape fabric, no-till, no-till landscape fabric) were established. The established plots were planted with acorn squash (cucurbita pepo) in the first year, followed by fall cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata) in the second. Prior to sweet corn production, all treatments were strip-tilled to temporarily delay clover and prepare a planting bed for direct seeding of sweet corn with a single row planter. No landscape fabric was used in-row to align with medium to large scale production practices. Till treatments were weeded with a stirrup hoe and represented tilled cultivation. No-till treatments were hand weeded with the proper hand tool to minimize soil disturbance. Sweet corn data was collected to understand the impact of clover variety and soil management practices on crop health, weed suppression, and yield. Yield was graded in accordance with the USDA Marketable Standard for sweet corn cash crop production. Weed biomass decreased as the season progressed and sweet corn canopy closed; however mid-season drought conditions decreased clover growth. Prior years of soil management did not affect yield and production (p ≤ 0.8), but clover living mulch systems did (p ≤ 0.04). Over 50% of the graded sweet corn was in the US No1 and US No 2 categories. Bare ground treatment plots were first to reach maturity and produced the highest percentage of marketable ears. Farmers who are interested in growing sweet corn could utilize living mulch systems after key considerations such as water availability, early season maintenance, and scale of production.
Speakers
KH

Kristina Harms

South Dakota State University
Co-authors
KL

Kristine Lang

South Dakota State University
NJ

Nitish Joshi

South Dakota State University
NA
TN

Thandiwe Nleya

South Dakota State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Strand 12A

4:15pm CDT

PLAST - Mulch Technologies to Reduce Agriculture Plastic Waste Generation in Strawberry Cultivation
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Polyethylene (PE) mulch is a valuable tool that suppresses weeds, optimizes the soil and canopy microclimate, and enhances efficient production of quality fruits and vegetables. However, PE mulch is not biodegradable and limited cost-effective waste management options lead to large amounts of used PE mulch being annually landfilled, stockpiled on farms, burned, and sometimes buried in soil. The objective of this presentation is to review the status of alternative mulch technologies that have the potential to reduce plastic waste generation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivation with an emphasis on soil-biodegradable plastic mulch (BDM), hydromulch, and cellulose-based film. Several commercial BDM products have been available in the market since the 1990s and are made using a blend of fossil-fuel derived and biobased ingredients. Trials conducted in Washington State show strawberry yield and fruit quality are comparable when plants are grown with black PE mulch or BDM. Green BDM deteriorates rapidly depending on environmental conditions. Rapid deterioration may lead to increased weed pressure and reduced production similar to bare ground cultivation. Hydromulch is a sprayable mulch alternative that can be formulated with ingredients that meet the requirements for certified organic production in North America, whereas commercially available BDMs do not meet these requirements. Trials carried out in Washington State and North Dakota demonstrated hydromulch maintains strawberry yield and fruit quality. Hydromulch formulations with guar gum demonstrate superior mechanical properties relative to formulations without or with other tackifiers. Reduced weed suppression, the logistics of sourcing hydromulch feedstock, lack of specialized application equipment, and high material and application costs are current barriers to this emerging technology. Cellulose-based film, such as lignocellulose film, is another fully biodegradable and emerging alternative to PE mulch and can be made with ingredients suitable for certified organic production. Field trials with cellulose-based film are limited, but current findings show high levels of biodegradability and maintenance of crop growth. Growers, crop consultants, and marketers should consider biodegradable mulch alternatives to reduce plastic waste generation and persistent plastic pollution in agricultural and environmental settings, particularly if recycling is not available or a cost-effective option.
Speakers
MG

Makonya Givemore Munashe

Washington State University
Co-authors
AW

Aidan Williams

Washington State University
AD

Andrew Durado

Montana State University
NA
BW

Ben Weiss

Washington State University
Ben is from Philadelphia and has been interested in food systems since an early age. He attended his first natural products expo before kindergarten because his parents worked in the natural foods industry. During late adolescence, he started a prolific tomato garden that blossomed... Read More →
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
DG

Deirdre Griffin LaHue

Washington State University
NA
DB

Dilpreet Bajwa

Montana State University
NA
GG

Greta Gramig

North Dakota State University
NA
HD

Haishun Du

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
NS

Nataliya Shcherbatyuk

Washington State University
NA
NG

Nayab Gull

Washington State University
Nayab is a Ph.D. student in the crop and soil science department Washington state University. She received her masters degree in Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems from China Agricultural University.
SP

Suzette Pedroso Galinato

Washington State University
NA
WA

Waqas Ahmad

North Dakota State University
NA
XP

Xuejun Pan

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plasticulture
  • Subject Plasticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Funding was provided by the USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative Award 2022-51181-38325, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Award 2023-68016-38933, and Organic Research and Extension Initiative 2021-51300-34909 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Additional support was provided by NIFA Hatch projects 7003737, 7001317, and W5188 Multi-State Project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA.
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

4:15pm CDT

VCM 5 - Effects of Magnesium Fertilization on Phytonutrient Accumulation in Cress Grown Hydroponically
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Leafy greens like cress have generated significant interest worldwide due to their health and nutritional benefits. Cress is a nutrient-dense leafy green unique for its peppery flavor and phytonutrient content. Its hydroponic cultivation coupled with targeted nutrient fertilization provides a controlled environment enabling optimal growth conditions and phytonutrient accumulation. Particularly, magnesium as a macronutrient is known for influencing biosynthesis of plant metabolites including chlorophyll, carotenoids and other antioxidants. The need for biofortification and optimization of hydroponic cultivation for nutrient-dense crops warrant this study. Due to the importance of beta-carotene in human health and its role as a source of vitamin A, it is crucial to understand how fertilization affects its accumulation. Therefore, this study seeks to contribute to optimization of nutrient management in hydroponics and ultimately improve nutritional value of leafy greens. In this research, four magnesium fertilization rates (100 mg/l, 150 mg/l, 200 mg/l and 250 mg/l) were applied to watercress and upland cress in a hydroponic environment. The study aimed to examine the effects of these treatments on phytonutrient accumulation with a focus on beta-carotene. The hydroponic cultivation was done under controlled environment, ensuring desirable nutrient application, temperature, light, pH and electrical conductivity. The treatments were applied in a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system under a split-plot design. Biomass, chlorophyll, beta-carotene and antioxidant activity were analyzed to determine the relationship between magnesium application and the biosynthesis of phytonutrients. Spectrophotometric methods were used to quantify beta-carotene and chlorophyll and determine antioxidant potential. Initial findings indicate increasing content of beta-carotene, chlorophyll, biomass and antioxidant activity with increasing magnesium application rates, with the highest rate maximizing beta-carotene accumulation. The results show variations between watercress and upland cress, indicating strain-specific responses under magnesium application. These results will contribute to insights into the influence of magnesium fertilization on the synthesis of phytonutrients in leafy greens, particularly cress plants. It will guide farmers on optimizing fertilization, eventually improving yields and nutritional quality of the two cress varieties. Additionally, it will recommend dietary guidelines, catering to the demand for nutrient-rich foods among health-conscious consumers. Keywords: Cress, Magnesium fertilization, Phytonutrients, Hydroponics, Spectrophotometry
Speakers
RK

Richard Kabanda

Graduate Research Assistant, Kentucky State University
Co-authors
CT

Cora Teets

Kentucky State University
TN

THEONESTE NZARAMYIMANA

Kentucky State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Foster 1

4:30pm CDT

CITR 3- Multi-Omics Dissection of Drought-Priming-Induced Cold Hardiness in Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Climate change-induced abiotic stresses, particularly drought and freezing, threaten citrus production worldwide. Understanding how drought priming enhances cold hardiness is pivotal for sustaining grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) production under increasingly unpredictable climatic conditions. This study employed an integrative approach combining transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling and physiological and morphological observations to unravel the complex regulatory networks underlying drought-primed freezing tolerance in grapefruit plants. Drought-primed plants exhibited significantly improved photosynthetic efficiency, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange parameters, and remained higher in primed plants under freezing stress. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed ultrastructural changes, including intact stomatal architecture and less plasmolysis in leaf tissues of drought-primed plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct reprogramming of stress-responsive genes, particularly those involved in transcriptional regulation and hormone signaling pathways. Notably, genes encoding transcription factors such as DREB, NAC, and WRKY showed marked upregulation in primed plants. Metabolomic profiling complemented these findings by identifying key metabolic shifts, including accumulating compatible solutes (e.g., proline, sugars) and modulation of central carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Hormonal analysis indicated a synergistic interaction between abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), suggesting their critical roles in stress signal integration. Our results demonstrate that drought priming activates a robust transcriptional-metabolic network, enhancing physiological resilience and structural integrity under freezing stress. This study provides novel insights into the cross-adaptive mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance and establishes a foundational framework for developing climate-resilient citrus cultivars.
Speakers
SI

Shahid Iqbal

University of Florida
Co-authors
CA

Carlos Aucique

University of Florida
JC

John Chater

University of Florida
MS

Muhammad Shahid

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

4:30pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Stomatal Density, Function, and Transpiration Dynamics in Developing Southern Highbush Blueberry Fruits
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
The water balance of fleshy fruit is heavily influenced by fruit transpiration. Transpiration is driven by the vapor pressure gradient between the fruit and the atmosphere. Stomatal closure is the main form of resistance to water loss. Thus, stomatal density (the number of stomata per unit area) and function are critical for regulating transpiration. In Northern Highbush blueberry (NHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L.), transpiration rates decline as the fruit develops. However, these dynamics remain unknown in Southern Highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids). This study examines the relationship between stomatal density, stomata function, and fruit transpiration rates in SHB. Three SHB cultivars were analyzed: ‘Jewel’, ‘Sweetcrisp’, and ‘Keecrisp’. Fruits were sampled weekly between petal fall and the ripe stage. Stomatal imprints were collected from six fruit regions: calyx basin, calyx, distal (calyx) end, distal middle, proximal middle, and proximal (pedicel) end. Stomatal density and distribution were quantified using StoManager, an artificial intelligence tool that uses convolutional neural networks to count and measure stomata in micrographs. Stomata density varied by genotype and fruit region. Distal regions exhibited the highest stomata densities in all varieties. No stomata were observed in the proximal middle or proximal (pedicel) end for either genotype. Fruit transpiration rates were measured using an infrared gas analyzer equipped with a custom-built chamber. Results indicated a progressive decline in transpiration rates as the fruit matured. The results suggest that SHB and NHB exhibit similar stomata morphology and transpiration patterns during fruit development.
Speakers
SC

Scott Cruz

University of Florida
Co-authors
GN

Gerardo Nunez

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Strand 11B

4:30pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Linkage Mapping and Genomic Insights in Vitis x Muscadinia Hybrids
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Combining muscadine (M. rotundifolia) with bunch grapes (V. vinifera) addresses the challenges faced by each species. Muscadines provide strong disease resistance and adaptability to the southeastern U.S climate but lack key fruit quality traits such as seedlessness and crisp texture. In contrast, V. vinifera, produces high-quality fruit but is highly susceptible to diseases like Pierce’s disease and powdery mildew. Hybridization between the two aims to retain the desirable fruit characteristics of V. vinifera while incorporating the resilience of muscadines. Understanding the genetic basis of key agronomic traits in Vitis × Muscadinia (V × M) hybrids is essential for introgressing valuable traits such as seedlessness, disease resistance, and flavor into breeding populations. This study aimed to develop a high-density genetic linkage map to investigate the inheritance of seedlessness, sterility, and recombination patterns in wide hybrids. The mapping population was derived from a cross between AM-116, a seeded Muscadinia rotundifolia selection, and JB15-43-N0-25, a seedless V × M hybrid. Phenotypic evaluations of traits such as flower sex, winter injury, berry size, berry, color, yield, seedlessness, cluster architecture, and vigor were collected and integrated with genotypic data to create a linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci for these traits. RhAmpSeq genotyping was initially used as the primary method to genotype the population and assess recombination frequency across homeologous and homologous chromosome regions. However, because rhAmpSeq markers were designed using Vitis genomes without incorporating Muscadinia, marker coverage in Muscadinia genomic regions was limited. To overcome this limitation, SkimSeq whole-genome sequencing was later employed to construct a high-density linkage map. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of genomic data revealed that individuals positioned closer to the V × M parent (JB15-43-N0-25) had a higher proportion of Vitis ancestry and an increased number of homeologous chromosomes. This pattern suggests that structural genomic incompatibilities affecting segregation distortion and recombination rates may result in reduced recombination in homeologous regions in V × M hybrids. These findings provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms governing sterility, recombination, and trait introgression in Vitis × Muscadinia hybrids, contributing to the development of breeding strategies aimed at integrating desirable traits across subgenera. Understanding these factors is crucial for overcoming genetic barriers in interspecific breeding and optimizing hybrid vigor for commercial muscadine grape production.
Speakers
IV

Isabella Vaughn

University of Arkansas
Co-authors
CJ

Carmen Johns

University of Arkansas
CZ

Cheng Zou

Cornell University
NA
DW

Dustin Wilkerson

Cornell University
NA
LN

Lacy Nelson

University of Arkansas
NA
MW

Margaret Worthington

University of Arkansas
QS

Qi Sun

Cornell University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Fruit Breeding 2
  • Subject Fruit Breeding
  • Funding Source This work was funded by VitisGen3, which was provided by Specialty Crop Research Initiative Competitive Grant, Award No. 2022-51181-38240, of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

4:30pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Optimizing Organic Pepper Production with Selected Microbial Consortia and Rootstocks
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Grafting and microbial inoculation are promising strategies for enhancing organic pepper production, mainly to manage soil-borne diseases and optimize nutrient utilization. This study conducted in a high tunnel environment evaluated the performance of two Phytophthora-resistant rootstocks, CM-334 and YC-207, grafted with a common scion (Mama Mia Giallo), and the application of a mycorrhizal and bacterial mix consortium under two organic fertilization rates (100:40:60 kg NPK ha-1 as optimal rate and reduced to half as low rate). Our hypothesis explored whether the synergy of microbial inoculation and grafting could compensate for the reduced growth of the low rate by improving nutrient use efficiency. Chlorophyll content was higher (~10 %) in inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants under low fertilization. At the peak bloom stage, leaf net photosynthesis was similar at both fertilization rates, while inoculated plants had an increase in plant water use efficiency (~12 %). Microbial inoculation and low fertilization induced early flowering compared to non-inoculated plants grown at optimal fertilization rate. Under low fertilization, inoculated YC-grafted plants exhibited higher electron transport rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate than other inoculated plants. CM-grafted plants responded negatively to inoculation at optimal fertilization, as shown by the lower net photosynthesis (~16 %) and stomatal conductance (~44 %) compared to non-inoculated plants. The correlation of these physiological traits with fruit yield, quality, and soil health will provide further understanding applicable to rootstock selection and microbial inoculation to optimize pepper production, particularly in resource-limited conditions.
Speakers
AN

ASMITA NAGILA

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas A&M university
Co-authors
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Strand 12A

4:30pm CDT

PLAST - Increased Profitability and Sustainability in Vegetable Production through Plastic Mulch Management
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
An estimated two million tons of plastic mulch films (PMFs) are used in horticultural production worldwide due to the benefits these films provide that may lead to yield increases. Despite the high usage rates of PMFs, there are many environmental drawbacks to the implementation of plastic mulches. To investigate potential mitigation strategies, two plastic and two biodegradable plastic films were used for multiple consecutive growing seasons. Soil conditions, plant yield and mulch durability were used to evaluate the soundness of reusing mulch films for multiple growing seasons. There were no significant differences between mulch types for the first season, with the highest yield being 307.23 pounds of tomatoes and the lowest yield being 235.62 pounds of tomatoes per 50 row feet. There were significant yield differences between mulch types for the second season, where each cabbage head produced on plastic mulches weighed an average of 3.68 pounds while each cabbage head produced on biodegradable mulches weighed between 1.22 and 1.84 pounds. The yield differences observed in season two may be in part due to increased soil penetration resistance under the biodegradable mulches, which had to be replaced at the end of the first season. The biodegradable mulches had to be replaced at the end of the first season due to their extreme degradation, but they were replaced at unfavorably high soil moisture conditions which led to considerable compaction, and higher penetration resistance, in those plots. Biodegradable mulched plots exhibited more than 50% bare ground at the end of the first growing season while plastic mulched plots both exhibited less than 10% bare ground. In addition to their in-field degradation, biodegradable films are also significantly weaker materials than PMFs, with average tensile strengths of 2.02 N and 2.91 N at the end of season one, compared to the average tensile strength of 4.56 N of conventional polyethylene. These results suggest that biodegradable PMFs may not be a good option for use over multiple seasons. Further research is needed to determine the optimum management practices for increased profitability PMFs in vegetable production systems while also improving environmental friendliness.
Speakers
MH

Melanie Hill

Auburn University
Co-authors
PB

Paul Bartley

Auburn University
NA
RH

Robert Harriman

The Ohio State University
NA
WF

Wheeler Foshee

Auburn University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Foster 2

4:30pm CDT

VCM 5 - Seed Priming Treatments Affect Germination, Shoot Growth and Mineral Nutrient Compositions of Four Herbal Microgreen Species
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Microgreens are young seedlings that are harvested between 7 and 21 days after germination with height of generally 2 to 4 inches depending on the species. They are considered to be nutrient-dense functional foods and have been reported to be rich in mineral nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) as well as health beneficial phytochemicals. Seed priming treatments have been used to activate metabolic activity within the seed and promote fast and uniform germination, which is critical in microgreen production. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of four seed priming treatments on the shoot growth, visual quality, and mineral nutrient compositions of four herbal microgreen species grown on hydroponic mats made from jute fibers. Four microgreen species including chives (Allium schoenoprasum), dill (Anethum graveolens), scallion (Allium fistulosum) and shiso (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) were used in this study. Four priming treatments were applied including hydro priming with distilled water (20-22°C), chemical priming with hydrogen peroxide (0.3%), biostimulant priming with a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (0.528 ml·L-1), and another biostimulant derived from kelp extract (5 ml·L-1). Microgreen seeds were soaked for 6 hours in each of the priming solutions and then allowed to dry overnight to their original weight. The control treatment consisted of non-primed raw seeds. Data including germination percentage, shoot height, visual quality, fresh and dry shoot weights, shoot color, and mineral nutrients were all collected. Fresh shoot weight was significantly affected by the interaction between microgreen species and priming treatment. The four priming treatments and control resulted in similar fresh shoot weights in chives, scallion, and shiso. Dill from the control treatment had a significantly higher fresh shoot weight of 1302 g·m-2 compared to kelp extract, PGPR, and hydropriming with weights of 737 g·m-2, 740.7 g·m-2, and 345.8 g·m-2, respectively. Microgreen shoot height was affected by species and priming treatment separately with no interaction. The non-priming control produced shoots with height of 6.9 cm, significantly higher than those from the kelp extract or the hydropriming treatment with heights of 6.3 cm and 6.2 cm, respectively. Chives produced the lowest shoot height of 5.3 cm compared to dill, scallion and shiso with shoot heights of 6.9 cm, 7.0 cm, and 6.8 cm, respectively.
Speakers
JA

Jacob Arthur

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
AP

Abby Pennington

Mississippi State University
AA

Ali Alsughayyir

Mississippi State University
NA
GB

Guihong Bi

Mississippi State University
SW

Shecoya White

Mississippi State University
NA
TL

Tongyin Li

Mississippi State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 5

4:45pm CDT

CITR 3 - Enhancing Freezing Tolerance in Valencia Orange: Exploring the Synergistic Role of Photoperiod and Cold Acclimation
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Freezing tolerance is a critical factor affecting the productivity and sustainability of citrus cultivation in subtropical regions. Photoperiod and cold acclimation work together to enhance a plant’s freezing tolerance by triggering specific biochemical and molecular pathways that help it withstand low temperatures and avoid cellular damage during freezing events. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of photoperiod and cold acclimation on the freezing tolerance of Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) plants grafted onto US942 rootstock, focusing on how these environmental factors modulate physiological and molecular responses to freezing stress. We hypothesize that varying photoperiods, when combined with cold acclimation, will synergistically enhance the freezing tolerance of Valencia orange plants by modulating biochemical and physiological traits associated with cold hardiness. Two-year-old Valencia orange plants will be grown under different photoperiods (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 hours) for four weeks. After the photoperiod treatment, plants from each photoperiod group were divided into two treatments: one group undergo cold acclimation by being exposed to 4°C for 16 hours, while the other group was placed at 25°C for 16 hours (non-cold-acclimated). Following this, both cold-acclimated and non-cold-acclimated plants were exposed to freezing stress at -6°C in walk-in freezing chambers for 1 hour. The freezing temperature reached by gradually lowering the temperature by 1°C per hour, starting from 0°C to -6°C. We measured the photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and ELL. These results showed that the freezing stress showed the photosynthesis limitation, there are problem in enzymatic machinery in carbon dioxide assimilation. According to ELL and spad index GBT3R2 shows lowest cellular damage and the results show preserved the chlorophyll content. This research identifies how photoperiods and cold acclimation interact to enhance freezing tolerance in Valencia oranges, providing key markers for breeding more freeze resilient citrus cultivars.
Speakers
NQ

Nazneen Qureshi

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

4:45pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Leaf-Level Photosynthesis is Maintained Under Far-Red Photon Substitution Across Five Species
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Recent studies show that far-red photons (FR; 700–750 nm), when combined with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm), can drive canopy-level photosynthesis as effectively as PAR alone. This has prompted suggestions to redefine PAR as extended PAR (ePAR; 400–750 nm). However, few studies have evaluated whether FR and PAR photons produce equivalent photosynthetic rates at the leaf level. We investigated whether photosynthesis is maintained under increasing FR substitution at equal total photon flux (1000 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹). Five crop species (apple, blueberry, corn, strawberry, and tomato) were grown under natural field conditions (tomato in a hoop house) and sampled for leaf gas exchange using A/Ci curves under three light spectra: 0%, 15%, and 30% FR substitution. Leaf transmittance of FR photons was 3–11 times greater than PAR across species, indicating reduced FR absorption compared to PAR photons. Nonetheless, maximum photosynthetic rates were similar across treatments for all species. For most species, FR substitution did not affect Vc,max or Jmax, indicating that rubisco activity and electron transport capacity remained stable. However, blueberry showed declines in both parameters with increasing FR, while corn exhibited increased Jmax under FR substitution. Despite reduced FR absorption, photosynthetic performance was largely unchanged with up to 30% FR substitution. These results support the inclusion of FR photons in the PAR definition and reinforce the relevance of ePAR in both natural and controlled environments.
Speakers
JE

John Ertle

Plant Physiologist, PP Systems
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

4:45pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Gene Expression Analysis in the Linkage Group 7 Eastern Filbert Blight Resistance Region in Hazelnut
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Eastern filbert blight (EFB) disease caused by the fungal pathogen Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller is a major threat to Oregon’s hazelnut (Corylus avellana) industry. Although cultivars with ‘Gasaway’ resistance have sustained the Oregon hazelnut industry, ‘Jefferson’ and ‘McDonald’ trees protected by a dominant allele for resistance from ‘Gasaway’ have shown small cankers when under high disease pressure for several years. In late 2023, a few orchards in the northern Willamette Valley reported infections on ‘Gasaway’ protected trees with highly aggressive cankers and fully developed stromata, indicating the ability to reproduce on resistant varieties and signaling the breakdown of ‘Gasaway’ resistance in Oregon. The OSU hazelnut breeding program has conducted extensive EFB screening efforts on curated germplasm, and more than 30 sources of EFB resistance have been assigned to a linkage group (LG) using SSR loci and disease score correlation analyses. Fine mapping of the LG7 resistance region using the ‘Ratoli’ and OSU 1166.123 backgrounds with simple sequence repeat (SSR) and PCR allele competitive extension (PACE) SNP genotyping assays narrowed the resistance region. However, gene expression profiling is desired to further elucidate which candidate genes overlap between fine-mapping efforts and gene expression to refine marker development efforts for LG7 resistance. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in six hazelnut genotypes (‘Ennis’, OSU 1026.073, OSU 1166.123, OSU 541.147, ‘Ratoli’, and ‘Sacajawea’) at different stages of EFB infection. Layered and grafted trees with ‘McDonald’ rootstocks were grown in 3L pots at the OSU West Greenhouses in Corvallis, OR in spring 2023. Inoculations were conducted in an outdoor container pad and new shoot tips with at least two true leaves were spray inoculated with a spore suspension (1x106 spores·mL-1) until run-off. Apical shoots (2-3 internodes) from four biological replicates were collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, and 240 hours post-inoculation, with the addition of two biological mocks sprayed with deionized water. Total RNA was extracted and sequenced using a BRB-seq library prep for the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform. Detailed analyses of differentially expressed genes between susceptible and resistant genotypes during the initial stages of EFB infection will be discussed. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the molecular resistance of hazelnut to EFB, aid marker development for breeding EFB-resistant cultivars, and facilitate the pyramiding of R-genes in a single clonal selection for more durable resistance.
Speakers
RM

Rion Mooneyham

Oregon State University
Co-authors
GB

Gaurab Bhattarai

Oregon State University
NA
JS

Jacob Snelling

Oregon State University
NA
SM

Shawn Mehlenbacher

Oregon State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

4:45pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Low Salmonella spp. Prevalence in Organic Cover Crop–Pastured Chicken–Tomato Rotations with No Significant Differences Among Management Practices
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Modern agricultural production systems have become highly specialized and input-intensive models that boost food production and lower production costs. While this has allowed us to meet our rising food demand, it has led to environmental degradation. Moreover, these systems lack resilience and sustainability against higher supply costs and shifting environmental conditions. Integrated Crop Livestock Systems (ICLS) at the field level are an alternative that balances productivity with environmental responsibility by combining crop and animal rotations. Often incorporating practices such as cover crops, reduced or no-tillage and minimal external inputs. ICLS can improve soil health, enhance nutrient cycling, and improve resilience through diversification. Livestock is central to ICLS and can be adapted to farm specific needs. For small organic farmers, poultry is an attractive option due to its easy handling and regular production of meat or eggs. However, chickens can carry pathogens such as Salmonella.spp and Listeria monocytogenes, raising food safety concerns. With no specific guidelines for ICLS implementation, organic farmers are encouraged to follow the 90 -120 USDA National Organic Program (NOP) rule for application of raw manure. This research aims to clarify food safety implications when integrating poultry into specialty crops systems The study followed organic practices on organic land. Designed as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plots with poultry foraging on high or low cover crop residue, or no grazing as the main plot with tillage or no-tillage as the split plot factor. Chickens foraged for 5 weeks before processing for-carcass weight, meat yield and Salmonella.spp cecal prevalence. After chickens were removed from the cover crop, organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Granadero’) seedlings were planted. We measured tomato yield per plant. Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. was determined from cecal and soil and tomato surface samples at two-time points; directly after chicken removal at harvest (n= 348 environmental samples). Neither foraging nor tillage type had a significant effect on tomato yield, suggesting that animal integration is a viable option for cover crop management and farm diversification. After the chicken removal all environmental samples tested negative for Salmonella spp. At harvest, Salmonella appeared in 17 of 348 samples (4.88%), suggesting that integrating chickens does not necessarily elevate the risk of produce contamination and that other environmental factors affecting Salmonella prevalence should be further studied.
Speakers
JC

Jose Cabezas

Purdue University
Co-authors
HR

Hannah Robalino

Purdue University
NA
JT

Joseph Tilstra

Purdue University
NA
MB

Moriah Bilenky

Purdue University
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 2
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source Organic Center- FFAR Joint Organic Reseearch Program

4:45pm CDT

PLAST - Life Cycle Assessment Insights into Environmental Trade-offs and End-of-Life Strategies for Soil-Biodegradable Mulch Films
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Mulch films play a crucial role in enhancing crop yields and suppressing weeds; however, conventional plastic mulch films (PEMs) contribute significantly to environmental burdens, particularly at the end-of-life (EOL) stage. In response, soil-biodegradable mulch films (BDMs) have emerged as an alternative, offering potential benefits in reducing waste and emissions. This study conducts a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) of BDMs (PBAT/PLA, 30/70 PBAT/TPS, 70/30 PBAT/TPS blends) compared to PEMs (LDPE) across ten environmental impact categories in the production of 1 kg of strawberries per hectare in California, USA. Multiple EOL scenarios were evaluated, including soil-biodegradation, anaerobic digestion, and composting for BDMs, and landfill (with and without energy recovery) for PEMs. Results indicated that during the manufacturing stage, BDMs exhibited the lowest fossil fuel depletion, with the 30/70 PBAT/PLA achieving a 72% reduction; however, all BDMs had higher global warming potential (GWP). The highest environmental burdens in manufacturing were associated with BDM-PBAT/PLA due to its high energy requirements. During the mulch use stage, all BDMs consistently outperformed PEMs slightly in key impact categories such as GWP (reducing emissions by approximately 4.7%), acidification, and smog formation. No significant differences were observed among BDMs in this stage, suggesting that primary environmental distinctions arise from manufacturing and EOL scenarios rather than field application. The EOL stage significantly influenced the overall sustainability of mulch films. In terms of fossil fuel consumption, carbon emissions, and human toxicity potential, the most favorable scenarios were BDM-soil-biodegradation (-2.65 kg CO2-eq) and BDM-anaerobic digestion (-20.9 kg CO2-eq), both of which also reduced ecotoxicity (approximately -51 CTUe) and carcinogenic effects while minimizing fossil fuel depletion (approximately -1.72 MJ). In contrast, BDM-composting resulted in higher acidification (up to 0.344 kg SO2 eq) and smog formation, making it a less favorable option. PEMs, even under energy recovery scenarios, exhibited higher impacts and lacked the benefits of biodegradability, emphasizing the sustainability advantages of BDMs. When considering the full cradle-to-grave life cycle, BDMs demonstrated superior environmental performance under optimal EOL strategies. Although PEMs had a lower manufacturing footprint, their EOL challenges negated these benefits. Among BDMs, PBAT/TPS blends, particularly the 30/70 PBAT/TPS, exhibited the most balanced performance, offering reduced manufacturing burdens alongside excellent EOL outcomes. This study provides a detailed analysis of the environmental benefits and trade-offs of BDMs. The findings, along with nuanced recommendations, support the transition toward more sustainable mulch film applications.
Speakers
avatar for Oluwatunmise Israel Dada

Oluwatunmise Israel Dada

Graduate Research Assistant, Washington State University
A Ph.D. Candidate passionate about the natural environment and sustainable solutions.
Co-authors
LY

Liang Yu

Kentucky State University
NA
TC

Ting Chi

Washington State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plasticulture
  • Subject Plasticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Specialty Crops Research Initiative Award 2022-51181-38325
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

4:45pm CDT

VCM 5 - Exploring the Plant Microbiome of Commercial Spinach: Bacterial and Fungal Community Structure and Functional Potential
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
The study explored bacterial and fungal communities in two commercially cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivars across five ecological niches: bulk soil, rhizosphere, root endosphere, leaf episphere, and leaf endosphere. Using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS amplicons, we assessed microbial diversity, composition, co-occurrence networks, and functional potential, revealing that alpha microbial diversity was highest in bulk soil and lowest in the leaf endosphere. Beta diversity analysis demonstrated significant niche differentiation, with fungal communities exhibiting notable cultivar-driven variation, while bacterial communities were more influenced by niche. The bacterial microbiome displayed a wide range of taxa, while the fungal microbiome comprised two primary groups, with differential abundance analysis indicating niche-specific microbial enrichment in both bacterial and fungal communities. Tracking microbial contributions to different niches showed minimal influence of bulk soil on the rhizosphere, with fungal communities presenting higher niche transfer rates than bacteria. Co-occurrence network analysis highlighted cultivar-specific microbial interactions. Functional predictions indicated niche-dependent microbial metabolic adaptations, particularly in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. These findings offer valuable insights into the spinach microbiome, highlighting niche differentiation and cultivar-specific microbial interactions that influence plant-associated microbial communities.
Speakers Co-authors
GB

Gabriele Berg

Graz University of Technology
NA
WA

Wisnu Adi Wicaksono

Graz University of Technology
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Foster 1

5:00pm CDT

CITR 3 - From Defense to Damage: The Oxidative Toll of Huanglongbing (HLB) on Sweet Oranges
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
The study was conducted at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC), University of Florida (UF), between 2012 and 2013. It focused on evaluating oxidative stress metabolism in two-year-old 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) plants grafted onto Swingle rootstock (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata). Both healthy and HLB-affected plants were cultivated under controlled greenhouse conditions. Leaf samples, ranging from young to fully expanded stages, were analyzed to observe biochemical responses to HLB infection. Early-stage HLB-affected leaves appeared asymptomatic but later developed blotchy patterns, characteristic of the disease. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels increased in both healthy and HLB-affected leaves, with significantly higher concentrations observed in the latter. Healthy leaves showed H₂O₂ levels ranging from 0.5 to 3.8 µmole per gram of fresh weight (FW), while affected leaves exhibited levels from 0.56 to 6.5 µmole per gram FW, especially in fully expanded leaves. Enzymatic activities related to oxidative stress were also evaluated. Catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities increased during the leaf expansion phase but declined in fully expanded leaves, with a sharper decrease observed in HLB-affected samples. The reduced CAT and APX activity in affected leaves contributed to the accumulation of H₂O₂, exacerbating oxidative stress. Guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) activity was low during early leaf expansion but increased in fully expanded leaves. HLB-affected leaves showed significantly higher GPOD activity, possibly contributing to elevated H₂O₂ levels. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity, vital for maintaining redox balance by regenerating reduced glutathione (GSH), was higher in healthy leaves but declined in HLB-affected samples. This decline suggested impaired recycling of GSH, disrupting redox homeostasis and weakening antioxidant defenses. In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was elevated in HLB-affected leaves, likely as an adaptive response to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the combination of increased GST and reduced GR activity led to a depletion of reduced glutathione, further intensifying oxidative stress. Overall, the study highlights the disruption of oxidative stress metabolism in HLB-affected sweet orange leaves. The compromised antioxidant defense system, characterized by reduced CAT, APX, and GR activities, contributes to increased cellular damage. These findings provide insights into plant defense mechanisms and suggest potential intervention strategies for managing HLB-induced stress.
Speakers
ND

Naveen Dixit

University of MD Eastern Shore
NA
Co-authors
RC

R C Ebel

Consultant
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Strand 12B

5:00pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Light attenuation effects on productivity, yield and fruit quality of cranberries under Massachusetts conditions
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Light attenuation effects on productivity, yield and fruit quality of Cranberries under Massachusetts conditions. Brian Makeredza, Giverson Mupambi and Peter Jeranyama University of Massachusetts Cranberry Station, 1 State Bog Rd, East Wareham, MA 02538 Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is a fruit of significant commercial importance in North America. The fruit is consumed for its high vitamin C and antioxidants such as phenols, including anthocyanins and quercetin. Radiation stress poses significant challenges to production of high-quality marketable cranberries. Elevated exposure to high visible and ultraviolet (UV) light negatively impacts physiological and stress defensive mechanisms of the fruit, made up of biochemicals such as antioxidants, pigments and organic acids. We investigated the effects of light levels and quality on the productivity of two cranberry cultivars, Stevens’ and ‘Mullica Queen’ at two different sites. A sun exposed control was compared to three light reduction treatments. The treatments were two shade net treatments that filtered 17% and 34% visible light and a particle film spray (Raynox®), that filtered UV light. Sensors were installed to log micro-climatic weather conditions. Net carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration were measured at the green, blush and full red stage of fruit development. The ratio of carbon isotopes as described by the δ13C value were assessed to determine carbon discrimination as a stress indicator. Fruit quality parameters measured at harvest were flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), total anthocyanins (TAcy) and fruit rot. Raynox®, did not have an effect on carbon assimilation, yield and fruit quality. Reducing visible light did not affect stomatal conductance and transpiration but decreased carbon assimilation and yield but the effects were not statistically significant in some cases. Micro-climatic conditions under shade nets were conducive to the development of cranberry fruit rot which consequently contributed to yield reduction of marketable fruit. There were no differences in carbon isotope composition indicating no differences in abiotic stress levels. Fruit firmness decreased with an increase in shading. Trends for TA and TSS were inconsistent and unclear between the cultivars, but TAcy was only impeded by reducing light up to 34% level. Keywords: Cranberry, shade nets, light levels, particle film spray, carbon isotope
Speakers
BM

Brian Makeredza

University of Massachusetts
Co-authors
GM

Giverson Mupambi

University of Massachusetts Amherst
PJ

Peter Jeranyama

University of Massachusetts Amherst
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

5:00pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Genetic Dissection of Resistance to Peach Fungal Gummosis: Detection and Validation of Loci Originating from Almond and Peach Germplasm
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Peach fungal gummosis (PFG), caused by fungal pathogens in the Botryosphaeriaceae family, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Diplodia seriata. This disease is a major threat to Prunus production worldwide. The initial symptoms often remain latent until trees are exposed to stress, at which point it can lead to substantial yield losses and even tree mortality. Given the lack of curative fungicide options and the difficulty of managing prolonged latent infections, genetic resistance has become a central focus for integrated PFG management strategies. A key breakthrough in this effort was the identification of Botd8, a major resistance locus derived from the almond cultivar ‘Tardy Nonpareil.’ Mapped to linkage group 8, Botd8 confers dominant resistance to B. dothidea and co-segregates with the red leaf locus (Gr). Its resistance effect was validated in multiple environments and under different inoculation methods, including field, trellis, and wound inoculation. Further validation using detached stem and leaf assays confirmed that genotypes homozygous or heterozygous carrying Botd8 exhibited significantly reduced lesion development following inoculations with B. dothidea and D. seriata. However, Botd8 was not effective against L. theobromae, underscoring the need for additional resistance sources. The strong correlation between detached stem assay results and field ratings also demonstrated the utility of these rapid, non-destructive screening tools in breeding programs. To expand resistance options beyond almond-derived sources, a recent study focused on the low-chill peach landrace ‘Okinawa’. A segregating F1 population from ‘Okinawa’ × (‘Flordaguard’ × PI91459) was phenotyped for disease severity and genotyped via Genotyping-by-Sequencing. QTL analysis revealed a novel resistance locus on linkage group 6, distinct from Botd8. This QTL consistently explained 29–41% of the phenotypic variation across two years, suggesting a polygenic basis for resistance in peach. Notably, the Botd8 haplotype was common in high-chill cultivars but absent in low-chill germplasm, positioning ‘Okinawa’ as a valuable resistance source for subtropical breeding efforts. Collectively, these studies establish a comprehensive framework for developing PFG-resistant peach cultivars
Speakers
DM

Daniel Mancero

UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR
Fruit researcher with experience in multidisciplinary projects for plant protection and plant breeding
Co-authors
GM

Gabriel Matsumoto

University of Florida
NA
JC

Jose Chaparro

University of Florida
NA
PH

Phillip Harmon

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Strand 11A

5:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation with Organic Amendments Improves Organic Strawberry Yield and Quality
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a potential biological alternative to chemical fumigation for managing soilborne pathogens and enhancing soil health in strawberry production. The effectiveness of ASD for improving organic strawberry systems deserves more in-depth research. Building upon an ASD input rate study, this on-station experiment, conducted at Citra and Balm in Florida, assessed the impacts of two ASD treatments, including molasses (13.9 m³/ha) combined with either 9.5 (ASD1) or 14.25 Mg/ha (ASD2) of Everlizer, a heat-processed poultry manure product on strawberry yield performance. Using a split-plot design with four replications, the three-week ASD treatments and no ASD control were included in the whole plots and six strawberry cultivars (i.e., ‘Florida127’, ‘Florida Brilliance’, ‘Florida Medallion’, ‘Florida Pearl’, ‘Ember’, and ‘Encore’) were included in the subplots. A sunn hemp summer cover crop was grown, and the soil was incorporated before ASD establishment and Fall strawberry planting. At Citra, ASD1 and ASD2 significantly increased marketable fruit yield compared to the no ASD control by about 25% and 21%, respectively. However, this increase was accompanied by a modest increase in unmarketable yield, particularly under ASD1. The cultivar effect was also significant (p < 0.001), with ‘Encore’ and ‘Ember’ exhibiting the highest marketable fruit yield, while ‘Florida Brilliance’ had the highest unmarketable fruit yield. A similar trend was observed at Balm, where ‘Encore’ was the cultivar with the highest marketable yield. In addition, marketable fruit yield was increased by 7% under ASD1 and 36% under ASD2 relative to the control. On the other hand, ASD1 and ASD2 also led to higher unmarketable fruit yields by 13% and 35%, respectively, relative to the control. While the main effects of ASD treatment and strawberry cultivar were significant at both locations, no ASD by cultivar interaction was observed, indicating that cultivar performance trends were relatively stable across ASD treatments. Across locations, ASD significantly improved total fruit yield, with ASD1 promoting a higher level of marketability by lowering the amount of unmarketable fruit. These results demonstrate the application of ASD for enhancing strawberry yield in sandy soils and subtropical environments and highlight the importance of cultivar selection for optimizing organic strawberry production systems and assisting with organic transition. Further assessments of ASD inputs and implementation, fruit compositional quality, plant nutrient uptake, and soil microbial activity are expected to provide more insights into developing ASD practices for advancing sustainable strawberry production in Florida and the Southeastern region.
Speakers
BA

Bikash Adhikari

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
DM

David Moreira

University of Florida
NA
ER

Erin Rosskopf

USDA Agricultural Research Service
NA
IV

Isaac Vincent

University of Florida
NA
JH

Jason Hong

USDA Agricultural Research Service
NA
JD

Johan Desaeger

University of Florida
NA
NX

Nan Xu

University of Florida
NA
XZ

Xin Zhao

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 2
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative program, project award no. 2021-51300-34914, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

5:00pm CDT

PLAST - Beyond Plastic: Biobased Mulch Maintains Plant Growth with Rapid Degradation
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Lignocellulosic film is a biodegradable alternative to traditional, non-biodegradable polyethylene (PE) mulch, and is made with fully biobased feedstocks. The biobased composition of lignocellulose film renders it suitable for certified organic production in the United States and Canada, whereas soil-biodegradable plastic mulches are not permitted given they are not made with fully biobased feedstocks. However, information regarding the horticultural performance of lignocellulose film as a mulch is lacking. The objective of this study was to address this knowledge gap by comparing the functionality of lignocellulosic film to other mulch treatments using raspberry grown in a greenhouse. ‘Cascade Premier’ tissue culture transplants were planted in 12.7 x 12.7 cm (1.89 L) pots and grown for 112 days. Mulch treatments were placed over the surface of the media and around the base of the plants before being arranged in a randomized complete block design with eight replicates. Treatments included PE, soil-biodegradable mulch (starch-based, PBAT copolyester), paper mulch, lignocellulosic film, lignocellulosic film with biochar, cellulose film, and no mulch. Mulch treatment did not significantly impact overall plant growth throughout the trial, although variations in soil temperature were observed with lignocellulosic film having the highest reported temperature overall. Following the greenhouse experiment, new mulch samples were subjected to a soil biodegradation assay whereby samples were buried in two contrasting climates in Washington (i.e., warm-summer Mediterranean and cold semi-arid climates) with four replicates per location. Lignocellulosic film made with a hot press and lignocellulosic film with biochar and a hot press were added as additional treatments. Mesh bags containing the mulch samples were collected and analyzed for visual breakdown. Differences in breakdown were observed across mulch treatments with cellulose film being the most degraded, PE mulch being the least degraded, and lignocellulose being intermediate. After 3 months, lignocellulose had degraded by approximately 50% in both locations. Results to date indicate films made with lignocellulose maintain plant growth relative to PE mulch and biodegrade rapidly once incorporated into the soil. Future work should focus on scaling up lignocellulose material generation so they may be evaluated in open-field settings.
Speakers
AW

Aidan Williams

Washington State University
Co-authors
HD

Haishun Du

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
TL

Teng Li

University of Maryland
NA
XP

Xuejun Pan

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
YY

Yuan Yao

Yale University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plasticulture

5:00pm CDT

VCM 5 - Elucidating Collembola-seed interactions to advance seed bank management
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Collembola, commonly known as springtails, are soil microarthropods which play important roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and microbial interactions in agricultural systems. However, little research has assessed their direct interactions with plants. The few studies that have researched these direct interactions have found mixed effects of Collembola on germination and plant growth outcomes. This research aims to further investigate the role of Collembola in seed germination and early seedling development. Two complementary lab experiments were conducted using species in the Amaranthus family, spinach (crop) and waterhemp (weed), to explore the role of seed coat thickness in Collembola-seed interactions. We hypothesize that spinach, with its thick seed coat, would be stimulated by Collembola grazing without sustaining damage, whereas waterhemp, with its thin seed coat, would experience adverse effects, leading to physiological stress. The first experiment was conducted using deli cups lined with germination paper. The treatments included the two plant species and the Collembola Isotomiella minor at three abundance levels (none (0), low (15), and high (30)). Each treatment combination was replicated 5 times. For each plant species, ten seeds were randomly arranged in each deli cup and the Collembola treatments were added. Mesocosms were maintained in growth chambers at 24°C and deionized water was added as needed to maintain moisture. Germination was recorded after 5, 7, and 10 days. Both the spinach and waterhemp germination were not affected by the Collembola treatments. However, spinach had consistently high germination, whereas waterhemp had consistently low germination. The second experiment was conducted using transparent mesocosms filled with a transparent plant growing medium to simulate a 3-D soil structure. The treatments were the same as the experiment described previously. The sealed mesocosms were maintained in growth chambers at 24°C for four weeks. Germination was recorded 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after planting. Collembola interactions with the root systems were monitored using video and photographic recordings throughout the experiment. After four weeks, in mesocosms with true leaf development, plant leaves were measured for stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosystem II efficiency, and chlorophyll content. Each plant was then harvested, and aboveground and root biomass was collected, dried, and weighed. Overall, germination in the mesocosms was low for both spinach and waterhemp, and the Collembola treatments did not have any significant effects. Our initial findings suggest that seed coat thickness may not play a role in the outcomes of Collembola-seedling interactions.
Speakers
AJ

Ashley Jernigan

Assistant Professor, Virginia Tech
Co-authors
HB

Haylie Brown

Virginia Tech
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 5

5:15pm CDT

CITR 3 - The 'OLL-8' Sweet Orange Appears to be Relatively More HLB Tolerant Than Standard 'Valencia' and 'Hamlin' Budlines
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
The citrus industry in Florida has been decimated by huanglongbing (HLB), a disease vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid. Industry standard budlines of sweet orange in Florida have all been deemed susceptible to HLB and do not produce profitable yields at the vast majority of commercial groves. Symptoms of HLB include low yield, premature fruit drop, stunted growth, poor fruit and juice quality, blotchy mottle of leaf tissue, and eventual tree decline, dieback, and tree death. There is not yet a therapy or treatment that has cured this disease. A relatively new selection of sweet orange called 'OLL-8' has shown increased tolerance to HLB as measured by yield, fruit quality, tree growth and multispectral imaging metrics. The 'OLL' acronym represents the names of Orie and Louise Lee, who were citrus farmers in the State of Florida for decades. The 'OLL-8' sweet orange is a somaclone of the original 'OLL' tree that was found in St. Cloud, FL. Evidence of the enhanced tolerance of OLL-8 versus standard 'Valencia' and 'Hamlin' will be presented in the form of fruit and juice quality, yield, tree growth and size, and multispectral drone imagery data, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The 'OLL-8' sweet orange outperformed both conventional scions at multiple sites over multiple seasons in Polk County FL. Several drone flights were used to determine tree size and health over time. The results demonstrate the possibility of enhanced plant performance with the use of somaclonal variation in sweet orange in the HLB environment. More research is needed to confirm 'OLL-8' sweet orange's tolerance, and if confirmed, the biological mechanisms of this budline's tolerance could be elucidated for developing more HLB tolerant germplasm via conventional breeding or biotechnological methods.
Speakers
JC

John Chater

University of Florida
Co-authors
EW

Emily Worbington

University of Florida-IFAS CREC
JV

Joe Volpe

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Citrus Crops 3
  • Subject Citrus Crops
  • Funding Source USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) MultiState Specialty Crop Block Grant through the California Department of Food and Agriculture project number 19-1043-002-SF

5:15pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Microclimate Effects on Cranberry Fruit Rot and Quality
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton), commonly known as the large-fruited cranberry, is native to North America. Fruit quality remains a major challenge for cranberry growers, with the cranberry fruit rot (CFR) complex posing a significant threat. Cranberry fruit rot is associated with over a dozen taxonomically diverse fungi. In the northeastern United States, growers typically apply three to five fungicide treatments per growing season to manage CFR. Even with well-timed applications, growers often observe rot levels between 1% and 15%, or sometimes higher. When rot exceeds 12%, growers face financial penalties, and crops with more than 20% rot are often rejected by processors. Managing CFR has become increasingly difficult, particularly in high-yielding and newer cultivars. This challenge is further compounded by regulatory restrictions over the past decade on key fungicides such as chlorothalonil and mancozeb. As conventional control options decline, interest in alternative strategies continues to grow. However, the influence of microclimate, cultural practices, and plant physiological factors on CFR incidence and overall fruit quality remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated 22 cranberry bogs in Massachusetts over a three-year period (2021–2023) to elucidate the relationships among weather variables (temperature, humidity, growing degree days [GDD], soil moisture), plant traits (fruiting upright-to-total upright ratio, leaf area index [LAI], canopy height), cultural practices (fungicide choice and frequency), and fruit quality metrics (rot incidence, yield, anthocyanin content, and firmness). Statistical analyses included year-to-year comparisons, predictor-response modeling, and time-series evaluations to identify critical periods influencing fruit quality outcomes. Key findings indicate that interannual microclimatic variation significantly affects fruit quality. Temperature influenced anthocyanin accumulation throughout the growing season, while GDD accumulation influenced fruit yield. A higher fruiting upright ratio was associated with increased yield and firmness, while greater LAI correlated with higher anthocyanin content. Although fungicide choice and application frequency varied widely among participating bogs, a marked reduction in fruit rot and an increase in yield were observed with up to four fungicide applications; however, additional applications beyond this threshold did not result in further significant improvements. Notably, bog age did not have a significant effect on fruit quality. These findings highlight the need for integrated, site-specific strategies that combine environmental monitoring with targeted interventions to improve cranberry production and support long-term sustainability.
Speakers
avatar for Leela Uppala

Leela Uppala

UMass-Amherst
Leela grew up in a rural part of southern India. She received her B.S degree in Agriculture from Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University and M.S degree in Plant Pathology from Kerala Agricultural University in India. She received her Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from Auburn University... Read More →
Co-authors
GM

Giverson Mupambi

University of Massachusetts Amherst
MN

Michael Nelson

New Jersey Institute of Technology
NA
PJ

Peter Jeranyama

University of Massachusetts Amherst
SS

Salisu Sulley

University of Massachusetts-Amherst-Cranberry Station
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Strand 11B

5:15pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Pedigree analysis of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) indicates limited genetic diversity
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
As a native species in the southeastern U.S., rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) is known for its resilience to environmental stresses and adaptability to various soil types. Rabbiteye was the dominant species grown in the southern U.S. before the rise of southern highbush blueberries (V. corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids). Compared to southern highbush, rabbiteye cultivars are often perceived as seedy and have thick skin. Limited genetic diversity, compounded by repeated use of elite parents and decreased breeding efforts, poses challenges for rabbiteye improvement. To facilitate more efficient rabbiteye breeding in the future, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity of rabbiteye cultivars through pedigree analysis and evaluate the impact of interspecific hybridization on modern cultivars. The pedigree data of 180 rabbiteye blueberry accessions were analyzed to calculate inbreeding coefficients, coefficients of coancestry and the genetic contribution of founders. Five founders ‘Myers’, ‘Black Giant’, ‘Ethel’, ‘Clara’, and ‘W4’, collectively account for a minimum of 73% of the genetic composition of rabbiteye cultivars. The level of interspecific hybridization has been limited in rabbiteye breeding, with V. corymbosum contributing 3% of the genetic composition of rabbiteye cultivars and 1% from other species such as V. constablaei and V. darrowii. The narrow genetic base and repeated use of common parents led to an increase in inbreeding coefficients, from an average of less than 0.0002 before 1980 to 0.014 in the 2000s. In the future, it would be valuable to increase the use of exotic materials from other species or within the rabbiteye germplasm to broaden the genetic base while introducing valuable alleles. Further evaluation of population structure with genomic information is needed to validate pedigree information and provide a more accurate assessment of the genetic diversity and population structure.
Speakers
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
Co-authors
CH

Craig Hardner

University of Queensland
NA
DM

Dorrie Main

Washington State University
JC

Juliet Chu

University of Georgia
NA
RA

Roohollah Abdolshahi

Auburn University
NA
SJ

Sook Jung

Washington State University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Fruit Breeding 2
  • Subject Fruit Breeding
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Specialty Crop Research Initiative project award no. 2022-51181-38449 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

5:15pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Organic Aminoethoxyvinylglycine delays ripening pre-and postharvest on apples
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) is a plant growth regulator widely used in apple production to delay ethylene-mediated ripening and improve fruit quality. This has become a key tool for delaying ripening, optimizing harvest time, and reducing preharvest drop. The development of an organic AVG is key for organic apple production, where growers currently lack effective tools to delay ripening and manage fruit quality, both at harvest and postharvest. A new organic-compliant formulation, Retain® OL, was developed to meet the needs of the organic industry. To assess the potential of organic AVG, field trials were conducted over three seasons in commercial Gala and Honeycrisp orchards. Different application rates were tested, and fruit samples were collected at preharvest, harvest, and postharvest intervals. Fruit maturity and quality attributes including flesh firmness, skin color, Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD), starch index, total soluble solids (TSS), among others were measured. Postharvest evaluations continued for up to nine months in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. Retain® OL application effectively delayed fruit maturity in both Gala and Honeycrisp apples in a dose- and timing-dependent manner. Treated fruit exhibited higher firmness at harvest and after extended storage. IAD values were consistently improved, indicating a slower ripening process and delayed loss of chlorophyll. In Gala, red skin color development was maintained or enhanced, whereas Honeycrisp showed a slight reduction in coloration. The starch index was higher in the untreated control at both preharvest and harvest stages, indicating more advanced ripening. Total soluble solids (TSS) showed variable responses across seasons, influenced by treatment rate, timing, and cultivar. Depending on these factors, TSS levels were maintained, improved, or slightly reduced compared to the control. This study provides new insights into the pre- and postharvest effects of Retain® OL. Overall, organic AVG demonstrated benefits comparable to the conventional formulation, offering a valuable tool for harvest management in organic apple production. These findings support the integration of organic AVG into organic systems to enhance harvest flexibility, improve storability, and increase overall fruit marketability.
Speakers
IO

Isabel Ortega-Salazar

Washington State University
NA
Co-authors
CT

Carolina Torres

Washington State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Strand 12A

5:15pm CDT

PLAST - Beyond Disposal: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of End-of-Life Strategies for Agricultural Plastic Mulch
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
While agricultural plastic mulch significantly enhances crop yields, its widespread use generates substantial plastic waste, raising serious environmental concerns. Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration not only contribute to greenhouse gas emissions but also result in valuable resource losses. To address these challenges, this study performs a systematic life cycle assessment (LCA) comparing five end-of-life (EOL) strategies for polyethylene (PE) mulch films in strawberry cultivation: conventional landfilling, incineration, pyrolysis-based conversion, wood-plastic composite (WPC) production, and asphalt modification. A gate-to-gate LCA framework was adopted, with system boundaries spanning from on-farm mulch collection to final material or energy recovery. Environmental impacts were evaluated using the TRACI 2.1 methodology, encompassing global warming potential (GWP), cumulative energy demand, air/water pollution, land occupation, resource recovery efficiency, microplastic leakage risks, and human health impacts. Results reveal distinct trade-offs among the EOL pathways. Pyrolysis emerges as the optimal energy recovery strategy, reducing fossil fuel dependence by converting 85% of plastic waste into syngas while mitigating microplastic release. WPC production demonstrates superior material circularity, repurposing 92% of waste into durable construction materials with a 40-year service life. Asphalt modification offers the lowest GWP (1.2 kg CO₂-eq/kg plastic) and reduces virgin polymer demand by 30%, though its long-term microplastic leaching requires further investigation. In contrast, landfilling and incineration exhibit 60-75% higher life cycle emissions and fail to recover material value. This study provides the first comprehensive comparison of agricultural plastic waste management strategies that integrates both energy recovery and material upcycling paradigms. By extending traditional LCA boundaries to include microplastic pollution risks and long-term degradation effects, the findings offer actionable insights for policymakers to prioritize scalable, resource-efficient solutions that align with circular economy principles in agri-plastic management.
Speakers
avatar for Jianying Wang

Jianying Wang

Washington State University
Co-authors
LY

Liang Yu

Kentucky State University
NA
TC

Ting Chi

Washington State University
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Plasticulture
  • Subject Plasticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA SCRI 2022-51181-38325
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

5:15pm CDT

VCM 5 - Growth Rate and Yield of High Tunnel Grown Water Spinach (Ipomea aquatica) in Georgia, USA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) is leafy green vegetable that is routinely cultivated in Southeast Asia. Due to its aggressive growing habit and potential to become established in waterways, it has been classified as a federal noxious weed within the United States. However, recently, ethnic communities in the Atlanta, Georgia, USA metropolitan region have expressed an interest in being able to cultivate water spinach for local sale. The objective of this study was to develop recommendations for the establishment of growing degree day (GDD) estimates and yields for harvest for three planting periods for organic cultivation of two selections of water spinach in a high tunnel environment during the summer months in Watkinsville, Georgia USA. Selection 1 had a hastate leaf shape, while selection 2 had a more lanceolate leaf shape. Plantings were conducted on three dates (May, June, July) during summer 2023. Plots contained 36 plants and were arranged factorial randomized complete block design with four replicates with selection and planting date being the main effects. Once plants reached a marketable harvest size, the above-ground portions were cut near the plant base, which repeated during the growing season. Our results indicated that planting water spinach in May resulted in significantly greater yields compared to June and July plantings due to a greater number of harvests and biomass production at each harvest. Using a sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas) growth model, the GDD at harvest for the May planted water spinach were 390, 271, and 301 for the 7 Jul, 1 Aug and 26 Aug harvest periods, respectively. The rate of fresh weight biomass production for these harvests ranged from 41,469 kg ha-1 to 49,398 kg ha-1 for selection 1 and 24,266 kg ha-1 to 45,432 kg ha-1 for selection 2. Total Fresh weight biomass for all three harvests (7 Jul through 26 Aug) for the May plantings were 136,800-1 and 102,300 kg ha-1 for selections 1 and 2 respectively. July plantings had a greater GDD accumulation at harvest, but yields were significantly lower than earlier plantings. Our results suggest that water spinach could be successfully grown in high tunnels in Georgia, USA during the summer months. Further, while some plants did produce flowers, the chance for off-site movement of seeds and plant material was minimal as plants were confined to a high tunnel structure.
Speakers
TC

Timothy Coolong

University of Georgia
Co-authors
JC

Juan Carlos Diaz Perez

University of Georgia
NB

Nick Basinger

University of Georgia
NA
SB

Shelbie Bohensky

Universty of Georgia
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 5

5:30pm CDT

CITR 3 - Flavonoid–Nanoparticle–Hydrogel as a Functional Biomaterial for Delivery of Flavonoids from Citrus Biomass
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Industrial processing of citrus fruits produces tons of peel, pulp, and seeds as by-products. Although currently considered waste, these byproducts may be inexpensive sources of bioactive compounds. For example, mandarins (Citrus nobilis X Citrus deliciosa) are a potential source of flavonoid antioxidants. However, the metabolism of flavonoids in the gut limits their potential as nutritional supplements; colloidal delivery systems that protect flavonoids from metabolism may overcome this barrier. Here, we examined the flavonoid profile of mandarin peel. To this end, dried and pulverized peels were subjected to supercritical fluid extraction, and the extract contained 47.3±1.06 mg/ml rutin equivalents of total flavonoids. Mass spectral analysis revealed the predominance of polymethoxyflavones, chiefly tangeretin and nobiletin. We tested the pre-systemic metabolism of these flavonoids in an in vitro cell-free gastric environment and observed that nearly 50% of the flavonoids degraded within the first 2 hours of gastric exposure. To limit this, we nanoencapsulated flavonoids with polylactic-co-glycolic acid to a particle size of 200–250 nm. This monolayer nanoparticle system protected flavonoids in the gastric environment, allowing only 20% to be released in the first 2 h. To further protect the flavonoids, we constructed a bilayered delivery system by embedding the nanoencapsulated flavonoids in alginate hydrogels. This achieved 100% protection from pre-systemic release of flavonoids. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy showed that the nanoencapsulated flavonoids were well encapsulated in the dense pockets of alginate hydrogel. The monolayered and bilayered systems protected the flavonoids and either could be used for functional foods, depending upon the intended application and format (for example, as a liquid-flavonoid PLGA nanoparticles or a solid formulation- nanoparticle infused hydrogel). Kinetic modeling was studied in order to depict the mechanism of release behind the delivery vehicles and it was found that the Korsmeyer–Peppas model was the best fit for monolayered system and the Higuchi model as suitable fit for the bilayered system, the difference being in the mechanism of release i.e., Fickian diffusion for the monolayered system and Supercase II transport mechanism for bilayered system. This work underpins the role of carriers in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, in addition to the importance of extracting valuable bioactives from waste, thereby leading to sustainable valorization.
Speakers
NK

Niharika Kaushal

Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University
Co-authors
BP

Bhimanagouda Patil

Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University
NA
MS

Minni Singh

India, Punjabi University
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

5:30pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Applications of the Laisk Method for Understanding Intraspecies Variation in Ci* and RL in Apple (Malus spp.) Rootstocks
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
The balance between photosynthetic carbon fixation and leaf respiration drives our expectations of crop performance. The Laisk method is a technique used to estimate the CO2 concentration in the intercellular air space when Rubisco’s oxygenation velocity is inferred to be twice its carboxylation velocity (Ci*) and leaf respiration in the light (RL). These parameters serve as the basis for understanding leaf carbon dynamics at the physiological level and can also be incorporated into global carbon models. While Ci* and RL estimates have been well characterized in model plant species, there is a paucity of information available for horticultural crops. Further, intraspecies variation in these parameters has not been explored. We used the Laisk method to estimate Ci* and RL in three apple rootstock genotypes—G65, G11 and B10. The Laisk method was conducted in the steady-state along with chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to fit the solar induced fluorescence (SIF) model for estimating rates of net assimilation (An). In addition, the Laisk method was conducted in the nonsteady-state using the Dynamic Assimilation Technique (DAT). We found there were no statistically significant differences between genotypes nor technique used for the Laisk method when estimating Ci* and RL across the three genotypes. The findings of this study suggest that Ci* and RL values are conserved within species, the SIF model accurately predicts An for Laisk method data, and the DAT can be used to reliably estimate Ci* and RL.
Speakers
GE

Griffin Erich

Cornell University
NA
Co-authors
JL

Jason Londo

Cornell University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Strand 11B

5:30pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Insights from Chromosome Painting in wide Vitis x Muscadinia Hybrids
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
The development of Vitis × Muscadinia (V x M) wide hybrids, combining the disease resistance of muscadines (M. rotundifolia) with the berry quality attributes of V. vinifera grapes has be en a longstanding ambition of breeders. Stenospermocarpic seedless muscadine hybrids and wine grapes carrying powdery and downy mildew resistance introgressed from muscadines have been developed using classical techniques without the assistance of molecular tools through sustained effort over a century. However, progress has been impeded by differences in chromosome number (Vitis=38 chromosomes and Muscadinia=40 chromosomes) and genetic distance between the subgenera. A major objective of the new Vitis x Muscadinia Specialty Crop Research Initiative project is to develop and deploy new genotyping platforms and chromosome painting visualization tools to help grape and muscadine breeders track introgressed chromosomal regions in wide hybrids and accelerate trait discovery and cultivar development in new V x M hybrids. In order to develop a chromosome-painting visualization tool for V x M hybrids, we first conducted a large-scale population diversity analysis using historical data from the rhAmpSeq Vitis core panel. Structure analysis was performed to identify individuals belonging to Muscadinia and five additional subpopulations within subgenus Vitis. Approximately 33,000 marker haplotypes were identified as unique to Muscadinia and 671,000 haplotypes were identified as present only in Vitis. This haplotype information was used to create automated chromosome painting visualizations of introgressed segments in historical and modern V x M hybrids. These visualizations allow us to identify which Vitis-type hybrids carry muscadine introgressions in known resistance loci on chromosomes 12 (Run1/Rpv1), 18 (Run2/Rpv2), and 14 (Ren5) and which Muscadinia-type hybrids have introgressions associated with stenospermocarpy and other fruit-quality alleles from Vitis. This information will assist grape and muscadine breeders in planning crosses and discovering new disease resistance and fruit quality alleles. In the coming months, we intend to extend this strategy to a new low-cost DArTag genotyping panel that has been designed to amplify polymorphic markers in both subgenera. Breeders will then be able to rapidly assess which chromosomal regions and major-effect fruit quality and disease resistance alleles are present in a homozygous or heterozygous state in all new V × M hybrids.
Speakers
MW

Margaret Worthington

University of Arkansas
Co-authors
CZ

Cheng Zou

Cornell University
NA
DW

Dustin Wilkerson

Cornell University
NA
IV

Isabella Vaughn

University of Arkansas
QS

Qi Sun

Cornell University
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Fruit Breeding 2
  • Subject Fruit Breeding
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA Award # 2024-51181-43236
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

5:30pm CDT

PLAST - Two-Year Evaluation of Biodegradable Plastic Mulches for Winter Strawberry Production in Florida: Mulch Deterioration, Plant Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) have been introduced as a sustainable alternative to polyethylene (PE) mulches, which can contribute to plastic contamination and incur high removal and disposal costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and suitability of BDMs for winter strawberry production in Florida. We conducted field experiments using ‘Florida Brilliance’ short-day strawberry during the 2023–2024 (Season 1) and 2024–2025 (Season 2) winter seasons in West Central Florida. Five mulch treatments were evaluated: black PE mulch, black Mater-Bi® BDM (black MB–BDM), black Ecovio® BDM (black EV–BDM), white Mater-Bi® BDM (white MB–BDM), and white Ecovio® BDM (white EV–BDM ). Mater-Bi® is primarily starch-based but also contains polyester resins such as polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polycaprolactone. By contrast, Ecovio® is predominantly resin-based, comprising PBAT, polylactic acid, and other biodegradable polymers. The film thickness was 27.9 μm for the black PE and 22.9 μm for all BDMs. Season-dependent trends were observed in some results. In Season 1, all BDMs exhibited minimal deterioration with only minor tearing, and there was no significant difference in marketable yield compared to the black PE. In Season 2, all BDMs developed splits or tears within a month after transplanting, with the black EV–BDM and both white BDMs showing higher deterioration rates than the black PE. Orthogonal contrast analysis was used to assess BDM performance based on color and composition. Compared to the black PE, marketable yield was reduced by 28% for the black BDMs (34.0 vs. 26.5 t·ha–1) and by 8% for the white BDMs (34.0 vs. 31.3 t·ha–1). The white BDMs produced 18% higher yield than the black BDMs (31.3 vs. 26.5 t·ha–1), whereas no significant difference was found between the MB–BDMs and the EV–BDMs (28.8 vs. 29.1 t·ha–1). Soluble solid content remained unaffected by mulch treatment across both seasons and all growth stages. These results suggest that the performance of BDMs depends on seasonal weather conditions, mulch color, and composition, presenting challenges for commercial adoption. Enhancing the reliability and adoption of BDMs may require optimization of color, material composition, and film thickness.
Speakers
avatar for Hadi Ghasemi

Hadi Ghasemi

PhD Graduate Assistant, University of Florida
🌱 Passionate about CEA. 🪻 Love saffron and have expertise in growing it. 🍓 Strawberry physiology and photosynthesis.
Co-authors
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
NB

Nathan Boyd

University of Florida
NA
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Foster 2

5:45pm CDT

EcoPhys 2 - Diversity in Canopy Architecture and its Effect on Light Interception in Southern Highbush Blueberry
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:45pm - 6:00pm CDT
Southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids) cultivars exhibit diverse canopy architectures. Plant architecture phenes influence light interception in other plant species. However, the relationship between canopy architecture and light interception is still poorly understood in southern highbush blueberry. We evaluated 29 genotypes, including cultivars and breeding selections from the University of Florida Blueberry Breeding and Genomics program. Plants were grown under commercial conditions in Citra, FL. We employed photogrammetry, field measurements, and a plant canopy analyzer to measure canopy density, canopy volume, base angle, and plant height in four plants per genotype. We found that genotypes differed in all measured phenes. Intercepted PAR in the bottom of the canopy varied among genotypes according to their plant architecture. Taller, wider, and denser genotypes received less light in the bottom of the canopy than shorter, narrower, and more sparse ones. We used principal component analysis to assess the relative contributions of each plant architecture phene to intercepted PAR. Canopy density and volume strongly contributed to intercepted PAR. These results suggest that plant architecture could be optimized, through breeding and agronomic practices, to maximize photosynthetic light interception in southern highbush blueberry.
Speakers
MZ

Md Zohurul Kadir Roni

University of Florida
Co-authors
GN

Gerardo Nunez

University of Florida
PM

Patricio Munoz

University of Florida
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:45pm - 6:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

5:45pm CDT

FRBR 2 - Finding Gene Locations Influencing Citrus Leaf Morphology Using Genome Wide Association
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:45pm - 6:00pm CDT
Citrus leaves exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, yet the genetic underpinnings of this variation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture controlling citrus leaf shape by performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on over 3,000 digitized leaves collected from 150 citrus varieties across two years (2021 and 2022). Using a 50K SNP Axiom array, we identified consistent genomic regions on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, and 7 that were significantly associated with leaf length, width, and area. Linkage disequilibrium patterns within these regions revealed variability, and gene ontology enrichment indicated that genes involved in cell division, photosynthesis, and transcriptional regulation are overrepresented. Our results highlight the strong and heritable basis of leaf morphology in citrus and suggest that regulatory mechanisms play a major role in shaping these traits. This work provides key insights into the genetic control of leaf form and has potential implications for citrus breeding and functional genomics.
Speakers
RT

Ryan Traband

UC Riverside
Co-authors
XW

Xuesong Wang

UC Riverside
NA
ZJ

Zhenyu Jia

UC Riverside
NA
Thursday July 31, 2025 5:45pm - 6:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

6:00pm CDT

Trivia Night/Competition Award Ceremony
Thursday July 31, 2025 6:00pm - 7:30pm CDT
Don't miss this fun event!

Test your horticultural knowledge against other teams for a night of fun and camaraderie! 4 players per team allowed. You can join as a team, or sign up as an individual and we will team you up. https://forms.gle/3WptLLMCxm1ATtn78

Awards for the student and early career competitions will be presented between rounds of trivia.
Thursday July 31, 2025 6:00pm - 7:30pm CDT
Empire AB
 


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