ASHS 2025 Conference

Floriculture supply chains are undergoing a shift toward sustainability, driven by consumer demand and industry initiatives to reduce environmental impacts. While previous research has explored the carbon footprint of some ornamental horticultural products, domestic U.S. cut flower production and distribution remains largely understudied. Understanding the emissions associated with different supply chain models can guide sustainable practices in the domestic floriculture industry. This study examines the carbon emissions from the production and transportation of one representative cut flower species – snapdragon. Two primary distribution models were compared: point-to-point delivery where individual growers supply retailers directly and the hub-and-spoke system where wholesale hubs consolidate and distribute flowers. By evaluating data collected from 188 growers, 330 retailers, and six regional wholesale hubs, the research quantifies carbon emissions at each stage of the supply chain. The life cycle analysis uses openLCA software to standardize emissions data to an "emissions per stem" metric, aligning with horticulture footprinting standards. The results highlight the importance of optimizing supply chain logistics to reduce emissions. Furthermore, applying the social cost of carbon ($185 per metric ton of CO2) provides an economic perspective on the environmental impact of floral supply chains. As businesses move toward more climate-conscious operations, these insights can guide decisions that align with both financial and sustainability business goals.