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Wednesday, July 30
 

7:00am CDT

Speaker Ready Room
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 1

7:30am CDT

Extension Division Breakfast
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:30am - 9:30am CDT
Advance registration and ticket purchase required.

Heat, Humidity and Habaneros: Gulf Coast Gardening is for the Brave (and Sweaty)
Speaker: Dr. Gary Bachman

Gary R. Bachman is well known as the host of Mississippi State University Extension Service's award-winning Southern Gardening television, newspaper, radio, and social media franchise. Through his personal, conversational style, Dr. Bachman has made a tremendous impact on consumers of horticultural products and services in Mississippi and across the Southeast.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:30am - 9:30am CDT
Bolden 6

7:30am CDT

Registration Open
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:30am - 5:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:30am - 5:00pm CDT
Empire Ballroom Foyer

7:59am CDT

CE 3 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
ML

Makenzie Lee

Colorado State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 12B

7:59am CDT

CHEX 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AW

Annette Wszelaki

University of Tennessee
Annette Wszelaki is a Professor and the Commercial Vegetable Extension Specialist at the University of Tennessee. She has statewide responsibilities for developing a comprehensive educational program in commercial vegetable production. The main focuses of her extension program include... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 12A

7:59am CDT

HSMP 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AR

Abishkar Regmi

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas Tech University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 11B

7:59am CDT

LOCSY 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Strand 11A

7:59am CDT

VCM 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
IJ

Israel Joukhadar

New Mexico State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Foster 1

7:59am CDT

VGBR 1 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
CA

Carlos Avila

Texas A&M University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 7:59am - 8:00am CDT
Foster 2

8:00am CDT

CE 3 - Optimizing Basil Growth Through Incremental Light Intensity and Photoperiod Adjustments in a Controlled Setting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Genovese) is a highly valued and economically important herb with high culinary and medicinal qualities. Light intensity and photoperiod are the most influential environmental parameters affecting its growth, morphology, and biomass production under controlled environments. This study aims to evaluate the impact of gradually increasing light intensity and photoperiod on the growth and yield of basil while the total daily integral was the same at the end of cultivation. Four different treatments were used: (T1) constant light intensity (300 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and constant 16 h photoperiod (Control), (T2) constant light intensity with an increasing photoperiod (14 -16 -18 h), (T3) constant photoperiod (16 h) with an increasing light intensity (200 - 300 - 400 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), and (T4) both dynamic light intensity and photoperiod increasing over time. The treatments were applied for 24 days in a growth chamber equipped with a drip hydroponic system, and the treatment dynamic changes were implemented every 8 days. Plants grown under increasing photoperiod and light intensity (T4) exhibited better morphological characteristics, more significant biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weight), and light use efficiency, measured as the proportion of light absorbed by PS II used in biochemistry than the other treatments. The results emphasize the relevance of adaptive lighting to optimize basil growth in indoor farming. Dynamic optimization of lighting can increase the utilization efficiency of light with positive implications for vertical farming and hydroponics cultivation. Future studies should explore the nutritional and olfactory profile to refine adaptive lighting approaches for vertical farming and hydroponic systems. Keywords: Basil, dynamic lighting, photoperiod, indoor farming, biomass accumulation, hydroponics.
Speakers
NA

Nazmin Akter

University of California, Davis
Co-authors
LC

Laura Cammarisano

University of California, Davis
NA
MS

MD SHAMIM AHAMED

University of California, Davis
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 12B

8:00am CDT

CHEX 2 - Delicata Squash Cultivar Trials in the Southeast
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Cultivar trials are important to ensure that growers have up-to-date information on crop performance, including yield, disease and insect resistance, environmental adaptation, and quality for their region. Crops with lesser planted acreage are often overlooked, as cultivar trials can be expensive, time consuming, and labor intensive. Winter squash is commonly grown in Tennessee and North Carolina, with over 300 and 700 acres grown, respectively; however, there is little cultivar trial information available for many types of winter squash, such as delicata squash. Delicata squash (Cucurbita pepo ssp. texana) is a winter squash originating from North and Central America. This squash can have a vining or bush habit and typically cylindrical fruit that is buff color with green stripes. It is a customer favorite due to its thin, edible skin, for which it’s named, and sweet flavor. The objective of this trial was to compare the yield, fruit characteristics, disease resistance, and storage life of 10 cultivars of delicata squash. The cultivars evaluated were: ‘Bush Delicata,’ ‘Sweet Dumpling,’ ‘Sugar Loaf,’ ‘Honey Boat,’ ‘Candystick Dessert,’ ‘Zeppelin,’ ‘Jester,’ ‘Delicata JS,’ ‘Sweet Lightning,’ and ‘Ugly Dumpling.’ The trials were conducted in Crossville, TN and Waynesville, NC. Squash were direct seeded in 18-foot plots with 3 feet between plants and 6 feet between rows, with four replications per cultivar. Powdery mildew was rated on a 0-5 scale with 0 indicating no powdery mildew and 5 indicating that all plants were symptomatic. Yield calculations were based on 2,418 plants per acre. ‘Delicata JS’ had the highest yield (15,500 lbs. ac-1) and most marketable fruit but also had the highest number of unmarketable fruit. ‘Ugly Dumpling’ also had a high yield but had the highest incidence of powdery mildew. ‘Zeppelin’ had the lowest incidence of powdery mildew. All cultivars tested had a shelf-life of four weeks in cold storage.
Speakers
AW

Annette Wszelaki

University of Tennessee
Annette Wszelaki is a Professor and the Commercial Vegetable Extension Specialist at the University of Tennessee. She has statewide responsibilities for developing a comprehensive educational program in commercial vegetable production. The main focuses of her extension program include... Read More →
Co-authors
BK

Brooke Keadle Emery

University of Tennessee
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 12A

8:00am CDT

HSMP 2 - Production Potential of Virginia Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) in North Alabama
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Herbal products with an estimated global market of $10.7 Billion in 2023 continue to gain popularity as health supplements. A lack of adapted, high yielding varieties, and production technology are major limiting factors for commercial production of ready-market herbs. The objective of this research was to address these limitations, and in the process develop production practices for a high-value multiple use herb, Virginia mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) that can be easily grown in North Alabama, USA. Mountain mint is used in the medicinal and confectionery industries and could serve as an alternative to pepper mint. Four Virginia mountain mint varieties were evaluated for growth and essential oil content and composition using replicated field trials. The greenhouse-grown plants of the four varieties, (M1, M2, M3 and M4) were transplanted onto raised beds, covered with plastic mulch with drip irrigation tubing underneath in mid-May, and grown using organic production methods. The crops were harvested at 135 (H1), 155 (H2), and 170 (H3) days after planting (DAP) to determine growth, biomass, essential oil yield, and composition. The chemical compositions of essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Two of the four mountain mint varieties with high biomass showed consistently high yield potential in North Alabama. They were rich in isomenthone concentrations, which increased dramatically from 20% to 69% as the season advanced, whereas pulegone and thymol tended to decrease. The essential oil components varied with varieties and with time. The two mountain varieties with desirable essential oil composition offer potential for production as high-value medicinal crop in North Alabama.
Speakers Co-authors
LD

Lam Duong

Texas A
NA
TP

Trang Pham

Alabama A
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 11B

8:00am CDT

LOCSY 2 - Healthy Harvest: Outcomes from a Local Food, Health and Wellness Pilot Program
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Background: Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs have been found to promote numerous positive health and nutrition behaviors, including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and increased knowledge and self-efficacy in cooking skills. The CSA model can capitalize on this fact by connecting with institutional health and wellness programs. Employers and health insurance companies have funds to support employee wellness and are increasingly interested in programs that focus on the connection between high-quality, nutrient dense foods and health and wellness. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a workplace-based local food health and wellness educational curriculum that was tailored to CSA members. Methods: Family and consumer sciences Extension educators enrolled participants (n=41) in the pilot program in two counties in Florida. The educational curriculum had 6 modules that were delivered bi-weekly over 12 weeks. Each module paired a nutritional topic with local food. Nutrition topics included US dietary guidelines, menu planning, healthy cooking, fruits, vegetables, proteins, whole grains, and legumes. Local food topics included the economic importance of buying local food, ways to purchase local food, seasonal cooking, and regional food specialties. The program had both an in-person and online component, and included fact sheets, educational lectures, and on-farm videos of farmers explaining local crops. Researchers used a matched pre- and post-test design which used theory of planned behavior to assess participants’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions to purchase local food. The National Cancer Institute’s Short Fruit and Vegetable Screener was used to assess dietary changes. Wellness was assess using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Health-Related Quality of Life survey. Results: Participants significantly increased their fruit (p= 0.003) and vegetable (p=0.003) consumption. Participants had significant improvements in wellness indicators, including fewer days that pain limited their activity (p= 0.001), they experienced anxiety (p= 0.015), they felt sad (p=
Speakers
CC

Catherine Campbell

University of Florida
Catherine Campbell, PhD, MPH, is Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist of Community Food Systems in the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences at University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). She conducts social science research... Read More →
Co-authors
AW

Annie Wallau

University of Florida
NA
CG

Cody Gusto

University of Florida
NA
WW

Wendy Wood

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Strand 11A

8:00am CDT

VCM 2 - Optimizing the transplanting date and density for Carolina strongback grafted watermelon nursery
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Grafting is an effective management strategy in watermelon crop against soil borne pathogens. Carolina strongback (SB) rootstock used for grafting, is resistant to both fusarium wilt and root knot nematodes which are devastating soil borne pest of watermelon. Recent experiments have shown that SB grafted plant have higher plant vigour and bear fruits 7-10 days later than regulate plants leading to farmers losing early profitable watermelon market. Similarly, grafted watermelon nursery is 4-5 times more expensive than regular nursery which leads to reluctance among growers for adoption of this effective management strategy. To fill these gaps for informed adoption of SB grafted nursery, a field experiment was conducted at Blackville SC. The experiment comprised of three transplanting times (April 1, 10 and 20) and four transplant densities (1800 non-grafted, 1800, 1550 and 1300 grafted plants/acre) in a split plot design. The highest plant vigour rating was observed in SB grafted nursery at 1800, 1550 and 1300 plants/acre as compared to 1800 non-grafted plants/acre. April1 and April 10 recorded the highest fruit yield at first harvest as compared to April 20 transplanting. Similar fruit yield was observed for different transplanting times and density at second, third and fourth picks. Transplanting of SB grafted plants at 1300 plants/acre recorded the highest total fruit yield as compared 1800 and 1550 grafted and 1800 non-grafted plants/acre. Highest gross and net returns were observed in 1300 grafted plants/acre as compared to 1800, 1550 grafted and 1800 non-grafted plants/acre. The experiment will be repeated in 2025 to collect two years of data.
Speakers
BJ

Bhupinder Jatana

Assistant Professor -Horticulture, Clemson University
Co-authors
TS

Tom Sanders III

Clemson University
NA
YN

Yefan Nian

Clemson Unviersity
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 2

8:00am CDT

VGBR 1 - Association mapping of Fruit Quality traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Tomato fruit quality is directly related to marketability and consumer appeal. Unfortunately, consumers are increasingly discontent with the flavor and quality of the product they are purchasing and requesting tomatoes with improved flavor, aroma, texture, and appearance making it a high priority for breeding programs. Traditionally, the selection for fruit quality traits in breeding programs has been done using conventional phenotyping approaches, in which large populations need to be screened. Although this approach has resulted in the release of high quality-high yielding cultivars, it is very time-consuming, delaying cultivar release. An alternative approach to improve breeding efficiency involves the use of modern molecular breeding techniques. In this study, a diverse panel of 305 tomato genotypes, including 284 tomato breeding lines developed by Texas A
Speakers
CA

Carlos Avila

Texas A&M University
Co-authors
DK

Devi Kandel

Langston University
KC

Kevin Crosby

Texas A
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 8:15am CDT
Foster 2

8:00am CDT

Managing Heat Stress: Impacts on Fruit Yield and Quality, and Strategies for Mitigation (Interest Group Session)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 10:00am CDT
This session is being co-sponsored by Viticulture and Small Fruits (VSF) and American Pomological Society (APS)

As climate conditions continue to shift, heat stress poses a significant challenge to fruit production, affecting both yield and quality. This session will explore the physiological and biochemical responses of fruit crops to extreme temperatures, highlighting the key impacts on growth, composition, and overall marketability. Experts will discuss innovative mitigation strategies, including vineyard, berry, and orchard management techniques aimed at reducing heat stress impacts. Attendees will gain insights into practical, science-based approaches to safeguard fruit production in the face of increasing heat stress.

Speakers:
  • Lee Kalcsits Associate Professor, Tree Fruit Physiology Endowed Chair of Tree Fruit Environmental Physiology and Management Programmatic Lead, Wenatchee Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Washington State University, Department of Horticulture 
  • Lisa Wasko DeVetter Associate Professor, Small Fruit Horticulture Department of Horticulture College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Washington State University NWREC
  •  Everett P. Layton Ashmore, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Researcher Department of Viticulture and Enology College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Dave Bryla Research Horticulturist USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Production and Genetic Improvement Research Unit, Corvallis, OR
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 10

8:00am CDT

Exhibit Hall Hours - Wednesday
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 2:00pm CDT
Exhibit Hall Empire AB

8:00am CDT

A/V Room
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
6' tables on the perimeter; 2 chair (total placed in the room)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 2

8:00am CDT

Committee Meetings
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 7

8:00am CDT

HortLegends Interviews
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 6

8:00am CDT

ASHS Office
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:00am - 5:00pm CDT
Bolden 1

8:15am CDT

CE 3 - Air and Hydroponic Nutrition Solution Temperature Influences Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity of Greenhouse Grown 'Nufar' Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a widely cultivated culinary and medicinal herb valued for its aroma, flavor, and nutraceutical properties. During hydroponic greenhouse production, precise regulation of air and nutrient solution temperatures plays a crucial role in enhancing yield and nutritional quality. Basil's inherent sensitivity to temperature makes it crucial to optimize these factors, as they have a significant impact on its bioactive metabolite profile. This study aimed to determine the impact of air and nutrient solution temperature on bioactive metabolites in hydroponically grown sweet basil to maximize accumulation. In a greenhouse sweet basil ‘Nufar’ were propagated in ebb-and-flow hydroponic systems for two weeks then transplanted into deep-water culture hydroponic systems and grown for three weeks. Air temperatures ranged from 20 to 30°C with a 5°C difference in day and night temperature and deep-water culture nutrient solution temperatures ranged from 15 to 35°C. At harvest, total phenolics (TPs), total flavonoids (TFs), and antioxidant activity including ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were measured. Air and nutrient solution temperature interacted to influence all parameters measured, with nutrient solution temperature exerting a greater influence on metabolite accumulation and antioxidant activity than air temperature. As air temperature increased from 20.3 to 28.5°C, TPs and TFs decreased by 40% and 58%, respectively, while ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant activity decreased by 18%, 67%, and 53%, respectively. Similarly, increasing the nutrient solution temperature from 14.6 to 24.9°C resulted in a 76%, 87%, and 84% decline in TPs, TFs, and FRAP antioxidant activity, respectively. A greater increase in nutrient solution temperature from 14.6 to 30.0 and 32.3°C led to a 95% reduction in DPPH and 57% reduction in ABTS antioxidant activity, respectively. Thus, if enhancing phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of sweet basil ‘Nufar’ is a primary production goal, maintaining an air temperature of ~23°C and a low nutrient solution temperature of ~14°C is an effective strategy.
Speakers
PR

Protiva Rani Das

University of Tenneessee, Knoxville
Co-authors
CB

Conlan Burbrink

University of Tennessee - Knoxville
NA
KW

Kellie Walters

University of Tennessee, Knoxville
NA
NT

Nathan Tucker

University of Tennessee, Knoxville
NA
SG

Spencer Givens

University of Tennessee, Knoxville
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 3
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Specialty Crop Research Initiative, project award no. 2022-51181-38331, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

8:15am CDT

CHEX 2 - Multistate Evaluation of Heat-Resistant Broccoli Cultivars for Spring Production in the Eastern United States
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Spring broccoli production in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States has become increasingly vulnerable to high temperatures and variable rainfall. To address this challenge, a multistate trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of eight broccoli cultivars across seven states (NC, VA, GA, AL, MA, MI, IN). The objectives were to assess plant growth and yield performance under heat stress and to determine cultivar-specific normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) thresholds that could predict marketable yield. Each trial site implemented a completely randomized block design with four replications and standardized plot dimensions (30 plants per plot in double rows on black plastic mulch). Fertility and irrigation were managed according to site-specific recommendations and monitored through soil testing and evapotranspiration estimates. UAV-based RGB and multispectral imagery was collected biweekly (4–12 weeks after transplanting) at midday under clear-sky conditions. Soil samples, weather data, and pest control measures were recorded at each location. Results showed that each cultivar exhibited a distinct NDVI profile correlated with crown greenness and morphology. Cultivars such as ‘Eastern Magic’ and ‘Green Magic’ maintained acceptable head quality and yield despite elevated temperatures, suggesting suitability for late spring planting. The use of NDVI imaging proved to be a promising tool for identifying cultivar vigor and optimizing management decisions during periods of heat stress.
Speakers
ET

Emmanuel Torres Quezada

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
BP

Benjamin Phillips

Michigan State University
NA
JL

Jianyu Li

University of Massachusetts
NA
MR

Mark Reiter

Virginia Tech
NA
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
TQ

Tomas Quezada Baez

North Carolina State University
WG

Wenjing Guan

Purdue University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 12A

8:15am CDT

HSMP 2 - Cold Brew U.S.-Grown Specialty Teas Offer Unique Characteristics in Comparison to an Imported Brand Name Tea
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Specialty tea made from Camellia sinensis has gained popularity in the U.S. This sensory evaluation study was conducted to understand consumer acceptance and preferences for cold brewed U.S.-grown black tea. Six cold brew black tea samples were evaluated: five from U.S. growers (‘Big Easy’, ‘Black Magnolia’, ‘Hawaii Black Assamica’, ‘Hawaii Black Sinensis’, ‘Summer Black’) and one from Taiwan (‘Sun
Speakers
YC

Yan Chen

LSU AgCenter
Co-authors
WP

Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Louisiana State University
NA
ZX

Zhimin Xu

Louisiana State University School of Nutrition and Food Sciences
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Herbs; Spices and Medicinal Plants 2

8:15am CDT

LOCSY 2 - Produce Waste Dominates Household Food Waste: Results from a Citizen Science Study
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Background: In the US, roughly one-third of food is wasted, with 37% of that waste occurring in homes. EPA estimates households discard 6.5 pounds weekly. Household food waste is difficult to study because it occurs in the privacy of homes. Citizen science is a research method that enlists community members to collect in real-world conditions in contexts that researchers do not have access. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to collect primary data on households food waste, the primary reasons people generate food waste, the types of packaging households typically discard, and individuals’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about food waste. Methods: A total of 159 citizen scientists (86 Alachua County, 73 Sarasota County) recorded data on their household food waste for 14 days, including recording the total daily weight, types of food discarded, types of food packaging discarded, and reasons for food and packaging waste. Results: A total of 3,823 pounds of compostable food waste was discarded by citizen scientists in two-week period. Households in our study discarded more than 14 pounds of food waste per week, more than double EPA estimates. Fruits and vegetables are the food groups that create the most food waste, with an average of 2.7 servings of fruit and 8.5 servings of vegetables discarded per household over the two-week period. Dinner yielded the most food waste, with household having an average of 36 servings of food wasted at dinner. More than 90% of participants rely on date labels to determine if food is safe to eat, 86% discarded food because it was “old,” and 69% discarded food because of blemishes/damage. Discussion: This multi-county citizen science study provides an initial look at the sources of food and packaging waste in Florida households, and highlights opportunities for future Educational programs focused on how to store and prepare fresh produce could reduce the largest source of household food waste to help address this global problem at the household level.
Speakers
CC

Catherine Campbell

University of Florida
Catherine Campbell, PhD, MPH, is Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist of Community Food Systems in the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences at University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). She conducts social science research... Read More →
Co-authors
CG

Cody Gusto

University of Florida
NA
ZB

Ziynet Boz

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Local Food Systems 2
  • Subject Local Food Systems
  • Funding Source This research was a part of the Integrated Food Waste Measurement and Predictions Supported by Agent-Based Models (IFWASTE) research project funded by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research and U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project #1023901.

8:15am CDT

VCM 2 - Evaluating Rootstock for Fresh Market Tomato Yield, Quality and Sustainability
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Evaluating Rootstock for Fresh Market Tomato Yield, Quality and Sustainability Tsedeniya Getahun, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Collin Auwarter Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University Fresh market tomatoes are widely grown by specialty crop producers in North Dakota due to their profitability in the fresh market/local foods segment. However, with North Dakota's short growing season, growers often use high-tunnels for season extension to protect the crop from early and late frost events. Unfortunately, tomato plants often face numerous soil and disease challenges due to limited growing space in the high tunnel. Inadequate leaching of soluble salts in the soil and limited crop rotation contributes to salt and disease inoculum buildup in the soil that threatens the health of tomato plants and may cause serious losses in high tunnels. This two-year project with the first year completed in 2024, aims to evaluate the improvement of tomato production by grafting an heirloom, fresh market and paste tomato cultivar with excellent fruit quality characteristics onto rootstocks that are resistant to various abiotic/biotic stresses under high tunnel production. Tomato scion ‘Bigboy’, ‘Brandywine’ and ‘San Marzano’ (indeterminate), and ‘BHN 589’ (determinate) were grafted on to six rootstocks: ‘Arnold’ (generative), ‘DR0141TX’ (generative and vegetative), ‘Estamino’ (generative), ‘Fortimino’ (vegetative), ‘Maxifort’ (generative) and ‘Multifort’ (generative). Scion selection significantly influenced marketable yield, whereas rootstock had no significant impact. This effect was observed in ‘Big Boy’ but not in ‘San Marzano’ or ‘Brandywine’. ‘Big Boy’ grafted onto ‘Multifort’ or ‘Fortamino’ produced the highest marketable yield, followed by ‘Arnold’, Maxifort’, and ‘DR014TX’, with the lowest yield observed in non-grafted Big Boy’. ‘DR0141TX’ and ‘Multifort’ increased stem diameter and San Marzano tomatoes grafted onto Maxifort, Multifort, and Fortamino had the tallest plants. The trial will continue for another year to further evaluate the benefits of grafting for high tunnel tomato production in North Dakota.
Speakers
TG

Tsedeniya Getahun

North Dakota State University
Co-authors
CA

Collin Auwarter

North Dakota State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Foster 1

8:15am CDT

VGBR 1 - Identification of resistance loci for Septoria leaf spot in tomatoes
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Septoria Leaf Spot (SLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Septoria lycopersici, is a highly destructive foliar disease affecting tomatoes. SLS is most severe in the Northeast USA and North Carolina during periods of high humidity and elevated temperatures, which can lead to catastrophic yield loss. No quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with SLS resistance have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map the QTL related to SLS resistance in tomatoes. An F2:4 mapping population consisting of 189 individuals derived from NC123S (susceptible) x Wisconsin 55 (moderately resistant) was assessed under both field and greenhouse conditions through artificial inoculation with a spore concentration of 15.3 x 10^4/mL at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Mills River, NC, and Mountain Research Station, Waynesville, NC. The population was genotyped using the SPET (single primer enrichment technology) Allegro targeted genotyping method. SPET-derived SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) molecular markers were used to construct a linkage map spanning 3810.2 cM. QTL analysis identified 12 QTLs associated with SLS resistance, including two major effects and ten minor effects, typical for at least two environments identified across the genome, explaining phenotypic variation (R² value) ranging from 3.7% to 13.5%. These results demonstrate that the genetic control of SLS resistance is polygenic. This study may provide a foundation for understanding the genetics of SLS resistance and marker-assisted selection (MAS) for transferring SLS resistance genes into elite tomato breeding lines.
Speakers
DP

Dilip Panthee

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
JB

Jackie Blume

North Carolina State University
NA
MI

Muhammad Irfan Siddique

North Carolina State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:15am - 8:30am CDT
Foster 2

8:30am CDT

CE 3 - Untargeted Volatilomics of 'Nufar' Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Under Varying Greenhouse Air and Hydroponic Nutrition Solutions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Basil (Ocimum spp.) is a widely cultivated aromatic herb known for its culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications. The composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that give basil their characteristic aroma and flavor is greatly influenced by environmental conditions, particularly temperature. Hydroponic cultivation in greenhouses allows precise control over air and nutrient solution temperatures, providing an optimized system for studying the effects of temperature on VOC profiles. This study investigated the effect of air and nutrient solution temperature on sweet basil volatilomes. An untargeted volatilomics approach was used to characterize key volatile compounds in sweet basil influenced by the temperature during hydroponic production. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Nufar’) were propagated in ebb-and-flow hydroponic systems for two weeks then transplanted into deep-water culture hydroponic systems and grown for three weeks. Air temperatures ranged from 20 to 30°C with a 5°C difference in day and night temperature, and deep-water culture nutrient solution temperatures ranged from 15 to 35°C. At harvest, VOCs from leaf extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 86 volatile compounds were identified across all treatments, encompassing aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acids, aromatic acids, aliphatic ketones, aromatic ketones, aliphatic aldehydes, aliphatic amines, esters, volatile phenylpropanoids, acid anhydrides, silicones, and furans. Among these, aliphatic hydrocarbons were the most abundant (48%), followed by aliphatic alcohols (22%). Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and Pearson correlation-based heatmaps, were used to determine the key VOCs influenced by air and nutrient solution temperature interactions. PLS-DA analysis determined 18 candidate volatile metabolites with variable important projection (VIP) scores higher than > 1.5 as the significant discriminant for air and nutrient solution treatments. These findings will contribute to optimizing hydroponic production strategies for enhancing basil’s aromatic profile in controlled environment production.
Speakers
PR

Protiva Rani Das

University of Tenneessee, Knoxville
Co-authors
KW

Kellie Walters

University of Tennessee, Knoxville
NA
SG

Spencer Givens

University of Tennessee, Knoxville
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 3
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Specialty Crop Research Initiative, project award no. 2022-51181-38331, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

8:30am CDT

CHEX 2 - Evaluating Cultivars, Fertilization Rates, and Irrigation Impacts in Young Peach Trees in Alabama
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Current fertilization guidelines for peach production, established decades ago, are gradually being revisited due to emerging challenges – such as rerising fertilizer costs, nitrate leaching, excessive vegetative growth, and declining fruit quality. These guidelines recommend nitrogen applications of 67.25–78.5 kg/ha, may not fully reflect the variability across individual orchards, production goals, or environmental variability. In 2023, 216 peach trees were established in Clanton, Alabama, to evaluate the effects of three nitrogen fertilization levels (0%, 50%, and 100% of guideline rates) and irrigation on early tree development and nutritional status. The experimental design follows a split-split plot structure, with irrigation as the main plot factor (2 levels: irrigated vs. non-irrigated), fertilization levels as the subplot factor (3 levels: 0%, 50%, 100%), and cultivars (3 cultivars: 'AugustPrince', 'FirePrince', and 'RubyPrince') as the sub-subplot factor. Results from 2023 and 2024 indicate that irrigation significantly enhanced tree height and trunk diameter. Trees receiving 50% and 100% nitrogen performed similarly in growth and CO₂ assimilation, both outperforming unfertilized controls. However, nitrogen deficiency was observed in all 0% treatments and some 50% fertilized, irrigated trees, particularly ‘AugustPrince’ and ‘FirePrince’. ‘RubyPrince’ exhibited the longest terminal shoot length and bud density, followed by ‘FirePrince’ and ‘AugustPrince’, a pattern that aligned with cultivar ripening times. While irrigation improved assimilation and growth, its effect on terminal shoot length was not significant. These findings suggest that moderate fertilization, when paired with appropriate irrigation may help support early vegetative growth. Nonetheless regular nutrient monitoring remains critical. Future work will focus on evaluating yield and fruit quality on these treatments.
Speakers
EB

Erwin Burgos

Auburn University, Horticulture Department
Co-authors
BC

Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba

Auburn University
NA
DC

Dario Chavez

University of Georgia
NA
EV

Edgar Vinson

Auburn University
JM

Juan Melgar

Clemson University
NA
MR

Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez

Auburn University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 12A

8:30am CDT

HSMP 2 - Saffron (Crocus sativus); a High Value Low Input Crop for New Mexico
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Saffron, scientifically recognized as Crocus sativus, is a perennial plant celebrated for its vibrant red stigmas. This crop has been cultivated for more than 3,000 years, originating in ancient Persia. The climate of northern New Mexico appears conducive to saffron cultivation, suggesting its viability for small-scale farmers in the area. The initiative seeks to introduce saffron as a low-input, high-value crop suited for New Mexico's agricultural landscape. Research performed during 2023 and 2024 indicates that saffron can flourish in this region's climate, demonstrating promising stigma yields in the initial years. This research program assesses how corm size, planting timing, and irrigation levels impact saffron flower and stigma production within both hoop house and open field systems at the Certified Organic Farm of the Alcalde Sustainable Agriculture Science Center of New Mexico State University. Results reveal that larger corms yield significantly more stigmas compared to smaller ones; specifically, corms larger than 10 produced over 5 kg/ha of dry stigma yield in their first and second years. However, there was no significant difference noted between yields from high tunnel versus open field systems. Additionally, planting saffron corms earlier—around mid-August—instead of later dates like late August or mid-September resulted in enhanced stigma production (approximately 6 kg/ha). Conversely, variations in irrigation treatments did not significantly affect first-year stigma yield. Measurements of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity demonstrated that both saffron stigmas and flowers lacking stigmas are valuable sources of phenolic compounds, with saffron stigmas exhibiting higher TPC than those flowers without stigmas. In conclusion, the findings from this research indicate that saffron can be successfully cultivated even in an open field system in northern New Mexico. Employing larger corms and opting for mid-August planting could lead to increased yields in the first year.
Speakers
SZ

Saeid Zehtab Salmasi

Associate Professor and Research Director, New Mexico State University
Research Director of the Sustainable Agriculture Science Center of New Mexico State University in Alcalde
Co-authors
RH

Robert Heyduck

New Mexico State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 11B

8:30am CDT

LOCSY 2 - Reinforcing Oklahomas Food Systems with Local Horticultural Production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
The state of Oklahoma has a foundation in natural resources and agriculture. To date, despite growth and industry changes, Oklahoma has kept true to its history but operates through the lens of industrial agriculture. The horticultural market is largely untapped and overlooked within the state even with the ample resources, land availability, open market, and a population in need of nutritional supplementation. Connecting with and having conversations with Oklahoma vegetable and fruit producers reveal underlying problems within Oklahoma's local food system and programs which include the fundamentals of production, market accessibility, and distribution problems. These conversations have long-term implications on the future market of the state. The exploration of results found from the conversations will be explored in terms of programming available, and the future of Oklahoma’s food system. The current programming within the state has a variety of approaches to tackling the integration of a local food system or the promotion of specialty crops. The identification and systematic review of programming and policy will expose gaps and shortcomings in the Oklahoma food system. Identifying and understanding barriers in specialty crop producers will create opportunities to improve the methods of production in the state of Oklahoma. Through examining the states’ available resources, programming, and policies for fruit and vegetable producers in the state, a plan for success can be created to increase market access and profitability for producers while also increasing access to local produce for consumers in Oklahoma. The evaluation of Oklahoma’s policies and specialty crop programs or support networks have long term implications on the success of current markets for local vegetable and fruit producers, their challenges they face, and opportunities that lie ahead. The implications of this review will result in a better understanding, connection, and future resources to nurture and support the horticultural market. Keywords: Horticulture, local production, market accessibility
Speakers
SD

Sophia Darrow

Oklahoma State University
Co-authors
JQ

Justin Quetone Moss

Oklahoma State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Strand 11A

8:30am CDT

VCM 2 - Evaluating field performance of different watermelon scions grafted with common rootstocks
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
The goal of the project is to understand the suitability of different scions when grafted onto commonly used watermelon rootstocks in California. This scion variety trial was conducted in 2024 within a commercial watermelon field near Stockton, California. Six different scions (Captivation, Fascination, Citation, Embasy, Melody, and Summer Breeze), categorized by horticultural characteristics such as maturity, fruit size, and color, were grafted onto three widely used watermelon rootstocks in California (Camelforce, Cobalt, and Carolina Strongback). The three rootstocks are grouped into interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata) and Citron (Citrullus amarus). The field experiment was arranged as a randomized block design including eighteen treatments replicated three times. Each plot was 60 ft long and contained 10 triploids and 3 grafted pollenizers (Sentinel). The field was mechanically transplanted on May 14, 2024. In-season plot maintenance included vine separation multiple times to ease data collection and harvest. Canopy coverage was measured using a handheld crop sensor starting at 10 days after transplanting and thereafter at an approximate interval of two weeks for a total of eight measurements. With the help of farm crew, three harvests were conducted on August 5, 12, and 26. Total yields from each harvest and fruit quality taken from the first harvest were recorded and compared among the rootstock-scion combinations. For quality assessment, fruit length and width were measured by yardstick. Fruit flesh firmness was measured using a fruit penetrometer at the spots 1/3 and 2/3 distance from the blossom end after a melon was cut in half. Rind thickness at the blossom and stem ends were measured with a caliper. Sugar content (⁰Brix) was measured by scooping the center flesh of each half and reading the results through a portable reflectometer. Canopy coverage showed no significant differences among the treatments. For yield, four out of six scions (Fascination, Citation, Embasy, and Melody) produced the highest total yield (ton/acre and no/acre) when they were grafted onto Camelforce, while Captivation and Summer Breeze resulted in higher total yield when grafted with Carolina Strongback. A notable difference was observed in fruit quality for ⁰Brix and firmness that Carolina Strongback produced the lowest firmness and highest ⁰Brix when grafted with all six scions. These results provide a helpful advantage for growers in California who are considering grafting in their production. Continuous assessments will be conducted to further aid in the understanding of field performances from different rootstock-scion combinations.
Speakers
ZW

Zheng Wang

Univ. of California Cooperative Extension
Co-authors
FB

Fayrouz Buojaylah

University ofr California, Cooperative Extension Stanislaus County
YC

Yaritza Castrejon

UC Cooperative Extension
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Foster 1

8:30am CDT

VGBR 1 - Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in USDA Tomato USDA Germplasm Using Morphological and Physiological Approaches
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Drought is a major abiotic stressor that significantly reduces the growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To mitigate its adverse effects, the development and utilization of drought-tolerant cultivars, combined with advanced breeding strategies, offer sustainable solutions. In this study, a total of 157 USDA tomato accessions were evaluated under controlled greenhouse conditions using a randomized complete block design with four replications, incorporating both a water-deficit treatment and a well-watered control group. The results identified ten accessions, including PI 487624, PI 127828, PI 379018, PI 365903, PI 390515, PI 390663, PI 128657, PI 266376, PI 126444, and PI 298933, as drought tolerant, with leaf wilting and leaf rolling scores of less than four. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 50 percent to approximately 58 percent, indicating a moderate genetic influence on drought tolerance. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations ranging from 0.50 to 0.99 among leaf wilting, leaf rolling, plant freshness, leaf thickness, and SPAD chlorophyll content, while negative correlations ranging from -0.40 to -0.81 were observed for plant fresh weight, leaf thickness, Quantum yield of Photosystem II (Phi2), and SPAD chlorophyll content traits. These findings provide valuable insights into tomato breeding programs focused on improving drought resilience in elite cultivars. We plan to expand the evaluation to a broader set of accessions and employ genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction to identify single nucleotide polymorphism markers and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance. The integration of genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction will facilitate marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, improving the efficiency of breeding programs aimed at developing drought-resilient tomato cultivars.
Speakers
KC

Kenani Chiwina

University of Arkansas
NA
Co-authors
AS

Ainong Shi

University of Arkasnas
AR

Awais Riaz

University of Arkansas
NA
BM

Beiquan Mou

Sam Farr U.S. Crop Improvement and Protection Research Center, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)
NA
DH

Derrick Harrison

university of arkansas
NA
HX

haizheng xiong

University of Arkansas
HA

Hanan Alkabkabi

university of arkansas
NA
IA

Ibtisam Alatawi

university of arkansas
NA
MU

Muhammad Ullah

university of arkansas
NA
QL

Qun Luo

university of arkansas
NA
RD

Renjie Du

university of arkansas
NA
YQ

YUEJUN QU

University of Arkansas
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:30am - 8:45am CDT
Foster 2

8:45am CDT

CE 3 - Growing Environment Has a Greater Effect on Containerized Basil Growth than Fertilizer Type or Concentration
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Current practices aim to produce quality containerized culinary herbs at the end of greenhouse production, but the effects of fertilization choices during production on the post-production performance of these crops in the retail and consumer environment are unclear. This study aimed to quantify the effects of fertilizer type, source, and concentration applied during the greenhouse production phase on the post-harvest performance of containerized culinary herbs during the retail and consumer phases. Seedlings of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Nufar’) were transplanted into 11.4 cm-diameter containers filled with certified organic soilless substrate compromised of peat moss and coarse perlite and irrigated with solutions containing 100, 200, or 300 mg∙L –1 N from a conventional or organic water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) starting at transplant and throughout the end of the greenhouse phase, seedlings were; or were transplanted into the same organic substrate with amended with 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 kg N∙m-3 from conventional controlled-release (CRF) or organic slow-release fertilizer (SRF) and irrigated with clear tap water Plants were grown in three different phases: 1) in a greenhouse for 21 d with 22°/18° day/night air temperatures and 12 mol∙m–2∙d –1 daily light integral (DLI) to simulate the greenhouse production phase; in a growth chamber for 7 d at 20° constantly with a DLI of 1 mol∙m–2∙d –1 to stimulate the retail phase; and, after harvesting shoots above the second node, an additional 21 d in a growth chamber with the same conditions to simulate the consumer phase. One-third of the plants were harvested at the end of each phase and data was collected. During production, conventional WSF produced plants 1.3-5.7 cm taller than all other treatments, but by the consumer phase there were no differences across all fertilizer treatments. The optimum fertilizer type and concentration for basil varied between conventional and organic sources. Fresh mass of basil was greatest for plants receiving conventional WSF, which were 4-9.5 g greater than plants which received conventional CRF. However, plants receiving organic SRF had a fresh mass which was 2.1-3.9 g greater than plants receiving organic WSF treatments. Fertilizer treatments did not affect the rate of biomass accumulation, but the phase did. The relative growth rate was lowest in the consumer phase compared to the greenhouse production and retail phases. The results of this study indicate fertilizer type, source, and concentration do not impact containerized basil growth and development in the post-harvest consumer environment.
Speakers
NA

Nicole Arment

Iowa State University
NA
Co-authors
CC

Christopher Currey

Iowa State University
JB

Jennifer Boldt

United States Department of Agriculture
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 12B

8:45am CDT

CHEX 2 - Comparing soil amendments, fertilizer rate, and pruning techniques in southern highbush blueberry production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Blueberry has a high cost of establishment, requiring the incorporation of soil amendments and the use of chemical fertilizer to obtain high fruit yield and quality. Reducing establishment and fertilizer costs in blueberry production without affecting yield and fruit quality is key for blueberry producers. In this project we evaluated the impact of reducing fertilization, using biochar as a soil amendment, and the effect of different pruning techniques on plant nutrient status, plant growth and development, and fruit production and quality. Despite the importance of these cultural practices, there is a lack of research that explores the impact of combining varying fertilization rates, soil amendments, and different pruning techniques in Georgia. To test these three factors an experimental plot was designed in a factorial arrangement with two soil amendments: 1) 33% v/v pine bark and 2) 9% v/v biochar; three fertilization rates: 1) Commercial fertilization (lb/acre): N 90, P 75, K 75; 2) half commercial fertilization N 35, P 35, K 35; and 3) potassium only: N0, P0, K 35, and two pruning treatments: 1) winter hand pruning summer hand - tipping and 2) summer hedge. Each treatment was randomly assigned three replications and four plants per replication. Our results indicated that the highest net income was obtained from the treatment in which the soil was amended with pine bark; plants were treated with half of the fertilizer rate and hedged after harvest. Blueberry plants that were hand-pruned had bigger and heavier berries. Plants that were hedged after the harvest had higher yields and it did not affect plant growth. In addition, reducing the fertilization rate to half did not affect the yield and fruit quality parameters of berries harvested. Furthermore, the treatment in which plants received only potassium fertilizer resulted in notable decreases in berry weight, firmness, and plant growth. The use of biochar as a soil amendment significantly enhanced TSS and anthocyanin content, but the concentration of K, Mg, and Mn in the berries was lower than those of plants in which the soil was amended with pine bark treatment.
Speakers
avatar for Natalia Espinoza

Natalia Espinoza

University of Georgia
Co-authors
ZR

Zilfina Rubio

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Commercial Horticulture 2

8:45am CDT

HSMP 2 - Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Growth and Phytochemical Production of Shiso Cultivars Treated with Complex Salts
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Soil salinity, often governed by complex ion mixtures, remains a significant challenge in agriculture. However, most salinity research focuses on simple salts like sodium chloride. To develop effective salinity mitigation techniques in real-world applications, it is crucial to understand the impact of complex salts on plant physiology. Endophytic mycorrhizal fungi offer a promising method to mitigate salinity stress in plants by colonizing the plant roots. Shiso (Perilla frutescens L.) is a valuable culinary herb with rich source of phytochemicals. This study investigated the interaction of mycorrhizal inoculation and complex salinity on two shiso cultivars, Asia IP and Britton, and impacts on plant growth and phytochemical composition. Two replicated trials were designed to assess the effect of three different salinity rates (1, 3, 5 dS/m and control DI water) on both inoculated and non-inoculated shiso cultivars. Plant parameters like plant height, shoot and root fresh and dry weight along with root length were measured. Phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), proline and chlorophyll were also measured. Results showed that complex salts significantly reduced the overall fresh and dry biomass in both cultivars across both trials. The interaction of salinity and cultivar affected TPC of shiso in the first trial whereas only cultivar affected TPC in the second trial. No effect of salinity was seen in the second trial. However, TFC was significantly reduced by salinity in the second trial and no effect of salinity was seen in the first trial. Greater TFC was found in the Britton cultivar across both experiments. Proline content was increased steadily with increases in salinity rate across both trials. Greater proline content was found in the Britton cultivar in both trials. Chlorophyll content of shiso was unaffected by cultivar and salinity rates. The effect of salinity was cultivar dependent on growth and phytochemicals which was found in this experiment where Britton cultivar was more severely affected by salinity. These results show that complex salt negatively impacts the growth of shiso with no beneficial impact in increasing phytochemicals. Additionally, mycorrhizal inoculation was unable to mitigate the negative effect of salinity in shiso cultivars. Selection of effective mycorrhizal products is necessary in order to see their beneficial effects, so more screening should be done in the future. Further in-depth research is also required to fully understand the relationship of complex salts and mycorrhizal inoculation in shiso.
Speakers
AR

Abishkar Regmi

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas Tech University
Co-authors
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
HL

Haydee Laza

Texas Tech University
NA
JR

Jillella Raja Shekhar Reddy

Texas Tech University
NA
LS

Lindsey Slaughter

Texas Tech University
NA
MK

Mahitha Kamireddy

Texas Tech University
NA
NM

Naima Moustaid-Moussa

Texas Tech University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 11B

8:45am CDT

LOCSY 2 - Characterization of Nutrient Composition from Municipal and Commercial Compost Generated in Arkansas
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Compost is treated as a waste product by many regulatory agencies, monitored and assessed only for its potential to harm humans or to harm the environment. However, horticulture practitioners are the number one consumer of compost, whether in nursery production, vegetable production, or home landscaping and gardening. In Arkansas, no state regulations require reporting chemical or physical characteristics of compost such as plant nutrient content, pH, bulk density, or organic matter content. Therefore, a statewide survey of participating Arkansas Department of Energy and Environment permitted composting facilities was conducted to characterize the availability of compost throughout the calendar year, the variability in plant nutrient content and physical characteristics. A total of 11 compost sites were sampled from nine compost production operations in Arkansas, including water treatment facilities, commercial depackaging companies, and municipal compost facilities. Yard waste (YW) was a component of all compost feedstocks, but some facilities could further handle food waste (FW) or biosolids (BS). Dry matter analysis found that composts from YW alone contained 1.31% to 1.92% N; composts from YW plus FW contained 2.57% to 3.70% N; and composts from YW BS contained 1.25% to 2.80% N. Major disparities were observed dry matter Na content when FW was included in compost. Composts including FW contained 2,185 to 7,672 mg/kg Na while composts from YW or YW BS contained 167 to 402 mg/kg Na. Present findings indicate that compost feedstocks affect the resulting nutrient content, particularly when introducing FW. Substrate testing beyond the standard testing for pathogens and trace metals will be critical for effective use of composts as a substrate or soil amendment in horticulture systems.
Speakers
MB

Matthew Bertucci

University of Arkansas
Co-authors
RW

Rachel Woody-Pumford

University of Arkansas
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Strand 11A

8:45am CDT

VCM 2 - Assessing Different NM Type Green Chile Transplant Methods for Mechanical Harvest
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
New Mexico green chile is a labor-intensive crop, with harvesting posing increasing challenges due to labor shortages and rising costs. To meet growing consumer demand, farmers are transitioning to mechanical harvesting, traditionally reliant on direct seeding, which promotes strong taproots and minimizes uprooting. However, transplant seedling establishment, which allows multiple harvests, produces a root system less suitable for mechanical harvesting. This study evaluated transplant sowing methods to develop taproots compatible with efficient mechanical harvest. In 2024, ‘NuMex Odyssey’ was planted using three methods, direct seeding, ihort® Q plugs, and paperpots®, at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center in Los Lunas, NM. The study employed a randomized complete block design with five replications. Plant architecture, root, and yield data were collected. Preliminary findings show no statistical difference in marketable green fruit yield among the planting methods during mechanical harvest. However, taproot lengths of ihort Q plugs and direct-seeded plants were significantly longer than those of paper pot transplants. These results suggest that taproot length did not impact marketable green fruit yield during mechanical harvest. The findings indicate that ihort Q plugs and paper pot transplanting methods have potential for efficient mechanical harvesting of New Mexico green chile.
Speakers
IJ

Israel Joukhadar

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
DC

Danise Coon

New Mexico State University
NA
SW

Stephanie Walker

New Mexico State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Crops Management 2

8:45am CDT

VGBR 1 - Understanding the molecular basis of Blossom-end rot in tomato
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Blossom-end rot (BER) is a physiological disorder in tomatoes that renders the fruit to be unmarketable. In tomato, BER initiates around 7-10 days post anthesis (DPA) at the distal end of the fruit as a water-soaked symptom that can progress into a necrotic lesion covering the entire fruit during development. Calcium deficiency in the distal end of the fruit is thought to trigger BER initiation. In this study, we have used near isogenic lines (NILs) that segregate for BER and harbors quantitative trait loci (QTLs) BER11.1 and BER11.2. Physiological characterization indicated lower calcium concentration and reduced number of vascular bundles in the distal inner and distal pericarp tissue in the susceptible fruit in comparison to the with resistant fruit. To further delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying BER development and to identify the potential candidate gene(s) underlying QTL BER11.1
Speakers
RS

ranveer singh

university of georgia
Co-authors
EV

Esther van der Knaap

Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia
NA
MS

Manoj Sapkota

University of Georgia
NA
SN

Savithri Nambeesan

University of Georgia
YT

Yasin Topcu

University of Georgia, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:45am - 9:00am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 1
  • Subject vegetable Breeding
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA); award number: 2020–67013-30912

8:59am CDT

Undergraduate Student Poster Competition - Session 1
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:59am - 10:00am CDT
Please be at your poster at 9:00 AM.  Once the judges come to you to hear your presentation, please confirm with them that it is okay to leave.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 8:59am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB

9:00am CDT

CE 3 - Analyzing the Impact of CO2 Concentration, Air and Root-Zone Temperature on Hydroponic Culinary Herb Production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and sage (Salvia officinalis) are some of the most popular fresh cut culinary herbs, but little information is available on how to cost-effectively maximize their growth and development in controlled environments. Given that cut herbs are sold by fresh mass, the goal is to maximize harvestable fresh mass, while not increasing production time, space, or energy inputs. Therefore, our objective was to determine the most effective root-zone temperature (RZT) in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and reduced air temperature (AT) to maximize culinary herb yield. Seeds of basil ‘Genovese’ and sage were sown into 200-cell (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) rockwool plugs and germinated for two and four weeks, respectively. Twelve seedlings of each species were transplanted into each of six 250 L, 0.9-m-wide by 1.8-m-long deep-flow hydroponic tanks among three walk-in growth chambers. Plants were grown under a total photon flux density of 260 µmol∙m–2∙s–1 for 16 h. The nutrient solution within the tanks was heated to 24, 28, or 32 °C. Additionally, AT and CO2 concentration setpoints of 20 and 23 °C and of 450 and 900 μmol∙mol‒1, respectively, were maintained for a total of 12 treatments. Basil and sage were harvested three and four weeks after transplant, respectively. Of AT, RZT, and CO2, AT was the largest contributing factor to shoot fresh mass (SFM) accumulation for both species. Increasing the air temperature from 20 to 23 °C resulted in a SFM increase of 100 and 180% in sage and basil, respectively. SFM of sage was not influenced by increasing CO2 from 450 to 900 μmol∙mol‒1 and resulted in a 12% decrease in basil SFM. However, at the high CO2 concentration, specific leaf area was 4 and 12% lower for sage and basil, respectively, resulting in greater biomass accumulation per cm2 of leaf area. RZT had no effect on basil SFM, but SFM of sage was greatest when the nutrient solution was heated to 24 and 28 °C. By maintaining an AT of 23 °C, RZT of 28 °C, and CO2 concentration of 450 μmol∙mol‒1, the SFM of both basil and sage can be maximized without further increasing RZT or CO2 concentration.
Speakers
SB

Seth Benjamin

Michigan State University
Co-authors
RL

Roberto Lopez

Michigan State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 12B

9:00am CDT

CHEX 2 - High Tunnel vs Open Field: Comparing Production Systems for Southern Highbush Blueberries
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Southern highbush blueberry (SHB) cultivars are susceptible to spring frost damage, which can significantly reduce both yield and fruit quality. To mitigate the impacts of frost, alternative production systems, such as high tunnels, have been explored for their potential to improve SHB production. This study evaluated the performance of three SHB cultivars (‘Meadowlark’, ‘Victoria’, and ‘Jewel’) under high tunnels (HTs) and open fields (OFs). Stomatal conductance (SC), stomatal density (SD), stomatal area (SA), fruit quality, and quantity were measured, and weather variables were recorded. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix and Tukey’s HSD test was applied for mean separation (p ≤ 0.05). SC varied significantly by cultivars (p < 0.001) and production systems (p < 0.001), with higher SC observed in OFs. ‘Meadowlark’ exhibited the highest SC followed by ‘Jewel’ and ‘Victoria’. SD and SA were significantly influenced by the production systems and leaf stage, with all three leaf stages in OFs showing the highest SD and SA compared to HTs. SD was greater in younger leaves and decreased with leaf age, whereas SA was higher in mature and older leaves. Cultivars also affected SD and SA, with ‘Meadowlark’ showing the highest SD and SA, followed by ‘Victoria’ and ‘Jewel’. The yield was higher in HTs across all cultivars, with ‘Victoria’ producing the highest yield followed by ‘Jewel’ and ‘Meadowlark’. Single berry weight was significantly affected by both cultivars and production systems (p = 0.0004), with ‘Meadowlark’ and ‘Victoria’ producing larger berries in HTs, while ‘Jewel’ had the smallest fruit in both systems. Brix levels were cultivar dependent (p = 0.0005), with ‘Meadowlark’ exhibiting the highest values. Firmness was influenced by cultivars (p < 0.001) and among three cultivars, ‘Meadowlark’ had the highest firmness, while ‘Jewel’ had the lowest. In conclusion, SHB cultivars in HTs likely optimized their water use efficiency by reducing SC, SD, and SA. ‘Victoria’ demonstrated superior yield performance, while Brix value and firmness were higher in ‘Meadowlark’, resulting in better fruit quality. Additionally, HTs enhance total yield, berry weight, Brix, and firmness in SHB cultivars. Overall, this comparison highlights system-specific effects on cultivar performance, emphasizing the practices for southern highbush blueberry production.
Speakers
SW

Samjhana Wagle

Auburn University, Horticulture Department
Co-authors
BC

Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba

Auburn University
NA
EC

Elina Coneva

Auburn University
ES

Eric Stafne

Mississippi State University
NA
KL

Kathy Lawrence

Auburn University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 12A

9:00am CDT

HSMP 2 - Increasing Micronutrient Concentrations Does Not Mitigate High pH-Nutrient Solution-induced Growth Suppression
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Many hydroponic fresh-cut herb producers in the United States utilize water sources with a high pH. Nutrient solutions with a high pH can prevent essential nutrients from being accessible for plant growth and development, especially micronutrients. The objectives of our research were to better understand how the growth of culinary herbs is impacted by supra-optimal pH and determine if supplemental micronutrients are an effective mitigation technique. Two week old seedlings of basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Nufar’), and three week old seedlings of dill (Anethum graveolens ‘Hera’), parsley (Petroselinum crispum ‘Giant of Italy’), and sage (Salvia officinalis), grown in phenolic foam cubes were transplanted into one of six deep-flow technique (DFT) systems in a greenhouse. Herbs were grown in nutrient solutions with a pH of 6.0. 7.0, and 8.0, and either with a 1X or 2x micronutrient concentration. The DFT systems contained nutrient solutions made with tempered municipal water supplemented with a complete water-soluble fertilizer (16N-2.2P-14.3K) to create a target electrical conductivity of 2.0 dS·m–1, plus a supplemental micronutrient blend provided from the manufacturer to increase micronutrient concentrations for 2x micronutrient treatments. The nutrient solution pH was maintained through a dosing system using 2% H2SO4 v/v or 2% KOH w/v as the acid and alkali, respectively. One-third (by vol.) of the nutrient solution was renewed with freshly mixed fertilizer each week of production. Target greenhouse environmental conditions consisted of day and night air temperatures of 22 °C and 18 °C respectively, and a daily light integral of 12 mol∙m–2∙d–1. The experiment was replicated four times over time, and data was collected four weeks after herbs were transplanted into DFT systems. There were no significant interactions between micronutrients and pH. While high pH decreased dill, parsley, and sage shoot height, width, and fresh mass, providing supplemental micronutrients in the nutrient solution did not mitigate growth suppression induced by high pH. Additionally, all species had significantly shorter roots at a high pH of 8.0 compared to a moderate pH of 6.0, without a subsequent reduction in root mass. This study indicates nutrient solutions with a high pH can severely limit the growth of culinary herbs. While providing supplemental micronutrients does not alleviate the impact of high pH, producers can rely on other methods, such as acid injection, to lower the nutrient solution pH to maximize nutrient uptake.
Speakers
HK

Hannah Kramer

Iowa State University
NA
Co-authors
CC

Christopher Currey

Iowa State University
JB

Jennifer Boldt

United States Department of Agriculture
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 11B

9:00am CDT

LOCSY 2 - Results of an Employer-funded Cost-offset Community Supported Agriculture Program
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Background: Community-supported agriculture (CSA) programs have been found to promote health and nutrition, and consumers frequently cite healthfulness as a motivation for local food purchasing. The CSA model can capitalize on this fact and expand their customer base by partnering with healthcare providers or insurance companies that provide cost-offsets for people to enroll in CSA programs. The purpose of this study was to pilot test the impact of an employer-sponsored cost-offset CSA program. Methods: University of Florida (UF), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension developed a collaborative partnership between cooperative Extension, local farms, and the UF Human Resources’ Office of Worklife to fund a cost-offset CSA program. Results: Seventy-seven employees purchased a cost-offset CSA membership. Participants were predominantly female (86%) and in staff positions (72%). Roughly a quarter of participants received food assistance (26%). The most prevalent motivations for joining the program were to support local farms (100%) and the local economy (96%). Ninety-two percent of participants joined the program to improve their diet and to eat food that tastes better. Some participants (36%) joined the program because they had been interested in join a CSA anyway. More than 80% of respondents were satisfied with all aspects of the program. Aspects that participants were not satisfied with was the cost of the CSA membership (18%) and the lack of information about the produce included in the CSA (16%). The overwhelming majority perceived that it improved their diet (92%), increased their fruit and vegetable consumption (88%), and increased their ability to cook seasonal produce (88%). Most participants (78%) indicated they would join a CSA again, with 86% saying they would join with the same farm again. Discussion: Feedback from participants was positive, with participants emphasizing personal benefits like weight loss and discovering new foods. Many indicated that this program was more valuable to them than traditional webinars or programs offered by the office of worklife. The farms appreciated that the program connected them with new customers and the ongoing partnership with UF, which has now entered its third year. Collaborative partnerships take time and effort to develop but can yield ongoing benefits for local farms and community food systems.
Speakers
CC

Catherine Campbell

University of Florida
Catherine Campbell, PhD, MPH, is Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist of Community Food Systems in the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences at University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). She conducts social science research... Read More →
Co-authors
CG

Cody Gusto

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Strand 11A

9:00am CDT

VCM 2 - Does Winter Chill Accumulation Affect Transplant Quality and Field Performance of Strawberry Bare-root Transplants?
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Bare-root transplants are the primary planting material used in strawberry production. They are grown in open-field conditions and dug up at maturity before shipment to fruit production sites. Delayed digging exposes transplants to different amounts of winter chilling (
Speakers
WW

Weining Wang

University of Florida
Co-authors
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Foster 1

9:00am CDT

VGBR 1 - Towards Mechanical Harvest: Leveraging Genomic Selection to Increase Fruit Firmness in Fresh Market Tomato
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the US, but this labor-intensive industry faces severe labor shortages and rising production costs amid heavy competition from lower-cost imports. With labor accounting for over 30% of total production expenses, much of which is due to harvesting, the industry's long-term sustainability depends on developing more labor-efficient systems. Mechanical harvesting presents a promising solution, but tomato fruit are highly susceptible to bruising, a challenge that could be amplified by mechanized handling. Fruit firmness plays a crucial role in resistance to internal bruising, making it a key breeding target for improving harvest efficiency and post-harvest quality. The UF/IFAS tomato breeding program has developed tomato lines with traits beneficial for mechanical harvesting, including compact growth habit (CGH) and increased fruit firmness. To investigate the genetic basis of fruit firmness in CGH lines, bi-parental populations were developed from firm and soft inbred parents. Genome-wide association analysis identified multiple minor-effect QTLs, confirming the quantitative nature of this trait in the population. Variance component analysis revealed that fruit firmness is primarily controlled by additive genetic variance, suggesting a strong potential for improvement through selection with appropriate strategies such as genomic selection (GS), which has been successfully used to improve quantitative traits in many crop species. GS models were successfully trained to predict fruit firmness, demonstrating the feasibility of integrating GS into the UF/IFAS tomato breeding program. Model optimization, including adjustments to training population size, marker density, and the incorporation of significant QTLs as fixed effects, improved prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. This study confirms the presence of significant fruit firmness variability in UF/IFAS germplasm, supporting its use in breeding firmer CGH tomatoes suited for mechanical harvest. Future research will refine GS models by incorporating multi-trait and multi-environment analyses, leveraging variance-covariance relationships to enhance prediction accuracy and accelerate genetic gains.
Speakers
JC

Jessica Chitwood-Brown

University of Florida
Co-authors
LG

Leonard Gaspar

University of Florida IFAS GCREC
NA
SH

Samuel Hutton

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 9:15am CDT
Foster 2

9:00am CDT

International Horticulture Collaboration Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
A forum for discussion of potential collaborations with regards to international horticulture – i.e. International issues and networking, international consultants, international horticulture groups, etc.
Presiding/Moderator
LL

Leonardo Lombardini

ASHS International Division VP
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Collaboration Center, Empire AB

9:00am CDT

Endowment Fund Committee Members Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
WL

Wusheng Liu

North Carolina State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 14

9:00am CDT

UG 1 - Effect of Temperature, Smoke, and Chemical Treatment on Germination of White Sage
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
White sage, Salvia apiana, is native to coastal areas of southern California and northern Baja California. Leaves and stems of white sage are ceremonially burned in many indigenous communities, and the plant has additional culinary and medicinal importance. While white sage is not endangered, over-harvest of wild sage is of concern for conservation efforts. Propagation of white sage is generally accomplished by seed; however, germination is poor with rates ranging from 10 to 25 percent. This project evaluated application of heat and smoke treatment for their impact on germination. Temperature and time of exposure were found to significantly impact germination with treatment at 70C and 85C leading to increased germination at 21 days. Application of smoke originating from charcoal and burned sage did not impact rate of germination in seed not exposed to heat treatments.
Speakers
SS

Sam Sarratt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
Co-authors
CE

Christian Elowsky

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
RS

Ronald Stephenson

Plant Sciences Hall
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB

9:00am CDT

UG 1 - Genome Size Estimation of Eight Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) Populations Across the United States
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) is a shrub native to the western temperate regions of North America, from Alaska to California and the Rocky Mountains. Despite its ecological importance and broad native range, genomic information for this species remains extremely limited. So far, only one flow cytometry data point is available for thimbleberry, reporting a haploid nuclear DNA content (C value) of 0.28 pg, which suggests a haploid genome size of approximately 270 Mb. The Rubus genus exhibits a broad range of ploidy levels, such as from diploid to dodecaploid (2n = 2x = 14 to 2n = 12x = 84) for blackberries (R. argutus). Genome size variation has also been documented in other shrub species. In plants such as Chrysanthemum indicum, Linum suffruticosum, and Lycoris radiata, changes in ploidy levels have been associated with environmental stress. Given the wide native distribution of thimbleberry, we hypothesized that genome size variation may exist among different thimbleberry populations. The aim of this study was to estimate the genome size of eight thimbleberry populations collected from various locations across the United States, including the Northwest, Midwest, Southwest, and Rocky Mountains, using a flow cytometer. The findings from this study provide baseline genomic data that can support future research efforts, such as the construction of a reference genome and investigations into ploidy variation and its potential relationship with environmental stress tolerance.
Speakers
ST

Stirling Todd

Utah Valley University
Co-authors
CH

Carl Hjelmen

Utah Valley University
NA
MR

Michael Rotter

Utah Valley University
NA
YL

Yuya Liang

Utah Valley University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB

9:00am CDT

UG 1 - Genomic exploration of WUS and BBM in challenging-to-culture blueberry varieties
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Blueberry breeding faces substantial challenges in efficiently producing plants with desired traits through traditional methods, limiting the industry's ability to meet increasing demands. Tissue culture (TC) and regeneration methods, while promising, are hindered by high costs, cultivar-specific outcomes, and unpredictability. Recent research has identified the significant roles of morphogenic genes such as WUSCHEL (WUS) and BABY BOOM (BBM) in shoot regeneration, early shoot formation, and transformation processes. This study investigates the gene morphology and function of native BBM and WUS genes in various Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry) varieties exhibiting different levels of tissue culture recalcitrance. Previously, we identified the locations of WUS and two BBM gene variants (BBM1 and BBM2) in blueberry transcriptome data, followed by primer design, PCR, and Sanger sequencing. BBM variants and WUS were analyzed in blueberry varieties ‘ONeal’ and ‘Legacy,’ which are capable of propagation via TC, and ‘Pinnacle,’ ‘NC 4499,’ and ‘NC5271,’ which lack transcriptome data and are known to be recalcitrant to TC. Initial WUS sequencing revealed a three-nucleotide deletion in the hard-to-culture varieties ‘NC4499,’ ‘NC5271,’ and ‘Pinnacle,’ resulting in the loss of a single amino acid. Additionally, two non-synonymous SNPs with high mutation rates were identified in ‘Pinnacle’ and ‘NC5271.’ To further investigate the impact of these genetic differences, we conducted protein sequence analysis to determine how the codon deletion in WUS affects protein structure. This could uncover potential alterations in protein folding or function, which may contribute to reduced regenerative capacity in recalcitrant varieties. We are currently working to extract RNA from the five blueberry varieties at different growth phases for cDNA synthesis and qPCR to investigate gene expression levels and copy number. This project aims to address a critical gap in blueberry cultivation by uncovering the genetic basis for propagation challenges in high-value varieties. By focusing on the WUS and BBM genes, the study seeks to identify genetic variations contributing to TC resistance, informing future genetic and breeding strategies.
Speakers
EW

Ellen White

North Carolina State University
NA
Co-authors
HA

Hudson Ashrafi

North Carolina State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source NCBiotech and NC State University Genetics and Genomics Academy

9:00am CDT

UG 1 - Horticulture-Based Organic Agroforestry to Prevent Soil Erosion and Forest Fire, and to Keep the Humans and Mother Earth Healthy
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Agroforestry is the intentional integration of trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to create environmental, economic, and social benefits. It helps prevent soil erosion by stabilizing the soil with tree roots, reducing wind and water runoff, and protecting the soil. Trees also mitigate forest fire risks by creating buffer zones and improving soil health by adding organic matter, enhancing water retention, and promoting beneficial microbial activity, which boosts soil fertility and Soil erosion and forest fires are significant global conservation challenges. This sustainable approach fosters synergies between plant and animal species to enhance biodiversity, prevent soil erosion, improve soil health, and increase farm productivity. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of a horticulture-based agroforestry system in preventing wind erosion, enhancing soil nutrients, improving soil quality, and increasing crop yields. Horticulture-based agroforestry refers to land-use systems where herbs, shrubs, and trees are grown for food on the same land unit without livestock. It is a mixed cropping system with annuals, biennials, and perennials, providing financial, environmental, and health benefits. This long-lasting conservation farming system includes cereals, fruits, vegetables, tubers, nuts, legumes, spices, and condiments. This agroforestry system will provide carbohydrates, protein, minerals, vitamins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids to the farming community. It is practiced in Asia and Africa for the economic sustainability of small farmers and the provision of nutritious foods. In our farming system, annual and biennial vegetables, muscadines, blueberries, corn, legumes, cover crops, ginger, cocoyam, and turmeric are raised. This agroforestry research program is the first of its kind in the nation, focusing on horticultural crops where pecans are tree crops. Five acres of land on Memphis Silt Loam soil were divided into five blocks for pecans, vegetables, muscadines, blueberries, spices, and condiments. The tree rows are widely spaced, with a plant-to-plant distance of 13.7 meters and a row-to-row distance of 27.4 meters, to prevent forest fires. Inter-cropping, inter-planting, mixed cropping, and cover cropping are practiced with organic manures for nutrient management and soil erosion prevention. Randomized complete blocks (RCBD) and completely randomized designs (CRD) were used to raise perennial crops with organic treatments. The C-factor research technology, developed by Alcorn State University in collaboration with USDA scientists, evaluates growth parameters including upper and lower biomass development once every 15 to 20 days. Soil samples at 15cm deep are collected every year to assess soil health, promoting economic and environmental sustainability.
Speakers
ET

Ellis Terrett

Alcorn State University
Co-authors
GP

Girish Panicker

Alcorn State University
Dr. Girish Kumar Panicker, Professor of Plant and Soil Sciences and Director of Conservation Research, at Alcorn State University, Mississippi, is an authority on cover and management (C-factor) research on horticultural crops and is an internationally renowned agricultural scientist... Read More →
WM

Willis Mims

Alcorn State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Alcorn State University

9:00am CDT

UG 1 - Seed Propagation of Blue Elderberry (Sambucus cerulea)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Blue Elderberry (Sambucus cerulea) is a fruiting plant native to Western North America, ranging from British Columbia to Northern Mexico, and from Oklahoma to California. Like the black-fruited S. nigra and S. canadensis, it has the potential to be an important alternative crop. However, S. cerulea is more difficult to asexually propagate, and requirements for seed germination are not well understood. Seeds from 5 Utah selections and 2 commercial black-fruited cultivars were collected during the 2023 and 2024 harvests to determine optimum stratification requirements. No germination occurred before 12 weeks of stratification at 2°C for any genotypes tested. Optimum stratification period differed among genotypes and ranged from 18 to 24 weeks. Germination rates also varied by genotype ranging from 13% for a wild-collected population to 63% for a selection established in a common experimental orchard. Possible correlation between seed stratification requirement and other phenological development indicators (time of budbreak, bloom and fruit ripening) is still being determined. Information on propagation and climatic adaptation will be important in developing S. cerulea as an alternative crop and identifying suitable locations for commercial production.
Speakers
SS

Stephanie Spencer

Utah State University
Co-authors
BB

Brent Black

Utah State University
KK

Kaylee Kowallis

Utah State University
NA
LY

Lauren Yardley

Utah State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Utah State University

9:00am CDT

UG 1 - Soil Composition Effects on Growth and Physiological Performance of Dragon Fruit (Selenicereus undatus) Under Greenhouse Conditions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Selenicereus undatus (dragon fruit) is a high-value crop experiencing increasing global demand, yet limited research exists on how soil composition influences its growth and physiological performance. This study evaluated the effects of five distinct soil substrates on two dragon fruit varieties under controlled greenhouse conditions. 120 plants were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications per treatment. The five soil treatments included Native South Texas Soil, 100% Sandy Soil, Sandy Soil 25% Sphagnum, Sandy Soil 50% Sphagnum, and 100% Sphagnum. Initial and final analyses of soil pH, salinity, texture, and nutrient content were conducted to monitor soil dynamics. Shoot length was measured at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days, while root biomass and architecture were assessed at harvest. Physiological traits, including chlorophyll concentration and total biomass, were also recorded at the conclusion of the experiment. Results revealed that soil composition influenced both above- and below-ground growth, with soils amended with sphagnum showing moderate increases in shoot elongation and chlorophyll content compared to unamended sandy and native soils. Root development varied across treatments, though no statistically significant differences in total biomass were detected. Variations in soil pH and organic matter content appeared to correlate with some physiological markers, suggesting a complex interaction between soil properties and plant response. While additional studies are needed to explore long-term productivity and fruit quality, these findings provide preliminary insights into how soil amendments may influence early-stage development of dragon fruit. This work contributes to ongoing efforts to optimize substrate management for dragon fruit cultivation, particularly in regions with poor native soils, such as South Texas.
Speakers Co-authors
LR

Lorenzo Rossi

Texas A
Dr. Rossi’s research program focuses on understanding the responses of horticultural crops to environmental stresses, with the goal of developing environmentally sound and effective management strategies. He is a horticulturist with expertise in plant stress physiology, plant biology... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:00am - 10:00am CDT
Empire AB

9:15am CDT

CE 3 - Evaluating Hydroponic Production Systems for Three Edible Flower Species
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
The hydroponic industry is valued at close to 1 billion dollars in North America and is expected to grow over the next 5 years. Hydroponic crop production in controlled environments has the advantage of year-round production opportunities and has been well-established for some vegetable crops, such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and tomato (Solanumlycopersicum). One area for growth includes edible flowers which have potentially increased use in the medical field for human health benefits and culinary arts as ingredients and garnishes. Considering the limited information about edible flower hydroponic production, we initiated research to evaluate two popular hydroponic production methods for three different edible flower species; dahlia (Dahlia xhybrida ‘Figaro Red Shade’), zinnia (Zinnia elegans ‘Zesty Scarlet’), and dianthus (Dianthus chinensis ‘Venti Parfait’). These species were grown in three treatments: two hydroponic systems, deep water culture (DWC) and nutrient film technique (NFT), and a traditional peat-based substrate. Plants were fertilized with General Hydroponics FloraSeries using the medium feed nutrient schedule. Data collected included plant biomass, flower biomass, and antioxidant and polyphenol concentrations. After 14 weeks, dahlia and zinnia grown in the DWC system produced significantly more plant biomass, flower numbers, and flower biomass compared to the NFT and substrate treatments. Dahlia plants in DWC also flowered ~ 10 days earlier than the other treatments. No significant differences were observed with dianthus plants between the treatments, except for lower flower numbers and flower fresh weight for NFT compared to the DWC and substrate treatments. Phytochemical analysis for antioxidant composition using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays and polyphenolic content through Folin-Ciocalteu assays will be conducted. The results of our initial study suggest that growing dahlia and zinnia on DWC hydroponic systems in our applied conditions has potential as an edible flower production system. However, dianthus may not be suitable for hydroponic system production, or additional modifications to hydroponic systems need to be evaluated to determine feasibility.
Speakers
ML

Makenzie Lee

Colorado State University
Co-authors
CT

Chad T. Miller

Colorado State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 12B

9:15am CDT

CHEX 2 - Soilless substrate hydrology can improve plant morphological development and predict stomatal regulations under harsh growing conditions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
The global increase in ornamental crop production has driven horticultural researchers to better understand the efficiency and sustainability of production input. Soilless substrates serve a crucial role in supporting outdoor nursery-grown plants, where container substrates must maintain sufficient moisture supply to the rootzone and continuously sustain shoot water loss. Nursery producers regularly face a changing climate, where unprecedented droughts, prolonged and increased air temperatures, and subsequent mandated water application restrictions present challenges for profitable harvests and yields. To date, there are little to no means in predicting container nursery stock performance, especially when grown in substrates with different water supply capacities (i.e., water storage and hydraulic transfer properties). Models have been used to predict plant responses to water stresses in soil systems based on dynamics of hydraulic conductance in the soil-plant-atmospheric-continuum (SPAC); though, no SPAC models have been applied to horticultural plants grown in soilless substrates. To better prepare for climate-challenges in nursery production systems, new methods of understanding substrate capabilities to withstand harsh growing conditions are needed. The study herein uses predictive tools (i.e., SPAC models) derived from measured data, namely substrate and plant hydraulic characteristics, to understand how plants respond (i.e., physiological output; water loss) when grown in harsh growing conditions (e.g., drying substrate and atmosphere). Plants were grown in four differing bark particle diameters: (1) 6.3 mm. Substrate water potential were maintained between -50 and -100 hPa to produce plants at similar water availabilities. Substrate hydraulic conductivity decreased as particle size increased, highlighting different water transfer properties across substrates at similar water availabilities. Plants produced in finer textured substrates had greater root and shoot morphological development, including greater fine root growth and aerial biomass. No differences were detected in root and shoot hydraulic conductance. The SPAC models showed that plants grown in finer textured substrates were able to maintain physiological function longer under drying substrate or atmospheric conditions, while plants grown in substrates with lower water transfer properties sharply decreased physiological output (i.e., faster stomal closure). The hydraulic models applied herein can inform growers that producing plants in finer textured substrates, or substrates that have greater hydraulic conductivity, can enable plants to maintain physiological functions even in harsh growing conditions.
Speakers Co-authors
BW

Brett Wolfe

Louisiana State University
NA
JF

Jeb Fields

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 12A

9:15am CDT

HSMP 2 - Ammonium to Nitrate and Nitrogen to Phosphorous Ratios of Commercial Fertilizers have Limited Impact on Containerized Herb Growth
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Today, fresh herbs can be sourced as live container-grown plants year-round in the produce section of most retailers. Commercial fertilizers are selected based on several factors, including the ratio of ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen and phosphorous concentration. The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of increasing phosphorus concentrations alongside different ratios of nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations in commercial water-soluble fertilizers on the post-production performance of containerized culinary herbs. Seedlings of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese’) were transplanted into 11.4 cm-diameter containers filled with soilless substrate compromised of peat moss and coarse perlite. Upon transplant and throughout the experiment, seedlings were irrigated with commercially available water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) solutions variying in potential acidity (PA) or potential basicity (PB) and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (N:P), including: 15N-0.9P-12.5K (PB 195 CCE/ton; 167N:10P); 15N-1.8P-16.6K (PB 77 CCE/ton; 83N:10P); 15N-2.2P-12.5K (PB 69 CCE/ton; 68N:10P); 15N-4.8P-14.1K (PA 58 CCE/ton; 15N-7P-24.1K (PA 122 CCE/ton; 21N:10P); and 20N-4.4P-16.6K (PA 401 CCE/ton; 45N:10P); 31N:10P). Plants were grown in two different phases: 1) in a greenhouse for 28 d at 22°/18° and 12 mol∙m–2∙d–1 to simulate a greenhouse production phase; and 2) in a growth chamber for 7 d at 20° ADT and 1 mol∙m–2∙d–1, to simulate a production and retail environment, respectively. After each phase, data was collected on half of the plants.. Plant height increased by 1.7 cm across treatments between the end of the greenhouse phase and the end retail phase. The relative growth rate of fresh mass accumulation decreased from 5.7 g∙d–1 during production to 1.2 g∙d–1 during the retail phase. Similarly, relative growth rate of dry mass accumulation decreased from 0.5 g∙d–1 during production to -0.2 g∙d–1 during the retail phase. The pH during the greenhouse phase was higher for basil fertilized with higher-nitrate formulations compared to those receiving fertilizers with more ammonium, but these differences were diminished during the retail phase. The results of this study indicate environment has a greater impact on plant growth and development than both the potential basicity or acidity and phosphorus content of fertilizer provided.
Speakers
NA

Nicole Arment

Iowa State University
NA
Co-authors
CC

Christopher Currey

Iowa State University
JB

Jennifer Boldt

United States Department of Agriculture
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 11B

9:15am CDT

LOCSY 2- School Gardening Leadership Certificate Program – Training School Teachers Sustainable Horticulture Practices
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Seeding Success - The Louisiana Farm to School (F2S) Program sponsors a four-day intensive training targeting teachers and those that support school gardening and integrating gardens into the curriculum. The training has been offered each summer for the past five years with classroom and hands-on horticulture training in the mornings and in the afternoons, demonstration of classroom lessons linked to state standards, taste tests, and integration of farm to school into the classroom. The horticulture program focuses on the horticulture extension materials developed for the F2S program under the Sustainable School and Home Garden series, including the Louisiana Planting Guide and individual crop guides with all the materials available on the seedstosuccess.com website. Hands-on horticulture activities such as vermicomposting, composting, seeding and “bumping up” and planting transplants are introduced each day that are designed to be used in schools. All of the activities are intended to support the development and maintenance of school gardens and curriculum development. Participants provided feedback on the training and overwhelming benefited from the School Gardening Leadership Certificate Program. Data from the extension program will be presented including data on program, specific topics, and analytics.
Speakers
CM

Carl Motsenbocker

Professor, Executive Director Louisiana Farm to School Program, Louisiana State University
Dr. Carl Motsenbocker is a professor of horticulture and sustainable agriculture at Louisiana State University. Motsenbocker is Executive Director of the Louisiana Farm to School Program and teaches Organic Gardening, Sustainable Agriculture and Vegetable Crops at LSU. Motsenbocker... Read More →
Co-authors
DC

Denise Cummins

School of Plant, Env. and Soil Sciences
NA
IF

Issabella Frank

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Local Food Systems 2
  • Funding Source USDA Child Nutrition Funds

9:15am CDT

VCM 2- Investigating Heat Tolerance and Physiological Responses of Late-Planted Tomatoes in Oklahoma
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Consumers seek locally grown tomatoes for their superior flavor, making them a valuable crop for local vegetable growers. Tomato production can be difficult with the temperature requirements for fruit set, development, and ripening. Optimum growing conditions are available for a short period in Oklahoma, causing a distinct decline in production during late July and August. A field experiment was designed to investigate the success of late planted, heat tolerant tomatoes in Oklahoma field conditions, as well as explore the relationship between physiological responses and season-long temperatures. The experiment utilized a split plot design with three transplanting dates as whole plot and five cultivars as subplot. ‘Red Snapper’ and ‘Laguna Red’ were selected as potential heat sensitive cultivars. ‘Bella Rosa’, ‘Volante’, and ‘Florida 91’ were selected as heat tolerant cultivars, based on previous trial information. Planting occurred on April 23, May 9, and May 23 to represent early, mid, and late plantings dates, respectively. Physiological measurements were collected every two weeks and included electrolyte leakage, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Plants were harvested routinely from June to the end of August. Cultivars were not found to be significantly different in the trial for yield or physiological responses. The early planting date was the most productive, compared to mid and late. Yield dropped dramatically for all planting dates in August. There was a strong positive correlation between electrolyte leakage and temperature and a moderate negative correlation between photosynthetic rate and average daily temperature. These correlations indicate that physiological parameters may be able to provide insight into late season thermotolerance. Future research will involve cultivar screenings in controlled environments to promote a wider range of responses to temperature.
Speakers Co-authors
JQ

Justin Quetone Moss

Oklahoma State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Foster 1

9:15am CDT

VGBR 1 - “Seed to Seed in 100 Days”: Development of a Low-Cost Speed Breeding Protocol for Chile Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Speed breeding is a technique that utilizes controlled environments and optimal lighting (photoperiod) conditions to accelerate germination, development, and maturity of plants. One of the major constraints for its adoption and implementation in vegetable breeding programs is the high cost associated with growth chambers. The objective of this study is to develop a Speed Breeding protocol for chile peppers using an improvised, low-cost growth chamber constructed using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic, greenhouse film, mylar reflective film, full-spectrum and far-red light-emitting diode (LED) growth lights. Four C. annuum L. genotypes, namely, NuMex Lotalutein (a serrano type), NuMex Odyssey (New Mexican), NuMex Las Cruces (cayenne), and Early Jalapeno (jalapeno) were planted in two randomized flat trays, using SunGro propagation soil, and watered twice daily. After reaching the 2-3 leaf stage, the treatments (control and Speed Breeding, SB) were transplanted into 8” pots, incorporating sterilized and LM-AP soil mixtures. The control group was cultivated in standard greenhouse conditions for growing chile peppers, exposed to normal daylight intensity and duration, and an average temperature of 21°C and humidity of 40%. The chamber was also constructed in the same greenhouse. From weeks 1 to 5 after planting, the SB-treatment was subjected to 20h/4h light/dark conditions daily, and 9h/15h light/dark after week 5. Light intensity was increased by ~100 photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) weekly after week 5, from ~150 PAR to ~800 PAR. Data was recorded weekly to examine the effects of treatment on germination rate, plant size, leaf number and color, number of flowers, buds, and fruits, and days to flower and fruit. There were significant differences (Tukey HSD, P < 0.05) between treatments for germination rates, number of buds, fruits, leaves, and days to flowering. The SB-treated pepper plants exhibited faster and higher germination, darker green leaves, and a higher number of buds and fruits compared to the control. For instance, SB plants started flowering, on average, about 20 ± 5 days earlier, germinated 5 ± 1 days earlier, and had, on average, 15 ± 2 more buds than the control. Notably, all genotypes under the SB-treatment had at least one fully mature fruit ~106 days after sowing. These results suggest that, at minimal costs, there is a potential to achieve increased generation times to accelerate cultivar development and genetic improvement in chile peppers.
Speakers
SN

Shahab Nourbakhsh

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
AV

Amanda Velazco

New Mexico State University
NA
DN

Dennis Nicuh Lozada

New Mexico State University
UM

Uriel Martinez

New Mexico State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:15am - 9:30am CDT
Foster 2

9:30am CDT

CE 3 - Effect of Substrate and Nutrient Levels on Ginger Growth and Yield Under Controlled Environment
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Domestic production of ginger is increasing, as it is used in a variety of culinary and medicinal applications due to its unique flavor and potential health benefits. However, some growing parameters, such as growing media and fertigation levels, have not yet been optimized for containerized production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and rhizome yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale) using different soilless substrates and nutrient levels under greenhouse conditions. Two separate experiments were conducted, each lasting six months. In Experiment 1, six substrates were evaluated: 100% coir (control), 100% peat, peat-bark mixtures at 75%-25%, 50%-50%, and 25%-75%, and 100% bark. In this setup, 1-2 sprouted ginger rhizomes were transplanted into each 12 L nursery container and harvested after 3 and 6 months of transplanting. In Experiment 2, five nitrogen-based nutrient levels (50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 ppm N) were evaluated. In this setup, 1-2 sprouted ginger rhizomes were transplanted into grow bags filled with coconut coir pith and husk chips. In both experiments, treatments were arranged as completely randomized design with six replicates. Physical growth parameters, such as the number of stems, relative chlorophyll content, number of roots, unemerged buds, and fresh and dry weight of stems, roots, and new rhizomes, were measured. According to the data from Experiment 1, no significant differences were observed among the substrates, except for the fresh and dry weight of stems and the dry weight of roots at mid-harvest in the peat-bark 25%-75% combination. In contrast, nutrient level significantly influenced all ginger growth parameters except chlorophyll content. Ginger grew well under low nutrient levels (50 to 100 ppm N). The overall growth differences between 50 and 500 ppm N ranged from 6% to 68%. For example, the fresh and dry weight of new rhizomes were 65.7% and 49.1% greater at the 50 ppm N nutrient level, respectively. The results demonstrated that ginger plants prefer well-draining substrates with low nutrient levels under controlled-environment production.
Speakers
MC

Milon Chowdhury

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
US

Uttara Samarakoon

The Ohio State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Strand 12B

9:30am CDT

HSMP 2 - Peak Separation by Derivative Spectroscopy Applied to FTIR Analysis for Detection and Quantification in lavender Essential Oils
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Lavender (Lavandula sp) is an important source of high-quality perfumes and has multiple medicinal properties, such as anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, and hypnotic properties. Due to its high market price and medicinal value, lavender essential oil was analyzed. There is a need for rapid, robust, easy, accurate, and cost-effective methodologies for quality control of essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants. This research evaluated the ability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques to identify the of lavender essential oil. Principal component analysis (PCA) was successfully used with 100% accuracy to differentiate lavender essential oil samples from three cultivars. The essential oils linalool and linalyl were identified. The results demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy can be used as a reliable, robust, rapid, accurate, and low-cost analytical technique for quality assessment of Lavandula essential oil. This study aimed to develop a new and rapid spectroscopic method using chemical modeling techniques for the qualitative and quantitative identification of essential oils in three lavender essential oil species (Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula intermedia, and Lavandula stoechas). Fifty-two principal component analysis (PCA) models were created, and the one with the best statistical results was evaluated. The best discrimination and quantitative analysis models were found to be those using standardized spectra. The results obtained demonstrated the possibility of successfully detecting the essential oils of three lavender species within a wide concentration range, without the use of any toxic chemicals or pretreatments. The results showed that FTIR models were able to accurately predict all constituents and identify essential oils in lavender. Lavender essential oil was extracted from lavender samples using the Soxhlet technique using 70% alcohol and compared using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR analysis of the pure essential oil extracted from three lavender species revealed distinct peaks for linalool and linalyl, the two main chemical components.
Speakers
KA

Keefah AL-Garallaa

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
IA

Ishmael Apachigawo

Mississippi State University
avatar for Richard Harkess

Richard Harkess

Mississippi State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Strand 11B

9:30am CDT

VGBR 1 - Watermelon Glycemic Index Footprint: Management through Production System, Breeding and Precision Dieting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Watermelon is a preferred fruit in the Caribbean and all over the world and is the second most consumed cucurbit by harvest weight in the Virgin Islands after cucumber. While quality of water of watermelon is commonly judged by sweetness, the ratios of types of sugars are hardly considered. Watermelon is classified as one of the fruits with very high glycemic index, GI – the measure by which a dietary intake increases the blood sugar compared to pure glucose whose GI is 100. Watermelon is normally promoted as a highly nutritious as it is one of the best sources of potassium, but can be both a blessing and curse, especially for consumers with high blood sugar-related ailments. Here we report on preliminary efforts we are making to produce watermelons that have reduced GI. We are using hybridization as well as exploiting genotype-by-environment interactions to influence sugar composition in fleshy fruit tissues. We have obtained three hybrids that have at least 22% reduced glucose and at per brix compared to the parents. We are also testing a series of shadehouse systems, two of which show the potential to lower glucose ratio in the fruits. We hope to refine these methods and evaluate the watermelon lines for yield and sugar trait stability before recommending plant materials and production systems to interested farmers. Key words: Hybrids, sugar, glycemic index, genotype by environment, production system, sucrose, watermelon.
Speakers
HA

Henry Awika

University of the Virgin Islands
Co-authors
DG

Donna Gonzalez

University of the Virgin Islands
NA
HH

Hannah Hazard

University of Wisconsin Oshkosh- Oshkosh
NA
JS

Johnson Southwell

University of the Virgin Islands
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:30am - 9:45am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Vegetable Breeding 1

9:44am CDT

TECH - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:44am - 9:45am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Marcelo Barbosa

Marcelo Barbosa

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:44am - 9:45am CDT
Strand 11A

9:44am CDT

VSF 1 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:44am - 9:45am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:44am - 9:45am CDT
Foster 1

9:45am CDT

CE 3 - Quantifying Effects of pH on the Growth of Fresh-cut Culinary Herbs in Recirculating Nutrient Solutions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Hydroponic production systems with recirculating nutrient solutions are routinely monitored and adjusted to maintain a target pH value. Supra-optimal or sub-optimal pH values can lead to nutrient deficiencies or toxicities, respectively, reducing crop quality and yields. The objective of our research was to determine appropriate nutrient solution pH ranges for herbs grown in recirculating nutrient solutions. Two week old seedlings of basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Nufar’), and three week old seedlings of dill (Anethum graveolens ‘Hera’), parsley (Petroselinum crispum ‘Giant of Italy’), and sage (Salvia officinalis), grown in phenolic foam cubes were transplanted into one of six deep-flow technique (DFT) systems in a greenhouse with different pH treatments. Treatments consisted of pH setpoints of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0. DFT systems contained nutrient solutions made with tempered municipal water supplemented with a complete water-soluble fertilizer (16N-2.2P-14.3K) to maintain a target electrical conductivity of 2.0 dS·m–1. The nutrient solution pH was maintained through a dosing system using 2% sulfuric acid and 2% potassium hydroxide as the acid and alkali, respectively. One-third (by vol.) of the nutrient solution was renewed with freshly mixed 16N-2.2P-14.3K fertilizer each week of production to ensure adequate nutrients in the nutrient solution. Greenhouse target environmental conditions consisted of day and night temperatures of 22 °C and 18 °C respectively, and a daily light integral of 12 mol∙m–2∙d–1. The optimal pH for culinary herb growth varied by species. Basil fresh mass was optimized at pH of 5.5 and decreased by 41.7% when grown at pH 7.0 compared to basil grown at pH of 5.0. Basil grown at pH of 7.0 was 3.38 cm shorter than plants grown at pH of 6.0. Similarly, dill and parsley had the greatest fresh mass when grown at pH of 5.0 and 5.5, respectively, and fresh mass was reduced by 40% and 33 %, respectively, when grown at pH of 7.0 compared to their optimum pH. In contrast, sage growth increased with pH, with a 17% increase in fresh mass between pH of 4.5 and 7.0. The results of this study indicate herbs may be able to grow throughout a broader range of pH values than originally thought, if nutrients do not become limited. Furthermore, when possible, hydroponic culinary herb producers can group species with similar pH requirements to maximize yields.
Speakers
HK

Hannah Kramer

Iowa State University
NA
Co-authors
CC

Christopher Currey

Iowa State University
JB

Jennifer Boldt

United States Department of Agriculture
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 12B

9:45am CDT

TECH - AI-Driven Yield Forecasting Using UAV-Based Imagery: Insights from a Pecan Orchard
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Forecasting yield is a timely opportunity to make anticipated harvesting decisions on the grown crop and understand field variability. Such information is a remarkable contribution to the precision agriculture context. However, developing such an approach is challenging for perennial crops such as pecan. These crops present slight canopy changes, which often do not reflect the upcoming yield. Consequently, waiting for the harvest date is the only approach to obtain yield data. Conversely, the advent of image-based data and artificial intelligence techniques has proven their applicability in addressing this issue. Therefore, our objective was to analyze whether UAV multispectral images and AI-based data analysis are suitable for developing forecasting models for yield in pecan trees. Hence, we began collecting multispectral images approximately five months before the harvesting date. Each data collection date had an interval of fifteen days, totaling ten multispectral image sets. Subsequently, we processed the images to generate ten orthomosaics (one for each date). The orthomosaics were used to calculate numerous vegetation indices, texture data, and the canopy area to be used as inputs for the forecasting models. At the harvest date, we measured the yield of 78 individual plants across two pecan fields. Before developing the forecasting models, we performed a correlation analysis to better understand the relationship between the image data and yield. Afterward, we developed the forecasting models using machine learning algorithms, namely, multiple linear regression, decision tree, support vector machine, and random forest. The dataset was split into 70% (n = 55) for training and 30% (n = 23) for testing. The training dataset was used to train the forecasting models, while the testing dataset was used to assess the models’ effectiveness regarding precision (coefficient of determination, R²) and accuracy (mean absolute error, MAE; and root mean squared error, RMSE). All the models produced interesting results and could be implemented to forecast yield in pecan trees. However, random forest outperformed the others (high precision and accuracy) and, therefore, was the remaining model for this study. Forecasting yield in pecan trees presented increased effectiveness, improving the models’ performance early on and establishing higher accuracies closer to the harvesting date. We also performed a feature importance analysis, where predominantly the texture data contributed better to the models’ performance. Certainly, our findings are timely and support pecan growers and stakeholders in making better decisions for harvesting with anticipated and accurate yield data without waiting for the harvesting date.
Speakers
avatar for Marcelo Barbosa

Marcelo Barbosa

University of Georgia
Co-authors
LW

Lenny Wells

University of Georgia
NA
LO

Luan Oliveira

University of Georgia
NA
LS

Lucas Sales

University of Georgia
Agronomy Engineer graduated from the Federal University of Paraíba. With experience in the management and cultivation of Ornamental Plants, through a year of experience working in Greenhouses in the state of New Hampshire, USA. Experienced in the management and cultivation of vegetables... Read More →
RD

Regimar dos Santos

University of Georgia
Bachelor's degree in agronomic engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil at 2021. Master's degree in plant production with an emphasis on computational intelligence in genetic improvement at 2022, with a doctorate in progress at the state university of... Read More →
VM

Victor Martins

University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Strand 11A

9:45am CDT

VSF 1 - Evaluating drought tolerance of southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberries
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Blueberries (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus) are prone to drought due to their shallow root system and limited ability to uptake water from the soil. Previous research has shown rabbiteye (Vaccinium virgatum) blueberries to be more tolerant than highbush varieties (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to abiotic stresses. However, little is known about their response to drought and whether there are ecotype- or cultivar-specific responses. In order to breed for more drought-tolerant cultivars, this study aims to identify drought tolerant mechanisms within existing cultivars of both southern highbush (SHB) and rabbiteye (RE) blueberries. We evaluated seven cultivars of southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberry for physiological response and fruit quality characteristics under water deficit and recovery across two consecutive years. Overall, drought was found to decrease photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate, leaf relative water content, specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and maximum rate of RuBP regeneration (Jmax). Additionally, drought treatment was found to significantly decrease yield and average berry weight while increasing total soluble solids and berry firmness. Misty (SHB) was identified as the most drought tolerant cultivar due to maintenance of CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and yield under drought conditions across both years, while Suziblue (SHB), Powderblue (RE), and Vernon (RE) were found to be more sensitive to water deficit. Star (SHB) was tolerant of drought in the short term but performed worse under repeated drought events.
Speakers
SB

Savannah Busby

Auburn University
Co-authors
AS

Alvaro Sanz Saez

Auburn University
NA
CL

Courtney Leisner

Virginia Tech
NA
SH

Sajid Hanif

Auburn University
NA
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
TR

Tanzeel Rehman

Auburn University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:00am CDT
Foster 1

9:45am CDT

Coffee Break
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:15am CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:45am - 10:15am CDT
Empire AB

9:59am CDT

ORGH 1 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:59am - 10:00am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
SP

Samantha Pratt

Oklahoma State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 9:59am - 10:00am CDT
Foster 2

10:00am CDT

ORGH 1 - Effect of Microalgae Application on Yield and Nutrient Composition of Arugula
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Effect of Microalgae Application on Yield and Nutrient Composition of Arugula Sam Pratt1*, Shivani Kathi1, Steve Phillips2, and Justin Moss1 1Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 2Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 *Presenting author- Samatha.pratt@okstate.edu Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) has been used as a biofertilizer in horticultural crop production in controlled environment production systems. However, research gaps exist in the application of chlorella biofertilizer in field-based production systems. The goal of this research is to assess the impact of microalgae biofertilizers on crop productivity and nutritional quality of arugula grown in open-field using certified naturally grown production practices. To understand the impact of microalgae biofertilizer on soil nutrient and organic matter content, soil testing was done before and after treatment. Treatments included 50% and 100% nitrogen fertilizer and chlorella applied through foliar, soil and foliar soil application. Chlorella application began a week after transplanting. Data was collected on number of leaves per throughout the study and fresh and dry weight at harvest. Plant samples were analyzed for nutrient composition of leafy greens (chlorophyll, carotenoids, and mineral nutrients composition). Results show that soil applied chlorella was more effective application method regarding the overall impact on yield. Continued research on the addition of Chlorella in crop production can offer additional nitrogen sources for low chemical input and organic based production systems.
Speakers
SP

Samantha Pratt

Oklahoma State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Foster 2

10:00am CDT

TECH - Towards developing a unified model for non-destructive sugar content estimation in persimmon independent of genetic variability
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Non-destructive estimation models often require cultivar-specific calibrations due to spectral differences arising from genetic variability. Integrating diverse cultivars into a single model can reduce costs and simplify data collection. However, in persimmons, the abundant and variable proanthocyanidins in the fruit overlap with spectral regions used for sugar estimation, rendering accurate prediction with a single model challenging. In this study, we attempted sugar estimation in diverse persimmon cultivars using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging. A total of 989 spectral measurements were acquired from 34 persimmon cultivars. Regression models employing various pre-processing and modeling techniques achieved a maximum R² of 0.786, indicating the feasibility of modeling sugar content across diverse cultivars with a unified approach. Furthermore, by designing a cover for the NIR sensor and combining it with SNV pre-processing, we demonstrated that stable spectra for sugar estimation can be obtained under outdoor conditions. With further improvements in accuracy, this approach is expected to facilitate rapid fruit quality evaluation and contribute to optimized production.
Speakers
SN

Soichiro Nishiyama

Kyoto University
Co-authors
AT

Airi Tomata

Kyoto University
NA
RT

Ryutaro Tao

Kyoto University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 11A

10:00am CDT

VSF 1 - Water Requirements for Establishing a New Planting of Northern Highbush Blueberry in Western Oregon
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Regional recommendations for blueberry irrigation exist, but few studies report the actual amount of water needed. The goal of this multiyear project was to determine the water requirements for growing northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Weighing lysimeters were used to measure crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of three cultivars with various ripening seasons, including ‘Duke’ (early season), ‘Top Shelf’ (mid-season), and ‘Aurora’ (late season). Each lysimeter was constructed from steel and included a large soil tank (1.5-m wide × 0.9-m long × 1.0-m deep) positioned on four hermetically sealed, shear-beam load cells, housed inside an underground chamber. Plants were spaced 0.9 × 3.0 m apart in the lysimeters (one plant/lysimeter) and surrounding field (0.4 ha) and managed using standard industry practices, including raised planting beds mulched with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) sawdust, grass alleyways between the beds, irrigation with two lines of drip tubing per row, and fertigation with nitrogen and other nutrients as needed. During the first year after planting, ETc totaled 94–104 mm, depending on the cultivar, or 18–19% of total potential evapotranspiration (ETo) from initiation of the measurements on 1 June to when irrigation was turned off for the season on 23 September 2023. That year, crop coefficients (Kc), calculated by dividing ETc by ETo obtained from a nearby agricultural weather station, averaged 0.11, 0.15, 0.27, and 0.41 each month from June through September, respectively. The following year, the plants were lightly cropped (0.2–0.8 kg of marketable fruit per plant), and ETc totaled 175–343 mm, or 30–59% of total ETo. At that point, Kc averaged 0.31, 0.34, 0.45, 0.61, and 0.61 each month from 14 May to 30 September, which was the entire timeframe in which the plants were irrigated. This project is ongoing and will continue until the plants reach full production. Once the study is finished, a set of seasonal Kc curves will be developed for each cultivar and uploaded to regional websites called AgriMet and AgWeatherNet, where they will be used to automatically calculate irrigation water requirements using meteorological data from local weather stations.
Speakers Co-authors
CS

Camilo Souto

Universidad de Concepción
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:15am CDT
Foster 1

10:00am CDT

Syngenta Recruiter Talk
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:30am CDT
Learn about careers at Syngenta Flowers.
Speakers
AC

Alicain Carlson

Syngenta Flowers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 10:30am CDT
Hort Theater

10:00am CDT

International Horticultural Issues & Networking (IHIN) Interest Group Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
open to all interested attendees
Presiding/Moderator
MS

Mike Schnelle

Oklahoma State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 4

10:00am CDT

National Issues Committee Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 14

10:00am CDT

Water Utilization and Management Interest Group Business Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Open to all attendees.


Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 3

10:00am CDT

Complimentary Seated Massage
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 4:00pm CDT
Take a moment to relax and recharge with a complimentary seated massage in the exhibit hall! Offered exclusively to conference attendees, this refreshing experience is available on a first-come, first-served basis, so be sure to stop by early. Whether you need a quick escape from the hustle and bustle or a moment to unwind between sessions, our skilled massage therapists will help melt away tension—leaving you refreshed, reenergized, and ready to make the most of your time at the conference. Don't miss out on this perfect opportunity to treat yourself!
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:00am - 4:00pm CDT
Empire AB

10:14am CDT

FRBR 1 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
VW

Vance Whitaker

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 12A

10:14am CDT

PH 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Jagjit Singh

Jagjit Singh

Graduate Research Assistant (MS), Auburn University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 12B

10:14am CDT

TCHG 1 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Alicia Thomas

Alicia Thomas

Assistant Professor of Practice, Texas Tech University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:14am - 10:15am CDT
Strand 11B

10:15am CDT

FRBR 1 - Breeding Medallion™ ‘FL 16.30-128’ Strawberry
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Florida Medallion™ ‘FL 16.30-128’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa; hereafter referred to as Medallion; U.S. Patent PP33,451) was released from the University of Florida in 2020. By 2024 this cultivar occupied approximately 15% of acreage in central Florida. The unique characteristics of this cultivar, in particular its early yields and fruity flavor, point to the breeding strategy employed in its development. Medallion originated from a 2016 cross between two unreleased selections. Marker-assisted selection was applied to this cross using a PCR-based marker for the FaFAD1 gene controlling production of gamma-decalactone, a volatile imparting fruity flavor. Seedlings homozygous for the functional allele were retained. At the advanced selection stage, trials of Medallion were conducted at the research plots of the University of Florida Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC) in Wimauma, FL and fruit were harvested for sensory and chemical analyses over five seasons. The increased dosage of the FaFAD1 gene resulted in high production of gamma-decalactone. Trained sensory panels perceived improved sweetness and strawberry flavor intensity of Medallion to be above the current industry standard ‘Florida Brilliance’. Additional background and data will be presented illustrating the early yield of this variety and other characteristics making it suitable for the central Florida industry and suggesting future breeding strategies for improving strawberry flavor.
Speakers
VW

Vance Whitaker

University of Florida
Co-authors
AP

Anne Plotto

USDA ARS
NA
CD

Cheryl Dalid

University of Florida
NA
JB

Jinhe Bai

USDA ARS
NA
LO

Luis Osorio

University of Florida
NA
ME

Mark E. Porter

University of Florida
NA
NP

Natalia Peres

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 12A

10:15am CDT

ORGH 1 - Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Broccoli Yield and Soil N Mineralization
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Organic vegetable farmers use a wide variety of nitrogen (N) fertilizers from commercial products (made from animal and seed meals) to manures and composts. These organic N sources must undergo mineralization and nitrification to become plant available inorganic N (microbial processes). How much and when nitrogen becomes available can be highly variable dependent on product characteristics and local weather conditions, and this subsequent N availability can greatly impact yield. The objective of this study was to determine nitrogen mineralization, head timing, and overall yield from seven different organic fertilizer treatments on fall broccoli (Brassica oleracea ‘Castle Dome’). Studies were conducted over two years at the UGA Durham Horticulture Farm on certified organic land and organic fertilizers (with the exception of the control) were applied to provide a rate of 134 kg N ha-1. Fertilizers ranged from processed animal meals to composts and fresh poultry litter. Nitrogen mineralization was measured using in-situ soil cores and ranged from 0 (immobilization) to 100% of the N applied. Significant N was observed from the soil only treatment which provided on average 100 kg N ha-1 over the growing season. In both years, overall higher yields were observed with blood meal and lowest yields were observed with compost/control treatments. Fertilizer type impacted the timing of heading and overall harvest windows.
Speakers
KC

Kate Cassity-Duffey

University of Georgia
Co-authors
MC

Miguel Cabrera

University of Georgia
NA
TC

Timothy Coolong

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source SARE

10:15am CDT

PH 2 - Exploring the Effect of Postharvest Storage on Composition Changes in Selected Muscadine Grape (Vitis Rotundifolia Michx.) Cultivars
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Muscadine grapes are native to the southeastern U.S. and are known for their unique flavor and aroma. Rapid postharvest deterioration of muscadine berries is a major barrier in market expansion. This study investigated the change in muscadine berries’ general composition over a four-week storage period. The vines were planted at the Chilton Research and Extension Center, Clanton, AL in a randomized complete block design with four single plant replications. Berries from the perfect-flowered cultivars ‘Hall’, ‘Paulk’, and ‘Southern Home’, and from the pistillate cultivars ‘Eudora’ and ‘Supreme’ (standard) were studied. Experimental vines were harvested on Aug. 2 and Sept. 4, 2024. One-pound clamshells were filled with berries collected from each experimental vine. Fresh samples (Week 0) were compared for berry quality changes occurring after 1, 3, and 4 weeks of cold storage at 4°C and 85% RH. After completing each storage period exposure, the berry samples were allowed to rest for 1 hour at room temperature. The change in berry weight and firmness was recorded after each storage treatment and 5 berry subsample was frozen at -80°C for later analysis of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS:TA ratio and pH. Our results indicate that the 4 Weeks storage period led to a significant weight loss of 11.3% in ‘Paulk’ and 7.6% in ‘Supreme’ berries in comparison to Week 0. It was found out that both cultivar and storage duration were accountable for the significant firmness reduction with ‘Paulk’ and ‘Supreme’ experiencing 51.4% and 46.2% reduction by Week 4 in storage. Titratable acidity increased significantly over time in all cultivars. The highest TA at Week 4 (0.67) was recorded for ‘Southern Home’, while ‘Paulk’ berries had the lowest TA (0.44), indicating strong cultivar effect (p < 0.0001). After the first week of storage, berries of ‘Hall’ were significantly sweeter than ‘Paulk’, while at Week 4, all cultivars had similar sweetness. Due to an increasing acidity trend, fruit pH decreased with increase in storage time exposure. Both cultivar and storage duration affected the berry pH. TSS:TA ratios varied significantly by cultivar and storage period duration with ‘Supreme’ maintaining its sweetness level throughout the four weeks of storage. Overall, the prolonged storage period resulted in significant firmness reduction and increased acidity with ‘Paulk’ exhibiting the highest reduction of berry firmness while ‘Supreme’ consistently maintained sweetness level over the 4-week period.
Speakers
avatar for Jagjit Singh

Jagjit Singh

Graduate Research Assistant (MS), Auburn University
Co-authors
BC

Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba

Auburn University
NA
EV

Edgar Vinson

Auburn University
EC

Elina Coneva

Auburn University
MT

Marlee Trandel Hayse

Auburn University
MR

Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez

Auburn University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source USDA-SCBG-ADAI and Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium (SR SFC)

10:15am CDT

TCHG 1 - AI-Driven Learning in Horticulture: Insights from a Nursery Business Plan Project
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
In today’s rapidly evolving digital world, education has undergone a significant transformation. By utilizing Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, educators can offer personalized learning experiences, generate adaptive content, and provide real-time support to students. This study integrated Generative AI tools into the HORT 431 Nursery Production and Management course to develop and enhance the “Nursery Business Plan” assignment. The objective was to improve student brainstorming and writing skills through AI-assisted processes while fostering critical thinking, creativity, teamwork, and reflective practices. Students worked in teams to develop their nursery business plans, utilizing tools like ChatGPT and Copilot to generate ideas and create structured outlines. Each team also developed a logo for their proposed business, adding a creative dimension to the assignment and allowing exploration of branding and marketing concepts. Multiple rounds of feedback from AI tools enabled students to refine their drafts and improve the quality of their writing, emphasizing the importance of revision and continuous improvement. Teams submitted reflections on their experiences with AI tools, including what worked well, the effectiveness of different prompts, and the role of human oversight. At the end of the semester, teams submitted their finalized nursery business plans and defended them through oral presentations. Overall, this project provided a holistic learning experience aimed at preparing students for their future careers.
Speakers
NM

Navreet Mahal

Instructional Assistant Professor, Texas A&M University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 11B

10:15am CDT

TECH - Evaluating Leafy Greens Under Opaque and Thin-Film Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Arrays
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Combining green roofs with solar modules can protect plants and produce energy in cities. Growing crops in this system is called rooftop agrivoltaics (RAV) and can complement current urban agriculture efforts. We evaluated a group of five leafy green crops (arugula, kale, lettuce, spinach, and Swiss chard) under different solar modules over two years at two locations. Data measurements were taken for fresh and dry weight (FW, DW) stomatal conductance (SC), plant size at harvest (PSH), and microclimate data. Treatments included a polycrystalline opaque silicon module, a cadmium telluride (CdTe) frameless opaque module, a 40% semi-transparent CdTe module, and a full sun control. Four of the five leafy greens produced higher FW and DW under the 40% semi-transparent modules compared to other treatments and the full sun control, except spinach. Most species also produced larger PSH under the PV module treatments compared to the full sun control. Leafy greens under the module treatments resulted in lower SC, however, lettuce and Swiss chard grown under the semi-transparent module treatment produced higher SC compared to all other treatments. This research shows that incorporating photovoltaics on rooftop gardens influences the yield and stomatal conductance of select leafy green crops. While FW and DW mostly decreased under the deep shade treatments (opaque module, frameless module, and bifacial module) SC decreased, possibly due to less solar radiation on the leafy greens, reducing water use. Understanding the growth characteristics and growing environment of high value crops like leafy greens will increase understanding of what food crops are suitable for RAV systems.
Speakers
AV

Armando Villa-Ignacio

Colorado State University
Armando Villa-Ignacio is a Ph.D. student under Jennifer Bousselot Ph.D. in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at Colorado State University. He received his B.S. in Conservation from SUNY-ESF and his M.S. in Horticulture at CSU. He is currently researching raspberry... Read More →
Co-authors
JB

Jennifer Bousselot

Colorado State University
MC

Maria Chavez

New Mexico State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Technology Applications in Horticulture

10:15am CDT

VSF 1 - Investigating Humic Acid for the Recovery of Blueberry Fields after Hurricane Helene
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
The southeastern United States is a major producer of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum), however extreme weather events pose significant threats to blueberry production. On September 24, 2024, Hurricane Helene made landfall in Georgia, causing substantial damage to commercial blueberry fields, including uprooted or leaning plants, broken branches, and defoliation. Our project examines the effectiveness of staking leaning plants and humic acid application to enhance the recovery of blueberry plants after hurricane damage. Trials were conducted in five commercial sites with three different cultivars: ‘Farthing’, ‘Legacy’, and ‘Optimus’. Treatments included staking of leaning plants and the application of humic acid alone or in combination. Plant physiological responses were assessed using SPAD (chlorophyll content), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance (Gsw). Preliminary data indicate that staking leaning plants improved light interception, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency in damaged blueberries. The application of humic acid did not result in enhanced plant recovery beyond staking alone. Root and canopy assessments are ongoing and will help determine whether the practice of staking damaged plants and the incorporation of humic acid contributes to long-term plant recovery. Our study will help blueberry producers implement evidence-based strategies to increase the resilience of blueberry fields following extreme weather events.
Speakers
FR

Federica Rossi

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AG

Amit Godara

The University of Georgia
NA
FB

Fabian Bismarck Reyes Rivas

University of Georgia
NA
LP

Luan P de Oliveira

University of Georgia
MT

Maria Theodorakopoulou

University of Georgia
NA
VA

Vinicius Araujo

University of Georgia
NA
ZR

Zilfina Rubio

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 10:30am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 1

10:15am CDT

Workshop: Best Practices for Program Impact Survey Research
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Everyone working at the university level is expected to evaluate the impact of their programs. The knowledge and practice of evaluation is assumed to be among the skill sets of staff, including early career staff, without the provision of professional development or analysis support. This is not the case. In 2024, Rutgers conducted statewide and national surveys of Master Gardener programs. Of staff and faculty responding to Rutgers national survey, 73% said that they either did not have the time or the knowledge of evaluation processes to successfully evaluate their programs.

This workshop will explore the process and outcome of this research followed by a hands-on activity illustrating the pitfalls of survey creation and how to avoid them. This opportunity to learn about survey data collection and analysis while using data that is current and relative to the Master Gardener program is invaluable. The participants of this workshop will experience designing research surveys, evaluating data and using sound research processes while exploring data collected via the Rutgers study from over 2,000 participants ranging from volunteers to national stakeholders. Unexpected vs. invalid outcomes will be included. The data presented as examples is as important as the learning process. For example, 97% of staff respondents, regardless of organization, did not see the Master Gardener volunteers as “masters of horticulture”. Participants will attempt to determine if this is an indication of survey bias or process issues or is the data valid, revealing training deficiencies, performance issues, or bias toward volunteers as non-professionals. Participants will leave with a better understanding of how to evaluate their Master Gardener programs and with foundation data on which to build future analysis.

Moderator: Ruth Carll, State Leader, Consumer Horitculture, Rutgers

Speakers:
  • Ruth Carll, State Leader, Consumer Horticulture, Rutgers
  • Belinda Chester, Senior Program Coordinator, Rutgers
Overview Goal:
The goal of this workshop is to bring together professionals who manage Master Gardener programs and, through guided discussion, identify methods for implementing surveys that deliver valid data by examining a current survey project’s development process and outcomes.

Format:
  1. Pre-test
  2. Group introduction and orientation to the topic
  3. Small group activities with real-time reporting
  4. Post-discussion assessment
  5. Partnership creation
  6. Wrap-up and distribution of notes

Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:15am - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 10

10:29am CDT

Undergraduate Student Poster Competition - Session 2
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:29am - 11:40am CDT
Please be at your poster at 10:30 AM.  Once the judges come to you to hear your presentation, please confirm with them that it is okay to leave.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:29am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB

10:30am CDT

FRBR 1 - The Effects Of High Daily Light Integral LED Lighting On Strawberry Runner Production, And The Genotype-Specific Responses
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strawberries rank among the most economically significant horticultural crops in the United States, with a production value of approximately $3.4 billion in 2023. Year-round demand and widespread popularity necessitate extensive efforts to improve fruit quality, yield, and production in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). As part of these initiatives, optimizing runner production for the year-round availability of planting materials is crucial. The importance of photoperiod and light intensity in runner production has been highlighted previously; however, a thorough exploration of the relationship between the total light quantity received during the entire experimental period and runner production is lacking. This study assessed the responses of strawberry genotypes to sunlight and high-performance LED lighting in runner production. Continuous measurements of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and daily light integral (DLI) provided an accurate assessment of light exposure during the cultivation period across eight strawberry accessions. In a glasshouse under sunlight, plants experienced variable light conditions due to fluctuating weather, with an average DLI of approximately 10 mol m⁻² d⁻¹, whereas under LED lighting in a growth chamber, a stable DLI of 44.1 mol m⁻² d⁻¹ was recorded. No runner formation was observed under sunlight over 44 days, whereas minimal production in two accessions, PI 551445 and PI 616509, was observed within 12 days following the previous 44-day experimental period, with each accession producing one runner. In contrast, stable and high DLI led to significantly higher runner production. When an ANOVA test was conducted using only runner count data from the stable and high DLI conditions, significant differences in runner formation were observed among the tested strawberry accessions (F value = 2.91, p = 0.03). Accessions PI 616509 and PI 679822 produced the most runners, averaging 6.5 and 4.5, respectively, whereas PI 551692 and PI 551445 produced none and one runner, respectively. These results suggest that strawberry runner production depends on cumulative light exposure and genetic makeup. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into optimizing strawberry runner production in CEA, demonstrating that stable, high-intensity LED lighting can effectively overcome the limitations of variable natural light and enhance year-round production efficiency.
Speakers Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Fruit Breeding 1
  • Subject Fruit Breeding
  • Funding Source Hatch Project 8483-0-H-DALL and Multistate Hatch Project 7001-0-MSH-DALL to Krishna Bhattarai

10:30am CDT

ORGH 1 - Leveraging Rendered Animal and Treated Manure Products For Nutrient Management and Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation in Organic Watermelon Production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Nutrient and weed management are two of the biggest challenges in organic vegetable production systems. Anerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is an effective method to manage the weeds and soil borne pathogens in organic production systems. In ASD, a carbon source is added to soil followed by watering to saturation and covering with plastic mulch to create anerobic soil conditions. Rendered animal and treated manure products have significant content of plant nutrients and carbon and can serve both as organic fertilizer and carbon source for ASD. A field experiment was conducted using three different carbon sources meat and bone meal (MBM; rendering product), MBM Sulfur and treated manure solids with objective to evaluate the effect of different carbon sources and their application rates on nutrient management and ASD in organic watermelon under traditional and novel charter next generation plastic mulch. We will be evaluating the treatment effect on soil cumulative anaerobicity, percent weed coverage, yellow nutsedge rhizome viability, plant vigor ratings, shoot and root biomass, periodic nutrient leaching, soil nitrogen and phosphorus content, plant tissue nutrient content (root and shoot), soil pH, soil C, N and P mineralization enzymes and soil microbial biomass. In results, MBM with sulfur at 150% recorded the highest cumulative anaerobicity and low weed coverage suggesting that it could be an excellent tool for soil nutrient management and weed control in organic production system.
Speakers
avatar for Ashok Sah

Ashok Sah

Clemson University
I am a Ph.D. student working on anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) technique, its application for nutrient and weed management in horticultural crops (watermelon).
Co-authors
AT

Anastasia Thayer

Clemson University
NA
BJ

Bhupinder Jatana

Clemson University
BW

Brian Ward

Clemson University CREC
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source USDA

10:30am CDT

PH 2 - Insights into the Postharvest Quality of Brassica Leafy Greens Grown in the Southeastern United States
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Brassica leafy greens are important vegetable crops in the Southern United States, where they are commercialized in whole and fresh-cut formats. Their consumption is associated with health benefits as these crops are rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. Several factors contribute to the postharvest quality of Brassica leafy greens. Preharvest seasonal variations associated with environmental variables can have a significant influence on shelf-life and quality maintenance and have been reported in various Brassica species. The effect of postharvest temperature management and mechanical stress induced by fresh-cut processing has also proven to be critical in organoleptic and nutritional quality; however, none of these factors have been systematically studied in collards, kale and turnip greens. This project aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the postharvest performance of whole and fresh-cut kale, turnip greens and collards during storage at different temperatures (2, 5 and 7°C) for up to 28 days in two growing seasons (fall and winter-spring). Cooling delays after harvest were imposed on some experiments. We also characterized the shelf-life of commercial and traditional collards ('landraces') commonly grown in the Southeast. Organoleptic (color, marketability scores, total soluble solids) and compositional (total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total polyphenols, lycopene, vitamin C and ammonia contents) were monitored during postharvest storage. Results revealed there was significant quality variation in fresh-cut kale, collards and turnip greens, which could attributed to genotypic differences and preharvest factors in each growing season. High shelf-life variability among commercial collards and landraces was observed. Moreover, postharvest storage at abusive temperatures accelerated quality deterioration in fresh-cut collards to a greater extent than in whole leaves. Collectively, these findings highlight that adjusting postharvest practices to seasonal shelf-life variations can contribute to minimizing food losses and optimizing produce supply chain performance. Furthermore, postharvest temperature regimes are critical in influencing the visual quality and nutrient retention of whole and fresh-cut collards during storage.
Speakers
avatar for Karin Albornoz

Karin Albornoz

Assistant professor, Clemson University
Co-authors
ZA

Zenaba Abdissa

Clemson University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source South Carolina Department of Agriculture, NIFA USDA

10:30am CDT

TCHG 1 - Exploring Artificial Intelligence Literacy Among Two-Year Horticulture Students
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in educational settings has transformed traditional teaching methods, offering enhanced personalization and efficiency. However, ensuring the safe and ethical use of AI among college-level learners remains a critical challenge, particularly in specialized fields like horticulture. This study explores the implementation of AI practices in the classroom with 15 two-year (associates degree) horticulture students, focusing on cultivating technical competence, ethical awareness, and industry relevance. Students were asked about their previous experience with AI and if they could detect which bodies of text were AI-generated versus human-generated. Students were then analyzed via an exercise by their ability to detect fact accuracy, depth of the topic, bias, and awareness of content ownership. Data was taken by observation and data collection. Results indicate that structured guidelines and instructor-led interventions significantly improve students' ability to responsibly use AI while understanding its limitations and potential biases. The study highlights the importance of embedding AI literacy within horticulture curricula to build student success of using the technology appropriately and fostering a culture of ethical AI utilization. These findings can be used to influence the introduction and usage of AI as a tool in two-year program horticulture curriculum.
Speakers
MK

Melinda Knuth

North Carolina State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 11B

10:30am CDT

TECH - Sensing the Airborne Alerts of Arugula Grown Under Salt Stress Using Low-Cost MQ Gas Sensors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Real-time monitoring of crop health is pivotal for advancing precision agriculture, enabling timely interventions to mitigate abiotic stress impacts. This study presents a novel and non-destructive approach for detecting salt stress in hydroponically grown arugula (Eruca sativa L.) using low-cost MQ gas sensors. Arugula seedlings, 11 days post-germination, were transplanted to a deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponic system in the greenhouse facility of The Pennsylvania State University. Salt stress was induced 9 days after planting by supplementing a modified Hoagland nutrient solution with sodium chloride (NaCl) at three concentrations: 0 mM (control), 40 mM, and 80 mM. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH and temperature parameters were regularly monitored during the cultivation period. Three MQ gas sensors—MQ2, MQ135, and MQ137—were integrated into a dome-shaped enclosure positioned over individual net pots, each containing four plants. To achieve a comprehensive volatile organic compound (VOC) profile, sensor units were strategically positioned on multiple plants within each treatment group. A total of 144 plants per treatment were cultivated, and two sets of sensor units recorded VOC emissions for 8 consecutive days. Salt stress significantly influenced plant growth, with fresh weight (FW) and leaf area decreasing as salinity increased. The 80 mM treatment exhibited the lowest FW and leaf area (61.69 ± 2.7 g, p-value = 0.015; 1434.25 ± 58 cm², p-value = 0.003), followed by the 40 mM treatment. All three MQ sensor responses revealed distinct VOC emission patterns correlating with salt stress levels. These sensor outputs were leveraged to train three machine learning models—K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest—to classify stress-induced VOC signatures. Among these, the cubic KNN model demonstrated superior predictive performance, achieving 98.73% accuracy, 98.74% precision, 98.73% recall, and an F1 score of 0.98 for the test dataset. These findings underscore the potential of cost-effective MQ gas sensors for real-time, non-invasive stress detection in crops, offering a promising tool for precision agriculture and early stress diagnosis. The integration of VOC sensing with machine learning models provides a scalable solution for enhancing crop management strategies in controlled environments.
Speakers
AA

Ali Ahmad

Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
JL

Jaime Lloret Mauri

Universitat Politècnica de València
NA
SS

Sandra Sendra Compte

Universitat Politècnica de València
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Technology Applications in Horticulture
  • Subject Technology Applications in Horticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work was supported by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Block Grants # C940001528 “Advancing the Sustainability of Indoor Urban Agricultural Systems”, the USDA-ARS Penn State Cooperative Agreement: 58‐6034‐3‐016 and by the Grant PRE2021-100809 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Social Fund Plus (ESF+). F. Di Gioia’s contribution was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations under Project no. PEN04723 and Accession no. 1020664.
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

10:30am CDT

VSF 1 - Drip Irrigation Strategies for Improved Blueberry Production in Substrate
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Substrate production in pots has emerged as a popular method for growing highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). However, there is limited knowledge on the best strategies for irrigation in substrate. To address this issue, a multiyear study was conducted in a retractable-roof greenhouse using ‘Legacy’ blueberry to determine an optimal combination of drip emitters (two, four, or eight emitters per pot) and irrigation set point (-2 or -4 kPa) and frequency (a single continuous pulse of up to 45 minutes or short 3-minute pulses every 15 minutes to reach container capacity). The plants were grown in 25-L pots filled with a mix of peat, coir, and perlite. Tensiometers were installed horizontally into the center of the pots to monitor the matric potential and to determine when to trigger irrigation. Irrigation was triggered automatically using a data logger and applied until the pots reached container capacity determined by small weighing lysimeters. Yield was highest in plants with eight emitters in the second year (first year of fruit production), but this difference diminished in year 3. A similar relationship was observed for aboveground biomass. Root size was also highest with eight emitters. Leachate pH and EC were mostly similar among treatments, but EC was more uniform throughout the pot with eight emitters. In contrast, the lower set point and shorter irrigation frequency decreased the ability of the pots to reach container capacity, particularly when the plants were irrigated with only two emitters per pot. Overall, the plants grew best when irrigation was triggered at -2 kPa and applied in single continuous pulses with four or eight emitters per pot.
Speakers
SO

Scott Orr

Oregon State University
Co-authors
CS

Camilo Souto

Universidad de Concepción
NA
CB

Cora Bobo-Shisler

Oregon State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 10:45am CDT
Foster 1

10:30am CDT

Driscoll’s Sweet Science: Hiring the Minds Behind the Berries
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:15am CDT
Discover how Driscoll’s, the global leader in fresh berries, attracts and hires top scientific talent to drive innovation in flavor, plant health, and sustainability. With R&D teams located across the U.S., Mexico, Europe, North Africa, and beyond, we employ a diverse range of scientists—from plant breeders and entomologists to molecular biologists and data scientists—who work collaboratively to deliver Only the Finest Berries™. This session offers an inside look at our hiring process, including what we look for in candidates, how to navigate our application and interview experience, and tips for standing out in a competitive field. Whether you're early in your career or a seasoned researcher, join us to learn how you can grow with Driscoll’s and be part of the science behind every berry.
Speakers
avatar for Logan McCollum

Logan McCollum

Driscoll's
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:15am CDT
Hort Theater

10:30am CDT

UG 2 - Achieving Faster Pepper Hybridization Potential by Light Intensity and Duration Manipulation
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Chile peppers (Capsicum spp.) have traditional breeding cycles requiring hybridizations and then multiple generations of backcrossing and/or inbreeding, over several years, to establish genetically stable cultivars. Accelerating breeding cycles is essential to address global agricultural and industrial demands. Light conditions, specifically photoperiod length and luminous intensity, play a crucial role in plant development and serve as key factors in optimizing breeding efficiency. This study examines the effects of manipulating photoperiod and light intensity on four C. annuum genotypes: NuMex Lotalutein, NuMex Odyssey, NuMex Las Cruces, and Early Jalapeno. There were 5 plants per genotype per treatment, one treatment being normal greenhouse conditions and another a growth chamber with LED grow lights. Plants were monitored for key growth and developmental metrics, including germination speed and rates, and days to flowering. The measurements were recorded and analyzed using Tukey’s HSD in R (⍺ = 0.05). Results indicate that manipulating light duration and intensity promotes faster germination and earlier flowering, potentially expediting hybridization processes within breeding programs. By reducing generation time, these findings suggest that targeted light treatments can significantly accelerate cultivar development, facilitating more efficient breeding strategies for Capsicum improvement.
Speakers
UM

Uriel Martinez

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
AV

Amanda Velazco

New Mexico State University
NA
DN

Dennis Nicuh Lozada

New Mexico State University
SN

Shahab Nourbakhsh

New Mexico State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB

10:30am CDT

UG 2 - Comparative Observation of Trichome Type and Density in Solanum spp. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Trichomes play vital roles in plant defense and environmental regulation, including protection from UV rays and herbivores, as well as helping to manage surface temperature and reduce water loss. There are two main types of trichomes, glandular, which produce secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes, and non-glandular, which are primarily involved in physical protection and regulation. This study aims to document and compare trichome type, density, and morphology in both wild and cultivated Solanum (tomato) species. Two wild species and two cultivated varieties were grown in a greenhouse, and leaf samples are collected during the vegetative growth stage. Small circular cuttings from mature leaves are air dried and examined under a Tescan Vega3 scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data was collected on trichome type, ratio, density, and morphology for each variety. This comparative analysis provides foundational information about trichome structure across tomato species, which may relate to differences in environmental adaptability or natural pest resistance.
Speakers
DP

Dalton Palmer

Utah Valley University
Co-authors
JR

Jeremy Redd

Utah Valley University
NA
YL

Yu-YA Liang

Utah Valley
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB

10:30am CDT

UG 2 - Evaluating the Effect of Selenium Biofortification on Beta-Carotene Accumulation in Upland Cress Grown in a Greenhouse
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Nutrient biofortification through micronutrient supplementation offers a practical approach to enhancing the nutritional profile of leafy vegetables while promoting sustainable food production. Selenium (Se), a vital trace element for human health, plays a significant role in plant metabolism and the synthesis of antioxidant compounds such as beta-carotene. However, just a few research has explored selenium's effect on beta-carotene accumulation in upland cress (Barbarea verna) under controlled greenhouse conditions. This ongoing study evaluates the effect of selenium biofortification on beta-carotene accumulation in upland cress using a deep-water hydroponic system. The experiment is laid out in a randomized complete design with a control and three selenium treatment levels (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg Se·L⁻¹), corresponding to control, low, medium, and high concentrations. Sodium selenate serves as the selenium source. Key growth parameters and environmental conditions such as pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution are monitored throughout the cultivation period. Half Strength Hoagland solution is being used as a nutrient solution for this research. Plant samples will be analyzed to determine the relationship between selenium uptake and beta-carotene content using spectrophotometric analysis. This research aims to identify the optimal selenium concentration that enhances beta-carotene synthesis without compromising plant growth or yield. Preliminary observations suggest a dose-dependent physiological response to selenium supplementation, which may contribute to biofortification strategies for functional leafy greens. Findings from this study will inform controlled environment agriculture practices and support the development of nutrient-enriched crops for improved human health. Keywords: Selenium biofortification, Beta-carotene, Upland cress, Hydroponics, Controlled environment, Greenhouse production, Functional foods, Nutritional enhancement.
Speakers
AA

Adekunle Adeyeye

Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY
Co-authors
TN

THEONESTE NZARAMYIMANA

Kentucky State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB

10:30am CDT

UG 2 - Identifying Heat Tolerant Root Stocks Out of Eight Different Tomato Cultivars Grown at Elevated Temperatures
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Identifying Heat Tolerant Root Stocks Out of Eight Different Tomato Cultivars Grown at Elevated Temperatures Samantha Buie, Courtney Dekalb-Myers, Shivani Kathi, Justin Moss Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078 *Presenting author- Samantha.buie10@okstate.edu Heat stress is a common challenge when it comes to tomato production in Oklahoma. High temperatures affect different physiological and biochemical functions in tomato plants, thereby affecting plant growth, yield, and fruit development. The current study aims to identify the heat tolerant tomatoes and their potential for root stocks out of eight tomato varieties. Different varieties of tomatoes include ‘Celebrity’, ‘Florida 91’, and trial varieties ‘NC 2/270’, ‘NC 2/271’, and ‘NC 2/272’ which are considered heat tolerant, while ‘Homestead’ and ‘Rutgers’ are considered heat sensitive. These varieties were replicated four times in completely randomized design in two different growth chambers. One growth chamber was maintained at an optimum temperature (26 °C/ 19 °C Day/night) and the other growth chamber was maintained at elevated temperature conditions (36 °C/ 26 °C). Data was collected on plant height, number of leaves, side shoots, flowers, and fruits, and plant and root biomass at harvest. The heat tolerant tomato cultivars had better plant and root characteristics than that of heat sensitive tomatoes. Identification of superior root stocks will help researchers use them in combination with better performing scions in future studies to develop heat-tolerant grafted tomato plants with improved growth and yield.
Speakers
SB

Samantha Buie

Oklahoma State University
Co-authors
CD

Courtney DeKalb Myers

Oklahoma State University
JM

Justin Moss

Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
NA
SK

Shivani Kathi

Oklahoma State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB

10:30am CDT

UG 2 - Reducing leaching during short-cycle, plant production reduces phosphorus losses
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Short-cycle, plant production requires frequent irrigation and readily available nutrients to support plant growth. However, excess irrigation can lead to higher leach volumes and nutrient losses that can slow plant growth while increasing offsite nutrient movement into sensitive areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect reducing leaching has on P losses during coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) production over a four-week production cycle. Coleus plugs were grown in 3-quart containers filled with a 3 pinebark:1 peat:1 vermiculite substrate amended with 0.3 kg m–3 N and P2O5 kg m-3. Irrigation was applied at 298 mL (1.05 cm) during a single two-minute cycle per day as a standard treatment versus coleus grown under a sensor-controlled irrigation system that ceased application once leaching occurred. Leachate was captured in one plant per replication for weekly measurement of pH, EC, and DRP. No differences in coleus growth index or shoot and root biomasses at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) occurred between coleus following either irrigation regimen. However, coleus subject to the sensor-controlled irrigation resulted in reductions in cumulative irrigation and leachate volumes of 40% and 69%, respectively, that led to a 45% reduction in cumulative DRP leached compared to coleus following the standard timed irrigation regimen. Limiting irrigation to reduce the incidence and volume of leaching can significantly decrease DRP losses without sacrificing coleus growth.
Speakers
EB

Evelyn Boakye

UNCP
I am an undergraduate student
Co-authors
BR

Braydann Revels

UNCP
I’m an undergraduate student majoring in biology with a biomedical emphasis.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB

10:30am CDT

UG 2 - Solarization of substrate using a solar oven to reduce weed seed competition
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Weed seed contamination of substrates often leads to weeds competing with the desired plant species for essential resources. The objective of this research was to evaluate if a solar oven provides a simple sustainable, solarization method for reducing weed competition in small batches of contaminated pine-bark based substrate. In the laboratory, petri dishes containing 100 weed seeds per plate that were subjected to 15 or 30-min heat treatments at 45, 60, and 75°C using a electric oven. Non-heat-treated seeds served as controls. Heat treated seeds and controls were then germinated in a growth chamber over twenty-one days. Weed seeds that were heat treated at higher temperatures for 30-min resulted in declining germination rates, while weed seeds exposed to corresponding temperatures for 15-min exhibited less efficacy in reducing germination. Based on the laboratory results, a field experiment was setup to evaluate solarization of a weed seed contaminated substrate using a solar oven. Substrates were mixed with 100 weed seeds per replication and subjected to >65°C for 30-min. Substrates were placed under greenhouse conditions to measure seed emergence. Weed seed emergence declined after solarization, however, performance of the solar oven was dependent on environmental fluctuations.
Speakers
BR

Braydann Revels

UNC-Pembroke
I’m an undergraduate student majoring in biology with a biomedical emphasis.
Co-authors
EB

Evelyn Boakye

UNCP
I am an undergraduate student
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB

10:30am CDT

UG 2 - Variety Trial of Hydroponic Brassica oleracea (kale) Across Different Systems and Natural Light Exposure
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
The aim of this project is to take seven different cultivars of Brassica oleracea (kale) and quantify their performance based on morphological and yield data and compare the results when planted in either west or east facing greenhouses and either Deep Water Culture (DWC) or Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic systems. Two identical greenhouses were set up with both a DWC and NFT inside, one facing east and one west. Seedlings were started in rockwool under the same conditions for 21 days in both greenhouses, then moved to either the DWC or NFFT system and left to grow for 25 days in similar fertilizer and pH levels. When comparing consumable plant mass (leaves) across these variables, the plants in the east facing bay had a 38% increased size compared to the plants in the west facing, the plants in the DWC had a 29% increase compared to the NFT. The varieties KX-1 and Oldenbor were the top performers across several categories including low size, high weight, and uniformity.
Speakers
DV

Devin Vitello

University of Tennessee Knoxville
I am an undergraduate researcher under Dr. Carl Sams here at The University of Tennessee Knoxville. I am majoring in Plant Sciences with a concentration in Horticulture and Production, and I have a minor in Food and Agriculture Business.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:30am - 11:40am CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Undergraduate Student 2
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source AURA

10:45am CDT

FRBR 1 - AI-optimized Strawberry Breeding in Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Plant breeding is a lengthy and demanding research. Traditional strawberry breeding requires many man-hours to manually measure plant characteristics, record data, and evaluate various desired traits. Also, human biases and prior perceptions or expectations can play a role in skewing the results. Thus, the plant breeding program at the University of Florida has developed AI tools to assist in different stages of breeding research. Developed AI models have offered accurate and quick data analysis to identify and quantify plant phenome (anatomical characteristics and traits). This reduction in the number of manhours to manually measure, record data, and perform destructive sampling, has greatly increased the ability to screen more breeding lines with fewer resources (time, plants, and money). These AI models can accurately with a high level of consistency measure the size of plant canopy, flowers, runners, and fruit maturity repeatedly throughout the season to create an individual profile of each tested breeding line. Five YOLOv8 based (computer vision) models were trained for strawberry runner detection including GI, UL-AI, SL-AI, Hybrid I (GI SL-AI), and Hybrid II (GI SL-AI UL-AI). Hybrid II model achieved 91% precision accuracy and 83% mAP50 (mean average precision at IoU of 50%). The use of AI image and video analysis has been reducing the time and resources needed to develop new varieties.
Speakers
WE

Wael Elwakil

Extension Agent II, University of Florida
Co-authors
XW

Xu Wang

University of Florida
NA
XZ

Xue Zhou

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 12A

10:45am CDT

ORGH 1 - Short-Term Effects of Organic Cover Crops on Macronutrient Cycling and Soil Properties
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
This study presents the evaluation of ten organic cover crops on soil fertility and macronutrient accumulation within their biomass. Field trials were conducted at the organic farm of Tennessee State University using a randomized complete block design with four replications under National Organic Program (NOP) management practices. The cover crops assessed includes barley, crimson clover, daikon radish, field peas, hairy vetch, mammoth red clover, medium red clover, tillage radish, white clover, and winter rye. Each plot measured 16 ft x 7 ft within a whole plot size of 190 ft x 63 ft. Cover crops were sown using a seed drill, adhering to USDA and SARE recommended seed rates. Soil Samples were collected at a foot depth both before and after cover crops termination to analyze the variations in soil properties such as pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, sodium, and organic matter. Aboveground biomass was clipped from 1ft2 quadrants across all replications, dried at 60oC for 72 hours. Samples were grinded to a fine powder using a 1100-watt Ninja blender and analyzed for nitrogen and carbon content using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Results indicated that most of the cover crops increased soil organic matter, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, and iron. In contrast, declines were observed in soil pH, potassium, manganese, calcium, boron, zinc. Significant differences were observed in the nitrogen and carbon accumulation among cover crops. Hairy vetch showed the highest nitrogen (4.24%) and carbon (46.62%) content, while barley and daikon radish had the lowest nitrogen (1.55%) and carbon (40.66%) content, respectively. The carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio ranged from 11:1 to 30.1:1, with legumes generally exhibiting lower ratios (11:1 to 15.3:1) demonstrating higher decomposition and quicker nutrient release. In contrast non-legumes had the higher ratios (25.4:1 to 30.1:1), suggesting slower nutrient release. These findings highlight the short-term impacts of different organic cover crops on soil fertility and nutrient cycling. The variation in macronutrient accumulation and C:N ratios provides practical insights for the growers in selecting appropriate cover crops to enhance soil health and support sustainable agricultural systems.
Speakers
SP

Sai Prakash Naroju

Tennessee State University
Co-authors
DN

Dilip Nandwani

Tennessee State University
NA
SC

Shahidullah Chowdhury

Tennessee State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source TSU Co-Operative Extension

10:45am CDT

PH 2 - Lettuce Postharvest Quality in Response to The Increase of Phosphorus Fertilizer
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Florida ranks third in the United States for lettuce production with approximately 90% of commercial lettuce cultivated on organic soils in southern Florida. These organic soils require phosphorus (P) inputs to sustain economic production and ensure lettuce shelf-life. Lettuce shelf-life depends on quality factors such as firmness, appearance, color, texture, decay, discoloration, and wilting. Optimal P fertilizer management is necessary to improve yield, market quality, and ensure postharvest quality (shelf-life). Over-fertilization can reduce quality, while deficiencies can limit yield and shelf life. Therefore, the objective of this research was to understand how different rates of P affect the lettuce shelf-life across four cultivated morphological types. Two field trials were conducted at the Everglades Research and Education Center in Belle Glade, FL, during the lettuce growing seasons (spring, fall, and winter). Experiments were set as a split-plot designed in which P fertilizer rates (0, 48, 97, 150, 195, and 210 lbs P2O5 acre-1) were considered as the main plot and four lettuce types (romaine, iceberg, butterhead, and leaf) as the subplot. Ammonium polyphosphate (11-37-0) was used as the source of P fertilizer. Shelf-life was evaluated over 10 days at 15 °C and 90% RH using visual ratings of 9 (excellent) to 1 (poor) following the protocol for an accelerated shelf-life testing. The estimated shelf-life was considered as the number of days when lettuce reached an acceptable appearance on the rating scale of ≥5 and multiplied by a factor of 2 (2-fold factor proportional to the deterioration rate). The results indicate varying responses to P fertilizer application in shelf-life that were significantly morphological-type dependent. Overall, leaf lettuce had the shortest shelf-life and iceberg lettuce had the longest shelf-life. Butterhead had an acceptable estimated shelf-life rating of 5 at 24 days at 210 lbs. P2O5 acre-1 while romaine and leaf had a shelf-life rating of 5 at 22 and 21 days at 210 lbs. P2O5 acre-1, respectively. In addition, crisphead had an acceptable estimated shelf-life rating of 5 above 35 days at 150 lbs. P2O5 acre-1. However, an acceptable shelf-life was maintained at 48, 150, or 195 lbs. P2O5 acre-1 in iceberg lettuce over 30 days. Together these results demonstrate that there is no effect of increasing the rate of P2O5 acre-1 to maintain economic yields on the lettuce shelf-life. Rather, shelf-life quality increases with P inputs.
Speakers
avatar for German Sandoya Miranda

German Sandoya Miranda

Associate Professor, University of Florida EREC
Co-authors
AB

Adrian Berry

University of Florida
NA
JA

Jairo Arcos Jaramilo

University of Florida EREC
JM

Jesse Murray

University of Florida EREC
NA
SS

Shabnam Sadeghibaniani

University of Florida EREC
NA
SS

Steven Sargent

University of Florida/IFAS
Professor and Extension Postharvest Specialist
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 12B

10:45am CDT

TCHG 1 - Integrating Virtual Reality Application in an Online Plant Propagation Course to Increase Comprehension
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
There has been increased interest in Virtual Reality (VR) applications in academic settings. Instructors aim to create and enhance tangible experiences for students in their courses, especially for online classes. These VR applications can be of significant interest for horticulture courses, considering many core curriculum courses include laboratory or hands-on learning components. Including VR applications for online students to experience these activities has the potential to increase engagement and learning outcomes. Feedback from students in the online HORT 260 Plant Propagation course at Colorado State University indicated accessibility challenges with materials and the ability to successfully execute course assignments taught online. More specifically, they noted the unit on greenhouse mist systems was not as comprehensive or tangible as they needed to complete an assignment on designing mist systems. With this in mind, we developed a VR mist system media component for the course using ThingLink software and annotated 360° images. For our study, students received static, annotated images in a PowerPoint presentation and the VR 360° images which the students could review. Assessment quizzes were created with one pertaining to the static images and the second to the VR 360° images. Five questions in each quiz were identical and asked about mist system concepts, and each quiz had 2 to 3 questions about the ability to understand concepts using the media. The second quiz also asked students to compare the two approaches, their general experience with VR in the classroom, and an open-ended feedback question. In total, 47 students participated between the Spring 2024 (n=7) and Fall 2024 (n=40) semesters. The questions included in both surveys did not yield statistical differences when their answers were compared. When asked about their perceptions of VR material, 66% of the respondents indicated that the VR material made concepts easier to visualize. Students were surveyed about their overall use and experience with VR in the classroom. Of the respondents, 42% had experienced VR before and 81% indicated they would like more VR material incorporated into the curriculum. Additionally, common themes were observed in the open-ended responses, including the desire for further improvement of VR material, an appreciation for increased visibility of concepts, and the desire for access to many forms of media like VR videos. Considering students’ perceived comprehension and confidence in the course concepts, further VR implementation in the course would be a worthwhile pursuit.
Speakers
ML

Makenzie Lee

Colorado State University
Co-authors
AL

Amy Lentz

Colorado State University
NA
CT

Chad T. Miller

Colorado State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 11B

10:45am CDT

TECH - Feasibility of Small- and Urban-Farm Agrivoltaics: Integrating Solar Energy Production with Specialty Crop Production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Land use is a major concern for our society, which impacts governmental regulations, industry and agriculture, and individual property owners. Agrivoltaics (APV) includes the combination of agriculture and photovoltaics energy production on a single plot of land. APV has been proposed as a way to integrate agriculture into large-scale photovoltaic arrays or integrate energy production into established agricultural operations. The objectives of this project were to establish replicated APV research trials with fixed vertical panel photovoltaic arrays and investigate the feasibility of growing various warm- and cool-season crops between them. Warm-season crops included tomato, watermelon, bush bean, and zucchini. Cool-season crops included fall-planted lettuce and beets as well as spring-planted spinach and lettuce. Vertical panels were constructed with four replications that examined systems effects of APV compared to the open-field. A split-plot randomized complete block design was utilized, whereby main plots included system and sub-plots were the crops. For each crop, yield, marketability, quality, and economic data were collected. Crop quality parameters tested included: visual quality, color, firmness, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids. Additionally, PAR sensors were located within crop rows to characterize light availability at the replicated site as well as at another solar array. Sensors were placed approximately 2.5’ above the ground surface to generally mimic mature plant canopy height, transversely across the expected light-treatment area. From the first year of study, similarities among the two systems (APV and open-field) were more numerous than significant differences. Only one statistically-significant treatment effect was found on crop yield, among one of two lettuce varieties grown in the fall (P
Speakers
AT

Alex Thill

Kansas State University Olathe
Co-authors
CR

Cary Rivard

Kansas State University
EP

Eleni Pliakoni

Kansas State University
GY

George Yang

Kansas State University
NA
LB

Logan Britton

Kansas State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Strand 11A

10:45am CDT

VSF 1 - Dissecting the Flower Bud Initiation and Dormancy Responses of Everbearing Blueberry Genotypes
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Day length and temperature interactively influence flower bud initiation in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids) plants. When days are short and temperatures are low, blueberry plants initiate flower buds rather than vegetative buds. Night interruption and/or warmer temperatures limit flower bud initiation. Once differentiated, flower buds enter endodormancy, restricting reproductive development to specific times of the year. Some genotypes in the University of Florida Blueberry Breeding and Genomics program have been observed to bloom in the middle of the summer under long days and warm temperatures. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted a controlled-environment experiment to assess flower bud initiation and dormancy responses in a summer-blooming genotype, ‘FL16-64’, compared to the standard southern highbush cultivar ‘Arcadia’. Plants were grown in growth chambers with factorial combinations of temperature and photoperiod treatments. Temperature regimes mimicked Florida field conditions: warm (28 °C day / 20 °C night) and cool (18 °C day / 10 °C night). Photoperiods included short (8 hours), neutral (12 hours), long (16 hours), and interrupted (8 hours 1 hour of night interruption) day lengths. There were 6 plants of each genotype per temperature-photoperiod combination. Results showed that warm temperatures promoted vegetative growth in both genotypes. ‘Arcadia’ developed flower buds primarily under short days and cool temperatures, and these buds entered endodormancy after differentiation. In contrast, ‘FL16-64’ initiated flower buds across all temperature and photoperiod treatments. Moreover, flower bud development was enhanced under warmer temperatures and neutral day lengths. Notably, these buds bypassed dormancy and progressed directly to bloom. These findings indicate that ‘FL16-64’ exhibits day-neutral flower bud initiation and some of its flower buds lack endodormancy, characteristics consistent with an everbearing growth habit. Everbearing blueberry genotypes could be used to produce blueberries during the domestic off season in Florida.
Speakers
GN

Gerardo Nunez

University of Florida
Co-authors
PM

Patricio Munoz

University of Florida
NA
SD

Sarah da Silva Benevenute

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 10:45am - 11:00am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Viticulture and Small Fruits 1
  • Subject Viticulture and Small Fruits
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (Contract# 28699)

11:00am CDT

FRBR 1 - Prevalence of powdery mildew in greenhouse production of strawberry
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Powdery mildew (PM) is a significant fungal disease in controlled environment horticulture (CEH). PM damages are increasingly being reported in fungicide-untreated and late planted open fields. Both field and protected systems in the major production regions of the world are facing heightened challenges due to the increasing disease occurrences. While PM has been efficiently managed by spraying chemical fungicides in field production, frequent use increases the risk of resistance development in pathogens. Additionally, fungicidal sprays may not be feasible to all CEH farms due to infrastructural restrictions or organic mode of production. The expansion of CEH production in Texas has created opportunities to extend strawberry cultivation from coastal regions to inland areas. However, PM management needs to be addressed given the conducive growing conditions in CEH. To study the prevalence of the disease, we evaluated 24 and 12 strawberry accessions arranged in a completely randomized design in two replications in the greenhouse and growth room conditions, respectively. In the absence of fungicide treatments, natural infections led to PM development within two weeks after transplanting. Disease ratings revealed incidence rates of 72% in the growth chamber and 49% in the greenhouse. The correlation between the two replications was 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. Accessions that exhibited little to no PM symptoms may be valuable for understanding host resistance mechanisms and could be utilized in breeding resistant cultivars in the future.
Speakers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Fruit Breeding 1
  • Subject Fruit Breeding
  • Funding Source Multistate Hatch Project 7001-0-MSH-DALL & Hatch Project 8483-0-H-DALL

11:00am CDT

ORGH 1 - Biostimulants to complement organic fertilizers in organic transplant production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has driven the adoption of organic farming and increased demand for organic transplants. However, transplant growth is often lower in organic fertilizers compared to conventional fertilizers. This is most likely caused by low nutrient availability in organic fertilizers. On the other hand, increasing organic application rates has the potential to induce salinity stress/toxicity. We hypothesize that biostimulants can complement organic fertilizers in crop production by enhancing nutrient uptake and increasing crop tolerance to abiotic stress and thus close the yield gap between organic and conventional fertilizers. In this study, we tested three biostimulants: humic acid and molasses (MicroLife Soil and Plant Energy) and two microbial based biostimulants with different beneficial microorganism populations (MicroGrow CM and MicroGrow Supreme). Four organic fertilizers were tested with biostimulants, two of which were animal-based fertilizers: Sustane (4-6-4, turkey manure) and Drammatic (2-4-1, derived from fish scrap) and two of which were plant-based fertilizers: Nature Safe (7-7-7, corn steep liquor) and Pre-Empt (fermented sugarcane molasses). After applying to peat-based substrate, we analyzed the leachate nutrient availability weekly. Both fertilizer and biostimulant affected available nutrient concentrations in substrate. Additionally, transplant performance was evaluated to determine the effect of biostimulant and organic fertilizer combination on transplant growth, mineral nutrition, and physiological responses. Transplant growth varied across the different combinations of biostimulants and organic fertilizers tested, suggesting potential interactions between these factors. Some biostimulant treatments, particularly in combination with specific organic fertilizers, showed a trend towards improved early growth compared to the organic fertilizers alone. These results showed synergistical effects between biostimulants and organic fertilizers, indicating the positive role of biostimulants in organic transplant production.
Speakers
JL

Jun Liu

Texas A
Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source Specialty Crop Multi-State Program grant TX-SCM-21-05, Hatch Project TEX07726, and Specialty Crop Block Grant GSC2022030.

11:00am CDT

PH 2 - Fruit Maturity Highly Affects Controlling Necrotic Peel Disorders By Mediating Major Metabolisms in Cold-stored Hardy Kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
The incidence of necrotic peel disorders during cold storage is a severe CI symptom observed in hardy kiwifruit, impacting fruit visual quality. This study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of necrotic peel disorder in ‘Daebo’ hardy kiwifruit cultivar during cold storage. This research aimed to investigate the effects of different soluble solids content (SSC)-based fruit maturity at harvest on the severity of peel disorder after storage and to present the associated biochemical alteration using integrated transcriptomic, antioxidant, and lipidomic analyses. The fruit of ‘Daebo’ hardy kiwifruit cultivar harvested at various SSC levels, including 5.5%, 6.1%, and 7.2%, were cold-stored for upto four weeks. Fruit harvested at 5.5% SSC exhibited the highest severity of necrotic peel disorder, accompanied by significant weight loss and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The enhanced activities of antioxidant scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, were observed, indicating the response of fruit to oxidative stress. However, lower enzymatic activities of dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase were insufficient to restore the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle. In contrast, the 7.2% SSC fruit contained higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, suggesting their role as natural antioxidants in mitigating oxidative damage. Additionally, lipid analysis revealed increased levels of phosphatidylcholine and fatty acids during fruit maturation, which are crucial for membrane stability. Notably, the differences in phosphatidic acid concentrations between SSC levels indicated its potential role in ROS scavenging. Overall, this study elucidates the biochemical mechanisms contributing to necrotic peel disorder in hardy kiwifruit during cold storage, highlighting the importance of SSC at harvest in managing fruit quality. These findings can comprehensively understand necrotic peel disorder and fruit maturity in hardy kiwifruit.
Speakers
HP

Hyowon Park

Chung-Ang University
Co-authors
JL

Jinwook Lee

Chung-Ang University
NA
UL

Uk Lee

National Institute of Forest Science
NA
YK

Yonghyun Kim

National Institute of Forest Science
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source This work was financially supported by a grant (Grant Number FP0802-2022-02-2025) from the National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS) in the Republic of Korea.

11:00am CDT

TCHG 1 - Generative AI in the online classroom: lessons from a plant physiology course
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Generative AI has the potential to transform instruction, especially in the online environment. As technology continues to change the educational paradigms we have been accustomed to, we need to understand how students utilize AI in the classroom. We describe results from self-reported student surveys in an online plant physiology course. Students could use AI or not to complete their work, however, regardless they had to report after each assignment. The discussions and lab reports are part of the course’s normal assessment activities. Additionally, students reported the time spent completing the assignment, and wrote a summary to include: (1) how did AI help you complete the assignment? (2) What did you do to revise or further improve it? (3) Did you cross-check the AI-generated information, i.e. factual and references? Of the AI tools students reported using, ChatGPT was used most (80%), followed by CoPilot, Gemini, and Google image search. The most common reason for AI use was to help with concept understanding (43%), followed by draft a script or outline (17%), proofreading and improve writing (11%), generate ideas (8%), and identify plants (5%). In fewer than 1% of the cases, students reported that AI helped them with troubleshooting. Students cross-checked the AI-generated information 76% of the time. There was no significant difference in time spent completing an assignment between students who reported that they used AI compared to the ones that did not use AI. Implementation of any new tool in education requires thoughtful planning, consideration, and support. Schools and educational institutions should provide robust training programs to equip teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to use AI tools effectively and confidently. This guidance should include not only the technical aspects, but also ethical considerations, potential limitations, and best practices to integrate it into their instruction methodology.
Speakers
SP

Svoboda Pennisi

University of Georgia
Co-authors
CR

Christy Rich

University of Georgia
NA
DY

Dan Ye

Michigan Technological University
NA
DJ

David Jespersen

University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 11B

11:00am CDT

TECH - A Graph Convolutional Network Approach for Hyperspectral Image Analysis of Blueberries Physiological Parameters Under Drought Stress
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Blueberries are extremely susceptible to drought due to their shallow root systems and limited water regulation capabilities. Climate change exacerbates drought stress in major blueberry production regions, which affect key physiological traits, such as leaf water content (LWC), photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), electron transport rate (ETR), photosystem II efficiency (φPSII) and transpiration rate (E). Current phenotyping methods for measuring these physiological traits are time-consuming and labor-intensive as well as limited by the need for specialized equipment. To address this, a high-throughput phenotyping (HTPP) platform integrated with hyperspectral camera and a novel graph convolutional network (GCN)-based model, Plant-GCN, was developed to predict physiological traits of blueberry plants under drought stress. Spectral reflectance obtained from the hyperspectral images were transformed into a graph representation, with each plant represented as a node, spectral reflectance as node features, and edges defined by spectral similarities. The Plant-GCN model utilizes graph convolutional layers that aggregate information from neighboring nodes, effectively capturing complex interactions in the spectral signature and enhancing the prediction of physiological traits. Plant-GCN achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.89 for LWC, 0.94 for A, 0.89 for gs, 0.92 for ETR, 0.93 for φPSII and 0.89 for E on the test dataset. The performance of the proposed Plant-GCN model was compared with multilayer perceptron (MLP), partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF), and it consistently outperformed all these models as well as data published in other reports. The high-throughput phenotyping system enabled efficient large-scale data collection, while the Plant-GCN model captured long-range spectral relationships significantly improved the prediction of physiological traits. The high predictability of the models could facilitate the screening of blue-berry cultivars for the specified traits allowing the selection and breeding of new drought tolerant cultivars in the future.
Speakers
MH

Md Hasibur Rahman

Auburn University
Co-authors
TR

Tanzeel Rehman

AUBURN UNIVERSITY
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 11:15am CDT
Strand 11A

11:00am CDT

Ornamentals Collaboration Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 12:00pm CDT
A forum for discussion of potential collaborations with regards to ornamentals – i.e. floriculture, nursery crops, breeding, turf, ornamentals industry, botanic gardens, landscape industry, orchids, etc.
Presiding/Moderator
AC

Alicain Carlson

Syngenta Flowers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Collaboration Center, Empire AB

11:00am CDT

Hort Industry Interest Group Business Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Open to all attendees.


Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:00am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 3

11:14am CDT

CITR 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:14am - 11:15am CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AA

Alisheikh Atta

University of Florida
Alisheikh Atta currently works at the Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida. Alisheikh does research on HLB-affected citrus nutrient and water management. He studies the impact of plant nutrients on the performance of citrus trees, irrigation water... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:14am - 11:15am CDT
Foster 1

11:15am CDT

2026 International Horticultural Congress in Kyoto Japan
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Overview of the upcoming 2026 International Horticultural Congress in Kyoto Japan.
Speakers
MO

Masafumi Omori

Kyoto University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Hort Theater

11:15am CDT

CITR 2 - Nutrient Management and Rootstock Performance Enhance Nutrient Uptake, Tree Growth and Development, and Fuit Yield and Postharvest Fruit Quality of Sweet Orange
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Crop protection measures, cultural practices, nutrient and irrigation management, rootstock selection, and other studies have been conducted to alleviate the devastating bacterial disease of huanglongbing (HLB, aka citrus greening) in recent years. However, there is no single cure for HLB caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which is spread by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. The objectives of the study were to assess whether tree growth, soil and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations, fruit yield, and postharvest quality can be improved through improved nutrient management using selected rootstocks. The study was conducted on ‘Hamlin’ citrus trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] budded on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) or Swingle rootstocks [Citrus paradisi Macf. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] from 2019 – 2021. The study was conducted in a split plot design with two rootstocks as main plots, three nitrogen rates (168, 224, and 280 kg ha-1) as sub-plots, and secondary macronutrients (control, Ca or Mg-thiosulfates at 45 kg ha-1 each, and a combination of Ca and Mg at 22.5 kg ha-1 each) replicated four times. Results indicated that soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) were significantly accumulated in an oscillating (between spring and summer seasons) pattern for soil NH4-N and persistent accumulation of NO3-N on both rootstocks. Leaf Ca and Mg nutrient concentrations were significantly greater in Cleopatra than Swingle rootstocks. Trees on Swingle rootstocks react greater than those on Cleopatra rootstocks. Control trees had a lower LAI than those that received either Ca and/or Mg treatments, and the impact is significantly prevalent on Swingle than on Cleopatra rootstocks. Trees on Cleopatra had greater canopy volumes than Swingle rootstocks. However, the impact of secondary macronutrients manifested only after the third year of the study. Fruit yield significantly increased with a magnitude of 1.8× in the trees that received combined Ca and Mg treatments than a control tree. Greater fruit total soluble solids were detected in trees that received Mg or combined Ca and Mg treatments. Hence, nutrient management can enhance tree growth, fruit yield, and postharvest quality and can be used as an immediate solution until the HLB can be permanently eradicated.
Speakers
AA

Alisheikh Atta

University of Florida
Alisheikh Atta currently works at the Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida. Alisheikh does research on HLB-affected citrus nutrient and water management. He studies the impact of plant nutrients on the performance of citrus trees, irrigation water... Read More →
Co-authors
DK

Davie kadyampakeni

University of Florida
NA
KM

Kelly Morgan

University of Florida
NA
MR

Mark Ritenour

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Foster 1

11:15am CDT

FRBR 1 - Machine Vision for Detecting and Quantifying Fruits and Flowers to Evaluate Concentrated Fruit Set in Tomato
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Fresh market tomato is one of the most valuable crops in the US. However, production relies heavily on manual labor, which can account for over 30% of the total per-acre cost, with a large portion attributed to harvesting. In the southeast US, most tomato plants are staked and tied, and fruit are hand-harvested multiple times as they mature, increasing labor costs and operational inefficiencies. Compact Growth Habit (CGH) tomato varieties have a shorter stature that does not need to be staked and allow for more labor-efficient harvesting options, providing a promising alternative to traditional production. A key breeding objective for CGH tomato is to develop lines with a more concentrated fruit set (CFS), defined as a higher proportion of fruits reaching maturity synchronously. This trait would enable once-over harvesting, substantially reducing labor inputs while improving operational efficiency. Furthermore, the successful implementation of once-over harvest strategies in CGH tomatoes may facilitate the adoption of mechanized harvesting systems, addressing labor shortages and enhancing scalability in fresh market tomato production. This study aims to develop a computer vision model to automate detecting and quantifying tomato fruits and flowers in CGH breeding trials. High-resolution RGB images of top-view canopies were collected from experimental plots during the spring and fall seasons of 2024, capturing phenotypic variability across diverse environmental conditions and growth stages. The dataset is undergoing preprocessing, annotation, and augmentation to enhance model robustness. A YOLO-based object detection model will be trained to classify and quantify flowers and fruits. Model performance will be assessed using standard evaluation metrics, including precision, recall, and F1-score. By accurately detecting and quantifying fruits and flowers across developmental stages, this system will enable breeders to analyze flowering progression and identify CGH tomato lines with improved CFS, supporting the selection of varieties optimized for once-over harvesting. Preliminary model training using 1,370 training images, 116 validation images, and 335 test images in roboflow using YOLOv11 yielded promising results, with a mAP@50 of 94.7%, precision of 85.1%, and recall of 91.0%, demonstrating the model's potential to support phenotyping for concentrated fruit set. Future research will focus on enhancing detection accuracy, expanding dataset diversity, and integrating multispectral imaging techniques to optimize model performance and applicability across different environments.
Speakers
SS

Shubham Singh

University of Florida
Co-authors
DC

Daeun Choi

University of Florida
NA
JC

Jessica Chitwood-Brown

University of Florida
XW

Xu Wang

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 12A

11:15am CDT

ORGH 1 - Long-term Application of Animal and Forest Waste on a Vineyard and its Effect on Yield and Soil Health
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Increased concerns over the last several decades on environmental quality have stimulated farmers to accept organic farming as an alternative to inorganic agriculture. Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia var. Summit) is native to the southeastern United States and has been cultivated for over 400 years. Muscadine and its products are highly nutritious and a good source of antioxidants and dietary fiber that have positive effects on health. Muscadine was grown on Memphis Silt Loam soil (Typic Hapludalph, silty, mixed, thermic). Three treatments of organic manures (cow-C; poultry-P; cow poultry-CP) with gypsum and pine mulch were applied in a CRD. Control received inorganic fertilizers and traditional cultural practices. Dolomitic lime was applied every 2 to 3 years to balance the soil pH of the soil and the pine needle was continuously applied as a thick mulch to bring down the soil pH to neutral and also to prevent moisture evaporation from basins where fresh animal waste was applied. This thick layer of pine needle mulch helped avoid irrigation even during the hottest summer. While strictly following the protocol, soil samples were collected and analyzed at Cornell Soil Health Lab, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, after 17 years of continuous organic research with the same treatments. The experimental design for data analysis was a completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment. Leaf area index (LAI), percent canopy cover, stem diameter, and yield were higher in organic plants. There was no significant difference in diameter, length, and degree brix of the fruit. Soil compaction was always higher in control with lower soil moisture content and the compaction was lower in organic treatments due to higher level of organic matter content. Concentrations of nitrate-N and P were higher in the surface soil treated with organic manures, but there was no trend in N or P enrichment in the lower layers of the soil. A comprehensive assessment of soil health done by Cornell Soil Health Lab showed the following: physical aggregate stability 19.0 25, biological organic matter 4.0 85, biological ACE soil protein index 6.8 43, biological soil respiration 0.8 75, biological active carbon 747 90 and chemical soil pH 7.1 100 with an overall quality score of 72 (Excellent). The results suggest that the controlled application of animal and forest wastes in basins of fruit trees can be an agronomically and environmentally sound practice to increase yield and keep the soil and humans healthy.
Speakers
avatar for Girish Panicker

Girish Panicker

Professor of Plant and Soil Sciences & Director of Conservation Research, Alcorn State University
Dr. Girish  Kumar Panicker, Professor of Plant and Soil Sciences and Director of Conservation Research, at Alcorn State University, Mississippi, is an authority on cover and management (C-factor) research on horticultural crops and is an internationally renowned agricultural scientist... Read More →
Co-authors
WM

Willie Mims

Alcorn State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Funding Source USDA/NIFA

11:15am CDT

PH 2- Investigate the Molecular Mechanisms of Postharvest Senescence in Vegetables
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Postharvest longevity of perishable produce remains a challenge in the global fresh market supply chain. Postharvest longevity is determined by the rates of ripening and senescence, which are influenced by harvest time and storage conditions. Ripening and senescence are predominantly regulated by ethylene, which produces a plethora of metabolic effects within the harvested produce, leading to physiological and developmental changes during postharvest. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) are prone to yellowing and wilting due to the relatively high respiration rate and tissue senescence during postharvest handling, transportation, and storage, which greatly affects the quality and reduces market value that led to the problem of food waste and loss. Broccoli florets treated with hydrocooling, 1-MCP (ethylene inhibitor) and controlled atmosphere (CA) can delay the senescence. However, little is known about the mechanisms on how those treatments worked at the molecular level. Here, we combined a physiological, biochemical, and genomics analyses on the postharvest broccoli and identified a core gene regulatory network governing senescence-associated developmental events, ethylene-regulated signaling pathways, and activation of stress responses. Additionally, we developed genome-editing toolkits by CRISPR/Cas9 system to understand deterioration of broccoli as well as through machine learning approaches to aid development of an innovative and easy-to-use accessibility tool to accurately estimate the freshness of produce. The findings give insights into ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction at the tissue-specific level in broccoli and provide guidance on how to extend broccoli shelf life and reduce its economic losses, which also generate genetics and molecular recourses for marker-assistant breeding and expand the general scientific knowledge of regulating senescence of Brassicaceae family.
Speakers
avatar for Tie Liu

Tie Liu

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 12B

11:15am CDT

TCHG 1 - Beyond Plant Knowledge: Cultivating Soft Skills through International Horticulture Experiences
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
As horticulture careers increasingly demand adaptability, communication, and cross-cultural understanding, developing soft skills is essential for preparing future professionals. This study examined how participation in a faculty-led horticulture study abroad program influenced student growth in interpersonal and professional competencies. The program, Flowers and Photography in Europe, combined visits to botanical gardens, public green spaces, and production facilities across Spain, France, and Italy. Students engaged in group travel, horticultural site visits, and guided cultural immersion while completing reflective prompts centered on navigating unfamiliar environments and understanding cultural perspectives. Pre- and post-program surveys assessed student confidence in these areas, while reflective writing provided qualitative insights. Results indicated that navigating diverse environments and interpreting horticultural practices abroad fostered stronger communication skills, cultural awareness, and confidence in professional interactions. Students also reported greater appreciation for the social role of horticulture in global settings. These findings suggest that integrating intentional reflection into experiential learning abroad can help students connect horticultural content with essential career skills, offering a well-rounded model for global horticulture education.
Speakers
avatar for Julie Campbell

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
Co-authors
JH

Jessica Holt

The University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 11B
  Oral presentation, Teaching Methods 1
  • Subject Teaching Methods
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Association of Public and Land-Grant University's Academic Programs Section - Innovative Teaching Award

11:15am CDT

TECH - Advanced Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Bacterial Leaf Scorch Disease Scouting in Pecan Orchards
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Bacterial leaf scorch is a harmful disease for pecan production, which can cause premature canopy defoliation, reduced kernel weight, and significant yield losses. The disease can cause a 10-13% reduction in shell nut weight and a 14-19% decrease in kernel weight, adversely affecting the quality and quantity of pecan yields. Early detection and precise management are important for minimizing economic losses and sustainable disease management. Current methods, such as manual scouting and conventional imaging, are inadequate for pecan orchards due to the trees' height and their inability to capture temporal changes or disease transmission patterns. Spatio-temporal modeling is a useful technique that enables tracking disease spread across time and location, identifying hotspots and transmission patterns to prioritize areas needing urgent intervention. This study aimed to develop a spatio-temporal model to visualize and evaluate the progression of bacterial leaf scorch disease in pecan orchards. High-resolution multispectral images of pecan trees were collected using a drone- mounted multispectral camera. A 3D point cloud was generated using Pix4D to create a reference NIR point cloud, and other vegetation indices point clouds were then aligned to provide sufficient data for model training. Ten vegetation indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE), Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MRESR), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI), Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Chlorophyll Index - Red Edge (CI_RE), and Simple Ratio Index (SR), were used to evaluate disease sensitivity. Individual tree canopies were segmented using the 3D DBSCAN algorithm for each index. A point transformer deep learning model was trained with 3D vegetation indices of each tree with the ground truth to develop the prediction ability of the model for classifying individual each tree disease severity level. The early results indicate that the model can classify disease severity in the 3D point clouds, capturing the disease stress in the individual tree. Additionally, integrating a temporal embedding layer into the trained model enables the transformer block to track changes in vegetation indices and quantify disease progression over time. The findings of this study facilitate the monitoring of disease progression and support site-specific management decisions, thereby enhancing the sustainability of pecan production.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Spatio-temporal modeling, Multispectral imaging, Spectral analysis, Drone-based Scouting.
Speakers
SM

Shah Md Abul Hasan

University of Georgia
Co-authors
MS

Md Sultan Mahmud

University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:15am - 11:30am CDT
Strand 11A

11:30am CDT

Exhibitor Talk - Bridging Metabolomics and Proteomics for Plant Research
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
This talk presents an integrated approach combining metabolomics and proteomics to advance plant research. By connecting metabolic profiles with protein expression and function, we can gain deeper insights into plant function, stress responses, and development, with implications for crop improvement and sustainability. The presentation will highlight recent methodological advances, case studies, and the potential of multi-omics approaches to drive innovation in plant science research.
Presiding/Moderator
BW

Bobby Wei

MetwareBio
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Hort Theater

11:30am CDT

CITR 2 - Boosting Canopy Health: Micronutrient and Antioxidant Strategies for HLB-Affected Citrus
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Huanglongbing (HLB), a.k.a. citrus greening, is an endemic disease significantly impacting Florida and Texas citrus production. HLB-affected trees are compromised in the canopy and root health, often found with heavy loss of root mass that impairs water and nutrient uptake, leading to nutrient deficiencies. The prevalent presence of the suspected causal organism of HLB, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) bacterium, in the citrus phloem leads to a cascade of active defense responses triggered by plant-pathogen interactions. One of the crucial outcomes of the interactions is the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to excessive oxidative stress that, over time, weakens tree health. Therefore, this research investigated the therapeutic strategies to mitigate nutrient deficiencies and HLB symptoms, attenuate reactive oxygen species load, and improve the production of premium grapefruits in trees affected by HLB by combining an integrated approach of micronutrient applications with antioxidants. The experiment design consisted of the foliar application of micronutrients, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) varied in two rates: 2 quarts/acre (control) and 3 quarts/acre that were conducted alone or in combination with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), uric acid, and gibberellic acid (GA). The micronutrients, GABA, and uric acid applications were conducted at an interval of three months, while GA sprays were limited between blooming to the pre-harvest period in the HLB-affected mature grapefruit grove with a tree density of 104 trees/acre in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. The results demonstrated that merely increasing micronutrient application to 3 quarts/acre improved canopy health, with healthy (non-HLB-symptomatic) canopy quadrants reaching an average of 30% compared to 16.7% in the control treatment. Moreover, the standalone 3-quarts/acre significantly improved the yield of premium-size grapefruit to 25% compared to 6.2% in 2-quarts/acre only. The combination of GA (10 Fl.Oz/acre) and GABA (8 gm/tree) with control micronutrient treatment enhanced healthy canopy quadrants to 33% and 38%, respectively, compared to 19% in the micronutrient-only control. In 3 quarts/acre, GA and GABA showed synergistic effects in improving the canopy health by alleviating HLB severity. This applied research provides a practical framework for translating laboratory findings into field applications for managing HLB-affected trees. The integrated approach of combining enhanced micronutrient applications with antioxidants and phytohormones shows promise in mitigating HLB symptoms and improving fruit yield, particularly in the premium size category.
Speakers Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Citrus Crops 2
  • Subject Citrus Crops
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA ECDRE Federal Award No. 2022-70029-38471
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

11:30am CDT

FRBR 1 - Evaluation of diverse papaya germplasm for resistance to papaya ringspot virus under controlled conditions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Papaya ringspot disease caused by papaya ringspot virus P (PRSV-P), is restricting the commercial cultivation of papaya worldwide. Several measures have been taken to control the disease, including the application of aphicides, identifying host plant resistance, and transgenics. However, only genetically engineered papayas carrying the viral coat protein have been found to effectively control the disease. Transgenic papayas are not cultivated worldwide due to ethical regulations. Assessing the diverse papaya germplasm for resistance to PRSV could be a suitable alternative. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess PRSV resistance in 96 accessions, including 36 commercial accessions and 57 wild accessions. To identify novel resistant sources, the accessions were mechanically inoculated with PRSV under controlled conditions. The inoculated plants were continuously monitored for the appearance of PRSV-like symptoms and scored for disease severity, ranging from 0-5. Among all the accessions tested, only two accessions, HCAR 46 (Vasconcellea pubescens) and HCAR 177 (V. stipulate), did not show any symptoms. To further assure that no virus is present in these plants, an RT-qPCR was performed with PRSV coat protein-specific primers. The accession HCAR 46 showed the presence of a faint amplicon of 950 bp. However, no PSRV-specific amplicon was observed in HCAR 177. To further confirm the presence of PRSV, the amplified products were sequenced and showed over 95% sequence similarity with PRSV. The PRSV-resistant genotype identified in the present study could be used to breed PRSV-resistant cultivars.
Speakers
SJ

Sumit Jangra

University of Flroida
Co-authors
JS

Jugpreet Singh

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 12A

11:30am CDT

PH 2 - “Correlation Between Boron Leaf Damage and Fresh Yield in Saline-Sodic Soils”
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Most of the world's pistachios are grown in saline-sodic soils with soil boron (B) levels over the 2 ppm suggested for most trees. As a resulting symmetrical leaf edge necrosis produced by B accumulation, “B toxicity”, is common and regarded as damaging to leaf photosynthetic capacity. This study was carried out in a 8-year-old pistachio orchard with field-budded Pistacia vera cv. ‘Golden Hills’ on cloned P. atlantica x P. integerrima, UCBI rootstocks, spaced at 18 x 20 feet, 121 trees per acre. The soil was a silty clay loam saline-sodic Cerrini complex with salinity ranging from 3 to 15dS/m, pH 7.5 to 8.2, boron levels of 3 to 12 ppm and soil sodium levels ranging from 16 to 130 meq/l (370 to 3000 ppm). High soil and water B levels will produce increasingly higher scion leaflet B leaf symptoms ranging from a slender marginal necrosis to almost complete necrosis. We analyzed the relationships among soil B, leaf B, percentage of damaged leaf surface and marketable yield. Our results a demonstrated a strong negative correlation of yield as a function of soil B. As soil B levels increased yield decreased; r = - 0.705, p < 0.001. However, both leaf B levels and % leaf damage had had weak, insignificant relationships with soil B levels. As soil B increased leaf B levels and the percentage of damaged leaf areas did not increase. However, there was a moderately positive relationship between leaf boron levels and leaf damage; r = 0.50, P
Speakers
avatar for MARTA INES SALUDES ZANFANO

MARTA INES SALUDES ZANFANO

Subs. Professor, Universidad de Salamanca
Marta I. Saludes Zanfaño, a passionate biologist who’s revolutionizing sustainable farming with a special knack for pistachio cultivation and organic weed control. Based at the University of Salamanca, Spain, as a graduate member of the Chemical Sciences and Technology group, she... Read More →
Co-authors
BL

Blake L Mccullough-Sanden

University of California
NA
CB

CLAY BECK

MARICOPA ORCHADS
NA
DW

DONALD WILLIAMS

UNIVERSITY OF FRESNO
NA
JC

JOSEPH COELHO

Maricopa Orchards
NA
MC

MAE CULUMBER

University of California
NA
MM

Mukesh Mehata

University of California, Davis
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source California Pistachio Research Board
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

11:30am CDT

TCHG 1 - The Impact of Indoor Plants on Student Well-being and Academic Performance in University Classrooms
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Previous research has indicated that exposure to indoor plants can reduce stress, improve air quality, and enhance cognitive function. This study builds upon this foundation by specifically examining the classroom environment. In the spring of 2024, the study was conducted to investigate the effects of indoor plants on student well-being and academic performance in university classrooms. Two similar classrooms were used: Room 101 (experimental group, with plants) and Room 105 (control group, without plants). A total of 105 students took a survey at the beginning of the study (Feb 2024) and 91 took the end survey (Apr 2024) with a 78.1% completion at the beginning and 86.8% completion at the end. Demographics presented an unbalanced distribution of gender (66% female, 34% male) and majority of academic year falling into freshman classification (54%). Most participants were aged 18-24 years. Students completed surveys of self-reported depression, anxiety and stress levels using the DASS-21 4-pt Likert scale, and classroom satisfaction. Data set reliability showed a 0.81 Cronbach’s alpha score. After Wilcoxon/Kruskall Wallis analysis, results displayed students in Room 101 reported lower overall DASS scores (p < 0.05) with significantly decreased stress levels (p = 0.025) compared to Room 105. A statistical analysis using Spearman's ρ correlation coefficient revealed no significant relationship between depression and anxiety scores in relation to room types. However, a significant correlation was found between stress scores and room types (p = 0.0498). Common factors in student satisfaction were the lab instructors and the green wall in room 101. These results have important implications for classroom design and educational policy, suggesting that the simple addition of indoor plants and artificial greenery could significantly enhance the learning environment and student outcomes in higher education settings.
Speakers
avatar for Alicia Thomas

Alicia Thomas

Assistant Professor of Practice, Texas Tech University
Co-authors
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
VB

Vikram Baliga

Texas Tech University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 11B

11:30am CDT

TECH - Preliminary Analysis of Computer Vision for Blackberry Flower Quantification
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Precise and accurate quantification of blackberry flowers are essential for yield forecasting, phenotypic assessment, and enhancing management techniques in precision agriculture. Threshold segmentation of images for blackberry feature quantification could be challenging due to shadows and background variability, while manual flower estimation is subjective and time-consuming. The objective of this research was to apply artificial intelligence and computer vision to identify and quantify blackberry flowers from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing. A computer vision algorithm You Only Look Once (YOLO) was trained with 1142 image datasets of blackberry flowers to develop an image processing workflow to quantify UAV captured images. A performance analysis was conducted with YOLO variants (YOLOv8s–YOLO12s) for quantifying blackberry flowers. YOLOv10s achieved the best performance with a mAP@0.5 of 58%, precision of 60%, and recall of 58%. Input resolution had a notable impact, performing better at 1024×1024 pixels (mAP@0.5 = 55%) than at 640×640 (mAP@0.5 = 30%). Increasing the training dataset from 250 to 1,142 images progressively improved detection accuracy, highlighting the value of data volume for model generalization. Additionally, flower counts predicted by YOLOv10s showed a strong correlation with flower-to-vegetation ratio (FVR; r = 0.71, p < .001), supporting FVR as a practical proxy for estimating floral density in the field. A contribution to computer assisted agriculture integration in the blackberry industry has been made by investigating the performance of computer vision algorithms on blackberry flower detection. Challenges such as small and uneven sized flowers, overlapping occlusion, and plot-wise analysis must be further investigated. Keywords. UAV, automation, blackberry, phenotyping, artificial intelligence.
Speakers
AT

Akwasi Tagoe

University o Arkansas
Co-authors
AP

Aurelie Poncet

University of Arkansas
NA
CK

Cengiz Koparan

University of Arkansas
NA
DM

Donald M Johnson

University of Arkansas
NA
DW

Dongyi Wang

University of Arkansas
NA
MW

Margaret Worthington

University of Arkansas
RB

Ramesh Bahadur Bist

University of Arkansas
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:30am - 11:45am CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Technology Applications in Horticulture

11:44am CDT

Undergraduate Student Oral Competition - 1
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:44am - 11:45am CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:44am - 11:45am CDT
Foster 2

11:45am CDT

Exhibitor Talk - ARM Software: Data Collection and How to Get a Free ARM Student License
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
See ARM Mobile, the latest data collection option for ARM and learn how to get a FREE ARM Student License.
Presiding/Moderator
DF

Dan Fitzpatrick

GDM Data Solutions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Hort Theater

11:45am CDT

CITR 2 - Fruit growth responses of Rio Red grapefruit to annual N granular fertilization
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient required to support citrus yield and fruit quality. Its bioavailability to the tree must be continuous to support adequate biomass production, especially at key phenological stages such as vegetative flush and fruit setting. However, most commercial nutrition programs in southern Texas deliver synthetic fertilizer on average twice per year when not drip-irrigated. Although adoption of fertigation strategies continues to gain ground, the rate of transition is of low velocity, and a percentage of orchards is still flood-irrigated. In these systems, trees rely on the soil storage capacity to meet permanent nutrient demand. This field study investigated the effects of traditional N management practices on two orchards with different rootstock * scion combinations. We evaluated the effects of different N fertilization rates on fruit growth and postharvest traits such as brix, and size-class distribution. Our preliminary data indicates that despite trees growing in similar soil properties, they exhibited differences in fruit growth rate, and size-class distribution of fruits. Moreover, certain rootstocks * scion combinations exhibited superior fruit yield and quality. Continue refinement of nutrient management practices, especially N application is imperative to support tree long-term productivity under the constant pressure of pathogens in commercial settings.
Speakers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Foster 1

11:45am CDT

FRBR 1 - Verifying Parentage of Offspring from Crosses of the Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Cultivar ‘Sunflower’ and the Cultivars ‘Susquehanna’ and ‘KSU-Chappell’ using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Verifying Parentage of Offspring from Crosses of the Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Cultivar ‘Sunflower’ and the Cultivars ‘Susquehanna’ and ‘KSU-Chappell’ using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Nabin K. Adhikari, Dr. Kirk W. Pomper, Jeremy Lowe, Dr. Srijana Thapa Magar, and Sheri Crabtree College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, Kentucky State University Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), a North American tree fruit in the early stages of commercialization, is typically found in clonal patches in forest understories. Cultivated pawpaws exhibit superior size, flavor, and appearance compared to their wild counterparts. Pawpaw is generally considered self-incompatible due to its protogynous flowers, though anecdotal evidence suggests self-compatibility in the ‘Sunflower’ variety. Previous research at Kentucky State University used simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, a class of co-dominant genetic markers that target hypervariable regions of the genome, to confirm that ‘Sunflower’ is capable of self-pollination. However, there is little information on optimal pollinizer relationships and which cultivars serve to promote fruit set in cross-pollinations. This study aims to verify the parentage of offspring from crosses between ‘Sunflower’ and the cultivars ‘Susquehanna’ and ‘KSU-Chappell’, as well as the advanced selection 7-90 using simple sequence repeat markers. Leaves of parent trees and offspring were collected for DNA extraction. Young leaves were collected and were frozen (-15 ºC) until DNA extraction. DNA extraction was carried out using a DNAMITE Plant Kit (Microzone Ltd. Haywards Heath, West Sussex, UK). PCR was performed using SSR markers developed by Pomper et al., 2010. PCR products will be separated using a SeqStudio (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) capillary electrophoresis system, and genotyping will be performed with GeneMapper software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Parentage verification will be determined by looking for the presence or absence of alleles from the purported parents in the offspring. Offspring were categorized as self-pollinated if only alleles from the pollen recipient parent were present in the offspring, expected cross-pollinated if alleles from both parents were present, or unexpected if unknown alleles were detected.
Speakers
NA

Nabin Adhikari

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 12A

11:45am CDT

PH 2 - Optimizing Mechanical Harvesting of Vidalia Onions Using Impact Sensing Technology to Minimize Bruise Damage
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Short-day onions such as Vidalia are vital in warmer climates, but their delicate skins make them prone to an average of 8% bruise damage during mechanical harvesting. As a result, manual hand harvesting remains the preferred method despite its high cost of $3,951/hectare for labor, according to the 2019 Onion Irrigated Budget (University of Georgia). Addressing issues of mechanical harvesting could offer a more cost-effective alternative while solving the labor shortage problem. This study aimed to evaluate the bruise tolerance of five Vidalia varieties (Vidora, Sweet Magnolia, Sapelo, Red Maiden, and Monjablanca) under different impact conditions and identify the specific sections of mechanical harvesters that contribute to bruising. Identifying the most bruise-tolerant varieties can guide growers in selecting onions better suited for mechanical harvesting, reducing labor costs and postharvest losses and by understanding which sections of the harvester cause the most damage, modifications can be made to reduce bruising. Controlled pendulum tests were conducted to simulate onion-to-surface impacts, using onions embedded with Impact Recording Devices (IRDs) to measure impact forces at two maturity stages (80% tops down and one week after 80% tops down) and two drying durations (0 and 7 days). Drop heights were selected based on bruise damage results for Vidora, with two levels for each surface type: 10 cm and 30 cm for flat surfaces, and 30 cm and 55 cm for padded surfaces. A total of 320 impacts were recorded. To identify the most bruise-prone sections of the harvester, 23 field trials were conducted using a Top Air Harvester, with IRDs embedded within onions and placed on field, to capture real-time impact data. The Top Air Harvester, consisting of a collecting belt, elevator, sorting belt, and conveyor, transferred onions to the bulb collection truck within 36 seconds. Early results for Vidora variety indicate that bruising severity increases with higher drop heights, on flat surfaces, while padded surfaces significantly reduce damage. Testing all five varieties will provide a comprehensive profile of bruise tolerance, helping growers select varieties better suited for mechanical harvesting, potentially reducing labor costs. Initial analysis of field trials revealed that the conveyor-to-bin transition generated the highest impact forces, significantly contributing to bruising. These preliminary results indicate the need for design improvements in this section to reduce impact damage and enhance mechanical harvesting efficiency. Further testing will validate these findings and guide the development of improved mechanical harvesting practices.
Speakers
AR

Aleena Rayamajhi

University of Georgia
Co-authors
MS

MD Sulton Mahmud

University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Postharvest 2
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

11:45am CDT

TCHG 1 - Making Learning Matter in Greenhouse Management: Assessment of a Design Project to Improve Student Learning and Engagement
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Greenhouse Management (HORT 310) at Colorado State University equips students with the skills and knowledge necessary to manage a greenhouse production facility, which 88% of students reported is their career plan (n=156). However, based on historic grades, students struggle with heating and cooling principles, which involve calculations of standard heating and cooling needs given a particular structure and climate. In Spring 2023, a Design Project (DP) was implemented as a learning opportunity to apply the principles and skills gained in the class in a context that matters to students. Over the course of the semester, students research and write about a greenhouse operation that they are designing, detailing their production strategies and citing current research. According to Social Practice Theory, learning is intimately intertwined with context, meaning that one’s identity, with which they are emotionally attached, guides participation. Thus, having the agency to choose relevant locations and crops suggests that they would have greater investment and engagement with the DP because the learning matters, or is meaningfully connected, to their own lives. A DP pre- and post-assessment was administered in Spring 2024 (n=36) to better understand if students’ relationships with the DP improved confidence and learning of fundamental HORT 310 principles, specifically greenhouse heating and cooling. In the post-assessment, 98% of respondents felt the DP assisted in their learning, and of respondents that included a free response (n=20), 20% indicated that they enjoyed the DP. Additionally, pre- and post-assessments revealed improved participant performance on questions pertaining to cooling principles following DP implementation, while performance on heating principles was unchanged. Together, these results support the use of Social Practice Theory as a framework for the development of assignments, such as the DP, that foster student learning and engagement by connecting content to student motivations and interests.
Speakers
JC

Joshua Craver

Colorado State University
NA
Co-authors
SP

Samantha P. Rosado

Colorado State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

11:45am CDT

UG 1 - Is ‘Arbequina’ Still the Best Option for California? An Evaluation of Established and Novel Varietals in a Super High Density Hedgerow System in the Sacramento Valley
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Global olive oil production tripled over the past six decades to 2.76 million tons in the 2022/23 year. California is the largest producer of olive oil in the United States, and its planting is increasing at an estimated rate of 3000 acres per year. Most of the new plantings for oil in California are in hedgerows under intensive management either in a super high (SHD) or medium (MD) density systems. Of these plantings, an estimated ~80% is ‘Arbequina’, ~15% ‘Arbosana’, and ~5% ‘Koroneiki’. As expected, the industry is continuously searching for novel cultivars that can improve productivity, as well as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) quality, thereby increasing  returns for their operation. With industry support, a trial was planted at the Wolfskill Experimental Orchard in Winters, CA in 2019 with the exception of ‘Lecciana’ which was planted in 2020. Four acres were planted at a SHD rate of of 620 trees per acre, with 5 feet between trees and 14 feet between rows. ‘Arbequina’, ‘Arbosana’, and ‘Koroneiki’ were planted alongside two new cultivars, ‘Lecciana’ (Olea europaea ‘Arbosana’ x ‘Leccino’) and ‘Sikitita’ (Olea europaea ‘Arbequina’ x ‘Picual’), and one numbered selection, Agromillora 9805-01. The orchard was planted with five complete replicates of the six cultivars, each cultivar row was randomized within each replicate. Seasonal and cumulative yield were measured from the 2021 through the 2024 growing seasons. Fruit weight, oil content, basal shoot prevalence, and maturity index were measured over the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. The entire orchard was managed following industry agronomic practices for all replicates. During the four years ‘Koroneiki’ had the greatest cumulative yield on average, followed by ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Arbosana’, ‘Lecciana’, ‘9805-01’, and ‘Sikitita’ (16.60, 13.38, 13.37, 10.61, 8.17 and 7.76 tons per acre respectively). Alternate bearing behavior was more prevalent for ‘9805-01’ and ‘Sikitita’. Further, ‘Sikitita’ took an additional year to come into production. These results, alongside seasonal yield, oil content, basal shoot prevalence, and fruit weight, show why ‘Arbequina’, ‘Arbosana’, and ‘Koroneiki’ are the prevalent cultivars in California SHD plantings. In our trial, ‘Arbosana’ and ‘Koroneiki’ performed as well or better than ‘Arbequina’, but California growers have planted less of those two cultivars due to concerns with disease resistance and/or vigor management over time across California’s climatic conditions. Our research shows that further evaluation of novel cultivars is essential for a growing industry.
Speakers Co-authors
AA

Adele Amico Roxas

College Of Agricultural And Environmental Sciences-Olive Center, University of California, Davis
JF

Javier Fernandez-Salvador

College Of Agricultural And Environmental Sciences-Olive Center, University of California, Davis
RJ

Raeva Johnson

College Of Agricultural And Environmental Sciences, University Of California, Davis
Wednesday July 30, 2025 11:45am - 12:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1

12:00pm CDT

Exhibitor Talk - East 30 Sensors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
From anemometry, to precision soil moisture measurements or sap flux, learn about novel techniques to make plant and environmental measurements.
Speakers
KW

Kahlin Wacker

East 30 Sensors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Hort Theater

12:00pm CDT

CITR 2 - Impacts of Biochar on Citrus Root System Architecture, Soil Moisture, and Nutrient Contents Under Greenhouse Conditions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key determinant of soil health, directly influencing structure, moisture retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity. Among soil amendments, biochar has gained attention for its potential to enhance soil fertility and support plant productivity. However, its influence on citrus root system architecture and nutrient uptake across different rootstocks remains underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of four biochar concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% v/v) mixed with native field soil on four citrus rootstocks: ‘Sour Orange’, ‘Swingle’, ‘US-802’, and ‘US-942’. Plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions for 16 weeks. Root system architecture traits: total root length, surface area, root volume, and number of forks, were quantified using WinRHIZO™ analysis. Soil parameters, including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), moisture content, and SOM, were assessed post-harvest, alongside plant tissue nutrient concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn). The 20% biochar treatment significantly enhanced root morphological traits across all rootstocks, with increases of up to 35% in total root length and 40% in surface area compared to the control. Plant tissue analysis revealed elevated macro- and micronutrient concentrations in the 20% treatment, particularly for P, K, Ca, and Mg. Soil analysis showed progressive improvements in pH, SOM, CEC, and moisture content with increasing biochar concentration, with the highest values recorded at 30%. While higher biochar rates improved soil physicochemical properties, the 20% concentration provided the most balanced benefits, optimizing both root development and nutrient uptake. These findings suggest biochar, particularly at moderate rates, may be an effective amendment for improving soil fertility and citrus root system performance in nutrient-limited soils.
Speakers
KH

Khalid Hussain

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
JF

John-Paul Fox

University of Florida
LR

Lorenzo Rossi

Texas A
Dr. Rossi’s research program focuses on understanding the responses of horticultural crops to environmental stresses, with the goal of developing environmentally sound and effective management strategies. He is a horticulturist with expertise in plant stress physiology, plant biology... Read More →
LH

Lukas Hallman

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Citrus Crops 2
  • Subject Citrus Crops
  • Funding Source UF/IFAS Citrus Initiative

12:00pm CDT

TCHG 1 - Student Perceptions of Learning – Use of Quizzes or Authentic Assessment
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
The objective of this study was to survey student perceptions of mastery of learning outcomes in the 100% online asynchronous course Nutritional Management taught at the University of Florida. There are many ways to perceive if students have mastered learning outcomes in a course. Quizzes are one way to measure if students understand concepts and terminology. However, in online courses there is the concern that students may ‘cheat’ and a quiz is not an effective measure of student achievement. Online instructors need to look for other assessments, like assignments that ask students to apply what they have learned to solve a problem. This is easy to measure in-person classrooms and laboratories but more challenging online. This study conducted a mid-term survey to students in the spring 2025 offering of Nutritional Management. The survey asked students about their perceived learning and mastery of course learning outcomes based on two quizzes and two authentic challenge assignments. This study was deemed IRB exempt.
Speakers
KM

Kimberly Moore

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

12:00pm CDT

UG 1 - No Evidence for Polystyrene Nanoplastic Uptake by Lettuce Grown in Nutrient Film Technique Hydroponics Systems
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
As nanoplastics become an increasing environmental and human health concern, greater understanding of their absorption by crop plants is vital. Many plant species, including lettuce, have been reported to transport nanoplastics from roots to leaves, but most research has not been conducted with crops grown in commercial production systems to harvestable size. Across two greenhouse experiments, we compared ‘Winter Density’ romaine lettuce grown with and without the addition of 10 mg.liter-1 yellow-green fluorescent-labeled 0.2 µm and 0.05 µm polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) added to municipal irrigation water in commercial-style hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) systems. No difference was observed between lettuce grown with or without PSNPs based on plant width; shoot and root fresh and dry weights; number of true leaves; or chlorophyll content. Stomatal resistance of plants in both treatments was also not different and indicated very high transpiration rates that would support PSNP translocation to shoots. Fluorescence of shoots and roots from each treatment was evaluated via confocal microscopy. No PSNPs were found in the shoot tissue. In the roots, we observed PSNPs aggregated on the surface and possibly penetrated a maximum of 10 to 25 microns deep within outer root tissue. In root samples processed with acetone washes, no PSNPs were observed on or in root tissue by either TEM or confocal microscopy. As such, we found no evidence that 0.2 µm or 0.05 µm PSNPs are absorbed into the vascular system of hydroponically-grown lettuce plants and thus are not translocated to shoot tissue. These findings emphasize problems with current literature and the need for further research to investigate PSNP uptake by plants in realistic production systems.
Speakers
AC

Allison Cloyd

Kansas State University
NA
Co-authors
DB

Daniel Boyle

Kansas State University
NA
KW

Kimberly Williams

Kansas State University
MK

MB Kirkham

Kansas State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 12:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA Hatch-Multistate project 7005973

12:00pm CDT

Floral Design Research Interest Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 1:00pm CDT
Co-authors
JD

Jim DelPrince

Mississippi State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 1:00pm CDT
Strand 14

12:00pm CDT

Administrators Luncheon
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Bolden 6

12:14pm CDT

Wednesday Poster Session - 3
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:14pm - 1:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:14pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

Exhibitor Talk - New heat clean option to reduce pest and pathogen pressure
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Are you tired of fungal pathogens and pests ruining your experiments? If the answer to this question is yes, we are pleased to announce our new heat clean option, which is available on most equipment. This presentation will summarize the heat clean option and review the literature around the lethal temperatures required to kill common pests and pathogens of plant growth facilities.
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Patrick Friesen

Patrick Friesen

Plant Scientist - Sales and Application Support, BioChambers Incorporated
I am the plant scientist here at BioChambers. Please talk to me about your plant growth goals. I have experience and resources to share about how to adjust environmental conditions (light, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, air movement, and pot size) to achieve your plant... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Hort Theater

12:15pm CDT

UG 1 - Growth and Physiological Responses of ‘Little Gem’ and ‘Salad Bowl’ (Lactuca sativa) Lettuce Varieties to Cut-and-Come-Again and Cut-and-Sow Harvest Techniques
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
The "cut-and-come-again" (P
Speakers
BD

Brianna Drew

University of Wyoming
Co-authors
DC

David Claypool

University of Wyoming
EM

Elizabeth Moore

University of Wyoming
NA
GM

Gioia Massa

NASA Kennedy Space Center
NA
JC

Ji-Jhong Chen

University of Wyoming
JK

Jill Keith

University of Wyoming
NA
NA

Nintya Avriantari

University of Wyoming
SM

Shawna McBride

University of Wyoming
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 12:30pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Wyoming Space Grant Consortium Undergraduate Student Fellowship (Grant#: 1004680A) and Faculty Research Initiation Grant (Grant#: 1004680B), NASA EPSCoR Rapid Response Research (R3) Grant#: WY-80NSSC24M0162, University of Wyoming College of Agriculture, Life Sciences, & Natural Resources, Office of Research and Economic Development Designated, Department of Plant Sciences. United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Plant Sciences Hatch Funds (WYO-631-22)

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Active Aeration Increases Biomass by Enhancing Water Uptake in Greenhouse Hydroponic Lettuce and Influences Efficacy of a Calcium-Mobilizing Biostimulant
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Tipburn is a physiological disorder that compromises the appearance and marketability of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) by causing necrosis and curling at leaf margins. It is problematic in controlled-environment hydroponic systems, where calcium demand outpaces calcium supply. Previous research demonstrated that nutrient solution application of a calcium-mobilizing biostimulant curbed lettuce tipburn. However, it remained unclear whether its efficacy depended on nutrient solution dissolved oxygen (DO), which is crucial for water and nutrient uptake. We evaluated effects of this calcium-mobilizing biostimulant and the DO level on growth and tipburn severity of hydroponic butterhead lettuce ‘Nancy’. Seeds were planted in a temperature-controlled greenhouse under a 24-hour photoperiod with supplemental white red light-emitting diodes providing a mean photosynthetic photon flux density of 300 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. After 11 days, seedlings were transplanted into deep-water-culture trays in the same greenhouse at 22.7 ± 4.1 °C air temperature and 23.6% ± 5.1% relative humidity, with the same continuous supplemental lighting. In a randomized complete block design with three blocks, plants were grown in nine nutrient solution treatments per block, which were combinations of three biostimulant concentrations (0, 0.25, and 0.5 mL⋅L–1) and three DO levels (2.9, 3.5, and 4.0 mg⋅L–1). The low DO level was achieved without active aeration, whereas the medium and high DO levels were achieved with active aeration by adjusting airflow rates. Plants were evaluated on 21 and 28 days after transplant (DAT). On 21 DAT, plant growth benefited from active aeration but was unaffected by the biostimulant. Compared with no active aeration, active aeration increased shoot fresh mass by 127% to 139% and moisture content by 5% to 7%, but did not affect shoot dry mass. This indicates that growth promotion was attributed to increases in both relative and absolute water uptake, but not whole-plant photosynthesis, despite increased canopy size. The biostimulant decreased the percent of tipburn-affected leaves from 33% to 12% under the medium DO level. On 28 DAT, shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, moisture content, and canopy size had similar trends to those on 21 DAT. The high biostimulant concentration decreased the tipburn rating by 36% and the number of tipburn-affected leaves by 50% without active aeration, but not with it, indicating that the biostimulant was more efficacious under root hypoxia than under sufficient DO levels. We conclude that active aeration enhances lettuce water uptake and shoot fresh mass, whereas the biostimulant moderately controls tipburn at lower DO levels.
Speakers
JR

Jonathan Ries

University of Delaware
Co-authors
QM

Qingwu Meng

University of Delaware
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 2
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Urban, Indoor, and Emerging Agriculture Program (project award no. 2023-70019-39371) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy.

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Effect of Constant Air Flow on Lettuce Morphology and Yield in Vertical Farming Systems
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Lettuce is the most cultivated leafy vegetable under vertical farming due to its short growth period and stable market demand. However, lettuce production in those systems often faces challenges such as unequal temperature inside cultivation room and benches, which causes uneven growth, leading to cultivation delays and yield loss. In this study, we investigated the effect of constant air flow on lettuce production in vertical farming to observe changes in morphology and yield. The aim of this study was to improve leaf lettuce production in vertical farms. Leaf lettuces were grown at Advanced Plant Factory Research Center, Meiji university under temperature of 22°C, relative humidity of 60%, under white LED light at a PPFD of 140–200 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ for 16 hours. The hydroponic solution was supplied to the seedlings by the deep flow technique at an EC of 1.6 dS·cm⁻¹, pH of 6.0±0.5. For the air flow treatment, air tubes were placed above the seedlings, a constant wind speed of 0.1-0.2 m/s for 24 hours was supplied to seedlings. At 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), lettuces from both the control and air flow treatment groups were selected for stomata evaluation using a non-destructive equipment. At 30 DAT, yield evaluation, including fresh weight, leaf count, and morphology change such as leaf thickness, was also conducted. We found that the constant air flow treatment increased the fresh weight and leaf count of the lettuces. Furthermore, an increase in leaf hardness was observed. Moreover, we found that the number of stomata tended to be higher when the fresh weight was greater. This tendency was particularly strong in the air flow group which proved that it improved the growth and morphological characteristics of lettuce, suggesting its potential for enhancing vertical farming productivity.
Speakers
JS

Junjira Satitmunnaithum

Specially-appointed lecturer, Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University , Japan
Co-authors
CI

Chiharu Inoue

Daiwa house industry
NA
SO

Sakurako Otani

Meiji university
TO

Takao Otsuka

Daiwa house industry
NA
TI

Takashi Ikeda

Meiji university
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Exploring Hydroponic Head Lettuce Performance: Deep Water Culture vs. Vertical Production Systems
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Hydroponic farming has emerged as a promising solution to global food security challenges, with the market projected to reach $12 billion by 2025. Two commonly used systems are floating raft deep water culture (DWC) and vertical nutrient film technique (NFT) production systems. Despite their popularity, limited research exists comparing water use efficiency and Photosystem II (PSII) performance between these systems. This study begins to address this gap by evaluating the growth of Butterhead lettuce in both DWC and vertical NFT systems within a controlled greenhouse environment. PSII physiological parameters were assessed using a handheld fluorometer (MultispeQ Version 2 – PhotosynQ). Crop-level water use efficiency was also compared between systems. As expected, preliminary results indicated that the DWC system was more efficient in its water use than the vertical NFT system (p < 0.05), after adjusting for baseline water loss prior to plant introduction. More importantly, lettuce grown in the DWC system exhibited a higher mean PSII efficiency (Fv’/Fm’) and greater wet biomass compared to those grown in a vertical system. This study is among the first to directly compare PSII-related traits across hydroponic system designs, providing novel insights into how production method influences plant physiological performance. These findings suggest that DWC systems may offer superior performance, improved water use efficiency, and higher yields, making them a more sustainable and effective alternative for hydroponic lettuce production compared to vertical NFT systems.
Speakers
IS

Isaiah Spiegelberg

University of Wyoming
Co-authors
CG

Carmela Guadagno

University of Wyoming
NA
SD

Sarah Doyle

University of Wyoming
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 2
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source NSF

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - Growth and Nutrient Dynamics in Salanova Lettuce: Evaluating Biofortification Potential in Field and Deep-Water Systems
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Enhancing the nutritional quality of leafy greens is a key goal in horticultural research, with biofortification strategies offering potential benefits for human health. This study examines the effects of foliar ascorbic acid (vitamin C) applications on the growth and nutrient composition of Salanova lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in both deep-water hydroponic and field production systems. Lettuce plants were subjected to four treatment concentrations (0, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm ascorbic acid), applied as foliar sprays at two and four days before harvest. Growth parameters, including biomass accumulation over time and final fresh weight, were recorded for both systems. Chlorophyll content before and after treatment applications were compared to assess potential physiological responses. Vitamin C content analysis is ongoing to determine potential biofortification effects. Results indicated no significant negative impacts on plant width among treatments in both field and deep-water systems, or on final biomass among treatments in the field. A block effect was observed in the final weight for the deep-water system, suggesting environmental or positional influences within the setup. Chlorophyll content in the deep-water system was higher in the 0 and1000 ppm treatments and lowest in the 750ppm treatment, showing that there may be slight impacts on lettuce quality. However, no impacts of treatment on chlorophylls were seen in field trials. These results show that ascorbic acid sprays up to 1000 ppm do not negatively impact lettuce quality. Further analysis will determine whether short-term nutrient enhancement through biofortification is viable. These findings contribute to understanding nutrient management strategies for hydroponic and field-grown lettuce and their potential role in sustainable production systems.
Speakers
KS

Kaitlyn Stubbs

Texas Tech University
Co-authors
AR

Abishkar Regmi

Texas Tech University
CC

Carlos Carpio

New Mexico State University
NA
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
CW

Chenggang Wang

Texas Tech University
NA
KV

Katerina Vargas

Texas Tech University
LT

Leslie Thompson

Texas Tech University
NA
NM

Naima Moustaid-Moussa

Texas Tech University
NA
SS

Sukhbir Singh

Texas Tech University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 2
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Texas Tech University Pursuit of Prime

12:15pm CDT

CE 2 - The Water Vapor-pressure Deficit Regulates Growth of Culinary Herbs and Lettuce in Controlled Environments
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
This experiment aims to quantify the effects of the water vapor-pressure deficit (VPD) on growth and quality of culinary herbs and lettuce grown inside controlled environments. We postulated that growth will be inhibited at very low and very high VPDs when all other environmental factors are kept constant. We sowed seeds of holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Rex’), mint (Mentha spicata), and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) in plug trays containing a peat-based soilless substrate. Seedlings grew inside refrigerated chambers at 23°C, with 24-h photoperiod at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 160 µmol∙m–2∙s–1, at five VPD setpoints (kPa): 0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 1.5, and 1.9. We fertigated plants with reverse-osmosis water at a constant fertility of 60 mg N∙L–1. We measured the total leaf area, leaf number, stem length, fresh shoot biomass, and dry shoot biomass, and monitored leaves for tip-burn symptoms. Preliminary results indicate that leaf area and fresh mass of most species were lower at a VPD of 0.3 kPa than at ≥0.7 kPa. In some species (e.g., mint), plants were shortest at the lowest VPD tested, whereas in others (e.g., chamomile), stem length decreased as the VPD increased. These results indicate the importance of managing VPD in controlled environments and especially the potential decreases in growth under low a VPD (i.e., high relative humidity).
Speakers
AT

Avery Tucker

Michigan State University
Co-authors
ER

Erik Runkle

Michigan State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

MKEC - Beyond Plastic: Consumer Awareness as a Catalyst for Biodegradable Plastic Acceptance in Agriculture
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Soil-biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) are an alternative to non-biodegradable plastic mulch films. BDMs reduce agricultural plastic waste generation while maintaining many of the horticultural benefits of traditional mulch film. Yet, many farmers are reluctant to adopt BDMs. Previous research suggests that this hesitancy stems, in part, from farmers’ belief that consumers may be concerned about the unsightly plastic fragments left behind as BDMs biodegrade. Some farmers fear these remnants could be viewed by consumers as indicative of “bad farming” practices. However, consumers’ actual perceptions have not been evaluated. The objective of this research was to explore consumers’ perceptions of BDM fragments in farm fields. A rapid market assessment (RMA) paired with exploratory interviews were conducted with consumers at a farmer’s market in Northwest Washington State in Winter 2024. Of the 50 people who completed the farmers’ market RMA, 51% and 14% disagreed or strongly disagreed, respectively, that growing produce is associated with plastic use. Moreover, approximately 80% of the respondents indicated they did not think plastic use was essential to modern agriculture. Most respondents agreed (51%) or strongly agreed (12%) that farm visual cleanliness is important and influences their willingness to support a farm with their business. All respondents (100%) did not like seeing plastic waste on farms. Nearly all (96%) expressed a preference for biodegradable alternatives to non-biodegradable agricultural plastics, which is noteworthy given that 66% of consumers had prior experience or knowledge of biodegradable plastics. These findings, along with the exploratory interview results, suggest that consumers are more accepting of soil-biodegradable plastic scraps in farm fields, especially when they are aware the material is biodegradable and used as an eco-friendly alternative to non-biodegradable plastics.
Speakers
AW

Aidan Williams

Washington State University
Co-authors
JG

Jessica Goldberger

Washington State University
NA
LW

Lisa Wasko DeVetter

Washington State University
Lisa Wasko DeVetter joined Washington State University in 2014 and leads the small fruit horticulture program at the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Washington. She has developed a diverse research and extension program with an emphasis on maximizing... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Marketing and Economics
  • Subject Marketing and Economics
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Foundational and Applied Science Program

12:15pm CDT

MKEC - Comparing Conventional In-ground Tomato Production to Hydroponic Tomato Systems.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The rapid increase in the global population has led to a decline in land availability for agricultural production, resulting in food insecurity and exacerbating environmental challenges such as soil degradation, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. In-ground farming faces growing challenges, including declining soil fertility, water scarcity, and vulnerability to climate change, along with issues like soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and heavy reliance on chemical inputs. In response, hydroponics has emerged as a sustainable alternative, enabling year-round production, efficient resource utilization, and cultivation in non-arable areas. This study compares the growth performance, fruit quality and production costs of tomato grown hydroponically and in a in-ground system. For the inground system, there is a total of 20 tomato plants per plot, each of size 10 × 10ft, with three replications arranged in a completely randomized design. For hydroponic system, 30 tomato plants will be grown on bags filled with three different substrates (coconut coir, perlite, and pro mix), and bags were randomly placed inside one tunnel of size 32ft × 8ft, with three replications. Two indeterminate tomato varieties Early Girl Hybrid and Fourth of July Hybrid will be grown one after another using open drip hydroponic system and in in-ground system. Throughout the experiment, morphological traits such as plant height, leaf number, leaf area, relative chlorophyll content, fresh and dry biomass, stem diameter, and overall plant yield will be evaluated. Phytochemical parameters including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, lycopene content, phenolic compounds, and vitamin C levels will be assessed, economic parameters such as cost of labor, input supplies and net profit will be analyzed, and consumers acceptance testing by sensory analysis will be performed. This research aims to provide insights into the economic and agronomic viability of hydroponics compared to in-ground production. It is hypothesized that hydroponically grown tomatoes will exhibit comparable or superior nutritional quality while offering advantages such as higher yields, uniform fruit size, economically and sustainable sound production. The findings will support stakeholders in selecting optimal cultivation systems to enhance food production efficiency in response to global agricultural challenges.
Speakers
MJ

Mona Joshi

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
JH

James Howard

Kentucky State University
NA
MC

Milon chowdhury

Kentucky State University
SD

Siddhartha Dasgupta

Kentucky State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Marketing and Economics

12:15pm CDT

MKEC - Comparing Production And Market Acceptance Of Salad Greens And Cruciferous Vegetables Grown In Hydroponics Versus Tradit
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Hydroponic farming has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional soil-based agriculture, offering efficient resource utilization and enhanced crop production. This study evaluates the agronomic performance, economic viability, and market acceptance of hydroponic versus traditional in-ground cultivation for salad greens and cruciferous vegetables. The research examines key factors including crop yield, nutrient uptake efficiency, water consumption, production costs, and consumer preferences. Growth parameters such as biomass accumulation, nutrient absorption rates, and plant health indicators were assessed to compare the effectiveness of each system. Economic analysis includes production expenditures, labor requirements, and potential profitability, while market acceptance is evaluated through consumer surveys and purchasing trends. Results indicate that hydroponic systems demonstrate advantages in resource efficiency, faster growth rates, and potential for year-round production, making them a viable option for beginning and limited-resource farmers. However, challenges such as initial investment costs and market adaptation remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Consumer perception studies reveal varying levels of acceptance based on factors such as taste, texture, and sustainability awareness. This research provides crucial insights into optimizing hydroponic farming strategies to enhance productivity, economic sustainability, and consumer engagement. Findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable agriculture, addressing the challenges faced by emerging farmers and exploring innovative solutions for improving food security and environmental stewardship. The study underscores the importance of integrating market-driven approaches with technological advancements to support the transition towards efficient and economically viable hydroponic production systems.
Speakers
AA

Amer Adawi

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
SD

Siddhartha Dasgupta

Kentucky State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Marketing and Economics

12:15pm CDT

MKEC - Consumer Willingness to Pay and Sensory Evaluation of Organic and Conventional Strawberries Grown in a Substrate-Based Tabletop Hydroponic System
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The consumer demand has largely promoted organic strawberry production in the U.S. over the past two decades. The farm gate value of organic strawberries increased from $80 million in 2008 to $300 million in 2019, and organic strawberries accounted for about 25% of the 2022 U.S. strawberry sales. While Florida represents a smaller share than California, its organic acreage grew from less than 20 acres in 2008 to over 600 acres in 2019. Recent advances in agricultural technology have played an important role in improving strawberry yields and quality. The tabletop hydroponic system is among the new systems introduced to strawberry production with the aim of reducing labor requirements, enhancing input efficiency, and improving disease, pest, and weed management. However, no study has examined its impact on strawberry fruit regarding sensory attributes and consumer attitudes toward such a system for organic and conventional strawberry production. This study was conducted to assess consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for conventional and organic strawberries harvested from the tabletop hydroponic system under two scenarios, i.e., based on the blind sensory evaluation vs. after revealing the production method information (organic or conventional and tabletop hydroponic system). The consumer sensory evaluation was conducted at the University of Florida campus, with 61 participants. Participants first blind tasted four strawberry samples, including two organically grown and the other two conventionally produced, all from a tabletop growing system established for an on-farm trial. They evaluated sensory attributes using a just-about-right (JAR) scale and a hedonic scale, and reported their WTP before and after tasting the strawberry samples. Subsequently, participants were informed about organic and tabletop production methods used to produce the strawberries and asked to re-evaluate their WTP. Results indicate that consumers had a higher WTP for organic strawberries than their conventional counterparts, both before and after tasting. After being informed about which samples were organic, 28% of participants reported no additional WTP, 47% were willing to pay up to $1 more, and 22% were willing to pay $1 to $2 more, with an average premium of $0.79. These findings remained consistent after controlling for sensory attributes and demographics. When knowing the berries were produced in a tabletop system, the average WTP for organic strawberries increased by $0.73, while it increased by $0.56 for conventional strawberries. In addition, participants tended to associate organic strawberry samples with higher sensory evaluation scores and link lower sensory scores to conventional strawberry samples.
Speakers
XZ

Xin Zhao

University of Florida
Co-authors
CS

Charles Sims

University of Florida
NA
CH

Chenxi Hu

University of Florida
NA
WE

Wael Elwakil

Extension Agent II, University of Florida
YJ

Yifan Jing

University of Florida
NA
ZG

Zhifeng Gao

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Marketing and Economics

12:15pm CDT

MKEC - Decoding Consumer Preferences: The Impact of Wine Label Design and Packaging
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
This research investigates consumer perceptions and attitudes towards disease-resistant wine varieties, focusing on labeling, communication strategies, and barriers to adoption. Utilizing qualitative data from 500 participants, the study identifies key motivations for wine purchasing using the combination of latent Dirichlet allocation and thematic analysis. The findings reveal that consumers generally welcome the concept of disease-resistant wines, yet express concerns about terminology and the potential impact on wine quality. Effective communication strategies, emphasizing positive attributes and transparent information on labels, are crucial for fostering consumer trust. Additionally, barriers such as choice overload and fear of unfamiliar products highlight the need for targeted marketing initiatives. This study provides valuable insights for marketers in the wine industry, facilitating the introduction of sustainable wine varieties in a competitive marketplace.
Speakers
CY

Chengyan Yue

University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (Minneapolis, MN)
Co-authors
GS

Garrett Steede

University of Minnesota
NA
KG

Karina Gallardo

Washington State University
NA
MC

Matthew Clark

University of Minnesota
NA
UP

Uma Parasuram

University of Minnesota
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Marketing and Economics
  • Subject Marketing and Economics
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Characterizing Phenotypic Variation in Ratibida columnifera Through Field and Greenhouse Studies
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Characterizing phenotypic variation in Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot.
Speakers Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Ornamentals/Landscape and Turf

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Evaluating Drought Responses in Four Native Ornamental Species from High-Elevation Desert Regions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Due to low annual precipitation and high elevation, many residential areas in the Intermountain West region are classified as high-elevation deserts, necessitating the incorporation of drought-tolerant plants in residential landscapes. However, due to the short growing season and low winter temperatures, many commercial water-wise plants often fail to thrive in this region. Native plants from the Intermountain West could serve as low-water-use landscaping alternatives, but their drought tolerance remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of decreased medium volumetric water contents on the plant growth and physiology of four native ornamental plant species, including Asclepias speciosa (showy milkweed), Hedysarum boreale (Utah sweetvetch), Penstemon eriantherus (fuzzytongue penstemon), and Penstemon grandiflorus (shell-leaf beardtongue), in a greenhouse. Twenty-four plants of each species were randomly assigned to an automated irrigation system, and the substrate volumetric water content was maintained at 0.40 (control) or 0.20 m3⋅m−3 (drought) for 50 days. The decrease in substrate volumetric water content resulted in increased proportion of leaves visibly wilted across the four plant species and also impaired their visual quality. However, H. boreale, P. eriantherus, and P. grandiflorus receiving drought treatment where the substrate volumetric water content was 0.20 m³·m⁻³ still showed acceptable visual quality, while A. speciosa exhibited an unacceptable visual quality. However, the reduction in substrate volumetric water content from 0.40 to 0.20 m³·m⁻³ decreased relative plant growth index of A. speciosa and H. boreale by 19% and 17%, respectively, at the termination of the experiment. In addition, the total leaf area of H. boreale, P. eriantherus, and P. grandiflorus decreased from the control to the drought treatment, while the drought treatments reduced the dry weight of leaves of A. speciosa, H. boreale, and P. grandiflorus. To acclimate to the drought stress, A. speciosa and H. boreale modified their specific leaf area. In addition, H. boreale also increased its root to shoot ratio to adapt to water stress. Drought stress impaired the visual quality and growth of all four high-elevation desert ornamental species in this research. Penstemon eriantherus and P. grandiflorus maintained better visual quality and growth, making them more suitable for low water-use landscaping. Asclepias speciosa showed greater sensitivity to reduced water content despite its morphological adaptations to drought.
Speakers
DC

David Claypool

University of Wyoming
Co-authors
JC

Ji-Jhong Chen

University of Wyoming
RG

Robert Greenwald

Eastern Wyoming College
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Ornamentals/Landscape and Turf
  • Subject Ornamentals Landscape and Turf
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source University of Wyoming University of Wyoming College of Agriculture, Life Sciences, & Natural Resources, Office of Research and Economic Development Designated, Department of Plant Sciences. United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Plant Sciences Hatch Funds (WYO-631-22)

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Evaluating the Suitability of Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass for Golf Tee Use in the Chicago Area
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Warm-season (C₄) turfgrass species such as bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) exhibit superior recuperative potential compared to cool-season species. Excessive divot injury on cool-season turfgrass tees during peak golf play in summer can be problematic in Chicago, IL. Newer bermudagrasses and zoysiagrass are adaptable to northern climates, given improved cold tolerance. Improved cold tolerance and recuperative potential of newer bermudagrass and zoysiagrass suggest their possible use as a golf tee surface in temperate regions. This study evaluated newer cold-tolerant warm-season cultivars for use on golf course tees and was conducted in Lemont, IL. The RCBD study utilized eight treatments with five replications. Treatments included four bermudagrass cultivars (Tahoma 31, OKC3920, OSU15x9, OSU1629) and four zoysiagrass cultivars (Meyer, Innovation, DALZ1701, DALZ1808). Area Under the Progress Curve (AUPC) was used to integrate seasonal performance across timepoints. Bermudagrass entries Tahoma 31, OKC3920, and OSU1629 demonstrated significantly superior establishment rates, lateral spread, and turfgrass cover. In 2024, average turfgrass cover for the four bermudagrasses was 60% versus 21.1% for the four zoysiagrasses. All bermudagrasses retained acceptable green color ratings (≥6) by mid-October, with OSU15x9 showing extended fall green color retention. Meyer and DALZ1808 zoysiagrass were the earliest to break dormancy on Apr 29, 2025. Continued evaluation of cold-tolerant warm-season turfgrasses for winter survival is necessary prior to their use in northern climates.
Speakers
SS

Shehbaz Singh

Manager of Turfgrass research, Chicago District Golf Association
Co-authors
DS

Derek Settle

Chicago District Golf Association
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Influence of mulch application and planting depth on growth of Magnolia grandiflora 'Kay Parris'.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The effects of planting trees at improper depths have been clearly identified for many species. Improper planting often leads to reduced growth, reduced aesthetic value and increased mortality. Magnolia grandiflora is an evergreen species native to coastal states from North Carolina, south to Florida and west to Texas. The cultivar 'Kay Parris' is gaining popularity and is widely cultivated in the southeastern U.S. for its compact form and beauty in the landscape. On 18 December, 2023, asexually propagated 'Kay Parris' magnolia in 8.7L containers were transplanted to a field in Nacogdoches, TX. Plants were randomly assigned one of four planting depths (crown 5 cm above grade, crown planted at grade, crown 5 cm below grade and crown planted 10 cm below grade) and one of two mulching treatments (7.6cm of mulch applied or no mulch). Plants were randomly arranged in a modified complete block design comprised of 3 blocks with 2 plants of each treatment combination in a block. Dimensions of each plant (including height and width in two directions) were recorded at planting and ornamental ratings were assigned. After one year of establishment, the only statistically significant difference among the treatments was that those plants that received a mulch application grew taller than those with no mulch by over 7cm. No other statistical differences appeared in year one of the study. Year two of the study is ongoing.
Speakers
AK

Andrew King

Texas A&M AgriLife
Co-authors
DC

David Creech

SFA Gardens
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Public Perception of Diverse Seed Mixes for Urban Landscape Use
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
High diversity seed mixes have potential for providing ecological benefits including improvement of soil health, support of pollinator populations, and providing low maintenance landscaping. The focus of this research is to evaluate perception of the general public on the aesthetic value and desirability of diverse seed mixes in various settings. An online survey was deployed which included imagery of diverse seed mixes and conventional landscapes. Respondents were asked to rate desirability of the use of diverse seed mixes in various potential areas including home gardens, low traffic public spaces, and vacant lots. Respondents were also asked to evaluate the perceived ecological services associated with diverse seed mixes. Of respondents, 42 percent found diverse seed mix plantings appealing, compared to 52 percent who expressed that a conventional landscape was appealing. Greatest support for application of diverse seed mixes was for use in private gardens, vacant lots, and community garden spaces. Among respondents, enhancing appearance and support for pollinator populations were rates of highest importance in terms of landscaping benefits.
Speakers
MB

Molly Boyd

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
Co-authors
CE

Christian Elowsky

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
LL

Louise Lynch-O'Brien

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
RS

Ronald Stephenson

Plant Sciences Hall
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Responses of Ornamental Groundcovers and Turfgrass Species to Drought Stress
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Water use in the landscape has become a more prevalent issue as the demand increases for more residential and commercial areas to be irrigated. This increase in water use indicates a need for drought tolerant plant species. Ornamental ground covers may provide an alternative to traditional turfgrass and provide water savings. Several studies have evaluated drought tolerance of turfgrass species, including Poa pratensis and Festuca arundinacea. Ground cover species, however, have less research available regarding drought tolerance. In this study, we analyzed six ground cover species (Dianthus caryophyllus, Lysimachia nummularia, Phlox subulata ‘Emerald Blue’, Sedum album, Stachys byzantina, and Vinca major) and three turfgrass species (Bouteloua dactyloides, Festuca arundinacea, and Poa pratensis) to evaluate their performance during drought and recovery. We conducted two studies to simulate drought-like conditions in a greenhouse at Kansas State University from April 2024 to November 2024 and May 2024 to January 2025. During the dry downs, plants were not watered until they reached a quality rating of one (1-9 scale, 1=dead/dormant and 9=best quality). Following the dry downs, normal watering resumed for 60 d to simulate a recovery period. Data collected three times per week during the drought period included quality rating (1-9), pot weight (g), and volumetric water content (θv); and one time per week we collected leaf water potential (ΨLeaf) and stomatal conductance (gs) readings. Results show S. album performed the best lasting an average of 157 d until reaching a quality rating of one. S. byzantina, B. dactyloides, V. major, D. Caryophyllus also performed well averaging 92, 51, 46, and 40 d, respectively, to a quality of one. P. subulate, P. pratensis, F. arundinacea, and L. nummularia performed the worst, averaging 35 d to decline to a quality rating of one. Following the dry down, the 60 d recovery period showed the following species recovered: B. dactyloides [58% Percent Green Cover (PGC)], F. arundinacea (45% PGC), L. nummularia (14% PGC), S. album (11% PGC), P. pratensis (10% PGC), and V. major (5% PGC). None of the other species recovered through the recovery period. Results indicate S. album, B. dactyloides, and V.major may perform the best in landscapes experiencing drought. F. arundinacea, L. nummularia, and P. pratensis may be good options as well if rain events or irrigation resumes following a dry or dormancy period.
Speakers
JC

Jacob Cody Domenghini

Assistant Professor, Kansas State University
Co-authors
LD

Levi Dreiling

Kansas State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - The American Rose Trials for Sustainability® (A.R.T.S.®) Program Announces Fourteen Winning Roses for 2026
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The American Rose Trials for Sustainability® (A.R.T.S.®) program trials roses throughout the US and is in its ninth year of announcing winning roses. Roses are evaluated monthly during the growing season for floral attributes (42.5% of score), foliar health and quality (45% of score), and growth habit (12.5% of score). Over the two-year trial, roses are grown using minimal inputs (i.e. no pesticides, no deadheading, moderate irrigation, etc.). Entries that score equal to or higher than the regional average of the control cultivars (Double Knock Out® [‘RADtko’] and Sunrise Sunset™ [‘BAIset’]) and have >50% survival by the end of the trial period, earn Local Artist awards based on Köppen climate region. Roses winning in four or more regions earn the added distinction of the Master Rose award. The 2026 award winning roses were trialed in 2023 and 2024. Six US Köppen climate regions were represented (Cfa, Cfb, Csa, Dfa, Dfb, and H) . Three roses won 2026 A.R.T.S.® Master Rose awards: Dessert First™ ('DD987-1'; Csa, Dfa, Dfb, and H), Ruby Red™ ('MEIzilena'; Csa, Dfa, Dfb, and H), and Blushing Drift® ('MEIfranjin'; Cfa, Cfb, Dfa, Dfb, and H). Eleven roses won 2026 A.R.T.S.® Local Artist awards: Celeste BlueSky™ ('P2046L'; Csa and Dfa), Easy Spirit™ ('WEKmereadoit'; Csa and H), Elizabeth® (AUSMajesty'; Cfa and Csa), Julie Andrews ('DELfluros'; Dfa), Maurice Utrillo™ ('DELstavo'; Csa), Patriot Dream™ ('BAIdre'; Dfa), Reminiscent® Coral ('BOZfra221'; Dfa), Ringo® Double Pink ('CHEWDelight', Csa abd Dfa), True Confidence™ ('FS118T'; Dfa), True Crush™ ('ESR015T'; Dfb), and White Lies™ ('POT3', H). Performance data will be provided by region for the two control and fourteen winning rose cultivars.
Speakers
avatar for Jeff Wilson

Jeff Wilson

Mississippi State University Extension
Co-authors
AB

Ashley Barkow

Green Bay Botanical Garden
NA
CS

Chris Schlenker

South Dakota State University
NA
CK

Crystal Kim

Red Butte Gardens-University of Utah
NA
DZ

David Zlesak

University of Wisconsin-River Falls
NA
GH

Gaye Hammond

Houston Rose Society
NA
GP

Gregory Pongetti

Arboretum and Botanical Garden at Cal State Fullerton
NA
JS

Jeff S. Kuehny

LSU AgCenter Botanic Gardens at Burden
NA
KM

Kristine M. Lang

South Dakota State University
MK

Mark Konlock

Green Bay Botanical Garden
NA
PD

Patrick Dahl

Chicago Botanic Garden
NA
RB

Rachel Burlington

Portland Parks
NA
RN

Randy Nelson

University of Minnesota-Crookston
NA
RH

Richard Hawke

Chicago Botanic Garden
NA
SG

Steve George

Texas A
NA
SW

Susan Worthey

Mississippi State University
NA
WE

Wanda Ellis

LSU AgCenter Botanic Gardens at Burden
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Transitioning bentgrass to subsurface drip irrigation during establishment in sand-based systems
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Establishment of bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) from seed in sand-based systems using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) presents a challenge due to limited capillary rise of water from the drip emitter. An experiment was designed to evaluate bentgrass seed irrigated overhead at establishment and then transitioned to SDI once roots reach specific depths. Treatments consisted of a control (overhead irrigation only) and SDI irrigated overhead till roots reached 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm depth. Nineteen-liter (5 gallon) buckets (lysimeters) were filled with 5 cm of pea-gravel and then 30 cm mix of sand 90% and peatmoss 10%. Each bucket had a single drip emitter (gallon/hour) in the center of the bucket at a 15 cm depth. Data consisted of days to reach transition depth, percent cover, soil moisture and nitrogen. The SDI at 0 cm rooting depth treatment never established any bentgrass as irrigation from the emitter never reached the surface. The 5, 10 and 15 cm SDI treatments transition from overhead to drip 18, 27 and 38 days after seeding, respectively. The percent cover was 100, 82, 85 and 95% for the control 5, 10 and 15 cm treatments, respectively at 90 days after seeding. Volumetric water content was highest in the control and lower in the SDI treatments regardless of treatment. The SDI irrigation treatments developed tissue desiccation on the perimeter of the bucket after transitioning as the lateral capillary movement of water failed to reach the width of the bucket. Further research is needed to evaluate SDI spacing during transitioning that produce a high quality turfgrass in sand-based systems.
Speakers
MM

Michael Maurer

Stephen F. Austin State University
Co-authors
AS

Aakriti Sharma

Stephen F. Austin State University
NA
LK

Luke Keene

Stephen F. Austin State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

O/LT - Updating Fertilizer Best Management Practices for Sod Producers in Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
This project is focused on improving nutrient management recommendations for sod producers as part of Florida’s best management practices (BMPs) program. The goal of this project is to evaluate nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate recommendations for Florida sod growers to achieve yield goals (shorten time to harvest) without negatively impacting water quality. The project was initiated in October 2023 and was conducted at four sod farms across the state and at the West Florida Research and Education Center (WFREC). At each farm, the project was conducted on two grass species. The N fertilizer (70% soluble plus 30% slow release) rates included 0, 120, 190, 260, and 330 lbs N/acre/year, which includes the range of current University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) recommendations. The annual N rate was split into monthly applications throughout the growing season. At the WFREC location, N applications were also being combined with phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications at 0 and 44 lbs P/acre/year to determine both N and P leaching. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. All other normal agronomic practices (irrigation, pesticides, etc.) were followed. Data collection included monthly visual turfgrass quality ratings, visual estimated percent cover, percent green cover via digital image analysis, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Soil cores and tissue samples were collected at the beginning and end of each growing season to determine soil chemical properties and nutrient concentrations. At harvest, sod samples were also collected to measure nutrient exports from fields. At WFREC, leachate was collected weekly and as needed based on rainfall events. Leachate volumes were measured at each water sampling event and subsamples from the leachate were analyzed for N and P concentrations. Preliminary results indicate that there are treatment differences in percent cover for all grasses. When grass species was combined across sod farms, the N rates of 260 and 330 lbs N/acre/year increased St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] percent cover. Additionally, the yearly rate of 330 lbs N/acre resulted in the greatest bermudagrass percent cover [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy]. This experiment is being repeated, and additional analysis will occur after the second harvest cycle has been completed.
Speakers
VA

VICTOR ABARCA

University of Florida
Co-authors
AL

Alex Lindsey

University of Florida
BU

Bryan Unruh

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

PGR - Asynchrony in blueberries: use of ABA and MeJas to promote earlier coloration under in-vitro conditions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) exhibit a high degree of asynchrony during flowering, fruit set, and ripening. Fruit pigmentation is highly dependent on direct solar radiation, resulting in significant differences between sun-exposed and shaded berries within the same cluster. This study evaluated the effect of two plant growth regulators (PGRs), abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJas), on fruit coloration and firmness under in vitro conditions. Clusters from two cultivars, ‘Duke’ and ‘Brigitta’, were collected at the green berry stage, two weeks before the expected start of commercial harvest in the 2024–25 season. Half of the clusters were taken from the outer canopy (sun-exposed) and half from the inner canopy (shaded). In the laboratory, clusters were placed in Falcon tubes with their twigs immersed in one of six solutions: (1) water (Control 1), (2) sucrose (Control 2), (3) ABA 500 ppm sucrose, (4) ABA 1000 ppm sucrose, (5) MeJas 0.1 mM sucrose, and (6) MeJas 1 mM sucrose. The samples were maintained in a growth chamber under controlled temperature (22 °C) and photoperiod (16 h light at 70 µmol/m²/sec). Fruit were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 days post-treatment for coloration (percentage of blue fruit) and firmness (g mm⁻¹). ABA treatments significantly accelerated fruit coloration in both cultivars. In ‘Duke’, ABA-500 and ABA-1000 reached 80% and 100% blue fruit by day 6, respectively, compared to
Speakers
CM

Claudia Moggia

Universidad de Talca
Co-authors
CF

Carlos Figueroa

Universidad de Talca
NA
DS

Daniel Sepulveda

Universidad de Talca
NA
FL

Felipe Laurie

Universidad de Talca
NA
GA

Gustavo A. Lobos

Universidad de Talca
MV

Marcelo Valdes

Universidad de Talca
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Growth Regulation

12:15pm CDT

PGR - Managing Cider Apple Yield and Quality through Crop Load Management
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Many traditional European cider cultivars are known to have biennial bearing tendencies and growers have reported that conventional thinners such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) are ineffective. The goal of this two-year study is to determine the efficacy of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on traditional European cider cultivars in reducing biennial bearing and improving juice and cider quality, while also maintaining sufficient yield to ensure profitability. The chemical thinners used in this study were applied with a backpack sprayer and consisted of the lowest and highest labelled rates of NAA (PoMaxa; Valent BioSciences LLC, Libertyville, IL) and 6-BA (MaxCel; Valent BioSciences LLC, Libertyville, IL) mixed with 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate (Carbaryl; Sevin SL; Loveland Products Inc, Greeley, CO). The chemical thinners were applied to the high-tannin cider cultivars, ‘Binet Rouge’, ‘Chisel Jersey’, ‘Dabinett’, ‘Harry Masters Jersey’, and ‘Porter’s Perfection’. The experiment was conducted at the Cornell research orchards in Ithaca and Lansing, NY, as well as commercial orchards in Walden, Lyndonville, and Trumansburg, NY. Each site was a fully replicated (n = 5) randomized complete block design. Preliminary data found that chemical thinning reduced crop load between 24% and 62% (measured as the total number of fruit per tree) and increased individual fruit weight (measured in grams) between 24% and 70%. Additionally, chemical thinning increased soluble solids concentration in the juice (measured in degrees Brix) between 6% and 29% and increased titratable acidity (measured in grams/liter) between 9% and 29%. These results demonstrate that PGRs can be effectively used to manage crop load for European cider cultivars. A second field season is planned for 2025.
Speakers
OB

Oksana Bihun

Cornell University
Co-authors
GP

Gregory Peck

Cornell University
MB

Michael Brown

Cornell University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Growth Regulation
  • Subject Plant Growth Regulation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

12:15pm CDT

PGR - Modification of core phosphorylation in photosystem II assembly using chloroplast transformation.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Photosynthesis, the process by which light is converted into chemical energy, occurs in chloroplasts and involves two photosystems (PS II and PS I) connected by the cytochrome b6f complex. PS II is responsible for water splitting in oxygenic photosynthesis and is composed of a dimeric core and peripheral antennae. These antennae regulate excitation pressure under varying light conditions, preventing damage to PS II. In high-light environments, dissociation of the antennae is crucial for optimizing light harvesting and enabling self-repair of PS II. Phosphorylation of core proteins, particularly at the Thr2 residue in PsbA (D1) and PsbD (D2), plays a key role in antenna regulation and PS II repair. However, the mechanisms underlying phosphorylation-dependent disassembly of PS II are not well understood. In this study, we generated mutated PsbA and PsbD genes with alanine substitutions at the Thr2 phosphorylation site. These mutated genes were introduced into the chloroplast genome via particle bombardment, and homologous recombination was used to replace the native genes. Characterizing plants with these mutations will provide insight into the role of phosphorylation in the disassembly of PS II, a process crucial for light-harvesting efficiency and repair. This work aims to enhance our understanding of photosynthetic regulation and inform strategies for improving crop efficiency.
Speakers Co-authors
SP

Sujith Puthiyaveetil

Purdue University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Growth Regulation
  • Subject Plant Growth Regulation
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work was supported in part by a DOE-Office of Science Grant to SP & AD; Texas A&M AgriLife Hatch Project #TEX0-9950-0, and startup funds from Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Texas A&M University to AD.

12:15pm CDT

PGR - Response of Gillenia stipulata to Ethephon and Far-red Light
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Gillenia stipulata, commonly known as Wester Indian Physic, is an ornamental herbaceous perennial in the Rosaceae family native to the Midwest and Eastern North America. Ethephon has been previously shown to affect plant growth, development and early flowering in apple seedlings. In the present study, interaction of ethephon and light quality on G. stipulata plant growth and development was examined. Plants were grown from seed purchased from Prairie Moon Nursery (Winona, MN) and when 4-5 leaves had been initiated, seedlings were treated with 0 (Control), 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, or 2000 ppm Florel (Monterey Lan
Speakers
SM

Sonja Maki

University of Wisconsin-River Falls
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:15pm CDT

POM 1 - Effect of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) as a Potential Cryoprotectant to Reduce Spring Frost Damage in Pear and Apple Cultiv
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Ongoing climate change has resulted in unusually high winter temperatures and earlier spring warming, which have caused major fruit trees to bloom earlier than in previous years. This shift is increasing the risk of spring frost damage, emphasizing the urgent need for eco-friendly, sustainable and cost-effective protective strategies. Considering these, this present study, cellulose nanofiber (CNF), a nanomaterial extracted from plant cell wall cellulose from wood and pulp via mechanical (RE) and chemical (TEMPO) processes, was combined with sodium alginate (AG), a natural substance extracted from seaweed. It was applied as a coating material to provide thermal insulation and assess its effectiveness in protecting pear cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Wonhwang’ and apple cultivars ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’. As frost damage was forecasted to occur on March 30, 2025, cryoprotectants were applied to apples on March 28, 2025, and pears on March 29, 2025. In pears, treatments were applied to ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Wonhwang’ trees in an orchard in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. Five treatments (control, 1.0% RE-CNF, 1.1% TEMPO-CNF, RE:AG=8:2, and TEMPO:AG=8:2) were applied to five trees per cultivar. Spraying was conducted once at the early flower cluster visibility stage (Stage 4) for ‘Niitaka’ and at the half-inch green stage (Stage 3) for ‘Wonhwang’. For apples, treatments were applied to 15 trees each of ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’ cultivars located in an orchard in Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. The flower bud stage for both ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’ was at the half-inch green (Stage 4) when a single spray was applied. The study established that in ‘Niitaka’ pears the TEMPO:AG=8:2 treatment achieved the lowest pistil and stamen damage rates at 64% and 83%, respectively, reducing damage by 17% and 11% compared to the control. In ‘Wonhwang’ pears, the pistil damage rate was lowest as 11% with RE-CNF, and the combined pistil and stamen damage rate was lowest as 56% with TEMPO-CNF, showing reductions of 14% and 9% compared to the control. In both ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’ apples, the combined pistil and stamen damage rate was 18% and 7%, respectively, with the TEMPO:AG = 8:2 treatment, showing 12% and 21% reductions compared to the control. In conclusion, the CNF mixtures revealed effective frost protection by significantly reducing frost damage rates in pears and apples. Thus, it is considered the most suitable material for developing cryoprotectants to mitigate spring frost damage in these major fruit crops.
Speakers
avatar for HYUNSUK SHIN

HYUNSUK SHIN

Gyeongsang National University
Co-authors
HJ

HYO JEONG KIM

Gyeongsang National University
NA
PM

PANDIYAN MUTHURAMALINGAM

Gyeongsang National University
NA
SP

SUJEONG PARK

Gyeongsang National University
NA
YP

YEONJU PARK

Gyeongsang National University
NA
YR

YERIM RYU

Gyeongsang National University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 2
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was carried out with the support of the “Cooperative Research Program for Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Project No. RS-2025-02183070)” funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

12:15pm CDT

POM 1 - Evaluation of Select Plant Growth Regulators on Improving Fruit Set in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production in Texas is limited by inconsistent and overall poor yields due to spring frost and loss of hardiness in buds associated with erratic temperature swings in late winter/early spring. Several plant growth regulators (PGRs) were evaluated for improving yields. PGRs were applied in the fall and spring to assess their potential for mitigating floral bud injury, improving bud hardiness, enhancing fruit set, and improving fruit retention rates. Two-year-old ‘Wenatchee Moorpark’ trees on ‘KRYMSK-1’ rootstock, spaced at 1.33 by 3.33 meters were used with a randomized complete block design with five single-plant replications. Fall applications were made at approximately 50% natural leaf fall of Ethephon at rates of 100, 200, and 300 mg/L-1, Accede (ACC) at rates of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/L-1, and ProTone (S-ABA) at rates of 500 and 1000 mg/L-1. Following defoliation of the trees, white latex paint was also applied as a treatment to the entire canopy and trunk of dormant trees. Spring treatments aimed at improving fruit set were applied during full bloom and included Promalin (GA4+7, 6-BA) at rates of 1.17 and 2.34 L/ha-1, and ReTain (AVG) at rates of 889 and 1,778 mg/L-1. Additionally, evaluations were conducted on combination treatments of fall and spring applications. These treatments included Ethephon+Promalin+Latex; Ethephon+ReTain+Latex; Accede+Promalin+Latex, and Accede+ReTain+Latex, which were applied at the highest concentrations for each product evaluated individually in this study. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was carried out on the 15th and 16th of February 2025 using 5 floral buds per tree as sub-samples. LT50 found Accede at 1500 mg/L-1 significantly improved bud hardiness by 4.67°C relative to the control. Additionally, treatments of Accede+Latex, Accede+Promalin+Latex, and all three combination treatments of Ethephon delayed floral bud development relative to control. However, Ethephon produced significant gummosis and visible injuries, whereas Accede produced negligible gummosis. Fruit set, as assessed by counting fruit on 50.8cm lengths of standard sample shoots, was improved using the highest concentration of ReTain (AVG). The mean fruit number increased from 1.2 for the control, to 5.0 for AVG, at P= 0.0002, occurring after exposure to temperatures below -4°C on March 19th. The results from this and future years of this trial are anticipated to assist in improving the feasibility of commercial apricot production within Texas and similar environments.

Speakers Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 2
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant Program
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

12:15pm CDT

POM 1 - Fruit Weights, Percent Seed, and Soluble Solids Content of Six Advanced Selections from Kentucky State University’s Pawp
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The North American Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a tree fruit native to the Eastern U.S. which is being produced in commercial orchards across the U.S. and internationally, with an increasing market and interest. There are approximately 50 pawpaw cultivars available, but many of these varieties have low yields with fruit sizes below the threshold of 120 grams needed for commercial sale and processing. New high yielding cultivars with excellent fruit quality would further assist in the development of the pawpaw industry. Kentucky State University serves as the National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Pawpaw. Two goals of the Repository research efforts are germplasm acquisition and evaluation. The repository contains over 2000 accessions from 16 different states; additionally, both open pollinated seedlings from superior genotypes and crosses of superior selections have been incorporated into the repository collection. Fruit weights, percent seed by weight, and soluble solids content from six of KSU’s advanced selections (Hi 1-4, Hi 7-1, G4-25, G6-120, G9-109, and G9-111) were compared to the cultivars ‘KSU-Atwood’, ‘KSU-Chappell’, and ‘Ralph’s Whopper’. All advanced selections had average fruit weights over 120 grams with Hi 1-4 having the highest fruit weight (229.8 g). ‘KSU-Chappell’ had the lowest percent seed (4.7%), with Hi 1-4 having the second lowest (5.9%). Hi 1-4 had the highest soluble solids content at 25.9 Brix and all selections examined were above 21 Brix. Several selections including Hi 1-4 and Hi 7-1 show potential to be promising new releases and have been budded onto seedling rootstock for further evaluation.
Speakers
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
KB

Kirie Broberg

Kentucky State University
NA
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
PB

Page Barker

Kentucky State University
NA
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Kentucky State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 2
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Evans Allen

12:15pm CDT

POM 1 - Hawk238: A Unique Pawpaw Selection for Kentucky Production?
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal) is a native tree fruit that is in the early stages of commercial production. According to the 2022 Census of Agriculture, there are over 90 commercial pawpaw growers in Kentucky. Pawpaw fruit has fresh market appeal for farmers' markets, community-supported agriculture, and organic markets, as well as processing potential for frozen pulp production. There are approximately 50 pawpaw cultivars commercially available. Kentucky State University has already released three pawpaw cultivars: KSU-Atwood™ in 2009, KSU-Benson™ in 2016, and KSU-Chappell™ in 2018. However, additional high-quality cultivars are needed. Pawpaw varieties with fruit weights over 120 g per fruit are considered to have a large enough fruit size for commercial sale and processing. New high-yielding cultivars with excellent fruit quality would further assist in the development of the pawpaw industry. Kentucky State University serves as the National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Pawpaw. Two goals of the Repository’s research efforts are germplasm acquisition and evaluation. The selection Hawk238 was identified by a private grower as having a unique fruit type and promising characteristics as a potential new cultivar. In 2024, the fruit size and quality of the pawpaw cultivars Susquehanna and Shenandoah were compared to Hawk238. Fruit size was similar among ‘Susquehanna,’ ‘Shenandoah,’ and Hawk238, averaging 190 g, 155 g, and 154 g, respectively. The Brix of ripe fruit pulp was significantly lower in ‘Shenandoah’ (17.7 Brix) compared to ‘Susquehanna’ (25.4 Brix) and Hawk238 (24.3 Brix). The selection Hawk238 has a pleasing orange flesh with a mild banana-mango flavor and a large fruit size that would be excellent for processing. This selection, Hawk238, will be included in additional trials.
Speakers
avatar for Kirk Pomper

Kirk Pomper

Professor-College of Agriculture, Kentucky State University
Co-authors
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Kentucky State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 2
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA Evans Allen Capacity Funding

12:15pm CDT

POM 1 - Hi1-4 and Hi7-1: Yield Data on Two Promising New Selections from Kentucky State University’s Pawpaw Breeding Program
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
The North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a tree fruit native to North America, and is being produced on a small scale commercially across the U.S. and internationally, with over 90 pawpaw growers in Kentucky alone. There are approximately 50 pawpaw cultivars available, but some of these varieties tend to be poor quality, low yielding, have small fruit size, or exhibit poor flavors. Kentucky State University’s pawpaw breeding program is striving to develop new improved pawpaw cultivars with good flavor and high yields. A pawpaw variety trial was established at the Kentucky State University Harold R. Benson Research and Demonstration Farm in Frankfort, KY, in 2017 consisting of two commercially available cultivars (‘KSU-Benson’ and ‘KSU-Chappell’) and two KSU advanced selections (Hi1-4 and Hi7-1). Data on number of fruit and clusters per tree and fruit weights were collected to compare advanced selections Hi1-4 and Hi7-1 to KSU-Benson and KSU-Chappell. The advanced selections Hi1-4 and Hi7-1 had large average fruit weights of 213 g (Hi1-4) and 167 g (Hi7-1). The cultivars KSU-Benson (179 g) and KSU-Chappell (234 g) also had large marketable fruit. Pawpaw fruit over 120 g are generally considered to be large enough for commercial sale and processing. Hi1-4 and Hi7-1 had an average yield of 12.8 kg and 12.0 kg per tree respectively in 2024, compared to KSU-Benson and KSU-Chappell with average yields of 16.9 kg and 27.2 kg respectively. Advanced selection Hi1-4 (1.7) and cultivar KSU-Benson (1.8) averaged under 2 fruit per cluster, while Hi7-1 (2.1) and KSU-Chappell (2.5) averaged slightly over 2 fruit per cluster. It is desirable for pawpaws to have fewer fruit per cluster and more single fruit, for ease of harvesting. Hi1-4 and Hi7-1 have large, flavorful fruit and high yields, and are planned to be released as new cultivars from the KYSU pawpaw breeding program in Fall 2025.
Speakers
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Horticulture Research and Extension Associate, Kentucky State University
Co-authors
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 2
  • Subject Pomology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA Evans-Allen Research

12:15pm CDT

POM 1 - Influence of propagation method and irrigation level on coarse root system architecture of Prunus rootstocks
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Root system development in perennial crops is critical for the long-term survival of trees. Long lived coarse roots form the rigid structure that supports the dynamics of the absorptive fine root system. The woody root scaffold developed early in a tree’s life can shape lasting aspects of mature root system structure and function, including the extent of soil exploration. Research on early root scaffold development under different propagation and field management conditions has untapped potential for orchard system improvement. Rootstock propagation method significantly influences root system architecture (RSA). Seed propagation in Prunus species produces a vertically oriented taproot at germination, with lateral roots developing along this main axis. In contrast, clonally propagated rootstocks (e.g., cuttings, tissue culture) develop adventitious roots from a wound site or callus, often resulting in shallower, clustered root systems emerging from a concentrated point of origin. While clonal propagation exhibits trait uniformity and a high rate of initial root production, excessive root crowding and limited vertical distribution could lead to structural deformities, increased susceptibility to soil-borne disease, and reduced soil exploration for water and nutrients as trees mature. Studies have shown that a greater number of roots increases initial transplanting success, but a profusion of scaffold roots may result in competition for space, leading to permanent changes in RSA detrimental to long-term tree health. This study examines RSA traits (the spatial configuration of roots, including distribution, morphology, and topology) for coarse roots in commercial almond rootstock cultivars that were either seed or clonally propagated and subjected to full or deficit irrigation regimes. We evaluate how propagation method influences root angle (deep water access), scion growth (survival and vigor), root crowding (potential disease risk), and root distribution (soil exploration) in this 3-year common garden experiment. We found that rootstock significantly influenced traits like mean root diameter and convex hull (p < 0.05), suggesting genotypic differences in root vigor and extension into the soil profile. Propagation method did not significantly affect root angle after the first season, but prolonged exposure to deficit irrigation conditions in succeeding years will be important to understanding the adaptive capacity of these traits over time. As climate variability intensifies, understanding how rootstock propagation impacts RSA traits–particularly those relevant for accessing water stores, such as deeper root systems, elevated root vigor, and greater root length density at depth–will be essential for improving almond production in drought conditions, suboptimal soils, and other marginal environments.
Speakers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Pomology 2

12:15pm CDT

POM 1 - Phenological Modeling of Pollinizing Crabapple Cultivars (Malus spp.) and Commercial Apple Cultivars (Malus X domestica Borkh.) in Kentucky
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Apple (Malus X domestica Borkh.) cultivars require a pollinizer for cross-pollination to ensure fruit set when planted in contiguous blocks found in modern apple orchards. The overlap of bloom time between pollinizing crabapples (Malus spp.) and commercial cultivars is a critical component for adequate fruit set to occur. Bloom time and duration is correlated with temperature, suggesting this relationship could be influenced by climate change. Understanding the influence temperature has on bloom phenology of these pollinizing crabapples is important to ensure proper cultivar and pollinizer combinations are made by growers. 4 commercially available pollinizing crabapple cultivars (‘Indian Summer’, ‘Mt. Blanc™’, ‘Mt. Evereste™’, ‘Snow Drift’) were replicated 5 times in completely randomized design. In spring of 2024 and 2025, pollinizers were analyzed 1-2 times per week for developmental stages from silver tip to petal fall. These two years represented one of the warmest and then coldest springs on record in Kentucky, respectively. Commercial apple cultivars were also analyzed for comparison. The stage progression data for each pollinizer cultivar was modeled using growing degrees days (GDD) base 6.6°C. In both observed years, the first crabapple to bloom was ‘Indian Summer’ and the final crabapple to bloom was ‘Mt. Blanc™’. In the first year, ‘Indian Summer’ bloomed on Julian Day (JD) 88 at 166.4 GGD and in the second year bloomed on JD 92 at 179.8 GDD. 'Mt. Blanc™’ bloomed on JD 104 at 250.1 GDD and 244.9 GDD in years one and two, respectively. In year one, ‘Gold Rush’ began bloom on JD 97 at 199.4 GDD, which overlapped with ‘Mt. Evereste™’ and ‘Snow Drift’, whereas in the second year ‘Gold Rush’ began bloom on JD 93 at 179.4 GDD and stopped blooming on JD 108 at 279.8 GDD, which overlapped with ‘Mt. Evereste™’, ‘Snow Drift’, and ‘Mt. Blanc™’. There was little bloom overlap in 2024, with the earliest crabapples blooming earlier and more rapidly than the cultivars. In 2025, bloom overlap improved but little overlap occurred with more than two pollinizers at a time. These results show bloom overlap can be influenced by different temperature patterns during winter and spring, and pollinizer selection needs to be carefully considered. It can be concluded that using growing degree-days can help predict bloom time for pollinizers. In Kentucky, limited bloom overlap of apples and pollinizers could indicate a concern for northern apple growing regions as spring temperatures become more variable with climate change.
Speakers
ES

Elayna Stirn

University of Kentucky
Co-authors
BA

Brent Arnoldussen

University of Kentucky
NA
MW

Miranda Woodcock

University of Kentucky
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:15pm - 1:00pm CDT
Empire AB

12:30pm CDT

Exhibitor Talk - Spectrum Technologies, Inc
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
MT

Mike Thurow

President & CEO, Spectrum Technologies, Inc
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Hort Theater

12:30pm CDT

UG 1 - Investigating Silicon Supplementation for Lettuce Grown with Food Waste-Based Anaerobic Digestate
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Food waste liquid anaerobic digestate (FWLAD) contains higher salt concentrations than synthetic fertilizers at comparable nutrient levels. As a result, plants may experience salt stress at optimal nutrient concentrations or nutrient deficiencies when electrical conductivity (EC) is reduced. Silicon (Si) has been shown to alleviate salt stress and promote plant growth under nutrient-limited conditions. This study investigated whether Si supplementation can mitigate salt stress under high EC and enhance growth under low EC when FWLAD is used to fertilize lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Muir’) transplants. Lettuce seeds were sown in either rockwool plugs or a 128-cell plug tray filled with a peat-based growing medium. One week after sowing, seedlings were sub-irrigated with one of nine nutrient solutions prepared from FWLAD. These solutions were adjusted to one of three target EC levels (1, 2, or 3 dS·m⁻¹) and amended with one of three Si treatments: (1) no Si (control, supplemented with 1.5 mM potassium sulfate to match potassium levels), (2) 1.5 mM lab-grade potassium silicate (prepared from silicic acid and potassium hydroxide), or (3) 1.5 mM commercial-grade potassium silicate (AGSIL16H, a commercially available product). Seedlings were grown indoors at 22 °C, with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and an 18-hour photoperiod, for a total of three weeks after sowing. For the control treatment without Si, leaf number, total leaf area, and shoot fresh mass were highest at EC 2, indicating that moderate EC promoted optimal growth. Compared to the control, supplementation with lab-grade potassium silicate increased leaf number, total leaf area, and shoot fresh mass by 16%, 63%, and 56% at EC 2, and by 69%, 423%, and 255% at EC 3 in rockwool, and by 10%, 10%, and 11% at EC 2, and by 19%, 42%, and 63% at EC 3 in growing medium. At EC 1, lab-grade potassium silicate had little to no effect on leaf area and shoot fresh mass in either substrate. Commercial-grade potassium silicate did not affect leaf number, leaf area, or shoot fresh mass at any EC. These results suggest that Si supplementation using lab-grade potassium silicate can improve lettuce seedling growth under high-EC conditions when fertilized with FWLAD, with more pronounced effects observed in rockwool compared to the growing medium.
Speakers
TM

Trevor Maxwell

Arizona State University
Co-authors
EF

Estevan Felix

Arizona State University
NA
JB

Jennifer Boldt

United States Department of Agriculture
YP

Yujin Park

Arizona State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:30pm - 12:45pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research

12:45pm CDT

Exhibitor Talk - LI-COR
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Hort Theater

12:45pm CDT

UG 1 - Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Increases Yield Without Negatively Affecting Fruit Quality of Everbearing Strawberries Produce
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Strawberries are the top consumed and produced berry in the United States. Demand for local and off-season availability has increased the production of strawberries in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). While production protocols exist for many leafy greens, limited information is available for emerging CEA crops such as strawberry. Optimizing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations for CEA strawberry production is of interest, given that previous research has shown increased yields and enhanced organoleptic properties of strawberries with CO2 enrichment. However, strawberry chemical composition varies depending on cultural practices, environmental conditions, and cultivar. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of CO2 enrichment on yield and fruit quality of everbearing strawberries in a controlled environment. Two strawberry cultivars (Fragaria ×ananassa ‘Albion’ and ‘Ozark Beauty’) were propagated from vegetative runners and grown in 2.7-L pots for eight weeks in walk-in growth chambers under either an ambient (450 μmol·mol–1) or enriched (900 μmol·mol–1) CO2 concentration. Temperature and relative humidity setpoints were 20/12 °C and 55/65% (day/night), respectively, with a photosynthetic photon flux density target of 348 µmol∙m–2∙s–1 (18-h photoperiod; daily light integral of 21 mol∙m–2∙d–1). Fruit mass, width, and count were collected weekly on all ripe berries and a USDA grade was assigned based on width and presence of damage. During the final harvest, fruit firmness and Brix:acid were measured to further assess fruit quality and samples were collected for a sensory evaluation. Total yield (grams/plant) of both cultivars was highest under CO2 enrichment. Specifically, total yield increased by 22% and 37% under CO2 enrichment compared to ambient for ‘Albion’ and ‘Ozark Beauty’, respectively. No quality differences (e.g., fruit firmness and Brix:acid) were observed between CO2 concentration treatments for either cultivar. These results were similar to sensory evaluations for rate-all-that-apply (RATA) and affective (9-point hedonic scale) tests (n=84), with little difference observed between CO2 concentration treatments for either cultivar. Participants rated ‘Albion’ higher in overall appearance and overall liking compared to ‘Ozark Beauty’, regardless of CO2 treatment. ‘Ozark Beauty’ consistently rated higher in fermented flavor. In summary, CO2 enrichment increased everbearing strawberry fruit production without negatively impacting berry flavor for these two cultivars. Outreach efforts have sought to disseminate these results and, through program evaluation, identify interest and potential barriers to crop diversification and adoption of CEA strawberry production in Denver, CO.
Speakers
YR

Yamilex Romero

Colorado State University
NA
Co-authors
GS

Gabriel Sanchez

Colorado State University
NA
JH

Jake Holley

Colorado State University
NA
JB

Jennifer Boldt

United States Department of Agriculture
JC

Joshua Craver

Colorado State University
KH

Kale Harbick

United States Department of Agriculture
NA
MC

Martha Calvert

Colorado State University
NA
SP

Samantha P. Rosado

Colorado State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:45pm - 1:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-NIFA Project #2023-38640-39571 through the WSARE program under Project #GW24-001

12:59pm CDT

Wednesday Poster Session - 4
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:59pm - 1:45pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 12:59pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

UG 1 - Unravelling the rootstock-scion interaction in grafted watermelon plants
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
As the adoption of grafting technology is increasing among growers to manage soilborne diseases in watermelon production and new rootstocks are being developed, more research is needed to test different combinations of rootstocks and scions to identify growth differences that may be influenced by rootstock-scion interactions. In this greenhouse pot study, we examined the impact of the interspecific hybrid squash rootstock ‘Camelforce’ (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) and the wild watermelon rootstock ‘Carolina Strongback’ (Citrullus amarus) on the growth and development performance of two seedless watermelon scion cultivars with contrasting fruit maturity characteristics. Two weeks after seeding, early-maturing ‘Citation’ and late-maturing ‘Miramonte’ seedless watermelon plants were grafted onto each rootstock, respectively, with non-grafted scions and rootstocks as controls. The plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications and three plants per experimental unit. Non-grafted ‘Camelforce’ showed the longest primary vine, while ‘Miramonte’/‘Camelforce’ displayed significantly higher total vine length than other treatments. Non-grafted ‘Carolina Strongback’ exhibited significantly more leaves, followed by ‘Miramonte’/‘Camelforce’ and non-grafted ‘Miramonte’. ‘Camelforce’ also exhibited significantly greater above and below-ground dry weights, followed by ‘Miramonte’/‘Camel force’, although it did not differ from non-grafted ‘Miramonte’. The dry weights of ‘Citation’/‘Camelforce’ were significantly higher than non-grafted ‘Citation’. The above-ground dry weight of ‘Citation’/‘Carolina Strongback’ was significantly lower than all groups, except for non-grafted ‘Carolina Strongback’. Similarly, the below-ground dry weight of ‘Citation’/‘Carolina Strongback’ was significantly lower than treatments, except for ‘Miramonte’/‘Carolina Strongback’ and non-grafted ‘Carolina Strongback’. All treatments showed male and female flowers by week 3 after transplanting. Both non-grafted rootstocks showed more female flowers than non-grafted and grafted scions. At week 4 ‘Miramonte’/‘Carolina Strongback’ had more female flowers than all other treatments, while non-grafted ‘Camelforce’ exhibited the lowest. No difference in female flowers between the grafted and non-grafted scion groups was observed. Non-grafted scions exhibited more male flowers than the respective grafted plants by week 3. No differences were observed in male flowers except ‘Citation’/‘Carolina Strongback’ with fewer than grafted and non-grafted scions by week 4. Week 3 female flowers results suggest that grafting can significantly affect plant growth, but has a limited impact on flowering. The ‘Miramonte’/ ‘Camelforce’ group exhibited vigorous growth without significantly affecting flowering. Further research is necessary to explore how different types of rootstocks may impact fruit development of watermelon scions of varying fruit development characteristics in commercial production.
Speakers
KL

Kendall Lindsay

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
XZ

Xin Zhao

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Florida Specialty Crop Block Grant

1:00pm CDT

OPB - Visual color of redbud flowers depends on key anthocyanins
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Redbud (Cercis spp.) trees provide colorful spring bloom in much of North America. Although most genotypes are green-leaved, some cultivars have been developed with yellow, red, or purple leaves. Depending on genotype, flowers can be white, pink, purple, or red. Previously we found that leaf petioles from red or purple flowered redbuds contain peonidin-3-glucoside, purple-flowered redbuds also contain malvidin-3-glucoside, red-flowered redbuds lack appreciable malvidin-3-glucoside, and white flower types lack either pigment. In the current study, we followed the anthocyanins present in the calyx, petal, and pedicel of flowers in purple, red, yellow and green leaved genotypes to determine pigment profile continuity and possible leaf color influence on pigments. A total of 30 cultivar/genotypes of redbud flowers were used, including C. chinensis, C. glabra, C. canadensis, and C. canadensis ssp. texensis, mexicana. Calyx, petal, and pedicel of 20 cultivars were also subjected to extraction of pigments with acidified methanol and identification of anthocyanins using HPLC and PDA. Overall, visual categorization of flowers as red or purple and flower components correlated with the presence (purple) or absence (red) of malvidin 3-glucoside. Purple flowers from red or purple-leaved redbuds had a more diverse anthocyanin profile and were 1.5 to 3 fold higher in total anthocyanin than those from green-leaved redbuds. Red flowers were dominant in peonidin-3,5-diglucoside. These studies demonstrate that multiple flower tissues will yield similar anthocyanin profiles in redbud flowers, and that the genetics affecting leaf color can also influence the amount of pigment in redbud flowers. Additionally, the redbud species and genotypes used in this study appear to exhibit a pattern of flower pigmentation controlled by synthesis of malvidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside.
Speakers Co-authors
GM

Guoying Ma

North Carolina State University
NA
HC

Hsuan Chen

North Carolina State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

OPB - ‘Sunshine’, ‘Lemondrop’, ‘Chico’, and ‘Sundrop’, Four New Ornamental Rhizoma Perennial Peanut Cultivars (Arachis glabrat
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Arachis glabrata is a drought resistant, low maintenance, pest resistant, nitrogen fixer, ornamental ground cover used in tropical and subtropical climates. Although popular in landscapes in the State of Florida for its attractive leaf color, low maintenance needs, orange flowers, and low mowing requirements, there is only one A. glabrata ornamental cultivar available in the market: ‘EcoTurf’. ‘EcoTurf’ is dual purpose cultivar (ornamental/hay) due to its low height (15-20 cm), compared to the many hay cultivars available. The University of Florida/IFAS Ornamental Perennial Peanut Breeding Program has been developing, trialing, and selecting lines with unique or improved ornamental characteristic, all developed by single rhizome descent at the UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center. ‘Sunshine’ is a profuse bloomer with flowers almost double the size than ‘EcoTurf’, bright orange flowers, and waxy leaves. ‘Lemondrop’ is the only A. glabrata cultivar with yellow flowers, compact and dense foliage, and waxy leaves. ‘Chico’ has glaucous, dark-green leaves, and a dense and compact foliage. And ‘Sundrop’ with yellow-orange flowers, a long flowering period, and dark-green, glaucous, dense and compact foliage. All these new cultivars have a lower grower habit (10-15 cm) than the current industry standard ‘EcoTurf’. These new cultivars of Ornamental Rhizoma Perennial Peanut bring a new pallet of leaf types, flower size, flower color, and growth habit to the ornamental market, with great potential to be used in landscapes across the southeastern US.
Speakers
avatar for Leynar Leyton

Leynar Leyton

Assistant Professor, University of Florida
Co-authors
AB

Ann Blount

UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center
NA
BU

Bryan Unruh

UF/IFAS West Florida Research and Education Center
NA
CM

Cheryl Mackowiak

UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center
NA
GK

Gary Knox

UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center
NA
KT

Kelly Thomas

Chicago Botanical Garden
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Biofumigation Blast: Battling Soil-Borne Bacteria Organically
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Soil-borne bacterial pathogens pose a significant threat to organic onion production as there is a lack of effective pathogen control practices for both conventional and organic systems. Burkholderia cepacia (causal agent of sour skin) and B. gladioli pv. alliicola (causal agent of slippery skin) are prevalent throughout the onion growing regions of the U.S., including Georgia. Organic growers rely on cultural practices to combat soil-borne diseases, pests, and weeds. Plants in the Brassica family contain glucosinolates which undergo hydrolysis and produce isothiocyanate volatiles serving as a biofumigant. Biofumigation has shown to be successful at reducing diseases, but efficacy is dependent on pathogen, environmental conditions, cover crop biomass, and soil conditions. The objective of this study aims to determine biofumigation effect on soil-borne bacterial pathogens associated with Burkholderia spp. This study was conducted on organic certified land using B. juncea ‘Pacific Gold’ for mustards and A. cepa ‘Sweet Tule’ for short-day onion crop. Mustards were grown and terminated at flower initiation with biofumigation treatments including mustard incorporated into soil, mustard incorporated into soil and covered with polyethylene mulch, and a no mustard control. To evaluate effectiveness of biofumigation, measurements on weed seed germination and biomass, disease incidence/severity in bulbs, and onion yield were measured. Weed seed germination was evaluated before and after the incorporation of the mustards. Weed biomass was measured at multiple time points throughout the onion growing season. At harvest, onions were graded according to the USDA standards (Colossal, Jumbo, Medium, and Cull). Bulbs were evaluated for the presence of both diseases at harvest. Post-harvest evaluation of bulbs was also conducted. A 50 bulb sub-sample/plot/treatment was placed in storage (-2 °C, 70% RH) for a period of 90 days. After storage, bulbs were sliced, and disease incidence/severity was recorded. At mustard termination, dry biomass among all treatments averaged 4,540.5 lbs/acre. Eleven weeks after mustard incorporation, treatments with plastic mulch following mustard incorporation had significantly less weeds than the control treatments.
Speakers
JP

James Pulliam

University of Georgia
Co-authors
KC

Kate Cassity-Duffey

University of Georgia
TC

Timothy Coolong

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Organic Horticulture 1

1:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Effect of water-soluble organic fertilizer on the growth and development of highwire cucumbers grown in controlled envir
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Organic produce sales have increased over time as many consumers are willing to pay a higher price for organically-grown produce compared to conventionally-grown. Previous research has shown that liquid organic fertilizers outperform substrate-incorporated organic fertilizers in containerized production with soilless substrates. Therefore, developing new production protocols with water soluble organic fertilizers may increase yield and provide easier nutrient management. The objective of the current study was to identify water-soluble organic fertilizer combinations for growth and development of cucumber, Cucumis sativus ‘Picolino F1’, grown in a 40:60 wood fiber : coir substrate for ten weeks. Five fertilizer treatments were: molasses-based Pre-Empt (PE) at either 120 or 170 mg.L-1 nitrogen (N) in combination with 100 mg.L-1 calcium (Ca) from either calcium chloride (CaCl2) or FoxFarm’s Cal-Mag. A synthetic fertilizer treatment (Hydro-Gro Vine; N: 4.40% - P: 13.00% - K: 34.00% and calcium nitrate) was included as a control. The Cal-Mag 170 mg.L-1 N treatment had a similar yield to the control. However, there was no significant difference between all organic treatments for growth parameters measured. Additionally, leaf tissue analyses revealed boron increased by 22% to 37% and manganese by 37% above the sufficiency range for most of the organic fertilizer treatments. Meanwhile, N and potassium (K) concentration dropped below the required range by 45% and 49%, respectively, in all organic treatments. Future experiments will identify sources of supplemental N and K with the goal of supplying sufficient levels of all macro and micronutrients using water soluble organic fertilizers.
Speakers
JM

JOANNA MOINE

The Ohio State University
Co-authors
AT

Anna Testen

USDA-ARS
NA
MK

Matthew Kleinhenz

The Ohio State University
NA
US

Uttara Samarakoon

The Ohio State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-NIFA NCR-SARE

1:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Enhancing Mineralization Pattern of Organic Nutrient Sources Through Natural Amendments
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Organic materials such as meat and bone meal (MBM; rendering product) and treated manure products can be excellent fertilizers due to balanced availability of nutrients. In this study, we investigated the influence of natural amendments (NAs), specifically sulfur and neem oil, on nitrogen (N) mineralization dynamics from MBM and treated manure solids upto 63 days of incubation under controlled environment at 4 different time points (7th, 21st, 35th and 63rd days). Soil incubation experiments revealed distinct mineralization patterns between MBM and treated manure solids. MBM exhibited a faster N mineralization rate compared to treated manure solids. MBM treated with sulfur (25% of N) showed the highest net N mineralization rate (49.83%) as compared to untreated MBM (40.91%) by day 21. However, when MBM was amended with Neem oil (10% of N), the net N mineralization decreased significantly to 36.68% by day 21. There was no statistical difference observed between MBM, MBM with sulfur (25% of N), MBM with neem oil (10% of N) for net N mineralization at day 7. Similarly, treated manure solids with sulfur (25% N) non significantly reduced net N mineralization to 8.86% and 2.13% at 21 day and 7 days respectively. Further, we will be evaluating the effect of these treatments on soil biological health and C, N and P enzymatic activity. This comprehensive evaluation aims to provide insights into optimizing the use of natural amendments for strengthening nutrient management in organic agricultural systems.
Speakers
avatar for Ashok Sah

Ashok Sah

Clemson University
I am a Ph.D. student working on anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) technique, its application for nutrient and weed management in horticultural crops (watermelon).
Co-authors
BJ

Bhupinder Jatana

Clemson University
TG

Tom Grayson Sanders III

Clemson University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA

1:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Role of Chlorella Application on Yield and Phytochemical Composition of Mustard Greens
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Role of Chlorella Application on Yield and Phytochemical Composition of Mustard Greens Sam Pratt1*, Shivani Kathi1, Steve Phillips2, and Justin Moss1 1Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 2Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 *Presenting author- Samatha.pratt@okstate.edu Organic nitrogen fertilizers have lower percentage of nitrogen than their chemical counterparts. Furthermore, nitrogen from organic fertilizers tend to be less readily available. Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) has been used as a biofertilizer in horticultural crop production in controlled environment production systems due to its role in nitrogen fixation. However, research gaps exist in the application of chlorella biofertilizer in open-field production systems. The goal of this research is to assess the impact of microalgae biofertilizers on crop productivity and nutritional quality of mustard green grown in open-field conditions under 100% nitrogen and nitrogen-deficit (50%) conditions. Treatments included chlorella applied through foliar spray, soil application, and a combination of foliar and soil arranged randomized complete block design in four blocks. Data was collected on yield (i.e., marketable and total yield) and nutrient composition of leafy greens (chlorophyll, carotenoids, and mineral nutrients composition). Soil application of chlorella under 100% fertilizer rate was more effective application method for the overall impact on yield. The crops that received lower amount of fertilizer and chlorella treatment had the lowest yield. Future research should focus on addition of Chlorella in different crop production systems with different organic fertilizers for additional nitrogen sources in low chemical input and organic based production systems.
Speakers
SP

Samantha Pratt

Oklahoma State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Organic Horticulture 1

1:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Root to Shoot: Strawberry Cultivar Growth Responses to Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
With the goal of elucidating the influence of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) on organic strawberry production, plant growth responses of strawberry cultivars to ASD treatments under Florida sandy soil conditions were evaluated in this study across two locations. In both locations (Balm and Citra), a split-plot design with four replications was used in the field trial with the ASD treatment as the whole plot factor and the strawberry cultivar as the subplot factor. The three-week ASD treatments consisted of 13.9 m³/ha molasses combined with Everlizer 3-3-3 (a heat-processed poultry manure organic fertilizer) at either 9.5 (ASD1) or 14.25 Mg/ha (ASD2) in comparison with the no ASD control, while the strawberry cultivars included ‘Ember’, ‘Encore’, ‘Florida Brilliance’, ‘Florida Medallion’, ‘Florida Pearl’, and ‘Florida127’. Destructive sampling was conducted at mid-season and final harvest. Significant effects of ASD treatment and strawberry cultivar were observed for most measured traits, with no significant interaction observed. Across locations and plant stages, ASD treatments significantly enhanced shoot fresh weight and dry weight, crown diameter and number, and leaf number relative to the no ASD control. At Balm, ASD2 increased shoot fresh weight and dry weight by 21% and 9%, respectively, compared with the no ASD control at final harvest. Similar trends were observed at Citra, where ASD2 resulted in higher shoot fresh weight and dry weight by 29% and 31%, respectively, in comparison with the control. In contrast to the no ASD control, both ASD treatments led to greater crown diameters and leaf numbers. At Balm, ‘Florida127’ produced the highest shoot biomass and leaf count, while ‘Florida Brilliance’ maintained the largest crown diameter and high shoot biomass across plant stages. At Citra, ‘Encore’ and ‘Florida Brilliance’ exhibited the highest shoot biomass at final harvest. The relationship between plant growth measurements and fruit yield components will be further examined in the follow-up analysis. Collectively, these results provide a physiological basis for selecting strawberry cultivars for organic systems and understanding genotype by soil treatment interactions toward exploring the linkage between soil health, plant health, and crop productivity.
Speakers
BA

Bikash Adhikari

University of Florida
NA
Co-authors
DM

David Moreira

University of Florida
NA
ER

Erin Rosskopf

USDA-ARS U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory
NA
IV

Isaac Vincent

University of Florida
NA
JH

Jason Hong

USDA Agricultural Research Service
NA
JD

Johan Desaeger

University of Florda
NA
NX

Nan Xu

University of Florida
NA
XZ

Xin Zhao

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Organic Horticulture 1
  • Subject Organic
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source This work is supported by the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative program, project award no. 2021-51300-34914, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture
  • Funding Option OREl or ORG funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

1:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - The Performance of Three Cabbage Varieties Grown Organically with Clover Living Mulches and Reduced Tillage Methods
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata) is a cool-season cash crop impacted by changing climates and hot summers. Fall-planted cabbage is a common practice hindered by warm-season weed competition during transplanting. This 2023 and 2024 study at the SDSU Southeast Research Farm, Beresford, SD, USA, investigated the impact of established clover living mulch on growth and yield of three fall cabbage varieties with different maturity periods. The varieties selected were Farao (65 DTM), Famosa (81 DTM), and Deadon (105 DTM). One year prior to cabbage planting, three clover cultivars were established: ‘Domino’ white clover (Trifolium repens), ‘Aberlasting’ white x kura clover (T. repens x ambiguum), and ‘Dynamite’ red clover (Trifolium pratense) which were compared to bare-ground control plots. Within each clover whole plot there were four in-row soil management subplots (till, till landscape fabric, no-till, no-till landscape fabric). Combinations of clover, soil management, and cabbage variety were compared for cabbage health, weed suppression, and marketable yield. Harvested cabbage heads were graded in accordance with the USDA Marketable Standard for cabbage cash crop production. Weed biomass decreased as the season progressed and mid-season drought conditions decreased clover growth. The in-row soil treatments demonstrated significant differences for clover and weed biomass accumulation (p < 0.0001). Regardless of variety, cabbage yield and transplant survival decreased within all no-till treatments; this was often due to very small and soft heads. ‘Fararo’ and ‘Famosa’ varieties matured faster than ‘Deadon’, resulting in the cash crop outcompeting weed and clover competition. Clover treatments had the highest impact on the yield of US Number 1 marketable heads (p = 0.02). Cabbage yield within the US Commercial and Unmarketable categories were not impacted by the clover treatments (p = 0.4 and p = 0.06, respectively). The impact of soil management treatments varied depending on the clover variety and cabbage variety combinations. The findings of this study suggest that clover living mulch systems reduce weed competition, minimizing farmers’ workload throughout the season. Within the planting beds, utilization of landscape fabric within no-till treatments is recommended to guard against yield loss. Use of tillage produced marketable crops for all cabbage varieties, yet yield depended on the clover and cabbage variety combination. Organic farmers who grow cabbage within a living mulch system could utilize the living mulch as a benefit for weed suppression in pathways but need supplementary strategies to optimize yield production within the crop row.
Speakers
KH

Kristina Harms

South Dakota State University
Co-authors
JF

Joslyn Fousert

South Dakota State University
NA
KL

Kristine Lang

South Dakota State University
TN

Thandiwe Nleya

South Dakota State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Organic Horticulture 1

1:00pm CDT

ORGH 2 - Using No-till Summer Cover Crops for Transitioning Organic Broccoli Production.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
As the demand for organic products increases so does the need of organically managed land. In the southeast, where affordable and arable land has become scarcer and more expensive, organic farmers can choose to transition derelict farmland and old pastureland systems to expand current or begin new operations. However, this marginal land is commonly in need of fertility inputs and dominated by perennial weed species. The transition process can prove to be very time and effort consuming. Through the use of no-till drill seeded cover crops, poultry litter applications, and organic fertilizer applications farmers could reduce the thresholds for transitions while potentially reducing weeds, adding instant fertility, and helping build soils for quick turnaround of vegetable cash-crops. Therefore, the objective of this field study was to determine the effects of no-till drill seeded summer cover crops (Sorghum-Sudangrass and Vigna unguiculata) and tarping, with and without the addition of poultry litter, on subsequent fall broccoli production in Georgia. This was a two-year field study on broccoli with the first implementation taking place in the fall of 2023 and the second in the fall of 2024. No-till drilled cover crops and tarps were applied/planted in early May both years with and without the application of poultry litter in a randomized complete split block design. Cover crops were then flail mowed and incorporated in early August both years. Plots were rototilled the first week of September and Brassica oleracea var. italica cv. Belstar was planted with 0.45-m in row spacing in two rows on 0.18-m beds. Broccoli was harvested, counted, and separated into marketable yield or unmarketable yield. Soil cores were taken throughout both the cover crop and cash crop season with measurements of soil nutrients, inorganic nitrogen, and nitrogen mineralization potential being outlined. In 2023 and in 2024 plots that received the combined treatments of silage tarps, poultry litter, and organic fertilizer had the highest marketable yield average of 10013 kg/ha and 8623kg/ha. In 2023 the plots that received the treatments of sudex, no poultry litter, and no fertilizer preformed the poorest in terms of marketable yield, garnishing an average of 2429 kg/ha; while in 2024 the plots that received a silage tarp, no poultry litter, and no fertilizer preformed the poorest with an average marketable yield of 5614 kg/ha.
Speakers
ZH

Zachary Hirsch-Santagata

University of Georgia
Graduate student in the Horticulutre Dept. at the University of Georgia working in organic vegetable production
Co-authors
CS

Charles Smith

University of Georgia
NA
JP

Johnathan Pulliam

University of Georgia
KC

Kate Cassity-Duffey

University of Georgia
NB

Nick Basinger

University of Georgia
NA
TC

Timothy Coolong

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Organic Horticulture 1

1:00pm CDT

PBIG - Developing Efficient Biotechnological Approaches for Sweetpotato Virus Detection and Removal.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
As a member of Convolvulaceae family, sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important crop for food security. As one of the top three vegetable crops grown in Mississippi, one major limitation to sweetpotato production is the cumulative effect of virus infection leading to cultivar decline and yield losses. To produce virus-tested sweetpotato seedlings, we developed meristem-tip culture technology combined with heat treatment to provide farmers with healthy propagating materials that are free of detectable viruses. In this study, totally 30 lines of sweetpotato have been collected in Mississippi and beyond. The plants were first examined with the infection of five of the most prevalent viruses by using nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) techniques, which showed high sensitivity and confirmation at the genomic level of viral species and strains. Primers targeting to conserved regions of the know sweetpotato viruses were used for this nucleic acid based detection. The effective protocols for sweetpotato viral detection and viral removal were well developed in this study. The optimized protocols have been used for the purpose of viral detection and eradicating from elite sweetpotato lines in Mississippi. Virus-free planting material has been propagated in Agriculture Research Station of Alcorn State University for performance evaluation.
Speakers
YM

Yan Meng

Alcorn State University
Co-authors
CZ

Chunquan Zhang

Alcorn State University
NA
SB

Sandra Barnes

Alcorn State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Biotechnology

1:00pm CDT

PBIG - Development of an inoculation system for powdery mildew of Hydrangea macrophylla
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Bigleaf hydrangea, Hydrangea macrophylla, is a popular ornamental shrub beloved worldwide for its large colorful inflorescences. As of 2019, bigleaf hydrangea topped $155 million in total sales in the United States. However, diseases impact the health, appearance and ultimately the salability of bigleaf hydrangea. One such disease is powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Golovinomyces orontii. Powdery mildew is a biotrophic obligate, which means that it will only grow on a living host, making it particularly hard to investigate. Inoculating plants via tapping infected leaves against clean leaves is the most common inoculation method; however, this method results in an unknown amount of inoculum and inconsistent infection. Quantifiable and consistent methods are needed to accurately and reproducibly study powdery mildew disease of bigleaf hydrangea. The purpose of this experiment was to compare two inoculation methods, an inoculation box and spray inoculation method, for inducing powdery mildew disease in bigleaf hydrangea. For the box inoculation, 6 infected leaves per plant were tapped above a 48-micron mesh and gently dusted through to land on the plant surface. A still air chamber was designed to be set over the box so that powdery mildew does not get disturbed by air currents. For the spray inoculation, 6 infected leaves per plant were combined into a spray by rinsing the leaves with deionized water, adding Tween 20 to aid with even dispersion and applied to the plant using a spray bottle. Powdery mildew was then evaluated on a scale of 0-100% and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. The final disease severity of hydrangea inoculated via the box and spray method after 4 weeks of observation were 10.0 and 20.0%, respectively. These results will provide valuable information on more consistent inoculation methods using powdery mildew.
Speakers
CJ

Christina Jennings

Tennessee State University
NA
Co-authors
FB

Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Tennessee State University
NA
LA

Lisa Alexander

USDA-ARS U.S. National Arboretum
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

PBIG - Genome editing for enhancing blueberry fruit quality
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is one of the most economically important woody plant species because its fruit is rich in antioxidants such as anthocyanin, which offer beneficial effects on human health. Thus, the demand for blueberry production and for the development of novel elite cultivars has been continuously increasing. Although new blueberry cultivars have been developed by cross breeding for more than a century, the conventional breeding approaches are time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the associated characteristics that hinder efficient breeding such as long juvenile phase, polyploidy, and heterozygosity. Genetic engineering offers a promising approach to confer a desirable trait to elite cultivars. In particular, the recently developed genome editing technology enables precise modifications of plant genomes. We aim to apply genome editing to improve agronomically important traits in blueberry, specifically anthocyanin and sugar content. Towards the development of high anthocyanin blueberry, we targeted an anthocyanin repressor gene, VcMYBC2. So far, we successfully obtained 3 lines with all-alleles of VcMYBC2 were mutated. An increase in anthocyanin content in fruit is expected in the mybc2 mutants. Regarding sugar content, we targeted invertase inhibitor (INVINH) gene that is involved in sugar metabolism. Invertase promotes sucrose unloading in the fruit by maintaining a gradient of sucrose concentration between source leaves and fruits, while INVINH represses this process. Thus, higher sugar accumulation is expected in invinh mutants. Three transgenic lines harboring CRISPR-Cas9 vectors targeting VcINVINH genes that are highly expressed in fruit tissue, were obtained. The mutated allele frequencies of the mutants ranged from 21-67%. Additionally, we generated transgenic blueberries overexpressing FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a mobile florigen signal gene that induces flowering. A previous study demonstrated that blueberry scions grafted to FT-overexpressing lines could show early flowering. We thus assume that the mybc2 and invinh mutants may flower earlier when they are grafted onto the FT overexpressing rootstock, which will accelerate our fruit phenotype evaluations. The FT-overexpressing rootstock may also be utilized to facilitate the production of null-segregant mutants.
Speakers
MO

Masafumi Omori

Kyoto University
Co-authors
HY

Hisayo Yamane

Kyoto University
NA
RT

Ryutaro Tao

Kyoto University
NA
SF

Shuma Fujiyama

Kyoto University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

PBIG - Genome-wide Mining and Characterization of the SULTR Gene Family in Tomato (S. lycopersicum)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Sulfur (S) is an essential nutrient present in nearly all proteins as well as numerous secondary metabolites and critical biochemical intermediates. Research across many crop species has demonstrated that post-stress S fertilization can improve plant recovery from various abiotic and biotic stresses. Furthermore, reported findings from these studies suggest that, in the absence of stress, enhanced S fertilization improves the expression of enzymes and metabolites with known stress-defense functions. As part of a new project seeking to test the impact of pre-stress tomato S status on heat stress resilience, we conducted a genome-wide mining and characterization study of the tomato sulfate transporter (SULTR) gene family. Following the typical steps in similar genome mining studies, we identified 14 putative SlSULTR genes through a BLASTp search of known A. thaliana SULTR proteins in the Phytozome database. Then, phylogenetic relationships between the putative SlSULTR genes were characterized using a neighbor-joining tree method after aligning the sequences with the MUSCLE algorithm in MEGA v12. The putative genes were also characterized for their exon-intron structure and intron cycle, which were retrieved from Phytozome and the GSDS server, respectively. Characterization of the putative SlSULTR proteins included transmembrane topology prediction using the SCAMPI2 server and motif analysis using MEME Suite v5.5.7. De novo motif discovery using the MEME algorithm produced 10 amino acid motifs with E-values under 1E-164. These de novo motifs were scanned against Ensembl’s A. thaliana protein database using the MAST algorithm which returned 27 A. thaliana transcripts, each from an AtSULTR gene and with highly significant motif similarities. To characterize the regulation of the putative SlSULTR genes, we searched for SlSULTR-targeted miRNAs in the psRNATarget database as well as identified cis-regulatory motifs in the 1000 bp upstream region of each genomic sequence through the PlantCARE server. Predicted miRNA were from various miRNA families known for their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and their regulation of nutrient uptake and distribution, plant development, disease resistance, and signal transduction. Lastly, the identified cis-regulatory motifs were largely associated with plant light response but also included motifs associated with general stress and hormone signal response. This work represents the first genomic mining study of tomato SULTR genes. Our phylogenetic and amino acid motif results provide strong evidence that the selected sequences operate as SULTR genes in tomatoes, and the identified miRNA targets and cis-regulatory sequences reflect established research demonstrating the role of S in plant stress response.
Speakers Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Biotechnology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Specialty Crop Multi-State Program

1:00pm CDT

PBIG - Investigation of genotype-dependent in vitro shoot regeneration in highbush blueberry
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is widely used in plant genetic engineering. This method involves both Agrobacterium infection and plant regeneration. In this context, establishing an efficient plant regeneration system is a critical prerequisite for genetic engineering in plants. This study aims to identify highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars suitable for genetic transformation. Furthermore, we seek to elucidate the molecular and genetic factors that determine genotype-dependent shoot regeneration capacity by utilizing the diverse genetic background in highbush blueberries. Additionally, this study explores cultivar-specific differences in Agrobacterium susceptibility, which remain unexplored in highbush blueberries. Regeneration from leaf explants of 15 highbush blueberry cultivars was investigated on media containing 1.0 mg/L TDZ or 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L NAA. There was considerable variation in callus formation and regeneration rates, the number of regenerated shoots, the time required for regeneration, indicating that regeneration in highbush blueberry is highly genotype-dependent. The regeneration rate was high (>75%) in ‘Blue Muffin’, ‘Legacy’, ‘Gulfcoast’ and ‘Georgiagem’. However, ‘Georgiagem’ required three additional weeks for shoot regeneration from the time of meristem formation compared to the other three high regeneration cultivars. All four northern highbush cultivars exhibited low regeneration rates (
Speakers
AT

Arisa Tsuyama

Kyoto university
Co-authors
MO

Masafumi Omori

Kyoto University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

PBIG - The genome-wide identification and expression analysis of protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea b
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Protein phosphatases, particularly PP2C families, are vital regulators of cellular activity through the removal of phosphate groups from proteins. Numerous biological processes, such as hormone signaling, reactions to heat and drought stress, and abiotic stress tolerance, are impacted by this dephosphorylation process. This study presents comprehensive genomic analysis, evolutionary assessment and transcript profiling of the PP2C gene family in sweet potato, a crop of major agricultural and nutritional importance. A total of 74 PP2C genes have been identified in sweet potato. Among them, 7 gene pairs were identified as segmental duplication while 5 pairs as tandem duplications. Phylogenetic analysis grouped them into distinct clusters, indicating potential functional divergence. Gene structure analysis provided insights into the arrangement of coding and non-coding regions. Motif and domain analysis highlighted conserved protein sequences aiding functional predictions. Synteny analysis compared genomic regions across species identifying homologous genes and tracing genome evolution. The study of cis-regulatory elements in promoters helped map gene regulations. Gene expression analysis is currently being conducted to determine the transcript levels of PP2C during salinity and drought stress. The results provide a basis for additional validation of the roles of the PP2C gene in sweet potatoes and advance our knowledge of the evolutionary background and functional significance of PP2C in biotic and abiotic stress response.
Speakers
MA

Muhammad Azad

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
Co-authors
AG

Ajit Ghosh

Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
NA
MA

Md. Afser Rabbi

Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
NA
SI

Shahidul Islam

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plant Biotechnology

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Alternative Oxidase Interacts with SNF1 Kinase to Modulate Energy Metabolism During Pear Fruit Ripening
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Alternative Oxidase Interacts with SNF1 Kinase to Modulate Energy Metabolism During Pear Fruit Ripening Adwaita Prasad Parida and Amit Dhingra1 Correspondence: Amit Dhingra, Professor, Department of horticultural sciences, A
Speakers Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Startup Funding to the Dhingra Genomics and Biotechnology Lab

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Effect of Atmospheric Modification on the Postharvest Shelf-Life of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), a North American tree fruit, belongs to the Annonaceae family and is the only temperate member of this family. Pawpaw is emerging as an alternative high-value niche crop for small farms in Kentucky and surrounding states; however, due to its highly perishable nature, the marketing window for fresh fruit is currently limited. Pawpaw fruit can only be stored for 3-5 days at room temperature or for about 1 month under cold storage at 4 °C. The objective of this study was to examine the efficiency of modified atmosphere with plastic packaging in cold storage to increase the shelf-life of pawpaw fruit and its impact on the quality attributes of fruit. This experiment was conducted with fruit from the pawpaw cultivar Sunflower. Fruits were harvested and stored in three treatments of modified atmosphere in 2.5-gallon plastic container bags, with the treatments of 1) plastic bag with ambient air (Control), 2) plastic bag with an additional ethylene absorber, and 3) plastic bag with modified atmosphere of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide gas mix (12% O2 and 10% CO2 and balance nitrogen). There were three replicate bags per treatment with each bag containing three fruits. Fruits were stored at 6 °C. Data on gas composition in bags and quality parameters of fruit such as firmness, brix, color (L*, a*, b*), and weight were taken on 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 days of storage. The ethylene absorber and gas mix treatments maintained lower ethylene concentrations inside the bags as compared to the control. The gas mix treatment resulted in reduced fruit weight loss and maintained the lightness of fruit pulp significantly. However, firmness in all fruits significantly declined after 20 days of storage in all treatments. These data suggest that the ethylene absorber and gas mix treatments during cold storage have at least some potential for extending shelf-life of pawpaw, with additional modifications or harvest times.
Speakers
KS

Kshitij Shahi

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
BA

Brent Arnoldussen

University of Kentucky
NA
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Kentucky State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source USDA Evans Allen Grant Number KYX--10-17- 63P

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Investigations of apple lenticel breakdown and other superficial disorders
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Several apple cultivars are susceptible to lenticel breakdown including but not limited to ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Gala’, and ‘SweeTango’. ‘Honeycrisp’ in particular has received considerable scrutiny by apple growers and packers due to its low percentage of packable fruit. ‘Honeycrisp’ in Michigan are put into storage with little to no disorders and, in 3-5 months, are pulled out of storage achieving less than 50% pack-outs of quality fruit in severe cases. These low pack-outs are a result of internal disorders, a physiological disorder ‘bitter pit’, lenticel breakdown, advanced decay, and some unknown light brown spotting that can be similar or smaller in size than lenticels. Investigations into the mechanisms behind these various ‘spots’ and discriminating between them is an essential first step in understanding the disorders and the discovery of solutions for growers and storage operators. In this study, three preliminary assessments were made to resolve the ambiguity behind lenticel breakdown and associated ‘spots’: 1) apple lenticels were imaged by light and scanning electron microscopy and characterized, 2) ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘SweeTango’ apples were wrapped in paper and mesh bags on the tree as a field chemical spray exclusion assessment, and 3) a preliminary look at the microbiome of healthy and unhealthy lenticels. The latter effort revealed that ‘Alternaria’ species dominate the fungal community of unhealthy lenticels.
Speakers
AE

Alexander Engelsma

Michigan State University
Co-authors
EL

Emily Lavely

Michigan State University Extension
NA
NR

Nikki Rothwell

Michigan State University Extension
NA
NS

Nobuko Sugimoto

Michigan State University
OH

Ozge Horzum

Michigan State University
NA
RB

Randolph Beaudry

Michigan State University
Dr. Randolph Beaudry, Professor, MSU Department of Horticulture (MSc, PhD, University of Georgia). His appointment is 50% MSU Extension and 50% AgBioResearch. His research program includes both regional and international projects and focuses on the physiology of plant responses to... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source Michigan Apple Committee and Project GREEEN

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Physiological And Metabolic Responses Of Maturity Levels And Postharvest Treatments In Cold-stored Interspecific ‘Greens
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The interspecific pear cultivar ‘Greensis’ has become a highly demanded pear cultivar due to its unique flavor of sweetness, crispness and juiciness. This study evaluated the postharvest storage quality of ‘Greensis’ pear at two maturity levels, treated with the 1 µL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), pre-storage conditioning (PSC), and the combination treatment of 1-MCP and PSC before long term cold storage at 0.5 °C for 6 months. Both the incidence and severity of physiological disorders, such as cortex and core browning, were significantly reduced in PSC treatments, meanwhile, the severity levels of cavity were notably lower in treated fruit compared to untreated (control) fruit. Among the targeted metabolites, soluble carbohydrates and organic acids particularly, sucrose and shikimic acid were lower in mature fruit than immature fruit. Moreover, the contents of glucose, fructose, malic acid and shikimic acids were higher in PSC treated fruit than the other treatments especially in mature fruit. The branched-chain amino acids, including isoleucine and leucine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine, in all treatments were lower in immature fruit, meanwhile, methionine was higher in mature fruit. Additionally, in immature fruit, the contents of asparagine, serine, threonine and proline in the combination treatment of 1-MCP and PSC were higher than the other treatments. In addition, the phenolic contents of all treated fruit were higher in immature than mature fruit especially in chlorogenic acid, arbutin, caffeic, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid after long term cold storage. Overall, these results suggested that the higher accumulation of phenolic compounds and specific amino acid contents in immature fruit play as a defense mechanism and enhances cold stress tolerance during long-term cold storage. Furthermore, PSC treatments effectively maintain the postharvest fruit quality by reducing the physiological disorders in cold stored ‘Greensis’ pear.
Speakers
TL

Theintthandar Latt

Chung Ang University
PhD candidate at Postharvest Physiology Laboratory, Chung-Ang University.
Co-authors
HP

Hyowon Park

Chung-Ang University
JL

Jinhee Lee

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
JL

Jinwook Lee

Chung Ang University
NA
JP

Jiwon Park

Chung Ang University
NA
JJ

Joohyuk Jo

Chung Ang University
NA
SB

Si-Eun Byeon

Chung-Ang University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Postharvest Handling and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Three Blackberry Cultivars Under Controlled Storage Conditions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Blackberry berries are highly perishable fruits, requiring effective postharvest management to maintain quality during storage. This study investigates the shelf-life and postharvest physiology of three blackberry cultivars ‘Ponca’, ‘Freedom’, and ‘Osage’—stored at 0°C for 0 to 7 days and 5°C for 8 to 16 days. Key parameters measured include red drupelet reversion, leakiness, weight loss, acidity (citric, malic, tartaric acid), pH, Brix content, anthocyanin, and antioxidant content. Fresh blackberry fruits of three different cultivars were collected from a commercial garden and stored in 6 oz clamshell boxes under controlled conditions. Physiological parameters such as weight loss, red drupelet reversion, and leakiness were evaluated at 0, 7, 12, and 16 days of storage. For chemical analysis, an additional 6 oz clamshell box for every sample was stored at -40°C at 0, 7, 12, and 16 days to assess acidity, Brix content, anthocyanin, and antioxidant. Results indicate significant varietal differences in postharvest stability. ‘Freedom’ exhibited the highest red drupelet reversion and leakiness, with a steady decline in acidity over time, suggesting rapid deterioration. ‘Osage’ maintained the most stable postharvest quality, showing the lowest red drupelet reversion and highest acidity, which may contribute to improved storage potential. ‘Ponca’ demonstrated moderate stability but exhibited a sharp increase in leakiness and red drupelet reversion at later stages, indicating postharvest instability. Weight loss data revealed that ‘Freedom’ experienced the highest weight reduction, while ‘Ponca’ and ‘Osage’ exhibited greater stability over the storage period. Acidity levels varied significantly among cultivars, with ‘Osage’ retaining the greatest citric, malic, and tartaric acid concentrations, potentially enhancing shelf stability. ‘Freedom’ exhibited the lowest acidity, affecting taste and preservation. pH trends revealed that ‘Freedom’ lost acidity fastest, while ‘Ponca’ maintained stable acidity, making it more suitable for extended storage. These findings highlight the need for cultivar-specific postharvest strategies. While ‘Osage’ appears to have better natural postharvest qualities, ‘Ponca’ and ‘Freedom’ may require optimized storage conditions to minimize quality loss. This study provides valuable insights for improving blackberry storage, reducing postharvest losses, and extending marketability.
Speakers
NS

Nurjahan Sriti

University of Florida
Co-authors
GL

Guodong Liu

University of Florida
JW

Jeffrey Williamson

University of Florida
SS

Steven Sargent

University of Florida/IFAS
Professor and Extension Postharvest Specialist
ZD

Zhanao Deng

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Preharvest Ethylene Regulators and their Impact on Postharvest Fruit Quality of ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples Grown in the Mid-Atl
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Reduced fruit quality throughout cold storage is a major stakeholder-identified factor limiting production and marketability of the profitable apple ‘Honeycrisp’ in the Mid-Atlantic. ‘Honeycrisp’ is known to be a chilling sensitive cultivar when cooled immediately after harvest, therefore fruits are submitted to a postharvest conditioning treatment (10ºC for 7 days) prior to cold storage (3ºC). However, conditioning exacerbates the expression of bitter pit, rendering the fruit unmarketable. Moreover, maturity at harvest is a critical factor affecting apple fruit quality as well as susceptibility to chilling stress. Ethylene, the primary hormone related to hastening fruit maturity, can be regulated via the use of preharvest ethylene regulators. We aimed to characterize and compare the effects of different preharvest ethylene regulators on ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit maturity, quality and chilling sensitivity during postharvest. Three preharvest ethylene regulators with different modes of action were applied based on manufacturer’s recommendations, including 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, Harvista), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, Retain), Ethephon (Ethrel) and a control. Fruits were harvested at two maturity stages: at the anticipated commercial harvest (CH) and one week after CH (CH 1). After harvest, in each case, fruit were submitted to conditioning (10ºC for 7 days) and then stored at 3ºC. Fruit from all 8 treatments were evaluated at harvest, and after 8, 16 and 24 weeks of storage at 3ºC, followed by a shelf-life period (7 days at 20ºC). Our results show that preharvest ethylene regulator treatments impacted fruit maturity and quality of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples during storage. Ethylene production was reduced in 1-MCP and AVG treated fruit, with the latter showing the lowest values throughout storage during both harvest dates. Concurrently, 1-MCP and AVG treated fruits displayed a higher flesh firmness as well as a greener background color (as indicated by higher IAD values) compared to Ethephon- treated and control fruit. Skin blush was negatively affected by 1-MCP and AVG applications, which were maintained throughout postharvest, with AVG-treated fruit exhibiting the significantly lower values. Effects on starch pattern indices and soluble solids contents were inconsistent. Chilling sensitivity, through the presence of soft scald, was not observed, but 1-MCP treated fruit presented the highest bitter pit incidence, followed by AVG-treated fruit, while Ethephon and control fruit displayed the lowest. This study contributes to understand how preharvest ethylene modulation influences ‘Honeycrisp’ apple maturity and quality throughout storage.
Speakers
MS

Md Shipon Miah

University of Maryland - College Park
Co-authors
MF

Macarena Farcuh

University of Maryland
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source USDA NIFA AFRI GRANT13712074

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Red Drupelet Reversion and Consumer Preference of Four Blackberry Cultivars Grown in Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Blackberry (Rubus spp.) production in Georgia is valued at $19.9 million annually with approximately 1,900 planted acres, mostly concentrated in the southern part of the state. Blackberries have been increasingly planted in Georgia as a dynamic alternative crop that can diversify and support blueberry growers’ income. The harvest season is short, starting in mid-May and ending mid-July. The planted genotypes are mainly from other Southeastern breeding programs often with little to no testing on their suitability for the local growing conditions. Four University of Arkansas-bred cultivars – ‘Caddo,’ ‘Osage,’ ‘Ouachita,’ and ‘Ponca,’ were selected with a goal to identify the most appropriate cultivar for production in Georgia climatic conditions. Blackberries were hand-harvested, field-packed, placed in cold storage for up to 21 days, and evaluated over a two-year harvest period from a commercial field in Holt, GA (31.5957˚N, 83.1507˚W). Red Drupelet Reversion (RDR) is a major postharvest disorder where fully ripe, black drupelets revert to red color after harvest. Assessments for RDR incidence were conducted immediately after harvest and every seven days, along with measurements of berry physicochemical traits. Consumers' taste panels were conducted a day after harvest. A high incidence of RDR was quantified at harvest and after storage for ‘Ouachita,’ followed by ‘Ponca,’ ‘Caddo’ and ‘Osage.’ In addition, the panelists favored ‘Caddo’ blackberries, while ‘Ouachita’ was the least preferred cultivar. Appropriate preharvest and postharvest practices, in combination with timely, gentle harvests should be employed to decrease RDR incidence and maintain fruit quality.
Speakers
VF

Vinicius Fernandes Araujo

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AD

Angelos Deltsidis

University of Georgia
RC

Ramsey Corn

University of Georgia
ZR

Zilfina Rubio

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - Sweetpotato Peel Nanoparticle Coatings Reduce Postharvest Deterioration
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Edible nanoparticle coating materials were developed from sweetpotato peel tissue combined with sodium alginate and tested for their efficacy in reducing sweetpotato and potato postharvest deterioration. The bio-based nanoparticle coatings applied as thin films to the surface of sweetpotato roots and potato tubers reduced postharvest weight loss and respiration rate. The sweetpotato peel-based nanoparticle coating formulations included 1% and 2% sodium alginate. To enhance the structural integrity of the coatings, they were cross-linked by immersion in a 1% calcium chloride solution. The crosslinked formulations significantly outperformed non-crosslinked coatings and uncoated samples by minimizing weight loss (to below 2.0%–4.0% versus 3.5%–6.5% in controls) and decreasing respiration rates (to 5-13 mL CO₂/kg·h versus 7-20 mL CO₂/kg·h in controls) over extended storage periods. The enhanced performance is attributed to the formation of a dense, mechanically robust coating matrix. Sweetpotato peel tissue nanoparticles combined with sodium alginate and crosslinked with calcium chloride offer promise as sustainable coating materials for reducing fresh produce postharvest deterioration
Speakers
RA

Ragab Abouzeid

Louisiana State University
Co-authors
DP

David Picha

Louisiana State University
QW

Qinglin Wu

Louisiana State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

PH 1 - The Difficulty of Degreening Florida Grapefruit with the “Greasy Green” Disorder
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Fresh grapefruit consumers are trained to expect vivid yellow-orange peel color, depending on the variety, even though peel color has little to do with internal maturity or quality. The greasy spot rind blotch disease has been in Florida for many years, ascribed to a fungal pathogen called Zasmidium citri-griseum (previously named Mycosphaerella citri). Besides causing defoliation, it also mars the peel with tiny black specks that cause the rind to remain green, even after degreening. The spots can coalesce into black patches in extreme cases, sometimes called “pink pitting” or greasy spot rind blotch. Growers had this disease under good management, but within the past five years, fruit with similar symptoms started appearing as early as November, when nighttime temperatures are low, and peel color should improve instead of regreening. The symptoms are like greasy spot rind blotch, but there are few to no symptoms on the leaves of the same trees. Thus, the industry generally refers to the disorder as “greasy green” until a more definitive identification of the causal agent and disease development is determined. In a 2021 grower survey, 89% of respondents experienced the disorder to some extent, with packers reporting losses ranging between $20,000 and $1.7 million. There was no consensus among growers and packers regarding the cause of greasy green or the factors contributing to the problem. While studies are underway to determine if the disorder is indeed related to greasy spot rind blotch, studies were initiated to determine if affected fruit could be degreened effectively, as many packers often ended up abandoning degreening attempts on affected fruit and not using them for the fresh market. Our tests found that even after degreening (5 ppm ethylene at 27oC) red and white grapefruit for up to 5 days, their peel color still was not acceptable (
Speakers
MR

Mark Ritenour

University of Florida - Indian River REC
NA
Co-authors
CH

Cuifeng Hu

University of Florida
NA
EM

Eva Mulandesa

University of Florida
NA
LC

Liliana Cano

University of Florida
NA
MD

Megan Dewdney

University of Florida
NA
MM

Monty Myers

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Postharvest 1
  • Subject Postharvest
  • Funding Source Citrus Research and Development Foundation, Inc.

1:00pm CDT

PLAST - Evaluation of Mulch Types on Soil Microclimate and Health for Tomato and Lettuce Production in the Central United States
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Maintaining soil health for open field and high tunnel (HT) production of vegetables has become prioritized by growers in recent years. In particular, there have been growing concerns about the sustainability of HT systems. Their hot and dry conditions, compounded by intensive practices, lead to challenges with soil temperature and moisture management, compaction, salinity, and ecosystem health. This report investigates how established and novel mulch types can help growers manage soil temperature, moisture, and health conditions across growing systems and climatic conditions. Tomato and lettuce trials were conducted from 2022 to 2024 in HTs and open-field plots to determine the effect of various mulch treatments (bareground, black plastic film, black woven fabric, paper mulch, white silage tarp and black silage tarp) on soil temperature, moisture, and health. Gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture content were determined weekly and bi-weekly in the lettuce and tomato trials, respectively. Soil temperatures were recorded at 10.2 cm depth throughout the growing seasons for both crops. EC, bulk density, and respiration data were collected at termination of all trials to assess soil health. In tomato, the application of black plastic mulch, fabric mulch, and black silage tarp was associated with higher average soil temperatures (23.7°C-28.9°C), compared to (22.4°C-26.8°C) under white tarp and paper mulch. In the lettuce trials, all mulch types retained soil heat in the early season (0.7°C-2.2°C) compared to bareground. The use of silage tarp maintained up to 21% more soil moisture than the bareground treatment for tomato and all mulches were effective at managing moisture loss. Limited effects on soil health criteria were observed, though higher measurements of bulk density and EC may be associated with increases in soil moisture. Results indicdate that mulch color and material affect soil temperatures and soil moisture in the summer, whereas in fall all mulches may reduce heat loss in the early period of the growing season and soil moisture (5-7%) in the late season. As growers address soil health concerns, an integrated approach will need to be adopted that utilizes multiple practices. This study shows that mulch color and type/material can be selected to alter the microclimate of the soil environment across production systems. More research is needed to determine how these impacts affect long-term soil health. The development of regional growing practices that ensure soil health will be instrumental to support a growing population and using mulches for vegetable production can help achieve this goal.
Speakers
CB

Claire Barnhart

Kansas State University
Co-authors
CR

Cary Rivard

Kansas State University
EP

Eleni Pliakoni

Kansas State University
PT

Peter Tomlinson

Kansas State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plasticulture
  • Subject Plasticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source K-State Research and Extension Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Alternative Crops 2023 and Kansas State University GRIP Project

1:00pm CDT

PLAST - Evaluation of Soil Biodegradable Mulches used in Plasticulture System Under Different Climatic Regions of North Carolina
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Evaluation of Soil Biodegradable Mulches used in Plasticulture System Under Different Climatic Regions of North Carolina With Tomato as A Model Crop E. Atley, G. Yang, and T. McGee, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A
Speakers
EA

Elijah Atley

North Carolina A
NA
Co-authors
GY

Guochen Yang

North Carolina A
TM

Trequan McGee

North Carolina A
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plasticulture
  • Subject Plasticulture
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-NIFA-CBGP-011395

1:00pm CDT

PLAST - Microplastics In Agriculture, A Silent Threat To Ecosystem: Why Biodegradable Pots Are The Future Of Agriculture?
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
The widespread use of plastics in agriculture (plasticulture), including greenhouse films, plastic mulches, plastic pots, seedling trays, pesticide containers and drip irrigation systems, although contributing to short-term productivity, has long-term detrimental consequences for the ecosystem and human health. The accumulation of plastics in soil, chemical leaching from plastics and their degradation into microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) is one of the most serious environmental challenges, affecting soil fertility, plant health, and the human food chain. Micro- and nanoplastics and the additives used to enhance the performance and appearance of these plastics can potentially damage tissues and cellular systems by activating various chains of tissue function. Thus, various types of micro- and nanoplastics lead to inflammation, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity in cells and tissues. Reproduction is particularly affected by these pollutants, as many of these pollutants can cause endocrine disruption. Efforts to mitigate the negative impacts of plastics include recycling plastic waste, developing biodegradable alternatives, and improving waste management practices. In this regard, Behzist Danesh Narvan Company has used modern technology to produce biodegradable pots (Lignum Vitae) made from completely natural materials such as plant fibers and bio-based adhesive. These flower pots have many advantages as being breathable, 100% biodegradable and ecofriendly, rapid decomposition, having high percentage of organic matter, compatibility with different climates and reducing plastic pollution. These pots can act as a natural fertilizer and enhances plant growth after decomposition.
Speakers
HH

hanieh Hadizadeh

Behzist danesh Narvan Co
I held a Ph.D. in Physiology and Breeding of Ornamental Plants, followed by three years of postdoctoral research at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. I also passed one year internship at the University of Georgia, USA. My abstract entitled “Genetic Diversity of a Germplasm Collection... Read More →
Co-authors
NM

Nezhat Mousavi Far

Armaghan surgery center
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 1:45pm CDT
Empire AB
  Poster, Plasticulture

1:00pm CDT

Insider Tips to Get a Faculty Position in Academia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
This session and panel discussion will help you to ace your academic interview, covering the application process, preparation tips, and online and face-to-face interviews.  
Presiding/Moderator
RS

Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi

University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Hort Theater

1:00pm CDT

Technology in Horticulture Collaboration Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
A forum for discussion of potential collaborations with regards to technology in horticulture – i.e. biotechnology, UAVs, cameras, sensors, artificial intelligence, etc.

The Technology Applications in Horticulture Interest Group will meet at this session.
Presiding/Moderator
ZH

Zack Hayden

2015-16 Energy, Environment, & Agriculture Fellow, Science & Technology Policy Fellowships
Zack Hayden is an agricultural systems scientist with a background in soil health and efficient nutrient use for sustainable vegetable production.  At Michigan State University, his doctoral and postdoctoral research and outreach programs included investigations of precision management... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Collaboration Center, Empire AB

1:00pm CDT

Invasive Plants Research Interest Group Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Open to all attendees.

Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 3

1:00pm CDT

Public Horticulture Interest Group Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Open to all


Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 14

1:00pm CDT

USDA-SCRI-CAPS Tomato Project Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 3:00pm CDT
This important session is part of the USDA-SCRI-CAPS project, "Climate Resilient High-Quality Tomato Varieties for Sustainable Production," and will serve as a key component of our collaborative efforts. While many of the attendees are part of ASHS, we anticipate that several non-ASHS members will also join us, making this a valuable opportunity for broader engagement.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:00pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 4

1:15pm CDT

UG 1 - Accelerated Composting Of Spent Coffee Grounds For Horticultural Soil Amendments
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:15pm - 1:30pm CDT
Coffee grounds are generated by home residents daily. The objective of this study is to use an accelerated home food scrap composter to encourage residents to reduce waste volume and weight and provide garden compost to produce garden produce and flowers. Two accelerated composters (Lomi and Vego) were evaluated both for their compost soil health, physical and chemical properties after processing the spent coffee grounds. Lomi processed food for 24h only and the Vego composter for 1, 5, and 10 days. Compost volume and weight increased as days of composting increased. Compost health, nutrients, pH, C/N Ratio were suitable for a horticultural growing amendment. Physical components were within normal parameters for a soil substrate. Finer particles were increased with greater days of composting as expected. Plant growth differences were measured. Compost incorporated at 10 % v/v increased petunia biomass. Accelerated composters reduced volume and weight of food scrapes while providing essential plant nutrients.
Speakers Co-authors
AH

Alessandro Holzapfel

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
EB

Edward Bush

LSU AgCenter
WD

William Dunford

Louisiana State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:15pm - 1:30pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

1:30pm CDT

UG 1 - Limonoid glucoside and dietary fiber co-treatment enhances salt tolerance, growth kinetics, antioxidant potential, and amino acid metabolism of Lactobacillus plantarum
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:30pm - 1:45pm CDT
The probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 is an ideal model for studying prebiotic interactions primarily due to its demonstrated ability to metabolize a wide range of prebiotic compounds. Hence, this study examines the potential synergistic effects of limonoid glucoside (LG), a citrus-derived phytochemical, in combination with dietary fibers on growth kinetics, amino acid metabolism, biofilm formation, and bacterial performance under salt stress conditions. Treatments included de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe Agar (MRS) media supplemented with various individual and combinations of LG and dietary fibers, pectin (PEC), and inulin (IN). Individual treatments contained 1 mg/mL of LG, PEC, and IN, while combination treatments used a 0.5 mg/mL concentration of each component. Among the tested NaCl salt concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 4%, concentrations below 2% showed sustained bacterial growth for all the combinations (LG: PEC/IN). Salt concentrations at 4 % negatively impacted the bacterial growth in all the treatments and control; however, an exponential rise in growth was observed after the 18th hour of incubation in PEC: LG, indicating a delayed lag phase. Such a pattern of growth at high salt stress possibly indicates that the co-treatment with LG and PEC could potentially maintain growth, help conserve energy demands, and display osmoregulatory effects to overcome salt stress. Additionally, differences in cell surface hydrophobicity between treatments suggest improved bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. The LG treatment resulted in significantly increased hydrophobicity, indicating enhanced adhesion potential. IN, LG: PEC/IN treatments showed moderate hydrophobicity, comparable to the MRS control, while PEC exhibited the least. These findings are important, as higher cell surface hydrophobicity is crucial for providing protection against environmental stressors and supporting healthy microbial interactions. Amino acid profiling showed treatment-dependent changes, suggesting that LG and PEC/IN combinations affect amino acid metabolism significantly. Additionally, digested samples exhibited enhanced radical scavenging, indicating potential antioxidative synergy between digested LG and dietary fibers. By analyzing the effects of limonoid glucosides in combination with dietary fibers, this study highlights the potential synergistic benefits of these compounds in enhancing their functional properties and supporting a healthy gut microbiome.
Speakers
AS

Ananya Sharma

Texas A&M University
Co-authors
BP

Bhimanagouda Patil

Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University
NA
DK

Deepak Kumar Jha

Texas A&M AgriLife
VD

Vikas Dadwal

Texas A&M University
I am experienced in phytochemical extraction and LC-MS metabolomics of pre and post-harvested fruits and vegetables. My research focuses on the development of plant-derived bioactive formulations and the assessment of their biological activity in vitro and in vivo. I am currently... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:30pm - 1:45pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Undergraduate Student 1

1:30pm CDT

Coffee Break
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:30pm - 2:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:30pm - 2:00pm CDT
Empire AB

1:44pm CDT

EcoPhys 1 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AK

Al Kovaleski

University of Wisconsin-Madison
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

1:44pm CDT

FLOR 1 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
AP

Alvaro Pantoja-Benavides

University of Connecticut
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

1:44pm CDT

MKEC - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
BC

Ben Campbell

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 12A

1:44pm CDT

VCM 3 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
LS

Laura Schulz

Graduate Research Assistant, Washington State University
I am a PhD student at Washington State University working with Carol Miles on introducing sweetpotato as a new crop in western Washington.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:44pm - 1:45pm CDT
Strand 11B

1:45pm CDT

EcoPhys 1 - Hydrogen cyanamide advances budbreak in grapevine by increasing rate of cold hardiness loss
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
The mechanism controlling dormancy in buds of woody perennial plants remains largely unknown. However, it is known that exposure to cold temperatures (chilling) promotes the transition from a non-responsive to a responsive status to growth-conducive temperatures (i.e., endo- to ecodormancy transition). In horticulture, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) has been used for decades to overcome chilling accumulation deficiencies for temperate fruit crops grown in subtropical climates. Given the connection between cold hardiness loss and budbreak, we hypothesized that HC would increase the rate of cold hardiness loss (deacclimation rate). To test this, we collected grapevine (Vitis hybrid ‘Petite Pearl’) cuttings from field conditions in Madison, WI in approximately bi-weekly intervals from December to April. Single node cuttings were prepared and randomly separated into two treatments: a control group [0.5% surfactant (Regulaid®, KALO, Inc.)], and an HC group [5% hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®, Alzchem Group AG) and 0.5% surfactant]. Both groups were treated by submersion for 10s. Cuttings were then placed in cups of water, and under forcing conditions. The forcing conditions used for all collections were 22ºC and 16h light. In later collections, two additional forcing temperatures were used: 8ºC and 16ºC. Cold hardiness was measured using differential thermal analysis on the day of treatment application, from field collected buds (n>10), and in semi-regular intervals from cuttings under forcing conditions, with interval length depending on temperature [e.g., quasi-daily at 22ºC (T0 1d, T0 2d, …); about every two days for 16ºC (T0 2d, T0 4d, …), about every five days for 8ºC]. At each collection time and for each temperature and treatment, 10 cuttings were set apart to observe time to budbreak. As expected, budbreak occurred earlier in HC treated buds compared to control. Using measurements of cold hardiness over time under forcing, we determined deacclimation rates as the slope of linear regressions. The rate of deacclimation in the control group increased progressively with each collection, as chilling accumulated in the field (1.0ºC/d in December to 1.4ºC/d in March). However, the deacclimation rate of the HC-treated group was always greater than the control (1.6ºC/d in December and 1.7ºC/d in March). In March, at 16ºC, there was also a difference between control and HC group in deacclimation rate (1.2ºC/d and 1.4ºC/d), while there were no differences at 8ºC. HC increases the rate of deacclimation in grapevines. We anticipate that understanding the interplay between cold hardiness, deacclimation, and budbreak will be helpful in uncovering the dormancy mechanism.
Speakers
AK

Al Kovaleski

University of Wisconsin-Madison
Co-authors
EK

Erica Kirchhof

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
FC

Francisco Campos-Arguedas

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
MN

Michael North

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
NA

Nadia Arias

Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco / University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

1:45pm CDT

FLOR 1 - Chitosan Effect on Petunia Plants Growing Under Different Deficit Irrigation Regimes.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Increasing the efficiency of irrigation practices is necessary to conserve water resources. However, extreme reductions in irrigation may lead to stunted growth. In this project, we aimed to evaluate if chitosan applied as a substrate amendment influenced plant growth, physiology, and marketable parameters of container-grown ornamental crops cultivated at different container capacities. The experiment was a full-factorial design with two factors: container capacity (100%, 70%, and 40%) and chitosan application timing (No application, Week 1, Week 3). The plants were kept in the greenhouse for six weeks and then in growth chambers set at 30°C or 40°C for two weeks to simulate post-production conditions. Plant growth and stomatal conductance were measured weekly and flower area after the sixth week. Significant differences were observed between the treatments. Plant growth was lowest at 70% and 40% CC when chitosan was applied at week 3. The stomatal conductance of plants under 70% and 40% CC was higher than 100% CC with no chitosan, but plants with chitosan at 40% CC had higher stomatal conductance. Flower coverage did not differ at the end of the crop cycle and in the first week at the two post-production temperatures (30°C and 40°C), but in the second week, the flower coverage decreased drastically in all the treatments, with the lowest values observed at 100% CC in both environmental temperatures. Deficit irrigation in petunia plants could be a strategy to produce marketable plants while reducing the volume of water. Chitosan applied in the first week of production seems to be the best application timing under deficit irrigation to see an amelioration effect from lowering container capacity.
Speakers
AP

Alvaro Pantoja-Benavides

University of Connecticut
Co-authors
RR

Rosa Raudales

University of Connecticut
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

1:45pm CDT

MKEC - Optimizing Asparagus Marketability: The Economic Impact of Controlled-Atmosphere Storage for Michigan Growers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Despite an increase in asparagus production in Michigan, which has surpassed California since 2015, national production has declined by 75% since 2000, while imports have surged from 159 million pounds to 580 million pounds. This shift has placed increasing pressure on domestic production, with Michigan growers facing challenges from high labor costs and import competition. By 2022, only 6% of the fresh asparagus supply in the U.S. came from domestic production, with imports accounting for the remaining 94%. As a result, Michigan's asparagus growers are vulnerable to price fluctuations caused by import competition, compounded by a very short six-week harvest season. Consumer demand remains high after the harvest season, driving market prices up by as much as 28% post-harvest, yet growers are unable to capitalize on this price increase. To address these challenges, this study explores the potential of extending the storage life of asparagus, particularly through controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage. This method could help mitigate the impact of price fluctuations on growers' revenues by enabling producers to allocate surplus produce to the market based on demand, while reducing produce losses. A comprehensive bioeconomic model was developed to simulate the economic impact of extending storage. This model integrates yield capacity and annual average costs per acre for Michigan growers, with data derived from interviews and focus groups with local asparagus producers. The model analyzes production costs and yield capacities over a 14-year lifecycle, with peak yields of 5,500 pounds per acre occurring between years 5 and 12. Despite high initial costs, positive net returns are anticipated from years 4 through 12 of the production cycle. The study evaluates four scenarios with varying post-harvest storage durations (i.e., immediate marketing, one-week storage, two-week storage, and three-week storage) and demonstrates that extending storage can capitalize on post-season price increases, thereby enhancing annual revenue, particularly during peak harvesting years. The results suggest that Michigan growers can improve profitability by adopting CA storage for two weeks, aligning storage strategies with market price fluctuations to optimize revenue.
Speakers
SV

Simone Valle de Souza

Assistant Professor, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY - EAST LANSING,MI,USA
Co-authors
BW

Benjamin Werling

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY - EAST LANSING,MI,USA
NA
JB

John Bakker

Michigan Asparagus Association
NA
PE

Philip Engelgau

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY - EAST LANSING,MI,USA
NA
RB

Randolph Beaudry

Michigan State University
Dr. Randolph Beaudry, Professor, MSU Department of Horticulture (MSc, PhD, University of Georgia). His appointment is 50% MSU Extension and 50% AgBioResearch. His research program includes both regional and international projects and focuses on the physiology of plant responses to... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 12A

1:45pm CDT

VCM 3 - Role of On-station and On-farm Trials to Test and Introduce New Crops
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Many direct-market farmers in western Washington are interested in sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas) for crop rotations, to increase farm sales, offer a culturally relevant crop to consumers, and adapt to climate change. We conducted research station and on-farm trials in 2023, 2024, and 2025 with the goal of testing cultivars, developing production guidelines, and introducing sweetpotato as a new crop for the region. The trials were a partnership between WSU researchers, who led the research station trials, and WSU Extension, who led the on-farm trials. Research station trials provided yield and wireworm resistance data for nine cultivars and breeding lines, and on-farm trials introduced sweetpotato to farmers in the region. On-farm trial participants were provided with slips or roots of three sweetpotato cultivars and a production guide. In 2023, 20 farmers across three counties signed up to participate, 15 farmers planted trials (75% of signups), 11 farmers returned surveys with some data (73% of planted trials), and 5 farmers provided complete data (33% of planted trials). Due to varying management practices and incomplete responses, 2023 on-farm trial data were largely unusable for evaluating yield or wireworm resistance. In 2024, 33 farmers across nine counties signed up to participate, 29 farmers planted trials (88% of signups), 25 farmers returned surveys and/or had data collected by a WSU Extension Field Assistant (89% of planted trials), and 20 farmers provided complete data (71% of planted trials). Hiring a part-time field assistant in 2024 who visited farms and collected data increased farmer response rate and data completeness. Yet, on-farm trial yield and wireworm resistance data still were not fully usable due to inconsistencies in how data were collected, and lack of adherence to production guidelines. In 2025, we redesigned on-farm trial data surveys to focus on farmers’ perceptions regarding suitability of sweetpotato production and marketability for their farm. Participating farmers are uniquely well-suited to answer these qualitative questions, which will assess if sweetpotato has been successfully introduced in the region. In all years of the project, online growing classes, in-person field days, and farm walks proved useful for introducing sweetpotato to new farmers in the region. Visits to on-farm trial locations proved an important avenue of offering support to farmers experimenting with sweetpotato. Completed surveys and conversations with on-farm trial participants provided valuable feedback that was incorporated into our sweetpotato production guide, and expanded and improved our on-line resources including several short production videos.
Speakers
LS

Laura Schulz

Graduate Research Assistant, Washington State University
I am a PhD student at Washington State University working with Carol Miles on introducing sweetpotato as a new crop in western Washington.
Co-authors
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
JW

Jordan White

Washington State University
LM

Laurel Moulton

Washington State University
SG

Samantha Grieger

Washington State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 2:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

1:45pm CDT

Early Career Competition
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Becky Sideman

Becky Sideman

ASHS Board Member-At-Large, University of New Hampshire
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Foster 1

1:45pm CDT

Workshop: Usage of Ethylene Related Materials in Horticultural Plants
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Ethylene-releasing and ethylene-inhibiting materials are essential tools to manage different aspects of horticultural crop production such as plant growth and development, flowering, stress response, thinning and harvesting. This workshop will focus on two topics related to promoting ethylene and two topics related to inhibiting ethylene in horticultural crop production highlighting aspects of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxilic acid (ACC), Ethephon, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) applications in horticulture. Following each of these two broad categories of ethylene related materials, time will be provided for discussion and questions with the speakers and participants. The overall goal of this interactive workshop is to bring together speakers working on methods to influence ethylene related processes in different horticultural commodities to provide an environment for the exchange of information on new uses and management tools of ethylene-releasing and ethylene-inhibiting plant growth regulators.

Speakers:
  • Dr. Esmaeil Fallahi – ACC Use on Tree Fruits University of Idaho
  • Dr. Garrett Owen – Use of the Ethylene Generating PGR Collate in the Ornamental Industry Ohio State University
  • Dr. Shinsuke Agehara – 1-MCP as it Relates to Suppressing Ethylene-Induced Stress Responses in Vegetable Transplants University of Florida Dr.
  •  Dr. Jimmy Larson – AVG/Tools to Manage Apple Harvest Utah State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:45pm - 3:45pm CDT
Strand 10

1:59pm CDT

WUM 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:59pm - 2:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
Wednesday July 30, 2025 1:59pm - 2:00pm CDT
Foster 2

2:00pm CDT

EcoPhys 1 - Evaluating Cold Hardiness Dynamics and Time to Budbreak of Dormant Grapevines Across the Continental US
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Dormancy remains a poorly understood process in temperate woody perennial plants. These plants require cumulative exposure to low temperatures (chilling accumulation) during winter to respond to warm temperatures in spring (forcing) and properly break bud. For successful establishment of temperate woody perennial fruit crops, it is important to understand chilling accumulation and dormancy requirements of species and cultivars. Our recent work indicates cold hardiness is an important co-variate in the analyses related to timing of budbreak, and thus chilling accumulation models and dormancy progression studies. Here we set out to understand aspects of chilling accumulation in different conditions by evaluating two measures of dormancy progression, (i) a classic forcing assay, where time to budbreak is evaluated; and (ii) a newer phenotyping of cold hardiness deacclimation rates using grapevine (Vitis spp.). For a comprehensive analysis, we used grapevine canes from V. vinifera cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon and Riesling, and V. hybrid cvs. Concord, Frontenac, Itasca, Marquette, and Petite Pearl. Canes were collected in several states across the continental United States (CO, IA, MN, NY, PA, SD, TX, WI), and in two locations for two states (NY, WI), representing approximately eight different USDA Cold Hardiness Zones (4a-7b), over the course of two winter seasons (2023-2025). Collections occurred in December, January, February, and March of each season. Upon collection or receipt of shipments, initial cold hardiness of buds was measured using differential thermal analysis (DTA). Following, canes were prepared into single node cuttings, and placed in cups of water and in a growth chamber for forcing (22ºC, 16h day/8h night). A subsample of 15 cuttings was used to evaluate time to budbreak, while the remaining cuttings were used for cold hardiness measurements in semi-regular intervals. We used simple linear regression with cold hardiness measurements to determine deacclimation rates (loss of cold hardiness over time; ºC/day). In general, buds from warmer locations (IA, TX, and Long Island, NY) had less initial cold hardiness (field cold hardiness) than colder locations. Dormancy progression was faster in colder locations than warmer locations, observed in both budbreak assays and evaluation of deacclimation rates. Based on our data, time to budbreak is a function of initial cold hardiness and deacclimation rate. Future work will examine the response of deacclimation rates to chilling accumulation models to determine chilling models that best describe dormancy responses across climates, which will then be incorporated into models that predict field cold hardiness and field budbreak.
Speakers
AK

Al Kovaleski

University of Wisconsin-Madison
Co-authors
AD

Ali Didevarasl

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
AA

Amaya Atucha

University of Wisconsin Madison
JL

Jason Londo

Cornell University
NA
MN

Michael North

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Ecological Physiology 1
  • Subject Ecological Physiology
  • Funding Source USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Award No. 2023-68008-39274.

2:00pm CDT

FLOR 1 - Substrate Water Status and Fertilizer Formulation Affect Growth and Tissue Nutrient Content of Petunia and Calibrachoa
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Overwatered spring crops are subject to a range of biotic and abiotic disorders including hypoxia, nutrient deficiencies, and increased susceptibility to root rot diseases. Defining parameters associated with under- and overwatering would demonstrate how watering practices influence growth and abiotic disorders that develop during greenhouse production. Growth and nutrient content of petunia ‘Cascadias Indian Summer’ (IS) and ‘Headliner Strawberry Sky’ (SS; Expt. 1) and calibrachoa ‘Aloha Kona Midnight Blue’ (MB; Expt. 2) plants were grown under three different watering regimes of overwatered (rewatered when weight of sentinel pots dropped to 90 to 95 5% of container capacity, CC), optimally watered (60 5% of CC), and underwatered (35 to 45 5% of CC) and two different fertilizer sources of Jack’s Professional General Purpose and Jack’s Classic Petunia Feed. Across both plant species, the optimal watering regime generally yielded the largest plants based on width, fresh and dry weights. SPAD readings of youngest foliage were different based on fertilizer source. While IS petunia did not develop yellowing of youngest foliage in any treatment, SS petunia developed distinctive symptoms of interveinal chlorosis in youngest foliage of overwatered plants fertilized with general purpose fertilizer. However, tissue analysis of SS petunia revealed no difference in Fe between watering regimes or fertilizer formulations. Differences did occur across watering regimes in tissue P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Mn and between fertilizer formulations in P, Mg, and S. Overwatering induced visual symptomology of chlorotic young foliage in SS petunia and MB calibrachoa, but not IS petunia, which suggests a genetic component to the disorder. Symptomology is effectively mitigated by using petunia feed. Tissue nutrient content is affected by overwatering, but Fe is not significantly different. Future work will explore a mechanism associated with substrate microbial activity that explains these results.
Speakers
KW

Kimberly Williams

Kansas State University
Co-authors
EG

Elise Girard

Kansas State University
NA
PH

Pierce Hayden

Kansas State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 1
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source The Gloeckner Foundation

2:00pm CDT

MKEC - The Impact of Consumer Awareness and Treatment Information on Purchasing Decisions for Container-Grown Plants Amid the Jumping Worm Infestation
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Jumping worms (Amynthas spp.), an emergent invasive species native to East-central Asia, threaten the health of temperate ecosystems and the vitality of the plant production industry in the United States. Aptly named due to their characteristic and distinctive ability to thrash, these invasive annelids contribute substantial alterations to soil structure, texture, and nutrient dynamics in temperate forests and with potted plants. Their impact on the physical and chemical properties of native soils result in plant health decline and lead to biodiversity loss of flora and fauna. An unintentional, yet predominant, vector of the spread of jumping worms throughout the U.S. is through horticultural materials such as mulch, potting media, compost, and potted plants. While controlling the spread of these invasive worms is a forefront goal of producers and regulatory authorities in the green industry, there is surprisingly little knowledge about consumer awareness of the worms and their willingness to purchase horticultural products infested with, or treated for, jumping worms, which may help inform green industry production management. The objectives of this study were to examine how purchasing decisions are impacted by consumer awareness and jumping worm treatment information. To achieve this, an online survey was conducted with a diverse sample of consumers in the U.S. to gauge their awareness and knowledge of jumping worms, gardening habits, and demographic information. How jumping worm treatment impacts consumers' value for potted plants in different US regions are also explored. The results revealed a notable decrease in willingness to buy and value for untreated potted plants after participants were informed about the negative effects of jumping worms. Further, consumer willingness to buy treated potted plants increased when participants were informed about potential jumping worm treatment options. The findings highlight the influence of consumer education and transparent communication from plant producers and retailers in shaping consumer decisions regarding potted plant purchases. The results of consumer valuation of treated plants have important implications for pricing strategies of jumping worm treated potted plants. These insights are essential for formulating effective communication and treatment strategies to mitigate the impact of jumping worms on ecosystems and the green industry.
Speakers
avatar for Jenna Simon

Jenna Simon

Research Assistant, University of Minnesota
Jenna Simon studies invasive jumping worms (Amynthas spp.) with a focus on containerized production. She has a strong passion for the nursery profession and strives to bridge the gap between horticulture and ecology. She believes that ecology should be viewed from many different lenses... Read More →
Co-authors
BM

Brandon Miller

University of Minnesota
CY

Chengyan Yue

University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (Minneapolis, MN)
YW

Yang Wang

University of Minnesota
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Marketing and Economics
  • Subject Marketing and Economics
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source Minnesota Department of Agriculture (Specialty Crop Block Grant Fund)

2:00pm CDT

VCM 3 - Impact of Native Wildflowers on the Yield of Three Sisters Crops On Green Roofs
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Urban areas are expanding throughout the world, increasing infrastructure and impermeable surfaces and concurrently decreasing quantity and quality of natural landscapes. With a decrease in green spaces, human communities experience an increase in food scarcity. Ecological communities experience a decrease in biodiversity and suitable habitat. Here, we aim to utilize native wildflowers, vegetable crops and urban infrastructure to provide healthy food as well as biodiversity options to urban areas. In this study we examine (a) how the presence of native perennial Colorado wildflowers may influence the yield of crop plants, specifically the three sister’s guild of maize, beans and squash, plus sunchokes and sunflowers and (b) to evaluate how the crop yields may differ between sites in full sun and partial shade landscapes. To do so, we utilize green roofs and ground plots at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado to evaluate the yield differences. We hypothesize that the crops with wildflowers nearby will produce a higher crop yield than the crops grown without wildflowers. Additionally, we expect that shade treatments will reduce yield compared to the full sun treatments. Thus far with preliminary data analysis, we find crops grown on the green roof with native wildflowers nearby had a higher average leaf number (as a proxy for the size of the plant). The yield of the squash crop was the highest on the green roof with the native wildflowers while the yield of the pole bean crop was highest at grade with native wildflowers nearby. This shows the proximity to wildflowers may have a significant effect and there may be an effect of shade for the yield of pole beans. With this research, we hope to provide notable insight to continue working towards the most efficient crop growth on green roofs in urban environments.
Speakers
IR

Isabella Rodelius

Colorado State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

2:00pm CDT

WUM 2 - Assessing Drip Irrigation as an Alternative to Micro-sprinklers During Strawberry Establishment in Southern California – 2nd Season
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
While approximately 80 to 90% of the sprinkler-applied water to a strawberry crop is lost through runoff, deep percolation and evaporation, all the strawberry fields in Ventura County are still irrigated with overhead sprinklers during crop establishment. Even though water use-efficiency for the in-season irrigation is on average high, the escalating regulatory pressure to achieve sustainable groundwater use in California, and therefore limiting water availability, will demand further efficiency. This study quantified differences in water use, yield, canopy coverage and root depth between drip tape (DT) and micro-sprinkler (MS) irrigation during crop establishment at a commercial field located in Oxnard, CA during the 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 growing seasons. This abstract shares the results of the second season. The treatments were applied during the first 42 days after planting, after which drip tape became the only irrigation method. The irrigation scheduling of the MS treatment was defined by the irrigator (grower standard), while the DT irrigation was guided by tensiometers and field observations. All other production practices remained the same. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design, with an area of 0.15 acre per plot (7 beds of 175ft long). Total water use during establishment was 74.4% greater for the MS treatment compared to DT (5.8 and 3.4 acre-in, respectively). Marketable yield up to March 31 was very similar between treatments (19,268 and 19,420 lb/acre for DT and MS, respectively) and not statistically significant (p-value = 0.9517). Although not statistically significant, canopy cover MS was 9 and 11% greater at 1 month and 3 months after planting, respectively. Root depth measured at 1 month after planting was very similar and not statistically different (p-value = 0.9496).
Speakers Co-authors
GF

Gina Ferrari

UC Cooperative Extension
NA
OD

Oleg Daugovish

University of California Cooperative Extension
RC

Raul Coronado

Good Farms
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 2:15pm CDT
Foster 2

2:00pm CDT

Sip & Savor: A Taste of U.S.-Grown Specialty Teas and Everything You Want to Know About Tea
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 3:00pm CDT
This presentation is hosted by the Collegiate Activities Committee and undergraduates are encouraged to attend!

Specialty teas made from the tender tips of Camellia sinensis have been enjoyed for centuries, and their cultivation in the U.S. is gaining growing interest. Join us at this Hort Theater presentation to discover the exciting world of U.S.-grown specialty tea. Experience a tasting of select green and black teas from Hawaii, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Bring your curiosity and your questions about the health benefits, production, processing, and preparation of tea – we’ll entertain these topics with fun facts and our latest research insights.

Audience will take part in the discussion by doing a tea tasting of 4 or 5 different U.S.-grown teas. There will be new 2025 tea products from a local grower and growers from Mississippi, Oregon, and Hawaii. We will be offering these teas as cold-brew and hot-water brewed sample.

Speaker:
Dr. Tan Chen, Louisiana State University
Presiding/Moderator
KM

Kimberly Moore

University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 3:00pm CDT
Hort Theater

2:00pm CDT

Pomology Interest Group Meeting
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 3:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:00pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 3

2:15pm CDT

EcoPhys 1 - Cellular Mechanism of Freeze-Injury Viewed Through Ionic Analysis of the Leachate from Spinach Leaves Injured at Varying Durations of Freezing
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Freeze-desiccation due to exosmosis to extracellular ice is considered as the major stress during equilibrium freezing. This causes structural / functional perturbations in the plasma membrane which leads to leakage of cellular contents. To gain further insight into the cellular mechanism of freeze-thaw injury, four cations (K , Ca2 , Mg2 , Fe2 ), known for their critical roles in plant growth and development, were measured in the leachate from injured spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. ‘Reflect’) leaves exposed to four freezing-durations (FDs) (0.5, 3.0, 5.5, 10.5 h) at a fixed temperature. In general, leakage of K , Ca2 , Mg2 increased incrementally at longer FDs and leaves sustained greater water-soaking after prolonged freezing. Data indicated a higher abundance of reactive oxygen species (O2− and H2O2) in leaves with greater injury at longer FDs. PSII efficiency was incrementally compromised at longer FDs as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm). Total electrolyte leakage from tissues right-after-thaw versus those allowed to recover for 6-d revealed that injury at 0.5 or 3 h FDs was recoverable, but leaves were irreparably injured at 5.5 or 10.5 h FDs. K was the most abundant cation in leachate. Data suggests that K -leakage can be used as proxy for total electrolyte-leakage in determining LT50 and can serve as an ionic marker to delineate moderate (recoverable) versus severe (non-recoverable) freeze-injury. Ca2 - and K -leakage data, together, are compatible with an earlier conjecture that leaked K ions replace membrane-associated Ca2 during post-thaw. It is proposed that thus structurally weakened plasma membrane, together with inhibited active transport functions of plasma membrane (noted in previous studies) lead to enhanced K -leakage from more severely freeze-injured leaves. Unlike other cations, Fe2 -leakage was indeed lower in the injured (0.5 FD) leaves compared to unfrozen control. Moreover, Fe2 was undetectable in the leachate at longer FDs. It is hypothesized that such lack of Fe2 in the leachate could result from Fenton reaction in injured tissues which converts soluble Fe2 into insoluble Fe3 . Enhanced Mg2 -leakage at greater freeze-injury suggests structural/functional impairment of chlorophyll / chloroplast complex, resulting in reduced quantum yield of PSII.
Speakers
RA

Rajeev Arora

Iowa State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:15pm CDT

FLOR 1 - Evaluating Sugarcane Bagasse Amended Substrates to Reduce Phosphorus Fertilizer Use in Petunia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Sugarcane bagasse (SCB), a byproduct from the refinement of sugar, is an abundantly available material in tropical and semi-tropical regions. The use of SCB as a component in soilless substrates and other horticulture applications has gained attention due to its regional availability, use as a peat alternative in floriculture production, and as a phosphorus-rich material. Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for the growth of plants; however, P leaching losses from excessive fertilizer applications can pose environmental concerns. This study evaluated using SCB as a soilless substrate amendment in the production of Petunia ‘E3 Easy Wave Coral’, where two particle sizes of SCB (hammermilled at 4 mm and 6 mm) were blended with a peat moss/perlite (7:3 by vol.) floriculture media at rates of 15% and 30% by volume. Two fertilizer rates were investigated, one applying P at 100 mg L-1 and one applying P at a reduced rate of 30 mg L-1. Plant growth and vigor was assessed through measuring growth index (average of plant height and two widths) and chlorophyll content (SPAD). Leachate collected from containers following the “Pour-Through” method was assessed for pH and electrical conductivity (EC), with subsamples collected and analyzed for nutrient content. Plants appeared to grow larger in the control (peat moss/perlite media only) and 15% SCB amended soilless substrates compared to the 30% SCB substrates, regardless of SCB size or fertilizer rate. Substrates amended with SCB at 30% resulted in less vigorous growth than either the control or the 15% SCB amended substrates; however, the differences were less visible in the 30% SCB media when provided the higher P fertilizer rate. Given the important role of P in plant growth and the environmental concerns associated with fertilizer applications, evaluating P availability in sugarcane bagasse and its potential contribution to plant nutrition could provide a more sustainable alternative for soilless substrate systems in floriculture production.
Speakers
MV

Martha Vilchez

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
NA
Co-authors
DA

Damon Abdi

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
JF

Jeb Fields

University of Florida
MH

M.P. Hayes

Louisiana State University
NA
MA

Mysha Ahmed

Louisiana State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 1
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source Floriculture Nursery Research Initiative

2:15pm CDT

MKEC - Willingness to Pay for Wildlife-Friendly Plants: Insights from Discrete Choice Experiment
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Native plants are defined as species present in North America before European settlement which have coevolved with local flora and fauna. Demand and popularity of native plants in landscaping have increased in the U.S. partially due to a rise in awareness of their ecological benefits. Various factors such as income, education, native labeling, and perceptions of wildlife welfare have been linked to consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for native plants. However, fewer studies have explored how different types of wildlife influence these preferences. In this study, we conducted an online survey of 2,011 U.S. consumers. Mixed logit models were used to estimate willingness-to-pay for different wildlife benefits and customer segments were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Overall, consumers were generally willing to pay a premium for native plants over exotic species, particularly when the plants attracted birds or pollinators. In contrast, plants associated with deer or offering no wildlife benefit required a discount to be considered. Four customer classes were identified with varying levels of interest in attracting songbirds, pollinators and deer. Marketing implications will be discussed based on class membership.
Speakers
NB

Nama Bhusal

University of Tennessee
NA
Co-authors
AL

Alicia L Rihn

University of Tennessee
AT

Ariana Torres

Purdue University
NA
BB

Bridget Behe

Michigan State University
NA
SB

Sue Barton

University of Delaware
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Marketing and Economics

2:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - Evaluating Impact of Rooftop Agrivoltaics (RAV) on Chile Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Production and Growth
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Climate change progression has created many challenges for our current agriculture system such as the degradation of arable land and more intense weather patterns. Rates of food insecurity and population growth are simultaneously increasing in urban areas, so reimagining food production and land management is vital for the future of agriculture. Rooftop agrivoltaics (RAV), growing crops under solar panels on a green roof, may be an effective way to produce clean energy and high yields of specialty crops in underutilized spaces. Chile peppers hold economic and cultural significance to the southwest region of the US. Previous studies show chile peppers perform better under 35% shade than in full sun due to heat stress reduction. This study focused on three cultivars of chile peppers: ‘Hatch’, ‘Mosco’, and an unnamed CSU experimental. Individuals of each cultivar were planted in four on the green roof (under opaque photovoltaics (PV), under bifacial PV, under 40% shade cloth, and full sun) and in one at-grade plot. The 40% shade cloth was used to simulate semi-transparent solar panels. Plants were evaluated by yield (fruit production), water efficiency (stomatal conductance), and plant growth index (average of two widths and height). Analysis shows yield was significantly higher in the full sun and shade cloth plots than all other plots, possibly due to the bifacial and opaque plots providing too much shade for optimized fruit production. Stomatal conductance was reduced in the shade cloth, bifacial, and opaque plots in the first part of the growing season and varied by cultivar and treatment at other times. Plant growth index was highest for plants grown in the shade cloth plot at most time points, but significance varied by cultivar across treatments. Growing chile peppers in RAV systems utilizing semi-transparent solar panels can reduce plant water use while producing more fruit than traditional at-grade growing. Sensory evaluation using a just-about-right (JAR) test and was conducted to assess consumer acceptance of sensory attributes of roasted ‘Hatch’ and ‘Mosco’ chile peppers grown in full sun on a green roof and at grade. A standard 9-point hedonic scale was used to assess overall liking. There was no significant difference in JAR ratings for each of the 7 attributes assessed and no significant difference in overall liking. Growing ‘Hatch’ and ‘Mosco’ chile peppers on green roofs does not significantly impact consumer acceptance. This provides urban farmers with more confidence to grow chile peppers on green roofs.
Speakers
MC

Maria Chavez

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
JB

Jennifer Bousselot

Colorado State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Strand 11B

2:15pm CDT

WUM 2 - Evaluating OpenET against field scale surface renewal ET in walnuts
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Walnut is currently grown on over 400 thousand acres in California with the majority of production in the Northern San Joaquin Valley (NSJV). The recurring droughts and climate change in California will likely increase the uncertainty in water supply to walnuts and other specialty crops. Site-specific irrigation is critical to cope with these challenges. Knowing the water use of walnuts is crucial in optimizing irrigation management since it affects nut quality, and productivity. Unlike traditional methods, which are often limited by spatial coverage, high costs, and less precise crop coefficient values, satellite remote sensing offers a cost-effective, widely accessible solution. It enables large-scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimation with increasing adoption in irrigated agriculture, providing a valuable tool for water management. This study compares OpenET models, an open-source database providing ET estimates, against commercial in-situ surface renewal ET sensor. Utilizing OpenET platform provides a good opportunity for growers to improve water use efficiency. Such improvements could lead to the adoption of publicly available irrigation management tools and ensure healthier tree development, better resource utilization, and more resilient orchards in the face of climate change. Based on the data of 2024 season, the Satellite Irrigation Management Support (SIMS) model had the highest accuracy in estimating actual ET when compared to measurements from a commercial in-situ surface renewal system in the orchard, with a mean percent error (MPE) of -18.45%, and R² and mean absolute error (MAE) values of 0.88 and 0.03 inches/d⁻¹, respectively, followed by the Ensemble model. In contrast, the SSEBop model showed the lowest correlation with ETa, with an R² of 0.77 and a relatively high MAE of 0.06 inches, indicating a higher level of uncertainty in its estimates which could potentially lead to over-irrigation if adopted without correction. Based on these findings, growers can confidently incorporate the OpenET SIMS model into their irrigation scheduling, ultimately enhancing water use efficiency. However, further validation through replication over a second year and across multiple sites is essential to substantiate these findings.
Speakers
AM

Abdelmoneim Mohamed

Irrigation and Soils Advisor, University of California ANR
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:15pm - 2:30pm CDT
Foster 2

2:30pm CDT

EcoPhys 1 - Characterization of Fulvic acids-mediated Drought Tolerances in Tomatoes using Untargeted Hormonomics and Metabolomics Approaches
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Drought stress poses significant environmental challenges to agricultural plants, especially tomatoes, by hindering their growth and reducing yields. Biostimulants like fulvic acids (FA) have emerged promising strategies for mitigating drought effects and enhancing water-use efficiency. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FA-induced drought tolerance are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to characterize FA-induced drought tolerance mechanism in tomatoes. Four-week-old plants were treated with FA at 240 mg per plant, and drought conditions were imposed by withholding 75% of the water supplied to well-watered plants. The plant growth performance and the physiological responses were evaluated. Leaf samples were collected at two stages: the early drought stage (3 days after treatment) and the later stage (7 days after treatment), for untargeted hormonomics and metabolomics analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Under drought conditions, control plants exhibited significant stress symptoms, including reduced height and leaf wilting during the later phase. In contrast, FA-treated plants developed less drought symptoms and improved stomatal conductance. The hormonomics and metabolomics analysis identified 114 hormones and 243 metabolites in ESI . Using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), we determined that 39 hormones and 162 metabolites (with a VIP score > 1.0) were significant discriminants among the different treatments. Under drought conditions, 2-hydroxy melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were significantly increased in FA-treated plants, along with higher concentrations of amino acids such as glycine and threonine. These findings suggest that fulvic acids modulate the phytohormones ABA and melatonin to induce drought tolerances, orchestrating a response that enhances drought tolerance by sustaining elevated levels of osmoprotective amino acids.
Speakers
MA

Md Al Mamun

University of Tennessee
Co-authors
EW

Ethan W. Darby

The University of Tennessee
NA
MH

Mahadi Hasan Redoy

University of Tennessee
TI

Tabibul Islam

University of Tennessee, Knoxville
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

2:30pm CDT

FLOR 1 - Temperature Management and Supplemental Lighting Strategy Effects on the Coloration and Morphology of Petunia ×hybrida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
In high latitudes (≥40°), commercial greenhouse growers utilize supplemental lighting (SL) and heating to offset low solar radiation, air average daily temperature (ADT), and root-zone temperature (RZT) during peak young-plant production. Growers have historically used high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps to deliver SL but are transitioning to light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures, mostly because of their improved energy efficacy. However, many growers report changes in crop morphology and undesirable purple leaf pigmentation when cuttings of some species, especially petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), were grown under LEDs. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantify how light intensity during callusing, ADT, RZT, and SL sources influence the morphology, rooting, leaf pigmentation, and quality of petunia and to 2) develop strategies to mitigate the purpling of leaves. Shoot-tip cuttings of petunia SureShot ‘Dark Blue’ and ‘White’ were inserted into 72-cell trays and propagated inside a greenhouse at an air ADT of 21 or 23 °C and with an RZT of 21 or 25 °C. Cuttings were grown under SL delivered by HPS lamps or LED fixtures proving different light qualities (low blue or moderate blue) at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 60 or 120 µmol·m–2·s–1 for the first 6 d, then 120 µmol·m–2·s–1 for the remaining 16 d. Cuttings of both cultivars grown at an air ADT of 23 °C often had greater stem lengths and shoot dry masses than cuttings grown at 21 °C, as well as lower concentrations of anthocyanins. Cuttings of both cultivars grown with an RZT of 25 °C typically had longer stems than those grown with an RZT of 21 °C. Overall, cuttings of both cultivars propagated under LEDs were of greater quality (shorter stems, greater root dry mass) than those grown under HPS lamps. The color of cuttings grown under LEDs were more red and blue than those grown under HPS lamps, especially at low ADT and RZT. Additionally, the anthocyanin content of ‘Dark Blue’ cuttings grown under LEDs was greater than those grown under HPS lamps. Little differences were observed between cuttings grown under either LED fixture. These results indicate that growers using LEDs may have to adjust other environmental parameters, such as light intensity, ADT, and RZT, to produce cuttings of similar morphology and quality to those grown under HPS lamps.
Speakers
CS

Charles Smith

Michigan State University
Co-authors
ER

Erik Runkle

Michigan State University
NJ

Nathan Jahnke

Ball Horticultural Company
NA
RL

Roberto Lopez

Michigan State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Floriculture Floriculture 1
  • Subject Floriculture
  • Funding Source Project GREEEN, Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Specialty Crop Block Grant, Ball Horticultural Company

2:30pm CDT

MKEC - Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for Lettuce and bell peppers grown under different supplemental lighting sources
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
As sustainable agricultural practices become increasingly important, the use of supplemental lighting technologies—particularly light-emitting diodes (LEDs)—is gaining momentum in greenhouse and indoor farming systems. While LEDs offer advantages in terms of energy efficiency and plant growth potential, consumer perceptions of crops grown under artificial lighting remain uncertain. This study explores how consumers respond to vegetables—specifically lettuce and bell peppers—produced using different lighting sources, including LED, high-pressure sodium (HPS), and natural sunlight, along with other product attributes such as production origin, organic certification, price, and point of purchase. A nationwide online survey was conducted to assess consumer awareness, preferences, and willingness to pay for produce grown under various lighting and production conditions. Participants were randomly assigned to different informational treatments that presented either positive, negative, or no information about LED lighting. A choice experiment was used to simulate real-world purchasing scenarios, allowing researchers to examine how these informational messages influenced consumer decision-making. The findings indicate that both production methods and the way information is communicated can significantly impact consumer preferences. Lighting source, in particular, emerged as a key factor, but its influence varied depending on the context in which it was presented. These insights underscore the need for thoughtful messaging and education strategies when introducing new agricultural technologies to the market. Understanding consumer attitudes toward lighting and other production attributes is essential for supporting the broader adoption of sustainable practices in modern food systems.
Speakers
AM

Andres Mauricio Mayorga-Gomez

The University of Georgia
Co-authors
BC

Ben Campbell

University of Georgia
JC

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 12A

2:30pm CDT

VCM 3 - Effect of intercropping asparagus with King Stropharia mushroom in woodchip mulch at three depths
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Intercropping mushrooms with field-grown vegetables may provide farmers additional revenue without sacrificing bed space or investing in indoor production facilities. The King Stropharia mushroom (Stropharia rugosoannulata), also called wine cap, can colonize organic material, like woodchips or straw mulch, making it a good candidate for intercropping with vegetables that can be grown on organic mulches. However, no research has evaluated the impact of this strategy on the vegetable yield. This project seeks to evaluate the compatibility of intercropping wine-cap mushrooms with asparagus in woodchip mulch. A randomized complete block experimental design (RCBD) experiment was initiated in 2021, and data was collected during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. The trial evaluated two factors: intercropping – inoculated vs. non-inoculated and mulch depth – 0 in (control), 4 in, 8 in, and 12 in. Wine-cap mushrooms were successfully established in the inoculated plots. The woodchip mulch depth had no effect on the timing or overall yield and marketability of the mushrooms, although 4 in mulch produced a smaller proportion of small-medium, Grade 1 mushrooms resulting in higher average weight fruiting bodies compared to deeper mulch treatments. During the first spring harvest, wine-cap mushrooms were also observed on the edges of non-inoculated plots; therefore, we were unable to evaluate the effects of mushroom on asparagus growth. Woodchip mulch did not affect the date of first harvest or harvest duration in either year, except at 12 in depth, which delayed harvest and shortened the production season. Relative to bare ground, woodchip mulch only affected asparagus yield (by number or weight) at 12 in depth, which decreased the number and weight of harvested asparagus. In 2023, asparagus spears grown with 8 in non-inoculated woodchips weighed 80 % more, on average, than spears grown in 4 in and 12 in inoculated plots. While the experiment provides a proof of concept for intercropping wine-cap mushrooms with asparagus, further research is needed to determine whether intercropped mushrooms directly impact asparagus production.
Speakers
avatar for Olalekan Sipasi

Olalekan Sipasi

Post Doc, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University
Sipasi Olalekan Ayodele is a Ph.D. Candidate at the Department of Horticulture and Natural Recourses at Kansas State University, ONE Champion 2017, Fellow Thinking School Africa, 2016 Winner of the African Youth Award in Agriculture, a seasoned NYSC SDGs Facilitator, The Future Award... Read More →
Co-authors
JC

Jeremy Cowan

Kansas State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Strand 11B

2:30pm CDT

WUM 2 - Evaluation of the Effects of Treated Wastewater on the Growth of Rose-Scented Geranium and English Lavender
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Water scarcity is one of the major challenges facing the agricultural industry, necessitating the use of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes. However, not all crops can effectively utilize this water, as it may have negative effects on plant growth, including disruptions in nutrient uptake and photosynthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treated wastewater on the growth of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). The experiment was conducted between 2022 and 2023 at the University of Fort Hare, Dikeni, South Africa. Two harvests were carried out in May 2023 (Harvest 1) and October 2023 (Harvest 2). Five irrigation treatments were applied to both geranium and lavender plants, consisting of treated wastewater from Dikeni town mixed with tap water at varying proportions: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v). Water and soil used were tested for nutritional composition. Treatments commenced four weeks after transplanting from cuttings, and the experiment followed a completely randomized block design with four replications across four blocks. The results showed no treatment differences in stem diameter, number of shoots, or plant height across treatments for both plant species during the two harvesting seasons. However, English lavender plants irrigated with 25% wastewater exhibited a slight increase in plant height at week 11, while geranium plants treated with 75% wastewater showed an increased plant height from week 5 until harvest at week 11. Additionally, plants receiving the 25% wastewater treatment produced the highest number of shoots from week 8 to week 11. These findings suggest that treated wastewater, both in its diluted and undiluted form, did not adversely affect plant growth. Therefore, it has the potential to serve as an alternative water and nutrients source for geranium and lavender plants, which farmers could utilize in collaboration with local municipalities to mitigate water scarcity challenges. However, further studies, particularly under open-field conditions, are needed to validate these results.
Speakers
SM

Sandile Manzi Ngwenya

University of Fort Hare
Co-authors
BK

Bahlebi Kibreab Eiasu

University of Fort Hare
NA
YT

Yandisa Tokota

University of Fort Hare
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:30pm - 2:45pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Water Utilization and Management 2

2:45pm CDT

EcoPhys 1 - New Methods to Assess Drought Resistance in Turfgrass
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
The irrigation of grasses dominates domestic water use across the globe, and a better understanding of water use and drought resistance in grasses is of undeniable importance for water conservation. Drought resistance is a complex trait composed of three distinct, but complementary, strategies: escape, avoidance, and tolerance. In grasses, drought escape is commonly displayed via summer dormancy, and drought avoidance and tolerance are displayed by grasses experiencing dehydration. Breeding programs have released cultivars with improved drought resistance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we used a number of plant physiology methods to characterize the mechanisms driving drought resistance in four zoysiagrass cultivars reported to exhibit contrasting levels of drought resistance. They were Lobo, Zeon, Empire, and Meyer. A dry-down was performed through deficit irrigation until 70% decline in evapotranspiration. No drought escape mechanism was identified in this project. Drought avoidance was characterized by the rate of dehydration over time, and drought tolerance was characterized by the decline in functional traits with increasing dehydration. Through this approach, we were able to separate avoidance from tolerance and demonstrate that drought tolerance governs drought resistance in commercial cultivars of zoysiagrass. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that canopy mortality during drought can only be reliably assessed using image analyses shortly after rehydration. This is because severe leaf rolling occurs during drought, confounding leaf rolling with actual leaf mortality. This study advances our understanding of i) drought resistance across commercial cultivars of zoysiagrass and ii) potential methods to select drought-resistant cultivars in turfgrass breeding programs.
Speakers
AC

Amanda Cardoso

North Carolina State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Ecological Physiology 1
  • Subject Ecological Physiology
  • Funding Source This work was supported by the Research Capacity Fund (HATCH), project award no. 7003279, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the Center for Turfgrass Environmental Research and Education Board at NC State University.

2:45pm CDT

FLOR 1 - Evaluate the effects of photoselective shade nets on physiology and morphology of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans ‘Cherry Queen’)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Photo-selective shade nets substantially benefit ornamental plant production by mitigating excessive radiation, enhancing light diffusion, and promoting adequate ventilation. These nets establish favorable microclimates that optimize water utilization, thereby reducing plant water demand through physiological and environmental adjustments. Shade nets of different colors vary notably in their spectral distribution and light transmission characteristics, directly impacting plant morphology, physiology, and development. This study aimed to evaluate how different colored photo-selective shade nets influence physiological, morphological, and floral characteristics, as well as water usage, in Zinnia elegans ‘Cherry Queen’. We used four distinct shade net colors: blue, red, white, and black with 30% shade factor as treatments. The 107 cm x 61 cm shade structure was prepared using the PVC pipes with different colored shade nets wrapped around it. Seeds of zinnia were sown in a commercial substrate, Metro-Mix® 820, and kept on a misting bench. Following germination, the plugs were transplanted in a 3.6 L pot filled with the same commercial substrate and kept under four distinct color shade nets. Substrate moisture content was consistently maintained at 35% volumetric water content using an automated irrigation system using capacitance-based soil moisture sensor, ECH20 10HS from Meter Group. Black shade nets transmitted the least radiation across all wavelengths. Blue shade nets increased transmission in blue and green wavelengths while reducing red and far-red light transmission. Red shade nets enhanced red and far-red wavelength transmission, whereas white nets provided the highest overall radiation across all wavelengths. Morphologically, plants grown under red and white shade nets exhibited similar growth and floral characteristics to those under blue nets, and all showed improved growth compared to plants under black nets. Physiological responses, including photosynthetic assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and anthocyanin content measured via leaf spectrometry remained similar across all treatments. Water use per plant was highest under white shade nets, significantly exceeding usage under black nets but comparable to blue and red nets. Growers may prefer red or white shade nets for optimal growth and water efficiency, blue for balanced spectral quality, or black for reduced radiation needs.
Speakers
AC

Anju Chaudhary

Utah State University
Co-authors
SP

Shital Poudyal

Utah State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

2:45pm CDT

MKEC - Living Near A Greenhouse: Proximity and Perception
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Perceptions of production agriculture vary from unconcerned to concerned. These positive and negative perceptions can be greater for green industry firms given many firms locate near urban areas. Using a nationally representative survey of 4,000 U.S. residents, this study examines respondent concern level for living near a food and plant producing greenhouse. Furthermore, we examine the role distance a respondent lives from a greenhouse plays in their concern level. We then breakdown concern levels for different production practices (e.g., water usage, energy use, noise pollution, light pollution, etc.) by distance a respondent lives from a greenhouse. Results indicate that distance lived plays a role in greenhouse concern level. Demographics also play a role in concern level. Greenhouse producers can use these results to better understand how their "neighbors" view their operations and what types of educational efforts may be needed when interacting with their community.
Speakers
BC

Ben Campbell

University of Georgia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 12A

2:45pm CDT

VCM 3 - Evaluating New Broccoli Cultivars: Effect of Planting Time on Growth and Yield in North Dakota
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Small-scale growers face challenges in optimizing the quantity and quality of new broccoli cultivars due to shifting weather patterns and the prevalence of heat-sensitive cultivars. This study aims to identify high-performing cultivars and optimal planting dates for late spring to enhance the competitiveness of cool-season specialty crop growers in North Dakota. The research took place at the NDSU Horticulture Research Farm, near Absaraka, ND, to examine how planting time impacts cultivar performance through field experiments on four planting dates: May 1st, May 15th, June 1st, and June 15th. Early planting of broccoli, particularly in May, resulted in higher yields and better quality across all cultivars. Some cultivars outperformed others. 'Jacaranda' yielded significantly more than any other cultivar, which is a noteworthy. Conversely, 'Gypsy' and 'Monty' had yields similar to the standard cultivar 'Green Magic', while 'Purple Peacock' yielded less across all planting dates, indicating poor adaptation. Early planting benefited all broccoli cultivars, with later dates bringing higher temperatures that negatively impacted head formation and curd size across all cultivars. These elevated temperatures alter key physiological parameters, such as increased transpiration and vapor pressure deficit, while potentially reducing photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal conductance. The physiological changes induced by higher temperatures ultimately lead to accelerated maturation, smaller heads, and reduced overall yields. Notably, early planted broccoli potentially achieved up to 35% higher yields than late-planted crops. The findings provide valuable insights into the relationships between planting dates, temperature effects, and cultivar-specific responses, emphasizing the importance of these factors in maximizing yield and quality for cool-season specialty crop growers in the region.
Speakers
AD

Ajay Dhukuchhu

Graduate Research Assistant, NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
I have developed a great interest in sustainable management practices improving the resiliency of agriculture and ecosystem services to sustain the food production system and ecosystem worldwide, which have long term support in sustainable development. And, I believe maintaining economic... Read More →
Co-authors
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

2:45pm CDT

WUM 2 - Evaluating Nutrient Remediation and Growth of Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Luna Pink Swirl’ in Modified Raingarden Medias
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Runoff containing excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is detrimental to environmental and human health. Bioreactors are biological treatment systems that can be used to combat these problems, which often consist of a lined trench filled with a carbon-rich media (often woodchips) to promote biological remediation through denitrification and other processes. Various carbon-rich organic materials, such as woodchips and sugarcane bagasse (a byproduct of sugarcane production), can be used to fuel biological processes, whereas inorganic materials, such as expanded shale, can provide binding sites for P adsorption as well as physical stability within medias. Raingarden installations utilize similar concepts for trapping runoff water and remediating contaminants; however, the inclusion of ornamental plants provides aesthetic appeal, an important consideration in urban and suburban areas. Seven unique medias were evaluated to determine potential to a.) remediate N and P from runoff and b.) support plant life. An aged pine bark/sand media commonly used for landscape beds (bed mix; BM) served as the control. Organic carbon sources (woodchips (WC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to support bacterial communities) and several inorganic materials (including expanded shale (S) and activated aluminum (AA) to bind P) were blended with BM to provide potential enhancement of nutrient removal capabilities. Media blends were homogenized by hand before being transferred into media containers (MC; 2.36 L of substrate per container), wherein Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Luna Pink Swirl’ seedlings were transplanted. Pots were placed within plastic containers (leachate containers (LC)), which served as a collection receptacle for leachate. Simulated runoff water containing N and P was prepared and applied to each replicate, after which leachate was analyzed and collected as sub-samples. Simulated runoff applications were limited in the initial phase of the study (one application per week; three total) and intensified in the final phase (three applications per week; nine total), with all leachate volumes collected between applications. Health and growth of Hibiscus was assessed via SPAD readings, growth index, and destructive harvest at the termination of the study. While the growth of all Hibiscus replicates was generally equivalent between treatments, it was observed that BM amended with SB produced more shoot biomass. Additionally, leachate nutrient content and water chemistry dynamics were influenced by several of the investigated amendments.
Speakers
BS

Brianna Slade

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
NA
Co-authors
DA

Damon Abdi

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
JF

Jeb Fields

University of Florida
JK

Jeff Kuehny

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
NA
JB

Jeffrey Beasley

University of North Carolina - Pembroke
NA
JP

John Pardue

Louisiana State University
NA
MH

M.P. Hayes

Louisiana State University
NA
MA

Mysha Ahmed

Louisiana State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 3:00pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Water Utilization and Management 2

3:00pm CDT

EcoPhys 1 - From Classic to Cutting-Edge: Optimizing Salinity Tolerance Detection in Brassica juncea
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Salinity stress is a growing concern in agriculture, particularly as climate change accelerates soil salinization and limits freshwater availability. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of classic (low-throughput) versus high-throughput physiological phenotyping methods in detecting early salinity tolerance in Brassica juncea cultivars (‘Carolina Broadleaf’ and ‘Southern Giant Curl’). Traditional phenotyping relies on point measurements such as shoot biomass and leaf gas exchange, which, while valuable, are time-intensive, offer limited temporal resolution, and can be destructive. In contrast, high-throughput phenotyping enables continuous, real-time monitoring of plant physiological responses, providing a dynamic and detailed understanding of stress adaptation mechanisms. We conducted a 42-day experiment in a controlled greenhouse environment, exposing mustard green cultivars to three salinity treatments: control (0.397 dS/m), moderate salinity (10.81 dS/m, ~20% of seawater), and high salinity (24.93 dS/m, ~50% of seawater). The high-throughput PlantArray system was used to measure key physiological parameters, transpiration rates, and net plant weight gain, while traditional phenotyping involved weekly surveys of including stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and biomass accumulation. We found that high-throughput phenotyping allows for earlier and more precise detection of salinity tolerance. Classic methods confirmed significant reductions in biomass, with shoot fresh weight decreasing by up to 80% in high-salinity treatments, but these differences were only detectable at harvest and not before. In contrast, high-throughput phenotyping revealed early signs of osmotic adjustment within the first 20 days, as plants initially maintained transpiration before exhibiting a decline due to ion accumulation. ‘Carolina Broadleaf’ resist moderate salinity, maintaining growth comparable to the control for the first 20 days, suggesting that early harvesting could mitigate yield losses. Overall, this study underscores the advantages of high-throughput phenotyping in improving the precision and efficiency of breeding programs. By integrating continuous physiological measurements, this approach enables earlier and more informed selection of salt-tolerant cultivars, reducing time needed for tolerance screening. Future research should focus on expanding these methods to operational conditions and integrating genomic data to enhance genotype-environment modeling for stress adaptation.
Speakers
RC

Raiza Castillo

University of Florida
Co-authors
CH

Cross Heintzelman

University of Florida
NA
EB

Elias Bassil

University of Cyprus
NA
GS

Gerard Sapes

University of Florida
NA
LT

Laura Torres

University of Floridaa
NA
MM

Marylou Mantova

University of Florida
NA
MC

Melanie Correll

University of Florida
NA
NA

Neus Alcon Bou

University of Florida
WH

William Hammond

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Ecological Physiology 1
  • Subject Ecological Physiology
  • Funding Source USDA SAS CEA: 2506-207-2015906
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

3:00pm CDT

FLOR 1 - Growing Opportunity: Enhancing Dahlia Production for Maryland's Small-Scale Farmers
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Maryland’s cut flower industry represents an expanding sector within the broader U.S. horticultural market, currently valued at $6.69 billion with Maryland alone contributing significantly ($139 million in 2018). Recent surveys conducted at the 2025 Bay Area Fruit School and University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Small Farm Conference-2024 provided critical insights into the demographic diversity, interests, and barriers faced by Maryland cut flower growers. Survey results indicated a diverse population, with participants spanning various ages, experience levels, and farming backgrounds. The largest demographic segment (25%) ranged between 35-44 years, suggesting an active, economically productive age group interested in cut flower production. Notably, the survey underscored a strong existing interest, with half of the respondents expressing a high level of enthusiasm toward cultivating cut flowers. Despite this enthusiasm, significant barriers impede growth and expansion. Key limitations identified included a lack of expertise and technical knowledge (41.7%), limited availability of relevant workshops and training (33.3%), and restricted market access (37.5%). Other reported challenges comprised high production costs (29.2%), pest and disease management issues (25%), limited labor availability (20.8%), and environmental factors such as weather variability and soil conditions. Dahlias emerged from these findings as a particularly promising crop, offering distinct advantages for Maryland farmers, especially those with constrained resources. Due to their delicate blooms and brief vase life, dahlia imports into the U.S. are minimal, primarily limited to pompon varieties. This creates a substantial market gap and an opportunity for local growers to supply diverse, premium-quality blooms tailored to consumer preferences. Consumers increasingly favor locally grown, sustainably produced flowers, especially when sourced directly from local farms, enhancing market potential for dahlias. To enhance dahlia production in Maryland, growers should consider collaborative research trials and evaluations of variety selection, sustainable cultural practices, and integrated pest management strategies under varying conditions, including open fields and protected cultivation such as high tunnels. Developing specialized extension materials, hands-on workshops, and practical demonstrations can also significantly address existing knowledge gaps. Such focused, region-specific guidance and facilitation of access to lucrative markets would empower Maryland's small-scale growers to capitalize fully on the growing demand for locally produced specialty flowers, significantly enhancing their productivity, profitability, and long-term sustainability.
Speakers
ND

Naveen Dixit

University of MD Eastern Shore
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 12B

3:00pm CDT

MKEC - Identifying Boundaries of Profitability in Horticultural Production: Economic
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
As the human population grows in number and in urban locations, global food production will need scale to demand while concurrently minimizing its environmental impact. One possible answer for sustainably meeting future food demand is the adoption of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems. CEA includes indoor, greenhouse, and other types of growing systems that allow for the control of light intensity and duration, temperature, and humidity. As a horticultural approach, CEA has the ability to reduce water use by 95% while occupying 90% less land than traditional field agriculture. CEA also improves growers’ control over crop quality, which contributes to premium prices, while improving yield and reducing waste. Despite this promise, the emergent CEA industry faces a critical challenge: achieving economic feasibility while improving its systemic environmental sustainability; a problem underscored by the energy-intensive nature of the controlled environment. Our study integrates production efficiency with economic and environmental evaluation using a combination of a bioeconomic modeling approach followed by a strategic profitability analysis as well as a life cycle analysis (LCA). A case study was used to develop the spatiotemporal model, integrating three modules: production, labor and economic performance. The model employs a mathematical framework to represent interactions between biological systems, technological settings, and the economic systems that exploit them, which allow for the identification of relationships and production patterns amongst variables. The model’s economic output was then evaluated using the DuPont equations: measures of asset turnover (return on assets [ROA]), leverage (return on equity [ROE]), and profitability (net income/sales). These key performance indicators framed our analysis of the sample farm’s financial health. Finally, the LCA evaluated the farm's externalities across environmental impact multiple categories. The LCA evaluates CEA’s built environment as well as production resource use. The analysis focused on 4 different varieties: romaine, pak choi, red radish and basil. Results show that economically, labor is the most significant operating expense (41%) and environmentally, the crop production stage is the most significant contributor environmentally (due to lighting and HVAC energy use). These results conclude that deployment of automation could improve the financial viability of CEA farms; while investing in energy efficient lighting could reduce CEA’s environmental impact.
Speakers Co-authors
LW

Liping Wang

University of Wyoming
NA
SV

Simone Valle de Souza

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY - EAST LANSING,MI,USA
SD

Sujit Dahal

University of Wyoming
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Marketing and Economics
  • Subject Marketing and Economics
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture - Specialty Crop Research Initiative [grant no. 2019-51181-300]

3:00pm CDT

VCM 3 - Rhizome Growth Dynamics of High Tunnel Ginger in Virginia
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
As a tropical crop, ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes will not fully mature inside high tunnels in Virginia. The objective of this study was to monitor the growth and development of ginger rhizomes throughout the season, as reflected in the fresh and dry weights. The ultimate goal was to determine the harvest time of rhizomes for profitable fresh and dry ginger. Ginger cultivars Bird, Blue Ring, Buffalo Gung, Chinese, Indian, Peruvian Yellow, Red, and Yellow were pre-sprouted in a greenhouse in mid-March of 2024. Sprouted ginger rhizomes were transplanted into raised beds in a 26’ x 150’ high tunnel on May 16, 2024, on Randolph Farm of Virginia State University. The in-row spacing was 1 ft. Monthly destructive samples of 3 plants/cultivar (one in each of the 3 replications) were conducted for fresh and dry weights. Cultivars differed in the rhizome fresh and dry weight over time. Fresh rhizome weight of cultivar Bird, Chinese, Indian, Peruvian Yellow and Yellow reached 0.5 lb/plant 3 months after transplanting (MAT). “Red” had significantly higher percentages of dry weight (> 8%) than other cultivars (< 6%) until 5 MAT, when other cultivars began to catch up. Pooling data from all cultivars, we found that ginger rhizomes will reach 0.5 lb/plant, which is a profitable yield, around 3 MAT. The percentage of dry weight remained low (5.3-5.7%) until 4 MAT, but the number spiked quickly to 8.3 % at 5 MAT and 13.4 at 6 MAT. Our results suggest that young ginger harvest can happen as early as 3 MAT. However, to harvest rhizome for dry ginger, 5 MATs are needed and harvest should occur at the end of season for maximal yield. “Red” is a unique cultivar. It has the lowest yield (1.3 lb/plant), but its percentage of dry weight remained high (8.2-8.8%) for 5 months, compared to all other cultivars (4.4-6.4%).
Speakers
SG

Sanjun Gu

Virginia State University
Co-authors
PC

Peter Coffey

Virginia State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:00pm CDT

WUM 2 - Evaluating Colorado Native Plants for Green Infrastructure: Survivability and Performance in Semi-Arid Bioretention and Green Roof Systems
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Green infrastructures, when implemented, need to consider the specifics of the local area and climate. The semi-arid climate along Colorado’s front range creates a challenge for plants in green infrastructure systems such as bioretention facilities and green roofs. These plants experience inundation and fast infiltration during rain events and long periods of hot and dry conditions between storms. To accommodate these periods of inundation and drought, Colorado native plants were evaluated due to their adaptation to the challenging conditions that occur in green infrastructure. The experiments in this study are intended to build upon existing work performed by our collaborators and funders Mile High Flood District, the City and County of Denver, and Colorado State University. We aim to improve green infrastructure facility design by using new bioretention media mixes, amended native soils with 5% compost (SSC) and amended native soils with biochar and zeolite (SBZ), green roof components/systems, new plant growth and establishment strategies, and lower irrigation regimes. In 2023 and 2024, data on plant survivability were collected from the bioretention facilities and the green roofs using 100 containerized and bare-root plants. The five native Colorado species selected were Agastache rupestris, Liatris ligulistylis, Amorpha canescens, Ratibida pinnata, and Schizachyrium scoparium. L. ligulistylis, in container, had a higher survival rate after one year on the green roof, on the other hand, it had a low survival rate after a year in the bioretention facilities. The bare-root L. ligulistylis had a higher survival rate, especially in the SSC media. A. canescens, bare-root, had a higher survival rate in the SSC media, while only 25% survived in the SBZ media. All other species overwintered and grew larger the second year on the green roof and bioretention facilities. The Colorado native plants tolerated challenging conditions better than the nonnative plants in the surrounding area.
Speakers
AS

Amanda Salerno

Colorado State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 3:15pm CDT
Foster 2

3:00pm CDT

Human Issues in Horticulture Open House
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Tina Waliczek Cade

Tina Waliczek Cade

Texas State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 4:00pm CDT
Collaboration Center, Empire AB

3:00pm CDT

Leadership Fellows Meeting - All Classes
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 4:00pm CDT
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:00pm - 4:00pm CDT
Hort Theater

3:15pm CDT

VCM 3 - The nitrogen requirement for Sweet Corn in the Columbia Basin
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Sweet corn is one of the important high-value crops in the Columbia Basin, and it requires a significant amount of nitrogen (N) input to achieve the optimal yield target. However, with many varieties planted, the N requirements should be evaluated to ensure the economic and environmental sustainability. In a field trial conducted from May to August in Hermiston, OR, six sweet corn varieties were tested under six nitrogen application rates (ranging from 0 to 308 kg N/ha). The results showed that the optimal N rate for maximizing corn yield and marketable ear number was approximately 247 kg/ha across all tested varieties. Among the varieties, Driver R and Sorel produced the highest yields, the most marketable ears, and relatively longer ear lengths, while Turbine had the lowest yield. Megaton had the highest proportion of non-marketable yield, which may reduce its marketable value, although it produced the longest cobs. Multiple-year evaluation is needed to develop a conclusive recommendation for nitrogen fertilization of sweet corn in the region.
Speakers
RQ

Ruijun Qin

Oregon State University
Co-authors
HL

Haoyang Lyu

Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Strand 11B

3:15pm CDT

WUM 2 - Partitioning Evapotranspiration in a Young Pistachio Orchard Using the Conditional Eddy Covariance (CEC) Method in the Mesilla Valley, NM
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Understanding the partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) into soil evaporation and plant transpiration is critical for improving irrigation management in young orchards with limited canopy cover. This study focuses on partitioning ET in a 4-year-old drip irrigated pistachio orchard located in the Mesilla Valley, Southern New Mexico, using the Conditional Eddy Covariance (CEC) method. The orchard is equipped with a high-frequency eddy covariance system along with sensors to make meteorological measurements. The CEC approach was applied to identify and isolate flux contributions under specific atmospheric conditions, thereby separating transpiration-driven and evaporation-driven fluxes. The CEC separates fluxes using conditional sampling based on the hypothesis that when transpiration is dominant, CO₂ and H₂O fluxes should be highly correlated. Preliminary results show that the total ET values measured from June to August varied between 1.5 and 4.5 mm/day, with about 20% contributed through transpiration from the plants in the year 2024.
Speakers
UP

Uduwarage Perera

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
AS

A. Salim Bawazir

New Mexico State University
NA
AF

Alexander Fernald

New Mexico State University
NA
CC

Chris Chavez

New Mexico State University
NA
RH

Richard Heerema

New Mexico State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:15pm - 3:30pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Water Utilization and Management 2

3:30pm CDT

WUM 2 - Seasonal Water Use and Yield Productivity: Comparing Organic vs. Conventional Iceberg Lettuce with Different Irrigation Scheduling Strategies under Surface Drip Irrigation in Yuma, Arizona
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a key winter vegetable with significant consumptive water use in the Lower Colorado River Basin, especially in Yuma, AZ. Generally, lettuce requires about 300 – 400 mm to produce a desirable crop, which can vary significantly depending on irrigation method, soil type, field slope, temperatures, and planting window. However, the magnitude of the quantified differences in seasonal evapotranspiration and crop water productivity among different irrigation scheduling strategies under the subsurface drip irrigation method for organic vs. conventional iceberg lettuce production systems has not been sufficiently investigated. Field experiments were conducted in the fall 2024 growing season at the Valley Research Center at the University of Arizona Yuma Agricultural Center, Yuma, Arizona. This project was conducted in a one-acre field (half-acre organic field and the other half conventional field) under the subsurface drip irrigation method with two irrigation scheduling strategies (sensor-based irrigation (SI) and traditional irrigation (TI) based on growers' standard decision basis that is common in the Yuma area. The field was planted with the iceberg lettuce variety SVLD0023 on October 29th, 2024, on Gadsden clay loam soil. The fertilizer treatments imposed included (1) organic fertilizer, (2) combined biostimulant and organic fertilizer in an organic lettuce field, (3) nitrogen, and (4) combined biostimulant and nitrogen in a conventional lettuce field. Each treatment was replicated three times within each experimental block. Each experimental unit had three beds, and each bed was approximately 120 feet long and 3.5 feet wide, with a randomized complete block design. The objectives of this project include: (1) quantify and compare the seasonal iceberg lettuce evapotranspiration between organic and conventional iceberg lettuce production systems, (2) measure and compare the crop water productivity, and irrigation water use efficiency between two irrigation scheduling strategies for organic and conventional iceberg lettuce production systems, and (3) quantify and compare improvements in soil water retention under the combined application of biostimulant and organic fertilizers in organic lettuce versus the combined application of biostimulant and nitrogen in conventional lettuce. Data collection is currently in progress and will be analyzed in a manner consistent with the experimental design and the objectives of the study. Results will be presented with preliminary conclusions and directions for further research.
Speakers
AM

Ali Mohammed

University of Arizona/Yuma Ag Center
Dr. Ali Mohammed is an Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist in the School of Plant Sciences at the University of Arizona, based at the Yuma Agricultural Center. His work focuses on advancing sustainable organic agricultural practices in arid desert regions and holds statewide... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:30pm - 3:45pm CDT
Foster 2

3:59pm CDT

CE 4 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
NM

Neil Mattson

Cornell University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

3:59pm CDT

HIH - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
avatar for Elizabeth Diehl

Elizabeth Diehl

Director of Therapeutic Horticulture, University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

3:59pm CDT

OPB - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
NK

Navdeep Kaur

Texas A&M University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Strand 12A

3:59pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
GS

Guo-qing Song

Michigan State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Foster 1

3:59pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Oral Session
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Presiding/Moderator
CM

Chris Marble

University of Florida/IFAS
Wednesday July 30, 2025 3:59pm - 4:00pm CDT
Foster 2

4:00pm CDT

CE 4 - Multimodal Deep Learning for Lettuce Growth Forecasting to Enhance Resource Use Efficiency in CEA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Regulating the microclimate to achieve the desired crop quality and yield demands substantial resource consumption, making it essential to optimize resource use. AI models can be used to forecast future plant development based on microclimate conditions, allowing controllers to preemptively adjust climate settings to optimize growth and resource consumption. However, the current paradigm of microclimate controller lacks AI-assisted feedback to predict how crops respond to dynamic climate conditions (crop × environment interactions). Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an AI-assisted predictive analytics system that can support decision-making processes. This study presents a multimodal deep learning approach for forecasting lettuce growth in CEA using both microclimate (aerial and rootzone) and early-stage plant image data. We employed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to model the temporal dependencies of microclimate variables such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Further, we integrated image and microclimate data into the multimodal growth predictor to enhance T-days ahead prediction accuracy by capturing visual and temporal cues of plant growth and development. The model effectively predicted the lettuce growth trend using multimodal data, achieving high accuracy in its forecasts for the next few days. The combined use of LSTM and image data provides an efficient framework for forecasting lettuce growth, offering valuable insights for optimizing resource use in CEA.
Speakers
AZ

Azlan Zahid

Assistant Professor, Texas A&M University
AI and Robotics for CEA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Strand 12B

4:00pm CDT

HIH - Using Nearby Nature to Increase Health
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
The role of nature in improving health is being explored in a growing number of healthcare fields. At the University of Florida, programs using nature-based interventions include physical medicine and rehabilitation, oncology, addiction recovery, Parkinson’s Disease, mental health, and autism, among others. These expanding program opportunities are slowly but steadily moving nature into the domain of public health. Some of the more recognizable examples of this trend are therapeutic gardens and nature prescriptions but there are many other ways to use nature to boost health in cities around the world. Spending time in green spaces (plant-dominated) and blue spaces (water-dominated) is linked to improved life satisfaction, reduced anxiety, and increased happiness. Nature exists on a spectrum and whether experiencing ‘big’ nature or ‘micro’ nature, high quality contact generates an increase in positive emotions and feelings of vitality, a decrease in negative emotions, relief from mental fatigue, and an improvement in our attention span. This presentation will explore research that highlights the health benefits of nature interaction, the primary components of high-quality nature experiences, and the key factors in connecting people and nature.
Speakers
avatar for Elizabeth Diehl

Elizabeth Diehl

Director of Therapeutic Horticulture, University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Strand 11A

4:00pm CDT

OPB - Loropetalum Genome Size Survey
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Loropetalum chinense, is a popular ornamental shrub known for its distinctive flowers and foliage color. Due to its aesthetic appeal and adaptability, Loropetalum is widely used in landscaping and has become an important crop for U.S. nurseries. However, limited understanding of genetic diversity among cultivars presents challenges for breeding efforts, as genome size and ploidy levels play a crucial role in hybridization success and in determining phenotypic traits such as flower size, color, and plant vigor. This study aimed to measure the ploidy levels and relative genome sizes of a wide range of Loropetalum cultivars in the U.S. to inform future breeding strategies. Flow cytometry was used to determine genome size and estimated ploidy, and chromosome countings were performed to validate the ploidy data. A total of 33 accessions were inspected, with 32 found to be diploids and one triploid. The 1Cx genome size ranged from 2.42 to 3.06 pg across cultivars. These results provide a foundational knowledge on ploidy and genome size variation in the Loropetalum germplasm that would benefit future Loropetalum breeding decisions.
Speakers
RS

Rick Shih

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
HC

Hsuan Chen

North Carolina State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Strand 12A

4:00pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × anannassa duch.) with GFP visual selection
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
The origin of the cultivated strawberry traces to the 1700s, when representatives of the octoploids F. chiloensis and F. virginiana – previously brought to Europe from South and North America, respectively – were grown in proximity in European horticultural gardens. Cross-pollination produced hybrids that were quickly recognized for their unique and desirable combinations of morphological and fruit characteristics and were brought into cultivation and breeding (Hancock 1999). Traditional breeding objectives are the following (Rosati 1993): a production of relatively large berry size in order to limit the cost of harvest, a firmer fruit with regular shape and long shelf life, which is easy to harvest, an increase in the total yield, an improvement in fruit appearance (color, shape, brightness), and disease resistances. The recent origin makes F. ananassa one of the youngest of contemporary crop species. Bottle neck existing in strawberry traditional breeding is that it is difficult to manipulate single genes to control strawberry characteristics, modern genetic transformation and genome editing technology provide promising ways for single gene control in strawberry. Diploid strawberry transformation has been reported, limited report was available for transformation of octoploid cultivated strawberry. We report an efficient Agrobacterium mediated strawberry transformation system with the aid of GFP visual selection. First three open leaves from 4 weeks old in vitro plants were harvested, and leaflets were separated from each other and inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens GAV3101 contains a binary vector with GFP and hygromycin resistance genes. Transgenic callus and shoots obtained with GFP visual selection with high efficiency. PCR double check proved transgenes in transgenic plants. Transgenic plants are phenotyping in the greenhouse.
Speakers
KK

Kedong Ka

North Carolina State University
Director of plant transformation lab at North Carolina State University
Co-authors
AN

Anna Nelson

North Carolina State University
NA
HL

Huani Leng

North Carolina State University
NA
SC

Seth Cockman

North Carolina State University
NA
SM

Sydney McLennan

North Carolina State University
NA
TY

Tianbao Yang

USDA-ARS
NA
WL

Wusheng Liu

North Carolina State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Plant Biotechnology 2
  • Subject Plant Biotechnology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source USDA-ARS
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

4:00pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Effect of seed placement on the efficacy of rice hulls for control of 5 common nursery weed species
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Many types of mulch have been shown to reduce weed growth in container crops. In the past, mulch use in nurseries was not as feasible due to its high cost, but as costs of hand weeding increase, labor shortages become more severe, and environmental awareness rises, utilization of mulch has become more popular in recent years. Parboiled rice hulls are a waste product of the rice industry and are dry rice husks removed from rice grains. They are light weight, hydrophobic and make for an ideal mulch choice in container nursery production and have been previously evaluated for use as a weed management tool in container nurseries. However, research was typically conducted on a limited number of species and studies were performed in greenhouses or other protected structures. The objective of this research was to evaluate rice hulls for control of five common nursery species in an outdoor environment in Florida during the summer season. Nursery pots (1.7 L) were filled with a standard pinebark based potting soil and amended with standard control release fertilizers via incorporation. Upon filling, pots received one of three levels of rice hulls, 0 cm or the non-treated control, 1.3 cm, or 2.5 cm. To test efficacy, approximately 30 seeds of crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora), longstalk Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus), spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata), or eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) were sown either above or below the rice hull mulch layers mentioned above. Data collected included weed coverage ratings (0 to 100%) at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after planting (WAP) and shoot dry weights at 12 WAP. Few differences were observed among the different depths of mulch when seeds were placed below. For seeds placed on top of the mulch, the higher 2.5 cm depth generally provided greater control. For all 5 weed species, control significantly increased when seeds were placed on top of the mulch compared to seeds beneath the mulch layer. Control, as measured by a percent reduction in shoot weight compared to the non-mulched control, ranged from 80 to 100% for seeds placed on top compared with decreases of 0 to 40% when seeds were placed below mulch. Overall, data suggest that because rice hulls are more effective on weed seeds placed on top of the mulch layer, growers would likely see increased efficacy when mulching as soon as possible after potting.
Speakers
CM

Chris Marble

University of Florida/IFAS
Co-authors
YK

Yuvraj Khamare

The University of Florida
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 4:15pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Weed Control and Pest Management 2

4:00pm CDT

Artificial Intelligence in Horticultural Crop Breeding (Interest Group Session)
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 6:00pm CDT
The need to improve crops has never been critical with the rising population and climate change resulting in high abiotic stress and disease pressures in production areas. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches have been implemented in the context of plant breeding and crop improvement. Modern AI tools hold the promise of accelerating the development of resilient, higher-yielding, and more sustainable horticultural crops, by rendering a deeper understanding of complex genetic systems and phenotypes, and how these interact with their environment to express desirable traits. As an approach, AI is an important component of the plant breeding toolbox which may now currently be an indispensable addition to modern vegetable breeding programs. For example, AI allows for the prediction of phenotypic values through genetic markers, and this allows plant breeders to perform selection even before the trials are conducted in the field. The ASHS Vegetable Breeding and Interest Group seeks to provide research updates from experts who have worked on the applications of AI in crop breeding and genetic improvement. The workshop will provide a summary of various AI methodologies, recent advances, and render opportunities for future collaboration and research directions in the implementation of AI in vegetable breeding programs. Objectives 1. Summarize the different AI approaches used in breeding and genetic improvement of various traits in vegetables 2. Provide the attendees with recent advances in AI for plant breeding 3. Discuss future research directions and applications of AI in plant breeding programs The workshop will be conducted during the annual ASHS meeting (July 28- August 1, 2025) in New Orleans, Louisiana. The workshop will be in-person. Audience: The workshop will be open to all ASHS attendees (both public and private sectors) and will be interactive.

Moderators: Dennis Lozada, New Mexico State University
Devi Kandel, Langston University

Speakers:
  • Cheryl Dalid, University of Florida - Leveraging Phenomics and Genomics Data in Strawberry Breeding
  • Stephen Ficklin, Washington State University - Towards Identification of Biomarkers for Environmentally-controlled Traits
  • Madhi Haghshenas-Jaryani, New Mexico State University - AI-enabled Agricultural Robots and Intelligent Machines for Precision Farming of Chile Pepper Cultivation in New Mexico
  • Tanzeel Rehman, Auburn University - AI-Driven High-Throughput Phenotyping for Assessing Physiological Stress in Blueberry
  • Kevin Wang, University of Florida - AI-Powered Phenomics: Accelerating Breeding Across Horticultural Crops

Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 6:00pm CDT
Strand 11B

4:00pm CDT

Workshop: Horticultural Perspectives on Huanglongbing (HLB) Disease in Citrus: Strategies for Sustaining Orchard Health and Productivity
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 6:30pm CDT
Workshop Summary for Conference Program
Huanglongbing (HLB), commonly known as citrus greening disease, continues to challenge citrus growers and researchers worldwide. Its devastating impact on tree health, fruit quality, and overall orchard longevity makes it essential to explore adaptive horticultural strategies that can sustain production in affected regions. This workshop provides an in-depth exploration of the horticultural approaches being used to mitigate the effects of HLB, with a focus on real-world applications and current research. The content is designed to equip participants with actionable insights into how orchard management can be adjusted to maintain tree vigor and maximize productivity despite HLB pressure. Topics will include:

Physiological impacts of HLB on citrus growth and development: Understanding how the disease disrupts water, nutrient, and carbohydrate transport, and its implications for tree management.
Nutritional and irrigation strategies: Optimizing inputs to support trees with compromised root systems and reduce stress.

Soil amendments and root health: Exploring the role of organic matter, compost, biochar, soil conditioners, and microbial inoculants in enhancing soil health and nutrient availability to support stressed trees.
Canopy and crop load management: Best practices for pruning, thinning, and canopy maintenance to enhance light interception, reduce disease severity, and promote new growth.
Rootstock and scion selection: Insights into tolerant or better-performing combinations under HLB pressure, and how rootstock choice can influence disease expression.
Replant and tree replacement strategies: Managing orchard renewal while dealing with persistent disease pressure.
Cultural practices integration: How horticultural management intersects with pest control (e.g., Asian citrus psyllid suppression), disease diagnostics, and emerging technologies.

Workshop Format:
This workshop will include:
-Expert presentations from researchers, university extension specialists, and industry professionals sharing the latest findings and innovations.
-Grower case studies detailing the successful implementation of horticultural practices in HLB-endemic orchards.
-Interactive Q&A sessions and moderated discussions to encourage knowledge exchange and problem-solving tailored to regional conditions.
Learning Objectives:

By the end of the workshop, participants will be able to:
  • Identify the key horticultural impacts of HLB on citrus trees.
  • Apply practical orchard management techniques including soil amendments and nutrient strategies to mitigate disease effects.
  • Make informed decisions about rootstock, scion, canopy, and irrigation strategies.
  • Integrate horticultural practices with broader HLB management approaches for sustainable production.
Speakers:
  • Chater, John M. jchater@ufl.edu “Cultivar selection, OTC trunk injection, and nutrition are important horticultural strategies under observation for HLB mitigation in Florida”
  • Wang,Nian nianwang@ufl.edu  “Genetic determinants underneath the Candidatus Liberibacter-triggered immune disease development of citrus Huanglongbing and its control”
  • Killiny,Nabil nabilkilliny@ufl.edu  “Achieving the traditional control strategies through biotechnological approaches for sustainability: Attract-and-Kill and Repellency to control Asian citrus Psyllid”
  • Albrecht,Ute ualbrecht@ufl.edu “Integrating trunk injection of oxytetracycline with other practices to sustain tree health and productivity under HLB-endemic conditions”
  • Chandrika Ramadugu chandram@ucr.edu “Citrus Huanglongbing - use of disease tolerant and resistant varieties for sustainable cultivation.”
  • Vincent,Christopher I civince@ufl.edu “Mitigating the physiological impact of huanglongbing by shading.”
  • Dutt, Manjul manjul@ufl.edu “Rooted in Resistance: Breeding the Next Generation of HLB-Resilient Citrus rootstocks”
  • Ashraf El-kereamy (ashrafe@ucr.edu) “Cultural practices to control HLB in California”
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:00pm - 6:30pm CDT
Strand 10

4:15pm CDT

CE 4 - Comparison of AI-driven and conventional climate control strategies for greenhouse tomato production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Greenhouse tomato production with high-wire system and indeterminate tomato cultivars facilitates year-round production with high quality and productivity. However, maintaining optimal climate conditions in greenhouse is expensive due to high operational costs. Optimizing climate control strategies requires in-depth understanding of controlling systems, outdoor climate, and plant physiology. But skilled and experienced growers may not always be available. Artificial intelligent-driven climate control (AI) has been emerged as a potential solution. Yet, few trials have conducted, which may not be at an equivalent scale as the industry and following the industry standard. To address this gap, we compared AI and conventional climate control strategies (human decision-based; CV) for greenhouse tomato production in two identical high-tech greenhouse compartments (namely, AI and CV each with 481.7 m²) over 145 days after the final transplanting with management practices established by commercial growers. Each compartment had 420 plants of the indeterminant cultivar Maxxiany at a planting density of 3 plants m⁻². The AI algorithms were developed using datasets from commercial growers and a digital twin via physiology-informed neural network (photosynthesis and transpiration modules). Leaf pruning in AI was determined based on weekly light integral below canopy (Kim and Kubota, 2025), while CV followed conventional pruning based on harvesting trusses. To evaluate the performance of AI, parameters for crop development, yield, and fruit quality were collected in addition to environmental conditions and resource usage for lighting, cooling, heating, and fertigation. AI maintained relatively higher day and night temperature with high heating pipes temperature and keeping windows closed. AI also resulted in more leaves within canopy from fewer leaf pruning compared to CV. Those contributed to increase in cumulative irrigation volume (936 vs. 785 l m⁻² for AI and CV) and thus total fertilizer use (878 vs. 639 g m⁻²). AI used more natural gas for heating (190 vs.79 MJ m⁻²) and more electricity for supplemental lighting (91.4 vs. 80.4 kWh m⁻²). However, AI had higher cumulative yield (9.3 ± 0.3 vs. 8.5 ± 0.3 kg m⁻²) and greater PAR-based productivity (grams of fruits per PAR mol; 4.1 vs 3.6 g mol⁻¹). These findings suggest that AI increased resources use (water, fertilizer, natural gas, and electricity) but also resulted in higher yields as a trade-off. Further optimization of AI’s algorithms regarding fertigation and heating strategies may improve economic feasibility of AI application in greenhouse tomato production.
Speakers
CK

Changhyeon Kim

University of Connecticut
Co-authors
CK

Chieri Kubota

The Ohio State University
KT

Kenneth Tran

Koidra Inc.
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Strand 12B
  Oral presentation, Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 4
  • Subject Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments
  • Funding Source This project is supported by the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (grant no. 2022-51181-38324, Project ADVANCEA) from the US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
  • Funding Option SCRI funded all or part of the research associated with this abstract

4:15pm CDT

HIH - Indigenous Perceptions Of Agrivoltaics In The Navajo Nation: Insights From A Community-Based Assessment
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
The dissemination of agrivoltaic technology within Indigenous communities remains insufficiently understood, posing significant challenges to its successful implementation. As agrivoltaic systems continue to expand across the United States, it is imperative to examine how different social groups perceive and accept this technology. The Navajo Nation, the largest Indigenous tribe in the U.S., spans the Four Corners region, with the San Juan River Valley serving as a critical agricultural hub. To evaluate the feasibility of agrivoltaic adoption within this context, a sub-study was conducted as part of a broader Indigenous farmers’ needs assessment, focusing specifically on Navajo farmers in the San Juan River Valley. This study employed a qualitative survey consisting of eight binary-response questions to assess participants' knowledge of and interest in agrivoltaics. Results indicate that only 6% (n=126) of respondents were previously familiar with agrivoltaics, yet 88% expressed interest in learning more about the technology upon receiving an explanation. Furthermore, 73% of respondents were interested in exploring the use of photovoltaic systems to support their farms’ energy needs, although only 12% had prior experience with solar energy systems, underscoring key barriers to adoption. These findings suggest that agrivoltaic systems hold promise as a strategy for enhancing both local support for renewable energy development and food security within the Navajo Nation. However, significant knowledge gaps and limited technical expertise present obstacles to widespread implementation. The results emphasize the necessity of targeted educational and training programs to facilitate the successful integration of agrivoltaic systems. Without such efforts, adoption may remain limited due to a lack of familiarity and technical proficiency. Ultimately, this research underscores the potential for agrivoltaics to contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and renewable energy expansion within the Navajo Nation, highlighting the critical role of knowledge transfer and capacity-building initiatives in ensuring long-term success.
Speakers
EM

Emiliano McLane

New Mexico State University
Emiliano McLane (Newe) is from the Tosawihi clan of the Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone and was primarily raised on the South Fork Indian Reservation near Jiggs, Nevada. He is also a descendant of the Pomo, Wailaki, and Nomlaki tribes and spent part of his upbringing on his father’s... Read More →
Co-authors
DE

Don Edgar

New Mexico State University
NA
KL

Kevin Lombard

New Mexico State University
Kevin Lombard is a Professor of Horticulture and Research Director of the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, a 250 acre research farm uniquely located on the Navajo Nation. His research encompasses specialty crop evaluations including grapes, fruit... Read More →
OL

Olga Lavrova

New Mexico State University
NA
SN

Shannon Norris Parish

New Mexico State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Strand 11A

4:15pm CDT

OPB - Bridging Breeding and Design: An Innovative Model for Anthurium Cut Flower Varietal Development
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
The University of Hawaii's anthurium breeding program established a partnership with floral design professionals, transitioning from informal collaboration in 2016 to a formalized Professional Advisory Team (PAT) in 2021. This collaboration integrates established phenotypic selection practices with artistic design expertise to enhance new variety development. The PAT, comprising influential floral designers and growers, provides essential feedback on spathe and spadix color, conformation, and size at the early flowering stage, directly influencing breeding decisions, such as advancement to cloning and field evaluation, thereby ensuring market relevance. By incorporating designer insights from the seedling stage through advanced testing, the program prioritizes selection based on perceived market demands. Grower feedback during field testing focuses on plant vigor, pest and disease resistance, ease of shipping and customer acceptance. The breeding program released three new cultivars developed with the model, at national floral design events, including the AIFD symposium and Fresh Floral Expo; social media and trade publications covered the varietal release events. Integrating grower feedback, a long-standing practice, with the new design-focused evaluations strengthens the breeding program’s ability to produce new varieties which meet the needs of growers, designers, and consumers.
Speakers
avatar for Teresita Amore

Teresita Amore

University of Hawaii
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Strand 12A

4:15pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Functional analysis of blueberry TFL1 and FD using RNAi
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Flowering plays a crucial role in blueberry production since fruits develop from flowers. In plants, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), which interact with the bZIP transcription factor FD, are central regulators of flowering. This study investigates the roles of their homologs in blueberries, VcTFL1 and VcFD, using RNA interference (RNAi) to silence these genes. Two RNAi constructs, VcFD-RNAi and VcTFL1-RNAi, were introduced into the northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivar ‘Aurora’ via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Phenotypic analysis of first-generation (T0) transgenic plants accessed flowering time, architecture, fruit and leaf bud development, plant height, and branching. Preliminary results revealed that VcFD-RNAi plants produced fewer shoots, while VcTFL1-RNAi plants exhibited reduced branching per shoot compared to nontransgenic ‘Aurora’ controls. Significant differences in leaf bud number were also observed between nontransgenic and transgenic lines. VcFD-RNAi plants were smaller than nontransgenic ‘Aurora’ plants, whereas no significant size difference was detected between VcTFL1-RNAi and wild-type plants. Transcriptomic comparisons between nontransgenic ‘Aurora’ and transgenic lines revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The VcFD-RNAi vs. nontransgenic ‘Aurora’ identified 2,108 DEGs, including 49 flowering-related genes, 116 genes hormone pathway genes, and 57 sugar metabolism genes. Similarly, the VcTFL1-RNAi vs. nontransgenic ‘Aurora’ uncovered 2,030 DEGs, with 52 flowering-related, 111 hormone-related, and 55 sugar-metabolism-associated genes. Ongoing analyses of these DEGs aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying VcFD- and VcTFL1-mediated flowering regulation of flowering and development in blueberry. This study will reveal the functional roles of VcFD and VcTFL1, offering potential targets for genetic improvement of blueberry architecture and yield.
Speakers
JJ

Jirapa Jaikham

Michigan State University
Co-authors
GS

Guo-qing Song

Michigan State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Foster 1

4:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Comparison of Postemergence Herbicide Efficacies Under Elevated and Normal Temperature for Controlling Large Crabgrass in Ornamental Production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Elevated temperatures can intensify weed issues by accelerating weed growth and germination, especially for C4 species, due to their heat tolerance and efficient carbon fixations, making their control more challenging. Temperature also influences herbicide absorption, translocation, and metabolism. Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), a highly problematic C4 weed, poses a significant threat to nursery and field-grown ornamentals under these conditions. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of postemergence herbicides at different rates (0.5X, 1X, 2X) under normal and elevated temperatures for managing large crabgrass in ornamental production. Experiments were conducted in summer and fall 2024 using a growth chamber and an open hoop house setup. Large crabgrass seeds were sown in pots filled with standard substrate, irrigated, and placed in separate growth chambers where temperatures were maintained at normal (22–28°C) and at 2-5°C above the species’ optimum range (28-34°C). Once weeds reached the 3–6 leaf stage, they were transferred to an open hoop house for herbicide application. Postemergence herbicides such as topramezone and glyphosate were applied at 0.5X, 1X, and 2X rates using a CO₂ backpack sprayer. After the restricted entry interval, treated weeds were placed back to their respective growth chambers and maintained there for four weeks. A control treatment without herbicide application was maintained in both growth chambers. Weed control ratings were visually assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) using a 0–10 scale, where 0 = no control (green foliage, upright growth, no damage) and 10 = complete plant death (dark brown foliage, no green tissue, collapsed structure)). At 4 WAT, all weeds were harvested, and dry weight of aboveground parts of weed was recorded. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with eight replications per treatment and was repeated twice. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in SAS 9.4, and treatment means were separated using Fisher’s LSD test. The results showed that at 4 WAT glyphosate weed control efficacy at normal temperature was 88% which reduced to 73% under elevated temperature condition. Whereas the high temperature increased topramezone efficacy by 10%. The lowest amount of weed dry weight was observed at 2X rates in high temperature conditions, but no difference was observed among rates at normal temperature. Hence it can be concluded that with an increase in temperature, higher rates of the tested herbicides will be required for effective weed management in ornamentals.
Speakers
avatar for Supti Saha Mou

Supti Saha Mou

Michigan State University
Co-authors
DS

Debalina Saha

Michigan State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:15pm - 4:30pm CDT
Foster 2

4:30pm CDT

CE 4 - Forecasting Plant Growth Patterns Dynamics in Controlled Environment Agriculture through Vision-Based Phenotyping and Time-Series Modeling
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
In controlled environment agriculture (CEA), accurate yield forecasting remains challenging due to reliance on environmental sensor data, which fails to capture plants’ dynamic morphological responses to growth conditions. This study bridges the gap by establishing a vision-based framework to forecast plant growth dynamics through automated phenotyping and time-series modeling. A plant phenotype monitoring framework was implemented using commercially available cameras and off-the-shelf deep learning-based models (YOLO). The robustness of the YOLO and time-series models was evaluated under various treatment conditions, including salt stress and variations in root architecture, in hydroponic greenhouse trials across two seasons. Top-view images of the plants were collected using GoPro and Raspberry Pi cameras, and different YOLOv8 instance segmentation model variants were trained on four image datasets to extraction of morphological traits such as area, major, and minor axes. Results indicated that YOLOv8 generalized well, achieving mAP50 for bounding boxes and masks in the range of 0.897 – 0.952 and 0.896 – 0.947, respectively. Plants with split root systems exhibited superior growth under the highest salt stress levels compared to single-root systems. Comparisons between physical measurements and image-derived parameters such as major and minor axes yielded high R² values of 0.85 and 0.92 for single-root systems, and 0.90 and 0.84 for split root systems. Additionally, the area parameter obtained from images showed an R² of 0.882 when compared with plant fresh weight. Area parameters were forecasted using an ARIMA model over 2-, 4-, and 8-day windows, evaluated using MAPE. The lowest MAPE values (3.99 in the fall and 1.70 in the spring) were attained by single-root plants under salt stress when projected for two days. The forecasted area values demonstrated R² values of 0.623, 0.671, and 0.75 for the 2-, 4-, and 8-day forecast windows respectively when compared with fresh weight, indicating that the area parameter is a reliable predictor of yield. These findings confirm that morphological changes capture environmental influences and can be reliably forecasted, introducing a scalable, data-driven method to predict yield in CEA while helping growers optimize resource usage and reduce productivity risks.
Speakers
MH

Md Hasibur Rahman

Auburn University
Co-authors
TR

Tanzeel Rehman

AUBURN UNIVERSITY
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

4:30pm CDT

HIH - The effect of a school gardening program on horticultural career interest, environmental locus of control, and climate anxiety among elementary-aged students
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Climate anxiety among children is on the rise and research shows that discussing the issues and empowering youth are some ways to approach the issue. Historically, school gardens were used to teach children many subjects while addressing environmental issues and while fostering a love of plants and ecosystems. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of a 10-week outdoor, after-school youth gardening education program for first through third-grade students, specifically evaluating the effects on horticulture interest, environmental locus of control, and climate anxiety before and after participation in the program. The treatment group participated in an outdoor gardening program that involved hands-on learning related to growing plants and providing sustainable habitats while working through measures to create a National Wildlife Schoolyard Habitat as well as a recognized San Marcos Certified Habitat Stewardship Program landscape. The control group participated in the pre- and post-survey only and was not a part of the outdoor gardening or wildlife certification program, but was involved in other after-school activities offered at the elementary school. The survey questions were adopted from pre-determined, reliable, and valid instruments as well as adjusted for reading levels. Surveys utilized 5-point Likert scale questions with answer options employing emoticons that ranged from happy to sad. Pre- and post-survey data was analyzed through The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests and descriptive statistics. Data from this study determined the potential for school programs to increase horticultural interest in schools while empowering youth to make positive environmental action.
Speakers
MB

Mackenzie Bark

Texas State University
NA
Co-authors
TW

Tina Waliczek Cade

Texas State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

4:30pm CDT

OPB - Genomics and phenomics variation of dwarf gladiolus for the potted plant market
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Gladiolus(-i), Gladiolus ×hybridus (Iridaceae), is a tetraploid, asexually-propagated, herbaceous perennial floricultural crop. Gladiolus is in the top five cut flower crops in the world for use in floral design. Despite their ability to widely intercross with dwarf stature wild type species, gladiolus have not been developed for the potted plant market. The objective of this analysis is to identify potential genetic marker(s) related to dwarfism to direct future breeding efforts towards the gladiolus potted plant market. In this study we examine 2,662 unique gladiolus cultivars and numbered selections using DNA marker-based analysis. Samples were collected from the public (University of Minnesota) and private (Meyer, Otto) sector gladiolus breeding programs in Minnesota and elsewhere in Europe. A total of 194 dwarfs (90cm) genotypes were identified in our analysis. Dwarfs were defined as being less than 90cm in height of the entire plant including inflorescence at first bloom. Population genetic diversity was analyzed using 17,556 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) low-density markers using DArTseq technology. After filtering call rates at the 95% level a total of 2,026 SNPs remained, separating genotypes into 177 dwarfs and 2,235 standard individuals. No private alleles were found when comparing dwarfs to standards. When we narrowed the definition of dwarf to those
Speakers
MA

Marie Abbey

University of Minnesota
Marie Abbey is a researcher at the University of Minnesota Horticultural Science department. She has studied perceptions of biotechnology, invasive plant species, and aquaponics. Her current research is in flower breeding and molecular genetics.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Strand 12A
  Oral presentation, Ornamental Plant Breeding

4:30pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Chitosan-dsRNA Nanocomplex: A Stable and Effective sprayable RNAi-based Solution for Fungicides Resistant B. cinerea Management
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Botrytis cinerea is the second most economically important fungal phytopathogen causing gray mold disease. Multiple fungicide-resistant B. cinerea strains have also been reported, especially in strawberries, raspberries, grapes, and tomatoes. RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism in all known eukaryotes. The exogenous application of dsRNAs to knock down the target organism's essential genes is called spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). This non-transgenic SIGS-based approach has emerged as an appealing alternative biofungicide. Despite the great potential of sprayable RNAi-based pesticides, this innovative technology encountered challenges. The low stability and the limited uptake efficiency of dsRNA are significant challenges facing SIGS. Nanomaterials-based delivery systems and structured modification of dsRNA molecules could be innovative SIGS approaches for improving its stability, uptake efficiency, and biofungicidal efficacy. This study aims to develop sprayable RNAi (SIGS) solutions by modifying dsRNA structure and using chitosan-based nanoparticles to control fungicide-resistant B. cinerea. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were generated using ionic gelation, and different forms of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), either linear or secondary-structured, were loaded into them. The positive charges from the amine groups present in chitosan facilitated the self-assembly of the CNPs-dsRNA complex through electrostatic attraction. The stability of CNPs-dsRNAs complexes was evaluated ex-vivo by incubating naked-dsRNAs and complex-dsRNAs with the RNase A. Gel retardation assay revealed that CNPs-dsRNA complex of either linear or secondary structured-dsRNAs exhibited substantial protection of dsRNA from RNase A degradation for up to 72 hours, suggesting its potential for improving stability and long-lasting efficacy. The CNPs-dsRNAs significantly reduced the mycelial growth of wild-type and fungicide-resistant B. cinerea isolates. The results from this study indicated that chitosan-based polymer could be an effective delivery technology for both linear and secondary-structured dsRNA and hold great promise for the management of gray mold diseases.
Speakers
MA

Md Al Mamun

University of Tennessee
Co-authors
TI

Tabibul Islam

University of Tennessee, Knoxville
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Foster 1

4:30pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Implementing Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation On-farm for the Management of Soilborne Pests and Pathogens in High Tunnel Production Systems
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Intensive cultivation in high tunnel production systems is leading to the emergence of soilborne pest and pathogen issues which over time can compromise crop productivity and profitability. Growers facing such challenges are in search of sustainable and effective solutions capable of suppressing soilborne pests and pathogens while preserving soil health. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a broad-spectrum pre-planting biological approach proposed for the management of soilborne issues affecting high-value specialty crops. ASD is applied by incorporating in the soil readily labile organic amendments as a carbon (C) source, tarping the soil with an impermeable film, and irrigating the soil to saturation. Although ASD already proved to be effective against a range of soilborne pests and pathogens across different US regions, crops, and production systems, its adoption at commercial scale remains relatively limited. Factors hindering the adoption of ASD include application cost, complexity of microbial driven processes, and lack of knowledge of the method, its implementation steps, and its efficacy and benefits. Capitalizing on over six years of research aimed at optimizing the ASD application method and its integration in high tunnel production systems in Pennsylvania, a series of on-farm ASD applications were conducted over the 2023 and 2024 growing season with the purpose of demonstrating the technology and let growers evaluate first-hand its viability and efficacy. The on-farm trials were conducted on selected farms growing vegetables and small-berries in high tunnels and employing both conventional and organic production methods. Raised-bed and broadcast application were tested along with the use of clear and black film. Wheat middlings alone or in combination with feed-grade sugarcane molasses were tested as C sources testing different soil incorporation equipment and methods. Depending on the specific crop system, and the grower planting schedule, ASD was applied between the end of the Spring (before a late high tunnel crop planting) and mid-October (after an early high tunnel crop). Parameters measured included soil redox potential, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and mineral nitrogen. The level of anaerobiosis achieved varied depending on the amount of labile carbon applied, the type of tarp used, and the temperature levels achieved. High levels of cumulative soil redox potential were achieved and the use of clear film allowed to achieve relatively higher soil temperatures and cumulative redox potential levels in most on-farm applications. Additional demonstration efforts are needed to facilitate the adoption of ASD and demonstrate its efficacy.
Speakers
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
BG

Beth Gugino

Pennsylvania State University
NA
CR

Caterina Roman

Pennsylvania State University
NA
CS

Claudia Schmidt

Pennsylvania State University
NA
ER

Erin Rosskopf

USDA-ARS U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory
NA
JO

Joe Ono-Raphel

Pennsylvania State University
NA
KD

Kathy Demchak

Pennsylvania State University
NA
LF

Leah Fronk

Penn State Extension
NA
MK

Mihail Kantor

Pennsylvania State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:30pm - 4:45pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Weed Control and Pest Management 2
  • Subject Weed Control and Pest Management
  • Funding Source USDA-NIFA, Organic Research and Extension Initiative Grant # 2021-51300-34914, the USDA NIFA Crop Protection and Pest Management Grant #2021-70006-3531, and the USDA-NIFA Organic Transition Program Grant #2024-51106-43166.

4:45pm CDT

CE 4 - Chlorophyll Fluorescence Estimation Using Machine Learning for Dynamic Supplemental LED Control
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Efficient supplemental lighting control is crucial for optimizing crop productivity and energy use in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). While environmental factors such as temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration significantly influence photosynthesis, current lighting control strategies rely solely on ambient sunlight levels. To address this limitation, a chlorophyll fluorescence (CF)-based biofeedback system has been proposed to dynamically adjust LED light intensities based on real-time photosynthetic responses. However, frequent CF measurements using pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometers can induce severe photoinhibition due to repetitive saturating light pulses, limiting long-term application. This study explores an alternative approach by developing a machine learning model to estimate the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) from environmental parameters, eliminating the need for the fluorometer and continuous physical measurements. Four-week-old green and red lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars (‘Casey’ and ‘Cherokee’) were grown in a greenhouse for a month, where ΦPSII was measured every 15 minutes using a fluorometer (Monitoring-PAM; Heinz Walz, Effeltrich, Germany) alongside environmental data, including extended photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, CO₂ concentration, and vapor pressure deficit. A linear regression model was developed to estimate ΦPSII, generating cultivar-specific equations that were integrated into the biofeedback system for LED control. The estimated ΦPSII values exhibited a strong correlation with the measured data, allowing the biofeedback system to optimize lighting without the risk of photoinhibition associated with frequent PAM fluorometer measurements. This approach enabled dynamic light adjustment based on environmental conditions and lettuce cultivar, with the regulated light levels closely aligning with direct measurements. These findings highlight the potential of integrating predictive models into the biofeedback-controlled lighting systems, offering a cost-effective and non-invasive alternative to direct CF measurements for precision lighting management in CEA.
Speakers
SN

Suyun Nam

University of Georgia
Co-authors
LB

Leo Bastos

University of Georgia
NA
RS

Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi

University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

4:45pm CDT

HIH - Enhancing Foot Health and Safety in Farmers and Horticultural Professionals through Extension Education
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Foot health in the workplace, particularly among farmers and agricultural professionals, is often neglected, despite its significant impact on overall health and well-being. In Florida, environmental conditions frequently lead to hot, damp feet, exacerbated by improper footwear, which contributes to poor foot health. Due to a reluctance to seek medical intervention, foot issues often progress to more severe complications. This commercial horticulture extension program aimed to improve foot health awareness, increase learning gains, and promote healthy behavior changes in agriculture and horticulture workers. Objectives: The primary objectives were: (1) to improve knowledge and skills related to foot health, and (2) to encourage the adoption of healthy foot care behaviors. Methods: A total of 238 clients were pre-surveyed from 2020 - 2024 to assess their foot health and identify areas of need. Participants were then invited to attend an extension program in-person or via webinar. Four classes were presented over the four-year span, focusing on foot health and safety, addressing issues like foot or leg pain, diseases, and deformities. Practical solutions were provided, including individual diagnostic assessments by a podiatrist/surgeon who demonstrated exercises and discussed the use of orthotics for improving foot health. Participants were encouraged to rate their foot health and report discomfort. A post-intervention survey was conducted three months later to evaluate changes in knowledge, behavior, and foot health status. Outcomes and Results: The pre-survey revealed that 69% of participants reported foot issues, with an average self-assessed foot health grade of 6.85 out of 10. After attending the educational session and implementing recommended practices, 98% of participants (n=25) reported significant relief from foot discomfort. Moreover, 95% committed to behavior changes, such as performing leg exercises, using orthotics, and changing footwear. The average foot health grade improved to 8.0 out of 10, representing an 11.5% improvement. Additionally, 96% (n=9) of participants shared their knowledge with 35 others, expanding the intervention's impact. Conclusion: This study shows that educational interventions focused on foot health can lead to significant improvements in knowledge and foot health outcomes among agricultural workers. The adoption of behaviors like using orthotics, performing exercises or consulting with a podiatrist resulted in measurable improvements. The widespread sharing of information indicates that the intervention had a positive ripple effect. Continued efforts to promote foot health in high-risk occupations are essential to prevent long-term complications and improve quality of life.
Speakers
avatar for Karen Stauderman

Karen Stauderman

Commercial Horticulture Agent III, UF/IFAS Extension Volusia County
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 11A

4:45pm CDT

OPB - Genetic Mapping of Black Spot and Cercospora Leaf Spot Resistance in Autotetraploid Roses Using Three Biparental Populations
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Roses are among the most important ornamental crops globally. Major fungal diseases affecting this crop in East-Central Texas are Cercospora leaf spot (Rosisphaerella rosicola Pass.) and black spot (Diplocarpon rosae F.A. Wolf). This study aims to uncover the genetic basis of resistance to these diseases using three biparental F1 autotetraploid rose populations derived from the following crosses: ‘Miracle on the Hudson’ × ‘Morden Blush’ (MoHxMB, N=196), ‘Miracle on the Hudson’ × ‘Morden Fireglow’ (MoHxMF, N=180), and ‘Morden Blush’ × ‘Brite Eyes’ (MBxBE, N=182). The populations, planted in a randomized complete block design with two replications, were scored for disease severity monthly from May to November over two years (2023 and 2024) at the Texas A
Speakers
NK

Navdeep Kaur

Texas A&M University
Co-authors
DB

David Byrne

Texas A and M University
NA
IP

Ivan Perez

Texas A and M University
NA
OR

Oscar Riera-Lizarazu

Texas A and M University
NA
PE

Patricia E. Klein

Texas A and M University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Strand 12A

4:45pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Identification of the interacting protein of a tomato bacterial wilt resistance gene
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by the soil-borne vascular bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) species complex (RSSC), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting tomato and many other economically important crops. Rs infection leads to quick wilting and eventually plant death. Unfortunately, tomato bacterial wilt resistance genes have not been identified yet. Our previous study identified a candidate resistance gene from Hawaii 7996, a highly resistant tomato cultivar, that appears to be associated with qualitative resistance to bacterial wilt. Overexpression of the allele from Hawaii 7996 resulted in enhanced resistance in Heinz 1706, a model bacterial wilt susceptible cultivar. Gene editing-assisted gene knockout of the allele in Hawaii reduced bacterial wilt resistance. Yeast two-hybrid assay revealed a potential kinase that interacts with this resistance gene. The identification of the resistance gene and its interacting partner provide a better understanding of the resistance mechanisms and can be used for tomato bacterial wilt resistance breeding.
Speakers Co-authors
FL

Frank Louws

North Carolina State University
NA
JD

James Duduit

North Carolina State University
TA

Tika Adhikari

North Carolina State University
NA
WL

Wusheng Liu

North Carolina State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Foster 1

4:45pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Pest Management Using Insect Netting in Organic Chinese Cabbage Production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Organic farming with its reliance on natural fertilizers, cover cropping, and crop rotation, presents a sustainable approach to food production. However, a significant challenge in organic production is insect and disease management. Organic insecticides often have limited efficacy, are expensive, and require repeated applications. Mesotunnels, medium-sized (36-40 inches tall) tunnels covered with insect netting, have emerged as a pest management tool for organic vegetable growers. This study evaluated the effectiveness of mesotunnel and low tunnel systems for pest management and season extension in organic Chinese cabbage (cultivar ‘Minuet’) production. The first season of this two-year study was conducted in Fall 2024 on certified organic land at Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station, Ames, IA. The experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design with four replications and following treatments: i) 85 g ExcludeNet insect netting, ii) 0.55 oz Agribon row cover, iii) 85 g ExcludeNet insect netting + OMRI-listed insecticide iv) OMRI-listed insecticide, and v) an untreated control, uncovered with no insecticide. Weekly pest surveillance focused on Brassica insect pests such as aphids, loopers, harlequin bugs, flea beetles, and their damage was recorded. Hobo data loggers recorded variations in light intensity, air and soil temperature, and relative humidity to observe microclimate variations in each treatment. At harvest, yield data was categorized as marketable or nonmarketable and graded according to USDA commercial standards. Among all treatments, the highest marketable produce was recorded in ExcludeNet + OMRI-listed insecticide treatment (42%), followed by Agribon row cover (31%) and the lowest in OMRI-listed insecticide (15%) during the first harvest. The earlier maturity in these treatments was likely due to warmer temperatures and improved humidity regulation under the tunnels. The insect abundance and their damage on leaves was significantly lower in ExcludeNet & ExcludeNet + OMRI-listed insecticide treatment. Integrating netting and row covers with limited use of organic insecticides provided the highest pest suppression, suggesting that physical barriers can effectively optimize pest management and enhance marketability in organic vegetable production systems. Findings from this study will inform growers and the research community about the feasibility of insect nettings as a sustainable pest management tool in organic specialty crop systems.
Speakers
SC

Smriti Chaudhary

Iowa State University
Co-authors
AN

Ajay Nair

Iowa State University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 4:45pm - 5:00pm CDT
Foster 2

5:00pm CDT

CE 4 - Quantum Dot Greenhouse Glass as a Light-Management Strategy for Improved Lettuce Growth
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Using luminescent quantum dot (QD) films as greenhouse coverings offers a novel approach to enhancing plant growth by modifying the light spectrum. This study evaluates the effects of novel QD glass on the growth, morphology, and yield of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. butterhead) in a greenhouse setting. Two identical greenhouses were employed: one fitted with a QD film and the other with conventional glass, serving as a control. Lettuce seedlings were cultivated in a deep-water culture hydroponic system, with continuous monitoring of key environmental parameters—including temperature, relative humidity, CO₂ concentration, and light spectrum. After four weeks of growth, various morphological traits were assessed, such as canopy diameter, leaf count, total leaf area, and fresh and dry biomass. Results indicated that lettuce grown under the QD glass displayed enhanced leaf development and significantly higher biomass accumulation, with a 37% increase in fresh weight and a 27% rise in dry weight compared to the control. The spectral modifications induced by the QD film, especially the conversion of blue photons to red wavelengths, likely contributed to these improvements in plant morphology and productivity. These findings highlight the potential of QD glass to boost greenhouse lettuce production by increasing radiation capture and biomass accumulation.
Speakers
MS

MD SHAMIM AHAMED

University of California, Davis
Co-authors
AK

Amrit Kumar Thakur

University of California, Davis
NA
LC

Laura Cammarisano Cammarisano

University of California, Davis
NA
NA

Nazmin Akter

University of California, Davis
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Strand 12B

5:00pm CDT

HIH - Comparison of United States Professional Florists’ Perceptions of Environmentalism and their Use of Sustainable Floral Design Practices Based on Geographical Regions
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
As environmental sustainability becomes increasingly important to consumers of fresh cut flowers, the educators of floral design should consider adding topics covering sustainability within the floral industry into their curriculums. Perceptions of sustainability can vary depending on the US region in which a person lives and works. The main purpose of this study was to compare the perceptions of environmentalism and the use of sustainable floral design practices currently being implemented by professional florists based on the geographical area in which they live within the US. By investigating florists' attitudes toward sustainability and their current practices based on the US region in which they live, this study sought to shed light on the current sustainable practices being implemented within the floral design industry so that educators can make informed decisions when modifying their curriculums depending on where they are located within the US. A majority of respondents from each region in the study indicated they were personally aware of sustainable products (75.4% overall) and mechanics (80.5% overall) in floral design. Differences were found in the sustainable practices being implemented by professional florists based on the US region in which they live. Overall respondents from the West indicated they used fair-trade products, sustainable and/or compostable containers, sustainable and/or compostable floral foams, recycled carboard, composted flower waste, and is attempting to eliminate plastic at a higher rate than other US regions. Based on what professional florists are currently implementing into their own business models and what consumers have indicated as being important sustainable considerations to them when making floral purchases in past research studies, topics that focus on sourcing locally grown fresh cut flowers, post-harvest care for specialty cut flowers, growing specialty cut flowers within limited space, methods for composting fresh cut flower waste, sustainable design techniques that can be incorporated into multiple design styles an occasions, and current sustainable floral products on the market for use in floral design are all example of sustainable topics that could be incorporated into a floral design curriculum.
Speakers
LB

Lauren Baskins

Mississippi State University
NA
Co-authors
CE

Cole Etheredge

Mississippi State University
JD

James DelPrince

Mississippi State University
NA
TW

Tina Waliczek Cade

Texas State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Strand 11A
  Oral presentation, Human Issues in Horticulture
  • Subject Human Issues in Horticulture
  • Funding Source This study was facilitated and funded by the Floral Marketing Fund (FMF), in cooperation with the American Floral Endowment (AFE), and co-sponsored by BloomNet® and Syndicate Sales.

5:00pm CDT

OPB - Flowering and vegetative phenology was consistent across a ploidy series in Acer ginnala
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Amur maple (Acer ginnala) is a medium sized street tree grown for its durability in challenging environments. Unfortunately, it has escaped cultivation from prolific seed production and is banned in multiple regions. To breed for reduced fertility, a ploidy series was developed including 3x, 4x, and 5x genotypes. As part of the evaluation for fertility, phenology of field plants including the range from diploid to pentaploid were evaluated between 2020 and 2023. Reproductive traits included first flower, 50% flowering, full flower, seed set, seed abortion, and seed ripening. Vegetative traits included first leaf, full leaf, first fall color, full fall color, and leaf drop. There were no differences in phenology of any reproductive or vegetative traits relative to ploidy, and across all genotypes there was a high degree of consistency in timing of all observed traits. Confirming simultaneous flowering of all genotypes will provide confidence in future data collected on relative fertility of accessions to facilitate cultivar release. Additionally, this study confirmed that ploidy does not alter early or late season events that may expose plants to more damage from frost events during these periods.
Speakers
RC

Ryan Contreras

Oregon State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Strand 12A

5:00pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Constitutive Expression of Full-length or Partial of SOC1 genes for Yield Enhancement in Tomato
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Manipulating the expression of flowering pathway genes holds potential for regulating tomato fruit productivity. SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) is a MADS-box gene that serves as a key integrator in the flowering pathway. In this study, two full-length SOC1 genes cloned from maize (ZmSOC1) and soybean (GmSOC1), along with a partial SOC1 gene from blueberry (VcSOC1K, containing the K-domain), were individually transformed into tomato for constitutive expression. Phenotypically, the expression of VcSOC1K and ZmSOC1, but not GmSOC1, led to early flowering. Most transgenic lines for all three constructs exhibited a significant increase in fruit number per plant. More importantly, compared to non-transgenic plants, all three constructs resulted in varying degrees of increased fruit production per plant, primarily through enhanced branching. At the transcriptomic level, comparative analysis of GmSOC1 revealed the broader impact of the transformed genes. The increased expression of CLF and EZA1 appears to explain the unchanged flowering time of the GmSOC1 transgenic plants, while the repressed expression of DWARF genes likely contributes to enhanced branching. Additionally, numerous genes associated with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance displayed differential expression. These findings demonstrate that constitutive expression of either full-length or partial SOC1 has the potential to enhance tomato fruit production.
Speakers
GS

Guo-qing Song

Michigan State University
Co-authors
GH

Gharbia H. Danial

University of Duhok
NA
JJ

Jirapa Jaikham

Michigan State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Foster 1

5:00pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Do Bicultures of Sunn Hemp with Sorghum Sudangrass Decrease Its Weed and Plant-Parasitic Nematode Suppression Efficacy?
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Sunn hemp (SH, Crotalaria juncea L.) is used in Florida strawberry production as an off-season summer legume cover crop to provide agroecosystem services such as weed and plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) suppression. Bicultures of SH with sorghum-sudangrass (SS) (Sorghum bicolor Moench × S. sudanense [Piper] Stapf) are of interest to reduce the cost of SH use. Our study objective was to determine whether bicultures retain the weed and PPN suppression benefits provided by SH grown in monoculture. A replacement series experiment was conducted in summer 2022 and repeated in 2023 in north-central Florida in a PPN-infested field. A factorial treatment arrangement of five SH:SS biculture proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) and three seeding rates (20, 40, and 60 lb/acre) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A no-cover crop, weedy control was also included in each block. Data were collected on cover crop biomass and carbon: nitrogen ratio (C:N), weed density, weed biomass, and PPN populations at eight weeks after planting. Bicultures consistently produced higher total cover crop biomass than the SH monoculture. Bicultures were as effective as the SH monoculture in reducing total weed density and resulted in either lower or equivalent total weed biomass. Averaged over year, only the 60 lb/acre seeding rate had a lower total weed density than the 20 lb/acre rate. In 2022, both the 40 and 60 lb/acre seeding rates resulted in lower weed biomass than the 20 lb/acre rate, while seeding rate had no significant effect on total weed biomass in 2023. Root-knot nematode populations in both years and sting nematode populations in 2022 were detected at levels too low for analysis. However, in 2023, the lowest and highest sting nematode populations occurred with the SH and SS monocultures, respectively; and sting nematode populations increased as the proportion of SS in the bicultures increased. Bicultures with ≤50% SS had significantly higher sting nematode populations than the weedy control. An increase in C:N was observed as SS proportion in bicultures increased. Thus, we conclude that SH/SS bicultures maintain the weed biomass suppression benefits of SH monocultures while increasing cover crop biomass. However, bicultures may lead to higher sting nematode populations, which will be of concern in organic strawberry production where soil fumigation is not permitted. Growers will also need to consider the effects of the higher C:N ratio of biculture residue on nitrogen fertilizer immobilization.
Speakers
JL

Jean-Maude Louizias

University of Florida
Co-authors
CC

Carlene Chase

University of Florida
GM

Gabriel Maltais-Landry

University of Florida
NA
JD

Johan Desaeger

University of Florda
NA
NB

Nathan Boyd

University of Florida
NA
RK

Rosalie Koenig

University of Florida
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:00pm - 5:15pm CDT
Foster 2

5:15pm CDT

CE 4 - Right on the Dot? Validation of a Lettuce Growth Model Under a Mock Silicon Quantum Dot Spectrum
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Incorporation of quantum dots within greenhouse films has the potential to enhance local food production with a reduced carbon footprint, without compromising yield or quality. Silicon quantum dots in particular hold advantages over other photoluminescent nanoparticles in that they have low toxicity and are highly tunable. The down-shifting of photons observed under silicon quantum dot films can enhance vegetative productivity of plant commodities, but due to a relatively low photon emission efficiency of the films, the transmitted light to crop canopies below is reduced. A growth model has been used to predict the performance of lettuce grown under a silicon quantum dot spectrum, but no studies have been conducted to validate these predictions. Our study aimed to evaluate the yield and physiological performance of Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Rex’ grown in controlled environment growth chambers fit with tunable 11-channel LEDs which were used to match the color fraction of a solar spectrum transmitted through glass greenhouse glazing or a solar spectrum transmitted through a silicon quantum dot film. Light intensity levels of 500 and 350 µmol m−2 s−1 were also tested to simulate the expected 33% loss of light transmission through the silicon quantum dot film at a density of 5 wt%. The spectrum and light intensity treatments were tested in a factorial design for a total of four treatments, with each treatment replicated five times. Fresh biomass results from the growth chambers showed that growth model predictions underestimate the performance of ‘Rex’ under the mock silicon quantum dot spectrum. The elimination of UV-A photons and enrichment of red and far red photons in the mock silicon quantum dot treatment increased leaf area and growth at their respective light intensities compared to the mock solar spectrum; however, the yield of the 350 µmol m−2 s−1 mock silicon quantum dot spectrum did not surpass that of the 500 µmol m−2 s−1 mock solar spectrum. This research highlights the importance of coupling solar cells with silicon quantum dot films to increase their economic feasibility and further illuminates the effects of down-shifted spectra on lettuce physiology.
Speakers
CN

Christopher Nieters

University of Minnesota
Co-authors
BR

Bryan Runck

University of Minnesota
NA
NE

Nathan Eylands

University of Minnesota
WS

Walid Sadok

University of Minnesota
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Strand 12B

5:15pm CDT

HIST - Evolution of ASHS Conferences: 60 Consecutive Years' Attendance
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
ASHS Annual Meetings (now conferences) have evolved over the 60 years of my attendance. From the 1965 Annual Meeting in Urbana Illinois where I stayed in a tent on the University quadrangle, to the most recent conference in Honolulu, they have been professionally stimulating, exciting and memorable. The dogwood pin given to attendees of the 1966 meeting with ISHS in Maryland, the long drive from St. Paul to College Station, Texas in 1967 and the ISHS/ASHS meeting in Davis stimulated my involvement and commitment to attending these important conferences. Involvement with the ASHS infrastructure began when I became a Board member representing the Great Plains Section when attending the meeting in Manhattan Kansas. I was immersed into the ASHS system further as the Chair of Local Arrangements for the 1972 meeting in St Paul (remember the chicken fiasco?) The Guelph meeting in 1974 was memorable because I attended "on the way" to sabbatical at the University of Nottingham and was "on the way back" to the 1975 meeting in Honolulu (September meeting). It was an easier drive from St. Paul to Ames in 1982 where I took my grad students in a van to save them money (I have always encouraged my students to become ASHS members by paying for their first year's memberships). Past President Dermot Coyne sponsored me for ASHS Fellow, awarded at the meeting in East Lansing in 1988. My second meeting in Honolulu was of note because following inducements of pineapples, luau and more, I purchased a timeshare to make sure that I'd take a "real" vacation in addition to my usual tacking on a few days to ASHS conferences. Among the important changes with which I had the privilege to assist was the creation of the ASHS Endowment Fund, and now the "$125 for Five" campaign that will continue to help deserving students. Of course I am humbled to say that one of my greatest honors was election as President of ASHS. Following the devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina, I was inundated with "where can we meet", "when can we meet" emails and calls. I was proud to respond that we will help New Orleans by following through with our commitment to meet there. I will mention many more important ASHS changes and insights as part of my presentation this year as we return to the site of my Presidential Address in the "Big Easy".
Speakers
PR

Paul Read

University of Nebraska
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Strand 11A

5:15pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Testing Different Plant Growth Regulators for Germination and Conversion of Cornus florida Somatic Embryos
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) is a native tree species to the Eastern US that is susceptible to powdery mildew fungus. Genetic transformation of somatic embryogenic tissue in conjunction with gene editing are molecular methods used to breed pathogen-resistant cultivars. This research investigates the most effective germination treatment in regenerating plantlets from genetically transformed somatic embryos of flowering dogwood. From somatic embryogenic callus cultures containing the reporter transgene ß-glucuronidase (GUS), we grew tissue in liquid suspension and size fractioned using sterile metal sieves of different pore sizes. We collected pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) from the small mesh size sieve, plated PEMS onto nylon supports using vacuum, and placed the nylon supports to semi-solid maturation media for embryo development. We chose somatic embryos elongating beyond the torpedo stage with the best quality and appearance and placed them across the four germination treatments. The germination experiments evaluated four different treatment concentrations of four different plant growth regulators (PGRs), gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and melatonin. The environmental conditions for the first experiment included fluorescent lighting (10 μmol/m²/sec), temperature at 23 ºC (±1), and a photoperiod of 16h light:8h dark. Somatic embryos growing in germination media supplemented with GA3 (1, 2mg/L) had a higher percentage of embryos showing emergence of the apical shoot meristem between the cotyledons. The next highest percentage of somatic embryos with emerging apical meristems occurred using BAP at the concentrations 0.5 and1mg/L. The second germination experiment assessed the same treatments above except used early- stage torpedo somatic embryos and the light intensity increased to 35 μmol/m²/sec. BAP at 0.5 and 1mg/L showed the highest percentage of greening cotyledons and rooting rates. However, in 60 days, all the somatic embryos died in the GA3, ABA, melatonin, and BAP germination treatments. Although we successfully developed healthy transgenic somatic embryos, converting them into plants was a major challenge. The furthest germination stage we reached was the emerging of apical shoots, where the meristem elongates and continues to primary leaf formation. The difficulty in obtaining complete conversion to plants from these transgenic somatic embryos suggests there may be unintended impacts on growth or germination based on the location of the GUS transgene in the genome. Additionally, the original transgenic embryogenic culture was eight years old prior to the germination experiments, which could have influenced embryo conversion to plants.
Speakers
HG

Heather Gladfelter

University of Georgia
Co-authors
DW

Dayton Wilde

University of Georgia
NA
WJ

Will Johnson

University of Georgia
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Foster 1
  Oral presentation, Plant Biotechnology 2
  • Subject Plant Biotechnology
  • Poster # csv
  • Funding Source University of Georgia CURO and CAES Undergraduate Research Grants

5:15pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Bed Architecture and Fumigation Strategies for Strawberries in Eastern NC
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Management of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs), soil-borne diseases, and weeds in the strawberry industry is fundamental for every North Carolina grower, to achieve a successful production season. The prohibition of methyl bromide (MBr) in 2005 caused significant challenges for growers leading to the search for new and efficient strategies to suppress and control the impact of pests and diseases that affect strawberry growers. Hence, the objective of this project was to evaluate alternative fumigation strategies combined with new bed architectures for the control of soil-borne pests in strawberry production. Two experiments were conducted in North Carolina where, compact beds (24 inches wide by 12 inches tall) were compared to traditional North Carolina strawberry beds (30 inches wide by 6 inches tall). Both bed architecture designs were fumigated with either shank or drip-applied fumigants (Pic-Clor 60 and Pic-Clor 60 EC, respectively), with and without the inclusion of a soil surfactant for the drip fumigation treatments. In both studies, we measured strawberry plant biomass, volumetric water content in multiple points of the planting beds, plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and weed pressure before and after fumigation, plant reflectance indexes, bed compaction, and crop yield. Post-treatment results demonstrated that compact beds with both shank and drip-applied fumigants achieved comparable control of weeds and PPNs to traditional beds with shank fumigation. Bed compaction measures indicated that compact bed treatments present less compaction at 4-, 8- and 12-inch depths compared to the higher compaction observed in North Carolina’s traditional strawberry beds.
Speakers
JA

Josue Alarcon Mendoza

North Carolina State University, Horticultural Science
Co-authors
ET

Emmanuel Torres Quezada

North Carolina State University
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:15pm - 5:30pm CDT
Foster 2

5:30pm CDT

CE 4 - Advancing Energy Efficiency: Insights from the New York State Greenhouse Energy Benchmark Project
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Energy costs are typically the second largest operational cost for greenhouses behind labor and these costs are increasing over time. Energy use varies greatly between operations based on their geographic location, type of technology, months of operation, and type of crops grown. Energy benchmarking is a process used for many commercial buildings whereby energy performance of facilities are quantified. The information can be used by operations to better understand their energy use relative to their peers and can help identify opportunities for energy efficiency improvements and cost savings. The Greenhouse Lighting and Systems Engineering (GLASE) consortium leads a project with a goal of benchmarking energy use in 40 greenhouse operations in New York State. The process began with implementing a database tool with EnSave’s FEAT (farm energy audit tool) specific to greenhouse operations. The tool allows energy efficiency contractors to enter information from farm site visits on: building dimensions and properties, equipment usage (including HVAC and lighting), past utility bills, crops grown and months of the year they are grown. The database tool outputs a benchmarking report to give operations a clear understanding of energy use (total energy, energy use intensity and on a per square foot production space and per crop unit basis). Through New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), funding was made available for up to 80 greenhouses in New York State to participate. More than 40 operations have now enrolled in the project. Findings will be presented on the initial results. Challenges in reporting include the diversity of types of operations (with different types of products produced) and in many diversified farms there are not specific energy meters relative to greenhouses vs. other diversified farm activities. Nevertheless the results provide a baseline of energy use intensity in New York State greenhouses.
Speakers
NM

Neil Mattson

Cornell University
Co-authors
GS

Gretchen Schimelpfenig

Cornell University
NA
KC

Kyle Clark

EnSave Inc.
NA
MD

Matthew Del Buono

Cornell University
NA
TS

Timothy Shelford

Cornell University
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Strand 12B

5:30pm CDT

HIST - Gardening During the World Wars – Horticulture Efforts to Feed the US and the War Effort
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
The United States during the national crises of the First and Second World Wars developed gardening and food production programs in order to support the war effort and to supply food for the troops and those at home. The National War Garden Commission, a private organization, was created in 1917 one month before the US entry in World War 1. The role of the commission was to encourage US citizens to cultivate in all available space, offering free seeds and plants and to “Sow the Seeds of Victory!” President Woodrow Wilson in 1917 indicated “everyone who creates or cultivates a garden helps,” and tasked government agencies with aiding the effort to conserve food and other supplies for soldiers. The civilian garden program was supported by the commission who gave away free booklets on gardening, canning, and food preservation. These gardens, termed “war gardens” were grown throughout the country on vacant land, parks, backyards, and schools; there was call for schools to join the United States School Garden Army. There were many war gardens in the USA and around the world. There were more than 5.2 million war gardens in the USA by 1918. Towards the end of World War 1 the effort shifted to victory gardens with the goal of feeding the hungry, and prevention of starvation. With the advent of World War 2 the victory gardens were mobilized to provide resources to fight the war and support the US allies. Almost 20 million Americans planted gardens – in backyards, vacant lots, athletic fields, schools, roof tops. Produce from their gardens would help to lower the price of vegetables needed by the US War Department to feed the troops, thus saving money that could be spent elsewhere on the military. An estimated 40 % of the nation’s fresh vegetables were produced in victory gardens. The federal government, via the USDA provided resources such as seeds, production guides, and guidance in order to support victory gardens. The guides were intended to provide information to novice gardeners on growing food as well as proper canning and preservation techniques. The current farm to school movement and the People’s Garden program have their roots in the previous wartime efforts in order to support a more diverse resilient food system and address issues such as food access and climate change.
Speakers
CM

Carl Motsenbocker

Professor, Executive Director Louisiana Farm to School Program, Louisiana State University
Dr. Carl Motsenbocker is a professor of horticulture and sustainable agriculture at Louisiana State University. Motsenbocker is Executive Director of the Louisiana Farm to School Program and teaches Organic Gardening, Sustainable Agriculture and Vegetable Crops at LSU. Motsenbocker... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Strand 11A

5:30pm CDT

PBIG 2 - Hormonomics-Guided Bloom Regulation: Enhancing Climate Resilience in Peach
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Spring frost is a major environmental stressor caused by sub-zero temperatures (≤ 0 °C), often accompanied by freezing dew points, and poses a substantial economic threat to fruit crops. While the frequency of spring frost events may be influenced by climate change, the severity of damage has increased in recent years. This is largely due to elevated early spring temperatures that induce precocious bloom, making developing flower buds more vulnerable to subsequent frost events. Although no bloom-delay plant growth regulator (PGR) has been fully established to date, the use of PGRs to postpone flowering and mitigate frost risk remains a highly sought-after strategy in horticultural production. Our previous research demonstrated that fall applications of ethephon can delay bloom by 3–6 days in peach (Prunus persica). However, this treatment has also been associated with severe gummosis, necrosis, and branch damage. In the present study, we employed a plant hormonomics approach to investigate the relative abundance of endogenous hormones in flower buds of ethephon-treated versus untreated peach trees. Our analysis revealed dynamic profiles of abscisic acid (ABA), auxins (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetamide, 2-oxo-indole-3-acetic acid), brassinosteroids (e.g., 28-norcastasterone), cytokinins (e.g., zeatin, kinetin, N6-isopentenyladenosine), jasmonate-related compounds (e.g., cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, dinor-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, jasmonic acid [JA], JA-phenylalanine), salicylic acid, gibberellins (e.g., GA1, GA3, GA4, GA6), and strigolactones, with distinct accumulation patterns related to chilling and heat accumulation during dormancy and in response to ethephon treatment. Among these, jasmonates exhibited a unique pattern: levels remained low during dormancy and spiked sharply near bud break, but this spike was significantly suppressed in ethephon-treated trees. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that JA biosynthetic inhibitors could serve as effective bloom-delay agents. Indeed, over two consecutive seasons (2023 and 2024), we tested two JA inhibitors—propyl gallate and antipyrine—in two peach cultivars, ‘Sunhigh’ and ‘Redhaven’. Both compounds significantly delayed bloom progression compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, in 2025, antipyrine treatment resulted in a marked reduction in flower mortality following a killing freeze, which caused 100% damage in untreated trees versus approximately 90% in antipyrine-treated trees. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first hormonomics-driven translational approach aimed at regulating bloom time in perennial fruit trees to enhance their resilience to climate-related frost events.
Speakers
KJ

khalil Jahed

Virginia Tech
Co-authors
AK

Amolpreet Kaur Saini

Virginia Tech
NA
LE

Lauren Erland

University of Fraser Vally
NA
SS

Sherif Sherif

Virginia Tech
Dr. Sherif M. Sherif is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech, where he channels his fervent zeal for life sciences and educational outreach into his specialization in tree fruit physiology and molecular biology. His career is defined by a dedication to overcoming the biological... Read More →
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Foster 1

5:30pm CDT

WCPM 2 - Residual herbicide degradation on nursery trees following drift events
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Minnesota (MN) in the US ranks 2nd for corn silage production and 3rd for soybean production. Studies have shown that off-target movement (drift) from an unshielded sprayer, in row crops, can range from 1 to 16% of the target dose; however, boom height and wind can double or triple these doses. Pre-study 37 pesticide residue tests were conducted in five Minnesota nurseries in 2018. Nine different herbicides were detected in the 37 tests. Glyphosate (sold as Roundup Power Max 32% glyphosate) became the focus of 2019 studies, conducted at concentrations of 0, 6, 18 and 54% for glyphosate as drift events. Relating ppm’s disclosed in laboratory analyte foliar residue samples collected by various state agriculture departments after drift events to injury symptom, development, and growth reduction or time after application have ever been conducted for nursery crops. From personal communication with nursery owners experiencing neighbor’s drift event (MD; KY, OH, MI, FL) the average time from the drift event to recognizing problems, and sample collection is six weeks (6 weeks after drift event) (6 WADE). Slower metabolism of glyphosate at higher residues, explained our finding that the largest residues were detected in all, but one species/ treatments used with glyphosate, versus three other herbicides examined or in combinations. Higher residues meaning higher injury, does not occur with glyphosate. Potentially high residues mean slow metabolism for glyphosate, and thus less injury. In five cases glyphosate applied alone had no impact on growth measured as caliper over the season, even though glyphosate had the highest residue in three of the five. In only one case was caliper growth reduction highest with glyphosate (Syringa 18%) over the entire study. In terms of phytotoxicity rating, glyphosate caused no commercially unacceptable injury in four cases. Residues increased with all rates on the three species evaluated between 3 DADE and 6 WADE. With Acer freemanii and Tilia cordata residue levels declined slightly between 6 WADE to 14 WADE with all rates. Only, Syringa reticulata showed an increase in foliar residues between 6 WADE to 14 WADE. Since carry over injury the next year (or three) is a concern with all glyphosate applications to perennial plants, all trees were observed in 2020. None were commercially acceptable and in severe decline (regardless of rate) in spring 2020, only 6% glyphosate on Syringa survived to the fall , and by spring 2021 were dead.
Speakers
HM

Hannah Mathers

Mathers Environmental Science Services, LLC
Owner of Mathers Environmental Science Services, established 2010, active since 2015 resigning from Ohio State University, as Full Professor/ State Extension Nursery/ Landscape Extension Specialist 2000 to 2015. Previous to OH State University was Assistant Professor and Regional... Read More →
Co-authors
JB

James Beaver

Mathers Environmental Science Services, LLC
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:30pm - 5:45pm CDT
Foster 2
  Oral presentation, Weed Control and Pest Management 2

5:45pm CDT

CE 4 - An Argument in Favor of Creating a United American Society for Greenhouse and Controlled Environment Growers to Build a Connected, Collaborative Grower Network for More Efficient Technology Transfer and Production
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:45pm - 6:00pm CDT
While Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) continues to expand rapidly across North America, the U.S. lacks a unified national organization to represent, support, and connect greenhouse growers. In contrast to Canada and the Netherlands, which benefit from strong national-level grower associations, American growers remain fragmented across states, commodity groups, or scale-specific networks. The existing groups tend to be state-specific, crop-specific, or focused on suppliers and hobbyists—leaving a major gap for commercial growers who need actionable support and a unified voice. This fragmentation further limits access to shared knowledge, economic leverage, and consistent representation in research and policy. To address this, we propose the creation of the United Greenhouse Growers Association (UGGA), a national, grower-led association designed to support collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and improved market efficiency. Initial development will begin in Kentucky, where the University of Kentucky has already mapped CEA activity across the state, providing a strong foundation for data-driven outreach, pilot engagement, and program testing. What distinguishes this initiative is its emphasis on practicality, inclusion, and tangible value. Rather than serving as a passive affiliation, the UGGA will offer direct support through group purchasing programs, collective marketing strategies, access to shared services, and the translation of academic research into usable tools. There will be the opportunity for the UGGA to set training and certification standards for professional growers which will give guidance to trade schools and colleges. Membership will be kept affordable and low-barrier, intentionally structured to welcome small and mid-sized growers alongside larger operations. Most critically, the organization will be led by growers themselves—not just vendors or researchers—ensuring the priorities reflect real operational challenges and opportunities. The society will address national gaps that existing groups often overlook: the need for peer-to-peer knowledge on transitions from soil to substrate, crop management under protected/controlled environments, strategies for reducing the isolation of growers in low-density CEA states, and creating a network that supports national-scale coordination without losing local relevance. The UGGA structure would also allow for cross-state collaboration and integration with USDA priorities around regional supply chain resilience and U.S. producer support. This abstract proposes launching an organizing committee to begin outreach, host stakeholder roundtables in Kentucky and beyond, define founding principles, and formalize UGGA’s nonprofit framework in preparation for national rollout.
Speakers
MY

Melanie Yelton

GrowBig Consulting
Melanie Yelton, Dr. Yelton leverages over 25 years of plant science leadership to guide controlled agriculture entities towards climatically resilient food systems. Via her consultancy company, GrowBig, she advises controlled environment agriculture farms, lighting partners and R... Read More →
Co-authors
DS

Derek Smith

Resource Innovation Institute
NA
QY

Qinglu Ying

University of Kentucky
NA
SC

Sam Chronert

GrowBig Consulting
NA
TT

Trevor Terry

Kentucky Horticulture Council
NA
Wednesday July 30, 2025 5:45pm - 6:00pm CDT
Strand 12B

6:00pm CDT

Graduate Student Poster Competition
Wednesday July 30, 2025 6:00pm - 7:00pm CDT
The student must stand in front of the physical poster during the competition hours and the judges will walk around to each contestant. The student will be given 5 minutes to make a presentation to the judges, followed by a 2 minute period of questions and answers. There is no virtual presentation option.
Please note: Signing up for the competition means that you are agreeing to present twice – once for your regularly scheduled poster session and once in the competition.  If you do not also present your poster during the regularly scheduled Conference Poster session program, you will be disqualified from the Poster Competition, and your abstract will not be published in the on-line supplement of HortScience.
Competition winners in each graduate level program (MS and PhD) will each receive monetary prizes ($300 first; $200 second; $100 third) and the winners' names and abstracts will be posted to the ASHS web site and highlighted in the ASHS E-News.
The winners are announced at the Awards and Trivia Night on Thursday, July 31 at 6:00 pm during the conference.

Wednesday July 30, 2025 6:00pm - 7:00pm CDT
Empire AB

6:00pm CDT

Northern Region Social Gathering
Wednesday July 30, 2025 6:00pm - 7:00pm CDT
Members of the ASHS Northern Region are invited to join us for a social gathering/networking event.
Wednesday July 30, 2025 6:00pm - 7:00pm CDT
Bolden 5
 


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